® SuperStack® II Switch Management Guide For units in the SuperStack II Switch 1100/3300 and 610/630 Family Management Software Version 2.50 http://www.3com.com/ Part No.
3Com Corporation 5400 Bayfront Plaza Santa Clara, California 95052-8145 Copyright © 2000, 3Com Technologies. All rights reserved. No part of this documentation may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative work (such as translation, transformation, or adaptation) without written permission from 3Com Technologies.
CONTENTS ABOUT THIS GUIDE Conventions 13 Related Documentation 15 Year 2000 Compliance 15 Documentation Comments 16 Product Registration 16 I Getting Started with Management 1 SUPERSTACK II SWITCH MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE What is Management Software? 20 Summary of Software Features 20 Software Features Explained 21 Stack Management 21 Forwarding Modes 21 Duplex Modes 22 Flow Control 23 Traffic Prioritization 23 PACE 24 Security 24 Resilient Links 25 Port Trunks 25 Broadcast Storm Control 26 Virtual LANs 26 Fas
2 SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT Methods of Managing a Switch 32 Setting Up Web Interface Management 33 Setting Up Through the Console Port 33 Setting Up Over the Network 34 Installing Online Help and Documentation 34 Choosing a Browser 35 Configuring the Browser 35 Setting Up Command Line Interface Management 36 Setting Up Through the Console Port 36 Setting Up Over the Network 37 Setting Up SNMP Management 37 Managing a Switch Over the Network 38 IP Addresses 38 Obtaining a Registered IP Address 38 Subnets an
Setting Up IP Information 58 Configuring a Port 59 Configuring the Console Port 66 Changing the Management Settings for the Stack 67 Specifying a Descriptive Name 67 Changing Your Password 68 Specifying a Physical Location 69 Accessing the Getting Started Pages 69 Specifying the Location of the Online Help and Documentation Specifying Contact Details 71 Configuring the Stack 71 Configuring the Switch Database 72 What is the Switch Database? 72 Displaying the Switch Database 73 Inserting Permanent Entries 74
Defining Monitor Ports and Analysis Ports 87 Enabling the Roving Analysis System 88 Resetting All the Units in the Stack 88 What Happens During a Reset? 88 Initializing All the Units in the Stack 88 What Happens During an Initialization? 88 Upgrading Management Software 89 Displaying Statistics for the Current Switch 91 Displaying Unit Statistics 91 Interpreting the Statistics 92 Displaying Port Statistics 92 Interpreting the Statistics 94 4 WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Accessing the Interface
Displaying Port Summary Information 113 Enabling and Disabling VLT Tagging on a Port 114 Setting the Bridge Spanning Tree Forward Delay 114 Setting the Bridge Spanning Tree Hello Timer 115 Setting the Bridge Spanning Tree Maximum Age 115 Setting the Spanning Tree Bridge Priority 115 Enabling and Disabling Spanning Tree on a Bridge 116 Adding a Port to a VLAN 116 Creating a VLAN 116 Deleting a VLAN 117 Displaying Detailed VLAN Information 117 Modifying a VLAN 118 Removing a Port from a VLAN 119 Displaying Su
Specifying IP and SLIP Information 133 Displaying IP and SLIP Information 135 Enabling and Disabling BOOTP 135 Pinging Other Devices 136 Resetting the IP Configuration 136 Displaying and Changing SNMP-related Information 137 Specifying SNMP Community Strings 137 Specifying Trap Destination Details 137 Displaying Trap Destination Details 138 Modifying Trap Destination Details 138 Removing Trap Destination Details 139 Performing an SNMP GET Command 139 Performing an SNMP GETNEXT Command 139 Performing an SNMP
III Management Reference 5 PORT TRUNKS What are Port Trunks? 158 Port Trunks and Your Switch 158 Placing Ports in a Port Trunk 159 Port Trunk Example 160 6 VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS) What are VLANs? 164 Benefits of VLANs 164 VLANs and Your Switch 165 The Default VLAN 165 Defining New VLANs 166 Untagged and Tagged VLANs 166 Placing a Port in a Single VLAN 166 Placing a Port in Multiple VLANs 166 802.1Q Tagging 166 VLT Tagging 167 Using IEEE 802.1Q Learning 167 Forwarding Traffic Containing Unknown 802.
8 MULTICAST FILTERING What is a Multicast? 190 What is Multicast Filtering? 190 Multicast Filtering and Your Switch 191 IEEE 802.1p Multicast Filtering 191 Enabling 802.
IV Problem Solving 11 PROBLEM SOLVING Solving Web Interface Problems 214 Solving Command Line Interface Problems 216 Solving SNMP Management Software Problems 218 Solving Serial Web Utility Problems 219 Solving Management Software Upgrade Utility Problems Solving Other Problems 221 V Appendices and Index A SERIAL WEB UTILITY Introduction 227 Installing the Serial Web Utility 227 Using the Serial Web Utility 229 B MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE UPGRADE UTILITY Using the Upgrade Utility GLOSSARY INDEX 231 220
ABOUT THIS GUIDE This guide provides all the information you need to manage units in the SuperStack ® II Switch 1100/3300 and 610/630 family with management software version 2.50. The guide is intended for use by network administrators who are responsible for installing and setting up network equipment; consequently, it assumes a basic working knowledge of LANs (Local Area Networks). Throughout this guide, the term stack refers to a number of Switch units that are managed as a single unit.
ABOUT THIS GUIDE Table 2 Text Conventions Convention Description Screen displays This typeface represents information as it appears on the screen. Syntax The word “syntax” means that you must evaluate the syntax provided and then supply the appropriate values for the placeholders that appear in angle brackets. Example: To change your password, use the following syntax: system password In this example, you must supply a password for .
Related Documentation Related Documentation 15 In addition to this guide, each document set in the Switch 1100/3300 and 610/630 family includes the following: ■ User Guide This guide contains all the hardware and installation information for the Switch.
ABOUT THIS GUIDE Documentation Comments Your suggestions are very important to us. They will help make our documentation more useful to you. Please e-mail comments about this document to 3Com at: pddtechpubs_comments@3com.
GETTING STARTED MANAGEMENT I WITH Chapter 1 SuperStack II Switch Management Software Chapter 2 Setting Up for Management
1 SUPERSTACK II SWITCH MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE This chapter contains introductory information about the SuperStack® II Switch management software and how it can be used in your network.
CHAPTER 1: SUPERSTACK II SWITCH MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE What is Management Software? Your Switch contains software that allows you to change and monitor the way it works. This management software is not required to get the Switch working, but if you do use it, you may improve the efficiency of the Switch and therefore improve the overall performance of your network.
Software Features Explained 21 Table 3 Software features Feature Switch 1100/610 Family Switch 3300 /630 Family Spanning Tree Protocol Supported Supported RMON Seven groups supported: Statistics, History, Alarms, Hosts, Hosts Top N, Matrix, Events Seven groups supported: Statistics, History, Alarms, Hosts, Hosts Top N, Matrix, Events Roving Analysis Supported Supported Management Web interface, command line Web interface, command line interface, and SNMP interface, and SNMP supported supporte
CHAPTER 1: SUPERSTACK II SWITCH MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE Units in the Switch 1100/610 family support three forwarding modes in addition to Store and Forward: ■ Fast Forward — Packets are forwarded as soon as the destination address is received and processed. With Fast Forward, packets take less time to be forwarded, but all error packets are propagated onto the network because no time is allowed for checking.
Software Features Explained Flow Control 23 All the ports on your Switch support flow control, which is a congestion control mechanism. Congestion is caused by one or more devices sending traffic to an already overloaded port on the Switch. Flow control prevents packet loss and inhibits the devices from generating more packets until the period of congestion ends. Flow control is implemented in two ways: ■ IEEE 802.3x standard for ports operating in full duplex.
CHAPTER 1: SUPERSTACK II SWITCH MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE If you use IEEE 802.1p traffic prioritization, we recommend that all relevant ports on your Switch are placed in one or more Virtual LANs (VLANs) using 802.1Q tagging. For a brief explanation of VLANs, see “Virtual LANs” on page 26. For a detailed explanation of VLANs and 802.1Q tagging, see “Virtual LANs (VLANs)” on page 163.
Software Features Explained ■ No other address can be learned until security is disabled or the address is manually removed from the database. ■ The address cannot be learned on another port until security is disabled or the address is manually removed from the database. 25 For more information about enabling security on a port, see “Configuring a Port” on page 59.
CHAPTER 1: SUPERSTACK II SWITCH MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE Broadcast Storm Control Your Switch supports Broadcast Storm Control, a system that automatically creates an alarm for each port to monitor the level of broadcast traffic on that port. If the broadcast traffic level rises to 2976 frames per second, the broadcast traffic on the port is blocked until the broadcast traffic level drops to 1488 frames per second.
Software Features Explained Multicast Filtering 27 Your Switch supports two multicast filtering systems: ■ IEEE 802.1p, which uses the GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) ■ IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) These systems allow the Switch to forward multicast traffic to the endstations that are interested rather than broadcasting the traffic to the whole network. For more information, see “Multicast Filtering” on page 189.
CHAPTER 1: SUPERSTACK II SWITCH MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE Roving Analysis Your Switch supports roving analysis, a system that allows you to attach a network analyzer to one port and use it to monitor the traffic of other ports on the Switch. The system works by enabling you to define an analysis port (the port that is connected to the analyzer), and a monitor port (the port that is to be monitored).
Default Settings Default Settings 29 Table 4 shows the default settings of units in the Switch 1100/3300 and 610/630 family. If you initialize one of these Switch units, it is returned to these defaults. Table 4 Default Settings Switch 1100/610 Family Switch 3300/630 Family Port Status Enabled Enabled Port Speed 10BASE-T/ 100BASE-TX ports are auto-negotiated.
CHAPTER 1: SUPERSTACK II SWITCH MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE Table 4 Default Settings RMON Alarm (errors over 1 min) Switch 1100/610 Family Switch 3300/630 Family Enabled: High threshold: 20 errors per second — Notify Low threshold: 1 error per second — No action Enabled: High threshold: 20 errors per second — Notify Low threshold: 1 error per second — No action
2 SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT This chapter explains the various ways of managing a Switch, and details the steps required before you can configure a Switch to suit the needs of your network.
CHAPTER 2: SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT Methods of Managing a Switch You can manage a Switch using one of the following methods: ■ Web interface management — Each Switch has an internal set of web pages that allow you to manage the Switch using a Java®-enabled Web browser. ■ Command line interface management — Each Switch has a command line interface that allows you to manage the Switch.
Setting Up Web Interface Management Setting Up Web Interface Management 33 You can access the web interface using: ■ A management workstation connected to the console port of a Switch, running the Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP). ■ A management workstation connected to a Switch over an IP network. While multiple users can access the web interface at any one time, too many users may result in a slow response time for the web pages and the error message “document contains no data”.
CHAPTER 2: SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT Setting Up Over the Network To manage a Switch using the web interface over an IP network: 1 You must set up the Switch with IP information. To do this: a Access the web interface of the Switch through the console port. See “Setting Up Through the Console Port” on page 33. b Use the Getting Started pages or IP Setup page to enter suitable IP information for the Switch. For more information about IP, see “Managing a Switch Over the Network” on page 38.
Setting Up Web Interface Management 35 ■ On the CD-ROM, inserted into the CD-ROM drive of a networked CD-ROM server ■ On a Web server If several users are using the web interface, we recommend that you copy the files onto a server, or insert the CD-ROM into a networked CD-ROM server. 2 If the files are to be accessed from the CD-ROM, insert the CD-ROM into the relevant CD-ROM drive.
CHAPTER 2: SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT Setting Up Command Line Interface Management Setting Up Through the Console Port You can access the command line interface using: ■ A terminal or terminal emulator connected to the console port of a Switch directly, or through a modem ■ A terminal or terminal emulator connected to a Switch over an IP network using Telnet To manage a Switch using the command line interface through the console port: 1 You must connect the terminal or terminal emulator to the con
Setting Up SNMP Management Setting Up Over the Network 37 To manage a Switch using the command line interface over a network using Telnet: 1 You must set up the Switch with IP information. To do this: a Access the command line interface of the Switch through the console port. See “Setting Up Through the Console Port” on page 36. b Use the ip interface define command to enter suitable IP information for the Switch. For more information about IP, see “Managing a Switch Over the Network” on page 38.
CHAPTER 2: SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT Managing a Switch Over the Network IP Addresses When managing a Switch over the network, the Switch must be correctly configured with the following IP information: ■ An IP address — for more information, see “IP Addresses” on page 38. ■ A subnet mask — for more information, see “Subnets and Using a Subnet Mask” on page 39. If you are uncertain about what IP addresses to assign your equipment, contact your network administrator.
Logging in as a Default User 39 World Wide Web site: http://www.internic.net Subnets and Using a Subnet Mask You can divide your IP network into sub-networks or subnets. Support for subnets is important because the number of bits assigned to the device part of an IP address limits the number of devices that may be addressed on any given network. For example, a Class C address is restricted to 254 devices. If you have a small network (less than 254 devices), you may decide not to have subnets.
CHAPTER 2: SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT Table 5 Default Users User Name Default Password Access Level security security admin (no security — the user can access and change all manageable password) parameters security — the user can access and change all manageable parameters CAUTION: To protect your Switch from unauthorized access, you must change all default passwords as soon as possible.
THE MANAGEMENT INTERFACES II Chapter 3 Working With the Web Interface Chapter 4 Working With the Command Line Interface
3 WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE This chapter describes how to access and use the web interface. It covers the following topics: ■ Accessing the Web Interface ■ The Getting Started Pages ■ The Main Web Interface ■ Configuring the Current Switch ■ Changing the Management Settings for the Stack ■ Configuring the Stack ■ Displaying Statistics for the Current Switch Throughout this chapter, the term stack refers to a number of Switch units that are managed as a single unit.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE Accessing the Web Interface You can access the web interface through the console port or over the network. To access the web interface through the console port, you must install, configure and run the Serial Web Utility described in “Serial Web Utility” on page 227. Note that the Serial Web Utility is only required if you want to access the web interface through the console port; it is not required for access over the network.
Accessing the Web Interface 45 4 Enter your user name and password: ■ If you have been assigned a user name and password, enter those details. ■ If you are accessing the web interface for the first time, enter a default user name and password to match your access requirements. The defaults are described in “Logging in as a Default User” on page 39. If you are setting up the stack for management, we suggest that you log on as admin (which has no default password).
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE The Getting Started Pages When you access the web interface for the first time or after a power-off/on cycle, a set of Getting Started pages are displayed. The first Getting Started page, Getting Started - Introduction is shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 The Getting Started - Introduction page The Getting Started pages allow you to enter basic setup information for the stack. As you go through the pages, you are asked to enter: 1 A descriptive name for the stack.
The Getting Started Pages 47 3 The URL or file path of the online help and online documentation for the stack. ■ If the files are installed on your management workstation, on the CD-ROM, or on a network server, you must begin the file path with file:// ■ If the files are stored on a Web server, you must begin the URL with http:// If you do not know where the online help and online documentation is stored, see “Installing Online Help and Documentation” on page 34.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE The Main Web Interface The main web interface is made up of three areas: ■ The Banner This is always displayed at the top of the browser window. It displays the name of the current Switch in the stack, and contains several External Link icons that allow you to access information outside of the web interface. For more information about the External Links, see “The External Link Icons” on page 49.
The Main Web Interface The External Link Icons 49 The banner of the main web interface contains several External Link icons that allow you to access information outside of the interface; these are shown in Table 6. Table 6 External Link icons and their actions External Link Icon Action If your management workstation has access to the World Wide Web, clicking the 3Com icon displays the home page of the 3Com World Wide Web site in a second browser window.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE The Management Icons The side-bar of the main web interface contains several Management Icons that allow you to display web pages in the page area; these are shown in Table 7. Table 7 Management Icons and their actions Management Icon Action Management Settings — Click on this icon to display the Management Settings pages for the stack. Configuration — Click on this icon to display the Configuration pages for the stack.
The Main Web Interface ■ ■ ■ ■ 51 Unit Status — This page allows you to display the general administration details of the Switch. IP Setup — This page allows you to set up IP information for the Switch. Port Setup — This page allows you to configure individual ports on the Switch. Console Port Configuration — This page allows you to configure the console port of the Switch. For more information, see “Configuring the Current Switch” on page 54.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Roving Analysis Setup — This page allows you to set up roving analysis ports for the stack. Resilient Links — This page allows you to set up resilient links for the stack. Reset — This page allows you to reset the Switch units in the stack. Port Trunks Setup — This page allows you to set up port trunks for the stack. Initialize — This page allows you to initialize the Switch units in the stack.
The Main Web Interface 53 Figure 5 Web interface map Making Changes in the Page Area If you change any setting on a page in the page area, you must click the Apply button at the bottom right of the page to make the change to the stack. The change is only made when you click the Apply button. If you make changes on a page but do not wish to apply them, click the Back button in your Web browser to exit the page.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE Configuring the Current Switch Displaying the Status of the Ports You can configure the current Switch and the ports on that Switch using the Unit Pages.
Configuring the Current Switch 55 Displaying the Speed and Duplex Mode of Ports You can display the speed and duplex mode of ports in the Switch graphic using the Port Summary page. To access the page: ■ Click the Summary hotlink under the Switch graphic. The Port Summary page is displayed as shown in Figure 7. Figure 7 The Port Summary page If you have an Expansion Module fitted to your Switch, the Expansion Module port numbers follow on sequentially from the number of fixed ports.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE Displaying Administration Details You can display general administration details about the Switch using the Unit Status page. To access the page: ■ Click the Unit icon on the side-bar. The Unit Status page is displayed as shown in Figure 8. Some fields are only displayed after a software upgrade failure. These fields display information about the software upgrade.
Configuring the Current Switch 57 Hardware Rev Displays the version number of the Switch hardware. MAC Address Displays the MAC (Ethernet) address assigned to the Switch. Software Version Displays the version number of the management software currently installed on the Switch. For information about how to upgrade the management software, see “Upgrading Management Software” on page 89. Boot PROM Version Displays the version of Boot PROM software installed on the Switch.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE Setting Up IP Information You can set up the IP information for the Switch using the IP Setup page. To access the page: 1 Click the Unit icon on the side-bar. The Unit Status page is displayed. 2 Click the IP Setup hotlink on the Unit Status page. The IP Setup page is displayed as shown in Figure 9. Figure 9 The IP Setup page The IP Setup page contains the following elements: IP Address Allows you to enter a unique IP address for the Switch.
Configuring the Current Switch 59 Default Router If your network contains one or more routers, this field allows you to enter the IP address of the default router. For more information about IP addresses, see “Managing a Switch Over the Network” on page 38. BOOTP On / Off If you have a BOOTP server on your network, these radio buttons allow you to specify whether the server allocates IP information for the Switch automatically. For BOOTP to work correctly, the Switch must have the IP address 0.0.0.0.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE Figure 10 The Port Setup page with auto-negotiation enabled Figure 11 The Port Setup page with auto-negotiation disabled
Configuring the Current Switch 61 The Port Setup page contains the following elements: Port Displays the number of the selected port. Link State Enabled / Disabled Displays the state of the link connected to the port. Media Type Displays the media type of the link connected to the port. Port Speed Displays the current speed and duplex mode of the port. FC indicates that flow control is enabled.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE Switch 610 and Switch 1100 only. The 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX ports on the Switch 1100 cannot auto-negotiate IEEE802.3x flow control. Follow the instructions below to enable flow control on the Switch 1100 10BASE-T/100BASETX ports. To enable flow control on the Switch 1100 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX ports: 1 From the Port Setup page, set the Auto-Negotiation listbox to disabled. 2 Click Apply. 3 Set the FD Flow Control listbox to Enabled.
Configuring the Current Switch 63 HD Flow Control Enabled / Disabled Allows you to enable or disable the Intelligent Flow Management flow control that can be used when the port is operating in half duplex. Flow control prevents any packet loss that may occur on congested ports. The Half Duplex Flow Control listbox should be disabled if the port is connected to multiple devices using a hub. If it is enabled, local traffic between those multiple devices is inhibited. 802.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE FWD Unknown VLAN Tags Enabled / Disabled / Auto Allows you to specify whether the port forwards traffic that uses unknown IEEE 802.1Q tags. If 802.1Q VLAN learning is disabled, you can specify: ■ Enabled — Use this setting if the port is connected to a switch that supports IEEE 802.1Q VLANs. ■ Disabled — Use this setting if the port is connected to an endstation, hub, bridge, router, or a switch that does not support IEEE 802.1Q VLANs. If 802.
Configuring the Current Switch 65 You cannot enable security on a port that is part of a resilient link, or a port that is part of a port trunk. For more information, see “Setting Up Resilient Links” on page 79 and “Port Trunks” on page 157. PACE Stack Default / Enabled / Disabled Allows you to specify whether the port uses PACE (Priority Access Control Enabled) to support multimedia traffic: ■ Stack Default — The port takes the PACE setting from the Advanced Stack Setup page.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE 802.1Q VLAN Learning Stack Default / Disabled Allows you to specify whether the port uses IEEE 802.1Q learning (GVRP) to place ports in VLANs automatically: ■ Stack Default — The port takes the 802.1Q VLAN learning setting from the Advanced Stack Setup page. For more information, see “Configuring the Advanced Stack Settings” on page 76. ■ Disable — The port does not use IEEE 802.Q learning.
Changing the Management Settings for the Stack 67 The Console Port Configuration page contains the following elements: Console connection Terminal / Modem Allows you to specify the device that you are connecting to the console port. Port Speed AutoConfig / 1200 / 2400 / 4800 / 9600 / 19200 Allows you to specify the line speed (baud) of the console port. If you select AutoConfig, the line speed of the port is automatically set to the line speed of the terminal or modem.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE Figure 13 The System Name page The Name field allows you to enter a descriptive name for the stack. The name can be up to 20 characters long. Changing Your Password You can change the password for your user using the Password Setting page. To access the page: 1 Click the Management Settings icon on the side-bar. 2 Click the Password Setting hotlink. The Password Setting page is displayed as shown in Figure 14.
Changing the Management Settings for the Stack 69 The Password Setting page contains the following elements: New Password Allows you to enter a new password for your user. The password can be up to 10 characters long. Passwords must only contain alpha-numeric characters. Confirm Password Allows you to re-enter the new password. The password does not change unless you enter it in this field. Specifying a Physical Location You can specify the physical location of the stack using the Location page.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE Specifying the Location of the Online Help and Documentation You can specify the location of the online help and documentation for the stack using the Documentation page. To access the page: 1 Click the Management Settings icon on the side-bar. 2 Click the Documentation hotlink. The Documentation page is displayed as shown in Figure 16.
Configuring the Stack Specifying Contact Details 71 You can specify the details of a person to contact about the stack using the Contact page. To access the Contact page: 1 Click the Management Settings icon on the side-bar. 2 Click the Contact hotlink. The Contact page is displayed as shown in Figure 17. Figure 17 The Contact page Configuring the Stack You can configure the stack using the Configuration pages.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE Configuring the Switch Database You can configure the Switch Database of the stack using the Switch Database page. To access the page: 1 Click the Configuration icon on the side-bar. 2 Click the Switch Database hotlink. The Switch Database page is displayed as shown in Figure 18. What is the Switch Database? The Switch Database is used by the stack to determine if a packet should be forwarded, and which port should transmit the packet if it is to be forwarded.
Configuring the Stack 73 Databases entries can have three states: ■ Learned — The stack has placed the entry into the Switch Database when a packet was received from an endstation: ■ ■ Learned entries are removed (aged out) from the Switch Database if the stack does not receive packets from that endstation within a certain period of time (the ageing time).
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE To display a subset of the entries for the current unit: 1 From the Port Filter listbox, select a port that has submitted the relevant entries or All Ports. 2 From the VLAN Filter listbox, select the local ID of a VLAN associated with the relevant entries. 3 In the Enter MAC Address field, enter the first few characters of the MAC (Ethernet) address for the relevant entries. 4 From the Select Action Type listbox, select Search. 5 Click the Apply button.
Configuring the Stack 75 The Display Database Entries table is not automatically updated with the new entry. To update the table: a From the Select Action Type listbox, select Display All. b Click the Apply button. When inserting a permanent entry, two error messages can be displayed in the Status column of the Display Database Entries table: ■ You can only insert an entry for one port at a time; if you select All Ports in the Port Filter listbox, the message Port Needed is displayed.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE Configuring the Advanced Stack Settings You can configure the advanced settings of the stack using the Advanced Stack Setup page. To access the page: 1 Click the Configuration icon on the side-bar. 2 Click the Advanced Stack Setup hotlink. The Advanced Stack Setup page is displayed as shown in Figure 19.
Configuring the Stack 77 short time to be forwarded, but all error packets except fragments are propagated. ■ Store and Forward — Received packets are buffered entirely before they are forwarded, which ensures that only good packets are forwarded to their destination. With Store and Forward, packets take slightly longer to be forwarded than with Fast Forward and Fragment Free, but no errors are propagated.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE Ageing Time (Secs) 0 / 60 ... 1000000 Allows you to specify the ageing time (in seconds) for all learned entries in the Switch Database of the stack; the default time is 1800 seconds (30 minutes). If you specify an ageing time of 0, the ageing process is disabled and the learned entries become non-ageing learned entries. For more information about the Switch Database, see “What is the Switch Database?” on page 72.
Configuring the Stack Setting Up Resilient Links 79 You can set up resilient links for the stack using the Resilient Links page. To access the page: 1 Click the Configuration icon on the side-bar. 2 Click the Resilient Links hotlink. The Resilient Links page is displayed as shown in Figure 20. Figure 20 The Resilient Links page What are Resilient Links? The Resilient Link feature enables you to protect critical links and prevent network downtime if those links fail.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE ■ Resilient link pairs can only be set up using fiber or twisted pair ports. The main and standby ports in the same pair, however, can use any combination of these media. ■ A resilient link pair must only be defined at one end of the link. ■ A resilient link pair must only be set up if: ■ ■ ■ The ports belong to the same VLANs. The ports use the same VLAN tagging system (802.1Q tagging or VLT tagging). ■ The ports have the same IEEE 802.
Configuring the Stack 81 3 Click the Next... button. 4 From the Main Link field, select the main port of the resilient link pair. 5 Click the Next... button. 6 From the Standby Link field, select the standby port of the resilient link pair. 7 Click the Next... button. The Resilient Links page is displayed showing the new resilient link pair. Deleting a Resilient Link Pair The Resilient Links page allows you to delete a resilient link pair. To do this: 1 Click the resilient link pair.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE Figure 21 The Port Trunk Setup page What are Port Trunks? Port trunks are connections that allow devices to communicate using up to four links in parallel. Port trunks provide two benefits: ■ They can potentially double, triple or quadruple the bandwidth of a connection. ■ They can provide redundancy — if one link is broken, the other links share the traffic for that link. For more information, see “Port Trunks” on page 157.
Configuring the Stack 83 3 Click a port in the Available Ports listbox. 4 Click the Add >> button. The port is assigned to the port trunk, and the port is displayed in the Trunk Members listbox. There are several conditions that need to be satisfied before a port can be placed in a port trunk. See “Port Trunks and Your Switch” on page 158. To place a port back in the Available Ports listbox, click the port in the Trunk Members listbox and click the << Remove button.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE What are VLANs? A VLAN is a flexible group of devices that can be located anywhere in a network, but they communicate as if they are on the same physical segment. With VLANs, you can segment your network without being restricted by physical connections — a drawback of traditional network design. For more information about VLANs, see “Virtual LANs (VLANs)” on page 163.
Configuring the Stack 85 You cannot edit the 802.1Q VLAN ID if ports are already assigned to the VLAN. Deleting VLAN Information The VLAN Setup page allows you to delete any VLAN information that you define in the Create VLAN page. To do this: 1 From the VLANs Available listbox, select a VLAN. 2 Click the Select button. 3 Click the Delete button. The VLAN is deleted, and the VLAN Setup page displays the port membership of the Default VLAN.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE 5 To place the port in another VLAN, repeat steps 1 to 4 with that VLAN. To place a port back in the Available Ports listbox, click the port in the VLAN Members listbox and click the << Remove button. The VLAN Members listbox displays two types of port that do not use 802.1Q tagging: untagged ports and VLT tagged ports.
Configuring the Stack 87 What is Roving Analysis? Roving analysis is a system that allows you to attach a network analyzer to one port and use it to monitor the traffic of other ports in the stack. The system works by enabling you to define an analysis port (the port that is connected to the analyzer), and a monitor port (the port that is to be monitored).
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE Enabling the Roving Analysis System The Roving Analysis Setup page allows you to enable the roving analysis system. To do this: 1 From the Roving Analysis State listbox, select Enabled. 2 Click Apply. Resetting All the Units in the Stack You can reset all the Switch units in the stack using the Reset page. To access the page: 1 Click the Configuration icon on the side-bar. 2 Click the Reset hotlink. The Reset page is displayed.
Configuring the Stack 89 setting is the IP and SLIP information, which is retained to ensure that you can continue managing the stack. You may want to initialize the stack if it has previously been used in a different part of your network, and its settings are incorrect for the new environment. CAUTION: Use great care when initializing the stack — it removes all configuration information, including password and security information.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE To upgrade the management software: 1 Copy the software upgrade file into an appropriate directory on a TFTP server. For information on using a TFTP Server, see the documentation that accompanies it. CAUTION: You must ensure that the port connected to the TFTP server has 802.1Q VLAN learning disabled and belongs to the Default VLAN (VLAN 1). The server can only upgrade a stack if it is connected to the stack by the Default VLAN.
Displaying Statistics for the Current Switch Displaying Statistics for the Current Switch Displaying Unit Statistics 91 You can display statistics for the current Switch in the stack using the Health pages. These pages allow you to: ■ Display a range of statistics for all the ports on the Switch ■ Display a range of statistics for a specific port on the Switch You can display a range of statistics for all the ports on the Switch using the Unit Graph page.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE To display the Total Errors graph: 1 From the listbox, choose Total Errors. 2 Click Apply. If you click a port on the Bandwidth Utilization or Total Errors graph, the graph for that port is displayed.
Displaying Statistics for the Current Switch 93 Figure 26 The graphs displayed by the Port Graph page You can choose to display graphs for Utilization, Total Errors or Packet Size distribution: To display the Utilization graph: 1 From the first listbox, choose a port. 2 From the second listbox, choose Utilization. 3 Click Apply. To display the Total Errors graph: 1 From the first listbox, choose a port. 2 From the second listbox, choose Total Errors. 3 Click Apply.
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE WEB INTERFACE To display the Packet Size Distribution graph: 1 From the first listbox, choose a port. 2 From the second listbox, choose Packet Size Distribution. 3 Click Apply. Interpreting the Statistics ■ The Utilization graph scales automatically to display the percentage of bandwidth used on the port over the last hour and last 48 hours: ■ ■ ■ A bandwidth utilization of 0–25% indicates that the port is dealing with a light traffic load.
4 WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE This chapter describes how to access and use the command line interface.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Accessing the Interface To access the command line interface, take the following steps: 1 Set up your network for command line interface management; for more information, see “Setting Up Command Line Interface Management” on page 36. The login sequence for the command line interface begins as soon as a relevant Switch in the stack detects a connection to its console port, or as soon as a Telnet session is started.
About the Interface Menus How Many Users Can Access the Interface? About the Interface Menus 97 The command line interface can be accessed by several users at the same time: ■ If the stack contains multiple Switch units, the command line interface can be accessed through each console port in the stack at the same time. ■ If the stack is being managed using Telnet, the command line interface can be accessed by any number of users at the same time.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE ■ Feature menu This menu contains commands that allow you to configure Roving Analysis Port, enable or disable Broadcast Storm Control, set up or remove resilient links, and configure Trunks on the Switch. ■ IP menu This menu contains commands that allow you to view and change IP-related information for the stack and ping other devices in your network. It also allows you to reset the IP configuration back to factory defaults.
About the Interface Menus 99 Figure 28 Command line interface menu structure Entering Commands The command area of the command line interface contains a Select menu option prompt that allows you to enter the commands in the menu area Commands are not case-sensitive. ■ To enter a simple command: At the prompt, enter the name of the command.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE ■ To enter multiple commands: At the prompt, enter each command in succession. For example, to display the system menu and reset the Switch units in the stack, enter: system reset ■ To enter commands that require values: Append the values to the name of the command.
A Quick Guide to the Commands A Quick Guide to the Commands 101 Table 8 describes the commands that are available in the command line interface. Table 8 Command line interface commands Command What does it do? logout Exits the current user from the command line interface. bridge agingTime Specifies the aging time of the bridge address on the current Switch unit. bridge display Displays the bridge information on the current Switch unit.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Table 8 Command line interface commands Command What does it do? bridge port vltMode Enables or disables VLT tagging on a port on the current Switch unit. bridge stpForwardDelay Sets the bridge Forward Delay spanning tree parameter. bridge stpHelloTime Sets the bridge Hello Timer spanning tree parameter. bridge stpMaxAge Sets the bridge Maximum Age spanning tree parameter. bridge stpPriority Sets the spanning tree bridge priority.
A Quick Guide to the Commands 103 Table 8 Command line interface commands Command What does it do? feature analyzer display Displays information about the roving analysis port configured in the stack. feature analyzer remove Removes the designated roving analysis port from the current port. feature analyzer start Specifies the roving analysis monitor port (that is the port from which data will be copied) and starts monitoring by the analysis port.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Table 8 Command line interface commands Command What does it do? snmp get Performs an SNMP GET command, that allows you to retrieve values of SNMP objects from the stack. snmp next Performs an SNMP GETNEXT command, that allows you to specify an SNMP object and then retrieve the next few SNMP objects from the stack. snmp set Performs an SNMP SET command, that allows you to modify the value of an SNMP object in the stack.
Displaying and Changing Bridging/VLANs Information 105 Table 8 Command line interface commands Displaying and Changing Bridging/VLANs Information Setting the Bridge Address Aging Time Command What does it do? system security user modify Modifies user details for the stack. system security user remove Removes user details from the stack. system softwareUpgrade Allows you to upgrade the management software of the Switch units in the stack.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE To display the statistical information: 1 At the Top-level menu, enter: bridge display 2 The bridge information for the Switch is displayed as shown in the following example.
Displaying and Changing Bridging/VLANs Information ■ 107 maxAge — Displays the maximum age in seconds at which the stored configuration message information is judged to be too old and is discarded. This value is determined by the root bridge. ■ bridgeHelloTime — Displays the Hello time value, used when this bridge is the root bridge. This value is the time that elapses between the configuration messages generated by a bridge that assumes itself to be the root.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Enabling and Disabling Router Port Auto-Discovery You can enable or disable router port auto-discovery for all Switch units in the stack using the autoDiscovery command on the Router Port menu. The default setting for the Switch is router port auto-discovery enabled, with no manually identified router ports. You can manually identify router ports with auto-discovery enabled.
Displaying and Changing Bridging/VLANs Information 109 2 The router port information for all Switch units in the stack is displayed in ascending unit and port number order. An example of the router port information is shown below: Unit 1 1 2 4 Removing a Router Port Port 3 4 26 6 Learning State Auto Manual Manual Auto You can remove a router port from any Switch unit in the stack using the removePort command on the Router Port menu.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Adding a Statically Configured Address to a Switch Database You can add a statically configured address to a switch database using the add command on the Address menu. To add an address to a port: 1 At the Top-level menu, enter: bridge port address add The following prompt is displayed: Select bridge port(1-12): 2 Enter the number of the port that you wish to add an address to.
Displaying and Changing Bridging/VLANs Information Displaying MAC Addresses for a Port 111 You can display a list of MAC addresses associated with a selected port using the list command on the Address menu. To display a list of MAC addresses: 1 At the Top-level menu, enter: bridge port address list The following prompt is displayed: Select bridge ports (1-12, all): 2 Enter the number of the port that you wish to have its associated MAC addresses displayed, or enter all for all the ports.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE 2 Enter the number of a port on the Switch unit. If the port selected is working in VLT mode the display will show the port as being a member of all current VLANs with Tagging shown as vlt. The port information for the Switch is displayed as shown in the example below.
Displaying and Changing Bridging/VLANs Information 113 2 Enter the number of the port to be enabled or disabled. The following prompt is displayed: Enter new value (disable, enable) [disable]: 3 Enter enable or disable. Displaying Port Summary Information You can display summary information about a port, or all ports, of the current Switch unit using the summary command on the Port menu.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Enabling and Disabling VLT Tagging on a Port ■ Blocking - equivalent to STP blocking state ■ Listening - equivalent to STP listening state ■ Learning - equivalent to STP learning state ■ Forwarding - equivalent to STP forwarding state ■ Broken - port is broken ■ fwdTransitions — Displays the number of times this port has entered the forwarding state from the learning state.
Displaying and Changing Bridging/VLANs Information Setting the Bridge Spanning Tree Hello Timer 115 You can set the bridge hello timer spanning tree parameter of the current Switch using the stpHelloTime command on the Bridge menu. To set the bridge spanning tree hello timer: 1 At the Top-level menu, enter: bridge stpHelloTime The following prompt is displayed: Enter new value in seconds (1-10) [2]: 2 Enter the new value for the hello timer.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Enabling and Disabling Spanning Tree on a Bridge You can enable or disable spanning tree on a bridge of the current Switch unit using the stpState command on the Bridge menu. To enable or disable spanning tree on a bridge: 1 At the Top-level menu, enter: bridge stpState The following prompt is displayed: Enter new value (disable, enable) [disable]: 2 Enter enable or disable.
Displaying and Changing Bridging/VLANs Information 117 The following prompt is displayed: Enter VLAN ID (2-4094) [3]: 2 Enter the number of the VLAN ID that you wish to create. The default option is the lowest value within the VLAN ID range not currently used in the stack. The following prompt is displayed: Enter Local ID (1-16) [3]: 3 Enter the local ID to be associated with the VLAN. The default option is the lowest value within the Local ID range not currently used in the stack.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE The following prompt is displayed: Select VLAN ID (1-4094) [1]: 2 Enter the VLAN ID that you wish to display. The detailed VLAN information for the selected VLAN ID is displayed as shown in the example below.
Displaying and Changing Bridging/VLANs Information Removing a Port from a VLAN 119 You can remove a single port from a VLAN, or remove all ports on the current Switch unit from the selected VLAN using the removePort command on the VLAN menu. To remove a port from a VLAN: 1 At the Top-level menu, enter: bridge vlan removePort The following prompt is displayed: Select VLAN ID (1-4094) [1]: 2 Enter the number of the VLAN ID that you wish to remove a port from.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Displaying and Changing Port Information You can display and change information about the ports on the current Switch unit in the stack using the commands on the Ethernet menu. These commands allow you to: ■ Enable and disable Ethernet ports on the Switch ■ Specify the speed and duplex mode of Ethernet ports on the Switch ■ Enable and disable auto-negotiation for Ethernet ports on the Switch ■ Enable and disable IEEE 802.
Displaying and Changing Port Information Specifying the Speed and Duplex Mode 121 You can specify the speed and duplex mode of Ethernet ports on the Switch using the portMode command on the Ethernet menu. To specify the speed and duplex mode of a port: 1 At the Top-level menu, enter: ethernet portMode The following prompt is displayed: Select Ethernet port (1-24,all): 2 Enter the number of the port to have its speed and duplex mode specified, or enter all for all the ports.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE ■ If auto-negotiation is enabled on a 10BASE-T port, the duplex mode of the link is automatically detected and set accordingly. CAUTION: The duplex mode of a link is not detected if the port on the other end of the link is not auto-negotiating. In this case, the Switch port is set to operate in half duplex: ■ If you want the link to operate in full duplex, set the Switch port to operate in full duplex manually.
Displaying and Changing Port Information Enabling and Disabling Flow Control 123 IEEE 802.3x flow control prevents any packet loss that may occur on congested ports that are operating in full duplex. You can enable or disable IEEE 802.3x flow control for Ethernet ports on the Switch using the flowControl command on the Ethernet menu. To enable or disable IEEE 802.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Figure 29 Ethernet Statistics Port: 1 10Mbps HD Auto Transmit Stats Received Stats Unicast Packets: Non Unicast Packets: Octets: Fragments: Port Speed: 0 0 0 0 Unicast Packets: Non Unicast Packets: Octets: Collisions: 50 18734 1397087 0 0 0 Oversize Jabbers 0 0 13752 4404 623 256 to 511 Octets: 512 to 1023 Octets: 1024 to 1518 Octets: 5 0 00 Errors Undersize: CRC Errors: Packet Size Analysis 64 Octets: 65 to 127 Octets: 128 to 255 Octet
Displaying and Changing Port Information 125 Transmitted Stats ■ Unicast Packets — Displays the number of packets with a single destination address that have been transmitted by the port. ■ Non Unicast Packets — Displays the number of packets with a multicast or broadcast destination address that have been successfully transmitted by the port. ■ Octets — Displays the number of octets that have been transmitted by the port.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Packet Size Analysis Displays the number of packets seen by the port that had a length which was in one of six ranges between 64 and 1518 octets. This information may help you to analyze the efficiency of your network layer protocol. Displaying Port Summary Information You can display summary information about Ethernet ports on the Switch using the summary command on the Ethernet menu.
Displaying and Changing System Feature Information Displaying and Changing System Feature Information Setting up a Roving Analysis Port 127 You can display and change system feature information for the Switch units in the stack using the commands on the Feature menu. These commands allow you to: ■ Set up Roving Port Analysis. ■ Enable or disable Broadcast Storm Control. ■ Set up Resilient Links. ■ Set up Trunks.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE The roving analysis port information is displayed as shown in the example below. Monitor Port Unit 2 Port 12 Analysis Port Unit 1 Port 10 State Enabled Select menu option: Removing a Roving Analysis Port You can remove the roving analysis port using the remove command on the Analyzer menu.
Displaying and Changing System Feature Information Stopping Data Monitoring 129 You can stop data monitoring by the roving analysis port and remove the monitor port from the roving analysis set up by using the stop command on the Analyzer menu.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Setting Up a Resilient Link You can set up resilient links on the Switch units within the stack using the define command on the Resilience menu. To set up a resilient link: 1 At the Top-level menu, enter: feature resilience define The following prompt is displayed: Select unit for main link (1-4): 2 Enter the unit number for the main link that you wish to define.
Displaying and Changing System Feature Information Removing a Resilient Link 131 You can remove resilient links from the Switch units within the stack using the remove command on the Resilience menu. To remove a resilient link: 1 At the Top-level menu, enter: feature resilience remove The following prompt is displayed: Select resilient link index (1,2): 2 Enter the resilient link index number for the resilient link that you wish to remove.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE 3 Enter the port number that you wish to add to the trunk. (The choice of port numbers reflects suitable candidate ports.) You can not add a port to a trunk that is already a member of a trunk, is part of a resilient link, is in VLT mode, or is selected as the copy port or study port.
Displaying and Changing IP-related Information Displaying Summary Trunk Information 133 You can display summary trunk information about all trunks supported by the stack using the summary command on the Trunk menu. To display summary trunk information: 1 At the Top-level menu, enter: feature trunk summary 2 The summary trunk information is displayed as shown in the example below.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE To specify the IP and SLIP information: 1 At the Top-level menu, enter: ip interface define The following prompt is displayed, allowing you to enter an IP address for the Switch: Enter IP address [0.0.0.0]: For more information about IP addresses, see “IP Addresses” on page 38. 2 Enter a valid IP address. The following prompt is displayed, allowing you to enter a subnet mask for the Switch: Enter subnet mask [0.0.0.
Displaying and Changing IP-related Information Displaying IP and SLIP Information 135 You can display IP and SLIP information for the current Switch unit in the stack using the display command on the IP/Interface menu. For more information about IP and SLIP, see “Managing a Switch Over the Network” on page 38. To display the IP and SLIP information: ■ At the Top-level menu, enter: ip interface display The IP and SLIP information for the Switch is displayed.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Pinging Other Devices The PING feature allows you to send out a PING request to test whether devices on an IP network are accessible and functioning correctly. This feature is useful for testing that the stack is installed and set up correctly, and that your network connections are working. You can PING other devices on your network using the ping command on the IP menu.
Displaying and Changing SNMP-related Information Displaying and Changing SNMP-related Information Specifying SNMP Community Strings 137 You can display and change SNMP-related information for the stack using the commands on the SNMP menu.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE 2 Enter the community string of the trap destination device. The following prompt is displayed: Enter the trap destination address: 3 Enter the IP address of the trap destination device. Displaying Trap Destination Details You can display the community string and IP address of the current trap destination devices using the display command on the SNMP/Trap menu.
Displaying and Changing SNMP-related Information Removing Trap Destination Details 139 You can remove the details of a current trap destination device using the remove command on the SNMP/Trap menu. To remove trap destination details: 1 At the Top-level menu, enter: snmp trap remove The following prompt is displayed: Select trap index (1,2,3,all): 2 Enter the index number of the trap destination device that is to have its details removed, or enter all to remove all trap destination device details.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE The following prompt is displayed: Enter object-identifier: 2 Enter the identifier of an SNMP object. The following prompt is displayed: Enter count: 3 Enter the number of SNMP objects after the object specified for which you want to retrieve information. The SNMP object information is displayed. Performing an SNMP SET Command An SNMP SET command allows you to modify values of SNMP objects in a network device.
Displaying and Changing Stack Information Displaying and Changing Stack Information Moving the Focus of the Command Line Interface 141 You can display and change information about the Switch units in the stack or the stack as a whole using the commands on the System menu.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE You can have up to four Switch units in a stack: ■ If the stack contains one unit, that unit is unit 1. ■ If the stack contains two units connected using a Matrix Cable, the unit with the lowest MAC address is unit 1 and the other unit is unit 2. ■ If the stack contains a number of units connected using a Matrix Module, the unit numbers are defined by the port connections on the Module.
Displaying and Changing Stack Information Displaying Switch Administration Details 143 You can display the administration details for the current Switch unit in the stack using the display command on the System menu. This information may be useful for your technical support representative if you have a problem. To display the information: ■ From the Top-level menu, enter: system display The administration details are displayed. An example of the details is shown below.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE information about assigning new contact details, see “Specifying Stack Administration Details” on page 142. Time Since Reset Displays the time that has elapsed since the unit was last reset, initialized or powered-up. Operational Version Displays the version number of the management software currently installed on the unit. For information about how to upgrade the management software, see “Upgrading Management Software” on page 153.
Displaying and Changing Stack Information 145 To display the information: ■ From the Top-level menu, enter: system inventory The summary information is displayed.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Configuring Intelligent Modules You can configure intelligent modules such as the Switch Layer 3 Module and the Switch ATM Expansion module. Setting Module Configuration You can set the IP configuration for an intelligent module using the define command on the Module menu. To set the IP configuration for the Module: 1 At the top-level menu, enter: system module define The following prompt is displayed: Enter IP Address [0.0.0.
Displaying and Changing Stack Information 147 2 Enter enable or disable. Changing Your Password You can change the password for the current user using the password command on the System menu. To change the password: 1 At the Top-level menu, enter: system password The following prompt appears, allowing you to enter the existing password: old password 2 Enter the existing password.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Enter the access level (monitor,manager,security) [security]: 3 Enter an access level for the new user. The following prompt is displayed: Enter the password: 4 Enter a password for the new user. The following prompt is displayed: Re-enter the password: 5 Enter the password for the new user again. The following prompt is displayed: Enter the community string []: 6 Enter a community string for the new user.
Displaying and Changing Stack Information 149 2 Enter the name of the user to be modified. The following prompt is displayed: Enter the password: 3 Enter a password for the user. The following prompt is displayed: Re-enter the password: 4 Enter the password for the user again. The following prompt is displayed: Enter the community string []: 5 Enter a community string for the user.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Modifying Access Rights You can modify access rights for the access levels in the stack using the modify command on the System/Security/Access menu. To modify the access rights for the stack: 1 From the Top-level menu, enter: system security access modify The following prompt is displayed: Enter access level (monitor,manager,security): 2 Enter the access level to be modified.
Displaying and Changing Stack Information ■ ■ ■ 151 Users cannot access the stack over the network using the web interface. Users cannot access the Switch using an SNMP Network Manager. Users can only access the command line interface or web interface using a direct connection to the console port of a Switch unit in the stack. You can enable or disable remote access to the management software of the stack using the remoteAccess command on the System menu.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE The stack takes about 10 seconds to reset. While the stack is resetting, you cannot communicate with it. Initializing All the Units in the Stack You can initialize all the Switch units in the stack using the initialize command on the System menu. To initialize the units: 1 At the top-level menu, enter: system initialize The following prompt is displayed: Initializes the system to factory defaults and causes a reset.
Displaying and Changing Stack Information Upgrading Management Software 153 You can upgrade the management software of all Switch units in the stack using the softwareUpgrade command on the System menu. To upgrade the management software: 1 Copy the software upgrade file into an appropriate directory on a TFTP server. For information on using a TFTP Server, see the documentation that accompanies it. CAUTION: You must ensure that the port connected to the TFTP server has 802.
CHAPTER 4: WORKING WITH THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE
MANAGEMENT REFERENCE III Chapter 5 Port Trunks Chapter 6 Virtual LANs (VLANs) Chapter 7 FastIP Chapter 8 Multicast Filtering Chapter 9 Spanning Tree Protocol Chapter 10 RMON
5 PORT TRUNKS Port trunks are connections that allow devices to communicate using up to four links in parallel. This chapter explains more about port trunks and how to set them up on your network.
CHAPTER 5: PORT TRUNKS What are Port Trunks? Port trunks are connections that allow devices to communicate using up to four links in parallel. These parallel links provide two benefits: ■ They can potentially double, triple or quadruple the bandwidth of a connection. ■ They can provide a redundancy — if one link is broken, the other links share the traffic for that link. Figure 30 shows a Switch 3300 and a Switch 630 connected using a port trunk with four links.
Placing Ports in a Port Trunk 159 When setting up a port trunk, note that: ■ The ports at both ends of a connection must be configured as trunk ports. ■ The trunk ports can only belong to one port trunk. ■ The trunk ports must be fiber or twisted pair ports. ■ The trunk ports must be from the same Switch in the stack. ■ The trunk ports must have an identical configuration.
CHAPTER 5: PORT TRUNKS Port Trunk Example The example shown in Figure 31 illustrates an 800Mbps port trunk between two Switch units. Figure 31 An 800Mbps port trunk between two Switch units To set up this configuration: 1 Prepare ports 13, 15, 17 and 19 on the higher Switch for port trunking: a Use the web interface to ensure that the ports have an identical configuration: b Use the Port Trunk Setup page of the web interface to specify that ports 13, 15, 17 and 19 are ports of the port trunk.
Port Trunk Example 161 2 Prepare ports 1, 3, 5 and 7 on the lower Switch for port trunking: a Use the web interface to ensure that the ports have an identical configuration: b Use the Port Trunk Setup page of the web interface to specify that ports 1, 3, 5 and 7 are ports of the port trunk. 3 Connect port 13 on the higher Switch to port 1 on the lower Switch. 4 Connect port 15 on the higher Switch to port 3 on the lower Switch. 5 Connect port 17 on the higher Switch to port 5 on the lower Switch.
CHAPTER 5: PORT TRUNKS
6 VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS) Setting up Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) on your Switch reduces the time and effort required by many network administration tasks, and increases the efficiency of your network. This chapter explains more about the concept of VLANs and explains how they can be implemented on your Switch.
CHAPTER 6: VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS) What are VLANs? Benefits of VLANs A VLAN is a flexible group of devices that can be located anywhere in a network, but they communicate as if they are on the same physical segment. With VLANs, you can segment your network without being restricted by physical connections — a drawback of traditional network design.
VLANs and Your Switch VLANs and Your Switch 165 Your Switch provides the following VLAN features: ■ Support for up to 16 VLANs using the IEEE 802.1Q standard The IEEE 802.1Q standard allows each port on your Switch to: ■ Be placed in any single VLAN defined on the Switch. ■ Be placed in several VLANs at the same time using 802.1Q tagging. ■ ■ Use 802.
CHAPTER 6: VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS) Defining New VLANs If you want to move a port from the Default VLAN to another VLAN, you must first define information about the new VLAN on your Switch. To do this, you use the VLAN Setup page of the web interface; see “Defining VLAN Information” on page 84. Untagged and Tagged VLANs When setting up VLANs you need to understand when to use untagged and tagged VLANs.
VLANs and Your Switch 167 To create an 802.1Q tagged link: 1 Ensure that the device at the other end of the link uses the same 802.1Q tags as your Switch. 2 Place the Switch port in the required VLANs using the VLAN Setup page of the web interface; see “Placing Ports in Multiple VLANs Using 802.1Q Tagging” on page 85. 3 Place the port at the other end of the link in the same VLANs as the port on your Switch. You cannot create an 802.
CHAPTER 6: VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS) The system works as follows: 1 The configured 802.1Q endstation sends out a packet with a known multicast address to the whole network — this packet declares that the endstation is to receive traffic for specific VLANs. 2 When the packet arrives at a port on a Switch with 802.1Q learning enabled, the Switch places the receiving port in the VLANs specified and then forwards the packet to all other ports. 3 When the packet arrives at another Switch with 802.
VLANs and Your Switch Figure 32 Forwarding unknown 802.
CHAPTER 6: VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS) Connecting VLANs to Other VLANs If the devices placed in a VLAN need to talk to devices in a different VLAN, each VLAN requires a connection to a routing or Layer 3 switching device. Communication between VLANs can only take place if they are all connected to a routing or Layer 3 switching device. Connecting to VLANs on Legacy Switch Units Your Switch supports VLANs using the IEEE 802.
VLAN Configuration for Beginners VLAN Configuration for Beginners Simple Example: Using Untagged Connections 171 This section contains examples of simple VLAN configurations. It describes how to set up your switch to support simple untagged and tagged connections. For more advanced configuration examples, see “VLAN Configuration - Advanced Examples” on page 177 The simplest VLAN operates in a small network using a single switch. In this network there is no requirement to pass VLAN traffic across a link.
CHAPTER 6: VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS) To set up the configuration shown in Figure 33: 1 Configure the VLANs Use the VLAN Setup page of the web interface to define VLAN 2 on the Switch. VLAN 1 is the default VLAN and already exists. Do not add the ports to the VLAN using this screen. For more information about creating a VLAN, see “Configuring VLANs” on page 83.
VLAN Configuration for Beginners Figure 34 Simple example: Untagged connections using hubs 173
CHAPTER 6: VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS) To set up the configuration shown in Figure 34: 1 Configure the VLANs Use the VLAN Setup page of the web interface to define VLAN 2 on the Switch 3300. VLAN 1 is the default VLAN and already exists. Do not add the ports to the VLAN using this screen. For more information about creating a VLAN, see “Configuring VLANs” on page 83 2 Edit the Port settings Use the Untagged VLAN listbox on the Port Setup page of the web interface to: a Place ports 1, and 14 in VLAN 1.
VLAN Configuration for Beginners 175 Figure 35 Simple example: 802.1Q tagged connections To set up the configuration shown in Figure 35: 1 Configure the VLANs on Switch 1 Use the VLAN Setup page of the web interface to define VLAN 2. VLAN 1 is the default VLAN and already exists. Do not add the ports to the VLAN using this screen.
CHAPTER 6: VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS) 3 Add tagged port 26 on Switch 1 Use the VLAN Setup page of the web interface to assign port 26 on Switch 1 to both VLANs 1 and 2 so that all VLAN traffic is passed over the link. 4 Configure the VLANs on Switch 2 Use the VLAN Setup page of the web interface to define VLAN 2. VLAN 1 is the default VLAN and already exists. Do not add the ports to the VLAN using this screen.
VLAN Configuration - Advanced Examples VLAN Configuration Advanced Examples Using 802.1Q Tagged Connections and 802.1Q Learning 177 The examples below describe how you can extend the functionality of simple VLANs to provide more features and functionality within your network. The example shown in Figure 36 shows a network that has endstations that support IEEE 802.1Q and network devices that have 802.1Q learning enabled. The 802.
CHAPTER 6: VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS) To set up the configuration shown in Figure 36: 1 Configure the endstations attached to the left Switch 1100 so that they belong to VLANs 1, 2 and 3. 2 Configure the endstations attached to the right Switch 1100 so that they belong to VLANs 4, 5 and 6. 3 Enable 802.1Q learning on the left Switch 1100 using the 802.1Q VLAN Learning listbox on the Advanced Stack Setup page of the web interface. 4 Enable 802.1Q learning on the right Switch 1100 using the 802.
VLAN Configuration - Advanced Examples 179 b Use the VLAN Setup page of the web interface to place ports 4 and 7 in VLANs 1 and 2 using 802.1Q tagging. c Use the Port Setup page of the web interface to specify that port 26 uses VLT tagging. 2 Connect port 26 on the Switch 1100 to port 1 on the Switch 3000 10/100. Figure 37 Connecting to legacy VLANs using VLTs To configure the Switch 1000, Switch 3000 10/100 and router, refer to the user documentation supplied with them.
CHAPTER 6: VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS)
7 FASTIP FastIP reduces the load on routing devices when VLANs are implemented on your network. This chapter explains more about the concept of FastIP and how it is enabled on your Switch.
CHAPTER 7: FASTIP What is FastIP? FastIP is a system that allows you to use the IEEE 802.1Q VLAN standard to reduce the load on routing devices when VLANs are implemented on your network. Endstations within different VLANs can only communicate using a routing device; if there is a large amount of inter-VLAN traffic, the router can become overloaded and network performance can be affected.
An Example 183 5 Endstation B sends an NHRP packet with its own details back to endstation A. This packet, however, is sent directly through the Switch units and not through the routing device. To do this, endstation B specifies that: ■ The packet is sent to the VLANs that endstation A can receive. ■ The packet has the destination MAC address of endstation A. 6 Endstation A receives the NHRP packet from the endstation B and records the MAC address and VLAN membership of endstation B.
CHAPTER 7: FASTIP Figure 38 Network without FastIP Figure 39 Endstation A sends an NHRP packet to endstation B
An Example Figure 40 Endstation B sends an NHRP packet to endstation A Figure 41 Endstation A sends data packets to endstation B 185
CHAPTER 7: FASTIP FastIP and the Switch Database By default, the Switch Database of a Switch is divided by VLAN — each VLAN has an independent area of the database. With this system, the Switch Database can store an entry for a device in several VLANs at the same time, and the entry for a particular VLAN can be stored against different ports. As an example, Figure 42 illustrates the Switch Database storing an entry for endstation A in VLANs 1, 2 and 3, and the entries are all stored against port 1.
Enabling FastIP 187 When FastIP is used by the Switch, the Switch Database can no longer be divided by VLAN — it must be shared by all the VLANs. Although the VLANs are still operational, this creates two limitations: Enabling FastIP ■ The Switch Database can store an entry for a device in several VLANs at the same time, however, the entries can only be stored against one port (as shown in Figure 42).
CHAPTER 7: FASTIP
8 MULTICAST FILTERING Setting up multicast filtering improves the performance of networks that carry multicast traffic. This chapter explains multicasts, multicast filtering, and how multicast filtering can be implemented on your Switch.
CHAPTER 8: MULTICAST FILTERING What is a Multicast? A multicast is a packet that is sent to a subset of endstations in a LAN, or VLAN, that belong to a multicast group. If the network is set up correctly, a multicast can only be sent to an endstation if it has joined the relevant group.
Multicast Filtering and Your Switch Multicast Filtering and Your Switch 191 Your Switch provides automatic filtering support for two multicast systems: ■ IEEE 802.1p, which uses the GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) ■ IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) In addition, you can manually configure the filtering and forwarding of multicasts using Transcend® Network Management software. IEEE 802.1p Multicast Filtering The IEEE 802.
CHAPTER 8: MULTICAST FILTERING IGMP Multicast Filtering IGMP is the system that all IP-supporting network devices use to register endstations with multicast groups. It can be used on all LANs and VLANs that contain an IP router and other network devices which support IP. IGMP multicast filtering works as follows: 1 The IP router (or querier) periodically sends query packets to all the endstations in the LANs or VLANs that are connected to it.
9 SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL Using the Spanning Tree Protocol makes your network more resilient to link failure and also provides a protection from loops — one of the major causes of broadcast storms. This chapter explains more about the protocol and the protocol features supported by your Switch.
CHAPTER 9: SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL What is STP? Using the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) makes your network more resilient to link failure and also provides a protection from loops — one of the major causes of broadcast storms. STP is a bridge-based system that allows you to implement parallel paths for network traffic and uses a loop-detection process to: ■ Find and disable the less efficient paths (that is, the paths that have a lower bandwidth).
What is STP? 195 Figure 46 Traffic flowing through Bridges C and A Figure 47 Traffic flowing through Bridge B STP determines which is the most efficient path between each bridged segment and a specifically assigned reference point on the network. Once the most efficient path has been determined, all other paths are disabled. Thus, in the example above, STP initially decided that the path through Bridge C was the most efficient, and so blocked the path through Bridge B.
CHAPTER 9: SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL How STP Works STP Requirements Before it can configure the network, the STP system requires the following: ■ Communication between all the bridges. This communication is carried out using Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs), which are transmitted in packets with a known multicast address. ■ Each bridge to have a Bridge Identifier.
How STP Works STP Calculation 197 The first stage in the STP process is the calculation stage. During this stage, each bridge on the network transmits BPDUs that allow the system to work out: ■ The identity of the bridge that is to be the Root Bridge — the central reference point from which the network is configured. ■ The Root Path Costs for each bridge — that is, the cost of the paths from each bridge to the Root Bridge.
CHAPTER 9: SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL An Example Figure 48 shows a LAN that has STP enabled. The LAN has three segments, and each segment is connected using two possible links.
How STP Works STP Configurations 199 ■ Bridge A has the lowest Bridge Identifier in the network, and has therefore been selected as the Root Bridge. ■ Because Bridge A is the Root Bridge, it is also the Designated Bridge for LAN segment A. Port 1 on Bridge A is therefore selected as the Designated Bridge Port for segment A. ■ Port 1 of Bridges B, C, X and Y have been defined as a Root Ports because they are the nearest to the Root Bridge.
CHAPTER 9: SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL Figure 49 STP configurations
Using STP on a Network with Multiple VLANs Using STP on a Network with Multiple VLANs 201 Your Switch does not take into account VLANs when it calculates STP information — the calculations are only performed on the basis of duplicate connections. For this reason, some network configurations can result in VLANs being subdivided into a number of isolated sections by the STP system. Figure 50 shows a network containing VLANs 1 and 2, and they are connected using the 802.
CHAPTER 9: SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL Connecting to STP Systems on Legacy Switch Units If you are connecting your Switch to legacy units that support STP, note the following: ■ Your Switch supports one STP system; however legacy Switch units (for example, the SuperStack II Switch 1000) may support one STP system per VLAN.
10 RMON Using the RMON (Remote Monitoring) capabilities of a Switch allows network administrators to improve their efficiency and reduce the load on their network. This chapter explains more about the RMON concept and the RMON features supported by the Switch.
CHAPTER 10: RMON What is RMON? RMON is the common abbreviation for Remote Monitoring, a system defined by the IETF that allows you to monitor the traffic of LANs or VLANs remotely.
What is RMON? 205 Hosts The Hosts group specifies a table of traffic and error statistics for each host (endstation) on a LAN segment or VLAN. Statistics include packets sent and received, octets sent and received, as well as broadcasts, multicasts, and error packets sent. The group supplies a list of all hosts that have transmitted across the network. The next group, Hosts Top N, requires implementation of the Hosts group.
CHAPTER 10: RMON Benefits of RMON Using the RMON features of your Switch has three main advantages: ■ It improves your efficiency Using RMON probes allows you to remain at one workstation and collect information from widely dispersed LAN segments or VLANs. This means that the time taken to reach a problem site, set up equipment, and begin collecting information is largely eliminated.
RMON and Your Switch RMON and Your Switch 207 Your Switch contains an RMON probe in its management software. Table 10 details the RMON support provided by this probe. Table 10 RMON support supplied by the Switch RMON group Support supplied by the Switch Statistics A new or initialized Switch has one Statistics session per port. History A new or initialized Switch has two History sessions per port.
CHAPTER 10: RMON sessions, the forwarding performance of the Switch is not affected but you may experience slow response times from the web interface. The Alarm Events You can define up to 200 alarms for the Switch. The events that you can define for each alarm are shown in Table 11. Table 11 Alarm Events Event Action No action Notify only Send Trap. Notify and filter port Send Trap. Block broadcast and multicast traffic on the port. Recovers with the unfilter port event.
RMON and Your Switch 209 Table 12 Values for the default alarms Statistic High Threshold Low Threshold Recovery Period Broadcast bandwidth used Value: 20% Value: 10% 20 secs Action: Notify and filter Action: Notify and unfilter Percentage of errors over one minute Value: 20 errors per second Value: 1 error per second 60 secs Action: Set Forwarding Action: Set Forwarding Mode to Store and Mode to Fast Forward Forward The Audit Log The Switch keeps an audit log of all management user session
CHAPTER 10: RMON
PROBLEM SOLVING IV Chapter 11 Problem Solving
11 PROBLEM SOLVING This chapter contains a list of known problems and suggested solutions. It covers the following topics: ■ Solving Web Interface Problems ■ Solving Command Line Interface Problems ■ Solving SNMP Management Software Problems ■ Solving Serial Web Utility Problems ■ Solving Management Software Upgrade Utility Problems ■ Solving Other Problems If you have a problem that is not listed here and you cannot solve it, please contact your local technical support representative.
CHAPTER 11: PROBLEM SOLVING Solving Web Interface Problems The Web browser cannot access the Switch over the network. Check that: ■ The IP information for the Switch is correctly configured. See “Setting Up IP Information” on page 58 or “Specifying IP and SLIP Information” on page 133 for more information. ■ If you are managing the Switch over the network, remote access to the management software of the Switch is enabled.
Solving Web Interface Problems 215 The web interface takes time to respond to commands, and "Document contains no data" messages are displayed. Too many users are accessing the web interface at the same time. We recommend that you allow only three users to access the interface. "URL not found" messages are displayed when the Help or Documentation icons are clicked. The web interface cannot access the online help or online documentation files.
CHAPTER 11: PROBLEM SOLVING To do this for Microsoft Internet Explorer Version 3.0: 1 Start Microsoft Internet Explorer. 2 From the View menu, select Options. 3 The Options dialog box appears. 4 Select the Advanced tab, and in the Advanced property sheet click Settings. 5 Check the Every visit to the page checkbox. 6 Click OK. You forget your password while logged out of the web interface and cannot log in. Ask another user with Security access level to log in and initialize the Switch.
Solving Command Line Interface Problems ■ 217 The settings on your terminal or terminal emulator are correct: ■ 8 data bits ■ no parity ■ 1 stop bit The auto-configuration feature of the Switch only works with line speeds from 1200 to 19,200 baud. ■ If you are managing the Switch over the network: ■ ■ Remote access to the management software of the Switch is enabled. For more information, see “Enabling and Disabling Remote Access” on page 150.
CHAPTER 11: PROBLEM SOLVING You forget your password and cannot log in. Ask another user with Security access level to log in and initialize the Switch. This returns the Switch to its default (factory) settings, including any password information. For more information, see “Initializing All the Units in the Stack” on page 151. In the case where no-one knows a password for a user with Security access level, the Switch needs to be sent back to your supplier so that it can be returned to 3Com.
Solving Serial Web Utility Problems ■ 219 The port through which you are trying to manage the Switch belongs to the Default VLAN (VLAN 1). This is the only VLAN that can be used to access the management software of the Switch. Traps are not received by the SNMP Network Management software. Check that the IP information of the SNMP Network Management software is correctly recorded by the Switch. The SNMP Network Management software can no longer access the Switch.
CHAPTER 11: PROBLEM SOLVING You can change some of the settings for the management workstation using the Advanced Configuration Parameters dialog box. To display this, select the Serial Web Setup program item in the Serial Web program group. Solving Management Software Upgrade Utility Problems An error occurs when the utility attempts to connect through the serial port of the PC. The serial port being used is not the same as the serial port specified in the upgrade command.
Solving Other Problems 221 An error occurs when the utility attempts to transfer the file. There could be a number of reasons for this: Solving Other Problems ■ The null modem cable has become disconnected from the Switch or the PC during the file transfer. Reconnect the cable and start again. ■ Power to the Switch has been disrupted during the file transfer. Check the power connection to the Switch and start again. ■ An incorrect file is being specified and transferred to the Switch.
CHAPTER 11: PROBLEM SOLVING You have specified that an endstation generates traffic that has a high priority, but when it passes through the network this priority information is lost. The endstation is attached to a Switch port using an untagged VLAN connection, and the Switch is removing the priority information when it is forwarded to other untagged ports. To maintain the priority information, specify that all untagged Switch ports use 802.1Q tagging.
Solving Other Problems 223 You have attempted to upgrade several Switch units in a stack using TFTP, and one unit fails to upgrade. Take the following steps: 1 Ensure that the unit has: ■ The IP address 0.0.0.0, or ■ A valid IP address that is in the same subnet as the TFTP server 2 If the unit has the IP address 0.0.0.0, ensure that the stack has a valid IP address that is in the same subnet as the TFTP server. 3 Attempt the upgrade again.
CHAPTER 11: PROBLEM SOLVING
APPENDICES V AND INDEX Chapter A Serial Web Utility Chapter B Management Software Upgrade Utility
A Introduction SERIAL WEB UTILITY If you are using a management workstation running Microsoft Windows® 95/98 and you want to access the web interface through the console port of your Switch, you must use the 3Com Serial Web Utility (SLIP driver) on the CD-ROM supplied with the Switch. You can find the utility in the \win95\drivers\slip\ directory on the CD-ROM.
APPENDIX A: SERIAL WEB UTILITY 4 In the Run dialog box, type drive:\Win95\Drivers\Slip\Setup (where drive is the letter of your CD-ROM drive) and click OK. The installation program starts and checks your system configuration; enter any information that is requested. If the setup program cannot find specific files on your management workstation, it asks you to insert your Windows ‘95 CD-ROM. If it still cannot find the files, you must obtain them directly from Microsoft.
Using the Serial Web Utility 229 6 When you have finished, the final installation dialog box is displayed informing you that the Serial Web Utility has been installed on your management workstation. Click Finish to close the dialog box. 7 You are asked if you want to restart Windows so that it can use the new settings you have configured. You must restart Windows before running the Serial Web Utility.
APPENDIX A: SERIAL WEB UTILITY The connection is complete if the password panel of the Web interface is displayed. You are now ready to manage the Switch or stack; see “Working With the Web Interface” on page 43.
B MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE UPGRADE UTILITY The CD-ROM supplied with your Switch includes a management software upgrade utility that can be used to upgrade the management software of the Switch. The utility should only be used if a previous upgrade has failed, and you are unable to communicate with the Switch using the web interface or command line interface. You can find the utility in the \agent\update\ directory on the CD-ROM.
APPENDIX B: MANAGEMENT S OFTWARE U PGRADE UTILITY c Copy the management software file to the upgrade directory on the hard drive. d Change your directory to the upgrade directory on the hard drive. 5 At the MS-DOS prompt, enter the upgrade command: update is the name of the management software file. Note that the software files have the format s2sxx_yy.bin, where xx_yy is the version number. CAUTION: You must use the s2sxx_yy.bin format, otherwise the upgrade fails.
GLOSSARY 10BASE-T The IEEE specification for 10Mbps Ethernet over Category 3, 4 or 5 twisted pair cable. 100BASE-FX The IEEE specification for 100Mbps Fast Ethernet over fiber-optic cable. 100BASE-TX The IEEE specification for 100Mbps Fast Ethernet over Category 5 twisted-pair cable. 1000BASE-T The IEEE specification for Gigabit Ethernet over Category 5 twisted-pair cable. 1000BASE-SX The IEEE specification for Gigabit Ethernet over a multimode fiber-optic cable.
GLOSSARY bridge A device that interconnects two LANs of a different type to form a single logical network that comprises of two network segments. Bridges learn which endstations are on which network segment by examining the source addresses of packets. They then use this information to forward packets based on their destination address. This process is known as filtering. broadcast A packet sent to all devices on a network.
GLOSSARY filtering flow control full duplex 235 The process of screening a packet for certain characteristics, such as source address, destination address, or protocol. Filtering is used to determine whether traffic is to be forwarded, and can also prevent unauthorized access to a network or network devices. A congestion control mechanism. Congestion is caused by devices sending traffic to already overloaded port on a Switch.
GLOSSARY IETF Internet Engineering Task Force. An organization responsible for providing engineering solutions for TCP/IP networks. In the network management area, this group is responsible for the development of the SNMP protocol. IFM See Intelligent Flow Management. IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol. An IP-based multicast filtering system that allows endstations to register that they would like to receive traffic from certain multicast groups.
GLOSSARY 237 loop An event that occurs when two network devices are connected by more than one path, thereby causing packets to repeatedly cycle around the network and not reach their destination. MAC Media Access Control. A protocol specified by the IEEE for determining which devices have access to a network at any one time. MAC address Media Access Control address; also called hardware or physical address. A layer 2 address associated with a particular network device.
GLOSSARY POST Power On Self Test. An internal test that a Switch carries out when it is powered-up. protocol A set of rules for communication between devices on a network. The rules dictate format, timing, sequencing and error control. repeater A simple device that regenerates LAN traffic so that the transmission distance of that signal can be extended. Repeaters are used to connect two LANs of the same network type.
GLOSSARY 239 stack A group of network devices that are integrated to form a single logical device. standby port The port in a resilient link that takes over data transmission if the main port in the link fails. STP switch Switch Database TCP/IP See Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). A device that interconnects several LANs to form a single logical LAN that comprises of several LAN segments.
GLOSSARY VLAN tagging A system that allows traffic for multiple VLANs to be carried on a single link. VLT Virtual LAN Trunk. A Switch-to-Switch link that carries traffic for all the VLANs on each Switch. WAN Wide Area Network. A communications network that covers a wide area. A WAN can cover a large geographic area, and may contain several LANs within it.
INDEX Symbols ? command 100 Numbers 3Com Contacts icon 49 3Com icon 49 3Com Library icon 49 3Com Support icon 49 3Com World Wide Web site, accessing 49 802.1p Multicast Learning listbox (Advanced Stack Setup page) 78 802.1p Multicast Learning listbox (Port Setup page) 63 802.1Q tagging 166 802.1Q tags, forwarding traffic that contains unknown 168 802.1Q VLAN ID field (Create VLAN page) 84 802.1Q VLAN Learning listbox (Advanced Stack Setup page) 78 802.
INDEX C D Capture (RMON group) 207 CD-ROM 34, 227, 231 Collisions field (Ethernet/Statistics menu) 125 Color Key page 54 color-coding of ports, displaying 54 command area of the command line interface 97 command line interface accessing 96 bridge menu 97 command summary 101 Ethernet menu 97 exiting 96 Feature menu 98 IP menu 98 management 28, 32 map 99 menu description 97 moving the focus of 141 number of simultaneous users 97 SNMP menu 98 solving problems 216 System menu 98 Top-level menu 97 comman
INDEX 243 F I factory defaults 29 Fast Forward forwarding mode 22 FastIP 26, 181 effect on the Switch Database 186 enabling 187 example 183 FastIP listbox (Advanced Stack Setup page) 78 FD Flow Control listbox (Port Setup page) 62 Feature menu 98 Filter (RMON group) 205, 207 find command (Bridge/Port/Address menu) 110 flow control 23 Flow Control listbox (Console Port Configuration page) 67 flowControl command (Ethernet menu) 123 Forwarding Mode listbox (Advanced Stack Setup page) 76 forwarding modes 21
INDEX J Jabbers field (Ethernet/Statistics menu) 125 L learned SDB entries 73 Link State field (Port Setup page) 61 list command (Bridge/MulticastFiltering/RouterPort menu) 108 list command (Bridge/Port/Address menu) 111 Local ID listbox (Create VLAN page) 84 Location field (System/Display menu) 143 Location field (Unit Status page) 56 Location page 69 location, specifying 142 logging in as a default user 39 logout command 96 M MAC address adding to a bridge port 110 displaying for the associated po
INDEX page area of the web interface 48, 50 making changes in 53 navigating 52 Pair State column (Resilient Links page) 80 password command (System menu) 147 password dialog 44 Password Setting page 68 passwords changing 68, 147 default 39 entering 45, 47 of default users 39 path costs.
INDEX roving analysis 28, 87 displaying information via CLI 127 enabling 88 ports, defining 87 removing via CLI 128 setting up via CLI 127 start data monitoring via CLI 128 stop data monitoring via CLI 129 Roving Analysis Setup page 86 Roving Analysis State listbox (Roving Analysis Setup page) 88 S SDB. See Switch Database security 24 Security listbox (Port Setup page) 64 Select Action Type listbox (Switch Database page) 74 Select menu option prompt 97 Serial Line Interface Protocol.
INDEX subnet mask 39 Subnet Mask field (IP Setup page) 58 subnets 39 sub-networks.
INDEX VLANs (continued) IEEE 802.
