Pilot’s Guide KLN 89 KLN 89B Bendix/King® GPS Navigation Systems ORS 01/02 N
WARNING Prior to export of this document, review for export license requirement is needed. COPYRIGHT NOTICE Copyright ©1997-2002 Honeywell International Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction of this publication or any portion thereof by any means without the express written permission of Honeywell International Inc. is prohibited. For further information contact the Manager, Technical Publications; Honeywell; One Technology Center; 23500 West 105th Street; Olathe, Kansas 66061. Telephone: (913) 782-0400.
KLN 89/89B Pilot’s Guide 006-08786-0000 for KLN 89 and KLN 89B with Operational Revision Status ORS 01 and 02 IMPORTANT: Special installation procedures must be followed in order for the KLN 89B to be certified for IFR En route, Terminal and Non-precision Approach use. If these procedures are followed, the KLN 89B can be used for IFR use. Consult the KLN 89B Flight Manual Supplement for the operating limitations of this unit.
IMPORTANT: This Pilot’s Guide covers both the KLN 89 (VFR only) and KLN 89B (IFR approved for Enroute, Terminal, and Non-precision Approach phases of flight). There are numerous places throughout this guide which discuss features and operational characteristics which specifically apply to KLN 89B, and not to KLN 89. These parts of the Pilot’s Guide refer specifically to KLN 89B, and often are marked with a double dagger symbol (‡). Likewise, chapter 5, “Approaches and SID/STARs” applies only to KLN 89B.
Revision History and Instructions Manual KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Revision 5, September 2002 Part Number 006-08786-0000 This revision contains the following changes: Changed AlliedSignal to Honeywell throughout. Editorial Corrections: Inside Front Cover, Title Page, R-1 through R-4, 3-26, 3-56, 4-11, 4-37 Back Cover Database Change: Database Card, 2-0, 2-1, 2-6, 3-6 SET 2 Corrections: 3-9, 3-60, 3-61, 4-47 Misc.
Revision History and Instructions Manual KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Revision 4, May 1998 Part Number 006-08786-0000 This revision contains the following changes: Text corrections to pages 3-64, 3-66, 4-47, and B-5. Figure 3-196 changed to show new software numbering display and the addition of the database number. Added statements explaining the double dagger (‡) symbol to pages B-1 and C-1. Added more description to APT, CAL, NAV, OTH and SET page listings in the index.
Revision History and Instructions Manual KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Revision 3, March 1997 Part Number 006-08786-0000 This revision corrects a typographic error on page 4-47.
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KLN89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide INTRODUCTION Table of Contents .........................................................................i KLN 89(B) SNEAK PREVIEW .......................................................ii HOW-TO INDEX .......................................................................iv 1. KLN 89(B) SYSTEM COMPONENTS ....................................1-1 2. DATA BASE .....................................................................2-1 2.1. Data Basics ..............................
Table of Contents 3.9. Direct to Operation .......................................................3-32 3.9.1. Initiating a Direct To ...........................................3-33 3.9.2. Cancelling a Direct To ........................................3-35 3.9.3. Waypoint Alerting for Direct To Operation .........3-35 3.10. Navigation Pages .......................................................3-36 3.10.1. The Navigation 1 (NAV 1) Page .......................3-36 3.10.2. The Navigation 2 (NAV 2) Page ......
KLN89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Table of Contents 3.14.2. Viewing and Deleting User Waypoints and Waypoint Remarks ..........................................3-64 3.14.2.1. The OTH 4 Page......................................3-65 3.14.2.2. The OTH 5 Page......................................3-65 3.14.3. Viewing the KLN 89(B) Software Status (the OTH 6 page) ............................................3-66 3.15. Remote Mounted Annunciators .................................3-66 3.16.
Table of Contents 4.5.2. The Calculator 2 (CAL 2) Page ..........................4-23 4.5.3. The Calculator 3 (CAL 3) Page ..........................4-25 4.5.4. The Calculator 4 (CAL 4) Page ..........................4-26 4.5.3. The Calculator 5 (CAL 5) Page ..........................4-27 4.5.6. The Calculator 6 (CAL 6) Page ..........................4-27 4.5.7. The Calculator 7 (CAL 7) Page ..........................4-28 4.5.8. The Calculator 8 (CAL 8) Page ...........................4-29 4.6.
KLN89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Table of Contents 5.1.3. Changing Or Deleting An Approach Once Loaded Into The Flight Plan ..............................5-9 5.1.4. Example Approach: No Procedure Turn ...........5-10 5.1.5. Example Approach: Off-Airport Navaid .............5-14 5.1.6. Example Approach: Radar Vectors ...................5-18 5.1.7. Example Approach: On-Airport Navaid .............5-19 5.1.8. Example Approach: DME Arc ...........................5-22 5.1.9. Approach Problems ......................
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KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Introduction INTRODUCTION Congratulations for choosing the Bendix/King KLN 89 or KLN 89B GPS! Celestial navigation will now be a way of life for you. The phenomenal accuracy of GPS, along with the KLN 89(B)’s user-friendly operation and graphics display will make flying a delight.
Introduction KLN 89(B) SNEAK PREVIEW If you absolutely can’t wait to use your KLN 89(B) until you’ve read this Pilot’s Guide, this section is for you. This page will teach you just enough to get going and then learn by doing. This operational preview assumes the KLN 89(B) has been properly installed, the unit was previously operational in the same general geographical location, and that no peripheral equipment interfaced with the KLN 89(B) (such as external HSIs, CDIs, autopilots, moving map display, etc.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Introduction 6. The next page displayed will probably be a page showing the VHF communication frequencies for the airport you are at. For now, use the right outer knob to turn to the NAV page type (watch the lower left corner of the screen and the small bar at the bottom to know when you are there). Then use the right inner knob to select the NAV 2 page if not already there. The NAV 2 page shows your present position relative to a nearby VOR.
Introduction HOW-TO INDEX This index will help you quickly find important procedures at a glance. The list is alphabetized by action words. TO: SEE PAGE: Activate a waypoint in OBS mode without changing the selected course ...............................................................................4-40 Activate one of the previously created numbered flight plans..........4-4 Add a waypoint to a flight plan ..........................................................
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Introduction TO: SEE PAGE: Create a flight plan ............................................................................4-2 Create a user-defined waypoint at your present position ...............4-31 Create a user-defined waypoint using the radial/distance method 4-33 Create a user-defined waypoint with latitude/longitude..................4-32 Cycle between distance and desired track display on a numbered flight plan page .................................................
Introduction TO: SEE PAGE: Select a waypoint by scanning with the cursor off..........................3-23 Select a waypoint by scanning with the cursor on..........................3-23 Select an airport by scanning the airport name ..............................3-25 ‡Select and load an approach into the active flight plan (FPL 0).....5-5 Set the alarm ...................................................................................4-26 Set the date on the SET 2 page ....................................
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HDG GS GS OR NAV APR APR BC BC PC NAV OBS TEST AP AP ENG N ı N A V FR TO 3 CDI 33 GS 33 N 3 KI 206 21 HDG 15 3 RC ALT HDG ALT RMI S S RN 12 21 KC 193 N 15 N HSI 33 NAV 15 S YD 33 OR 21 GS ı KI 525A ı AUTOPILOT UP DN D F 30 A 6 E 12 NAV 12 NAV S GPS KLN 89 TSO CRSR A D F E OTH KLAX 15 22 66 SET 6 FPL 6 NAV A D F E REMOTE ANNUNCIATORS KNI 582 WPT ALERT MESSAGE REMOTE SWITCH/ ANNUNCIATOR KI 229 ı 3 ACT 12 USR PULL SCAN E IN
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide System Components A basic KLN 89(B) system consists of a panel mounted KLN 89(B) GPS and a KA 92 GPS antenna. An altitude input is required to obtain full navigation and operational capabilities. Additional system components may be added or interfaced to the KLN 89(B) which increase its features and capabilities. Some of these optional components include an external course deviation indicator (CDI) or horizontal situation indicator (HSI), autopilot, and external annunciators.
System Components Chapter 1 System Components Each KLN 89(B) system includes a configuration module which is attached to the KLN 89(B) mounting rack. The module allows the KLN 89(B) to be configured for the unique characteristics of your equipment installation. Parameters that are set by the configuration module include: • ‡ Whether the KLN 89B may be used for IFR operations or not, and if it may be used for non-precision approach IFR operations. KLN 89 may only be used for VFR navigation.
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USA CANADA PACIFIC LATIN AM SOUTH AM EUROPE AFRICA EAST EUR MID EAST PACIFIC SOUTH PAC 75° 60° 45° 30° 15° 0° 15° 30° 45° 60° Pacific Data Base coverage area Figure 2-1 KLN 89(B) Data Base Geographical Region 75° 60° 45° 30° 15° SOUTH PAC Atlantic Data Base coverage area Overlap in Pacific & Atlantic Data Base coverage areas 2-0 0° 15° 30° 45° 60° Americas South Data Base coverage area 165°150° 135° 120°105° 90° 75° 60° 45° 30° 15° 0° 15° 30° 45° 60° 75° 90° 105° 120°135° 150° 165°180°
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Data Base 2. DATA BASE 2.1. DATA BASICS The second function of the data base is that it serves as a very convenient means to store and easily access aeronautical information. Want to know the name of the airport, the nearest city, or the airport elevation? Just unleash the power of the KLN 89(B) and display the information right on the screen. ‡Thirdly, the KLN 89B data base stores non-precision approaches in their proper sequence.
Data Base Chapter 2 Data Base The following is a listing of the KLN 89(B) data base contents: AIRPORTS Identifier Name City, State or Country Use type (if heliports, military, or private) Latitude and Longitude Elevation Runway numbers, lengths, surfaces, and lighting Fuel availability Approach types available (precision, non-precision, or none) Radar approach/departure environment Time difference relative to UTC.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Data Base VORs Identifier Name Frequency Latitude and Longitude Magnetic variation Intersections (low altitude, high altitude, SID/STAR, approach, and outer markers) Identifier Latitude and Longitude ‡SID/STAR/Approach Procedures (KLN 89B only) All compatible pilot-nav SID/STAR procedures Non-precision approaches (except localizer, LDA (Localizer Directional Aid), SDF (Simplified Directional Facility)) approved for GPS overlay use. Includes all public GPS-only approaches.
Data Base 2.3. ICAO IDENTIFIERS Data Base Chapter 2 Waypoints are stored in the KLN 89(B) database almost exclusively by their ICAO identifiers. ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) is an internationally accepted reference for the data. In almost all cases the proper ICAO identifiers may be taken directly from Jeppesen-Sanderson or NOS aeronautical charts. Airport identifiers in the contiguous United States, Alaska, and Canada are special cases in the ICAO system.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Data Base ‡Additionally, by FAA regulation, you are required to have a current data base in order to use the KLN 89B for a non-precision approach. The second method of data base update is to remove the old card and insert a current card. This method involves returning the old card to Honeywell. Every 28 days, Honeywell receives new NavData™ information from Jeppesen Sanderson. This information is processed and downloaded onto both diskettes and data base cards.
Data Base Data Base Chapter 2 CAUTION: The data base must be updated only while the aircraft is on the ground. The KLN 89(B) does not perform any navigation function while the data base is being updated. Since a data base update takes approximately 5 minutes it is a good idea to turn off all electrical equipment on the aircraft except for the KLN 89(B) to avoid running down the aircraft battery.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Data Base knob to select the SET 3 page (figure 2-2). NOTE: The database key is shown on the SET 3 page for ORS 02 software only. 5. Press B. Update Pub DB? will now be flashing as in figure 2-3. NOTE: In step 6, repeatedly pressing E will terminate the update process and bring the display back to the original SET 3 page shown in figure 2-2. 7. Press F to acknowledge the estimated load time and begin the erasing of the existing data base.
Data Base Data Base Chapter 2 tion or the computer, the KLN 89(B) will display Data Loader Not Ready. When the problem is corrected this prompt is removed and the update operation can continue from where it left off. • If an internal test fails after the data has been loaded, the KLN 89(B) will display Checksum Error, Data Base Invalid. Press F to acknowledge.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Data Base 2.6. DATA BASE UPDATE SERVICE OPTIONS The following tear-out page can be used for ordering Americas, Atlantic, and Pacific data base update services from Honeywell. The forms may be mailed or FAXed for your convenience.
CURSOR BUTTON DATA CARD G KLN 89B TSO ëî.
Basic GPS Operation 3-0
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 3. BASIC GPS OPERATION 3.1. COVERAGE AREA The KLN 89(B) was designed to provide worldwide navigation coverage from North 74° latitude to South 60° Latitude (figure 3-2). Outside this area, magnetic variation must be manually entered as discussed in section 4.10, “Operation Outside the Primary Coverage Area”. See section 2.2 for the data base geographical regions.
Basic GPS Operation To turn on and initialize the KLN 89(B): 1. Turn on the KLN 89(B) by turning the small power knob clockwise. The Power-On page (figure 3-3) will be displayed for a few KLN 89 GPS ORS 01 seconds. During this time, the Self-Test in Progress ©1995 AlliedSignal KLN 89(B) performs an extensive Avionics, Inc. internal test.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation The distance field in the upper left corner always displays 34.5 nm (or 63.9 km). If the KLN 89(B) is interfaced to a compatible indicator that displays DME distance, the indicator should be displaying 34.5 nautical miles. If the KLN 89(B) is interfaced with a NAV indicator such as an HSI or a course deviation indicator (CDI), the deviation bar (Dbar) should be indicating a half scale deviation to the right. The TO/FROM indicator should be showing FROM.
Basic GPS Operation Basic GPS Operation Chapter 3 cally updated very precisely when at least one satellite is being received. However, if for some reason the date or time are incorrect, it is necessary to enter the correct date or time so that the KLN 89(B) can reach the navigation mode quickly. The date should be correct and the time should be correct within ten minutes so that the KLN 89(B) will start looking for the correct satellites.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation You will be able to change the time zone any time you desire on several other pages, so don’t worry if you’re not sure which time zone to choose. UTC—Coordinated Universal Time (also called “Zulu”) is always a safe choice. The local time zone (LCL) is selected on the SET 2 page, and is defined to be a certain time offset from Zulu (UTC).
Basic GPS Operation Chapter 3 Basic GPS Operation 7. To aid the GPS receiver in acquiring your position, it helps to have a reasonable idea of where you are, and the Initialization page is where you have the chance to set this initial position. Check to see if the displayed initial position is where you actually are. This latitude/longitude is the last known position before the power was shut down the last time. Unless the unit has been moved since its last use, this position should be correct.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation KLN 89(B) will still function with an out of date data base; however, you must exercise extreme caution and always verify that the data base information is correct before using information from an out-of-date data base. Press F to acknowledge the information on the Data Base page. ‡NOTE: In some installations, KLN 89B is configured for use in IFR En route and Terminal operations, but not for non-precision approaches.
Basic GPS Operation Basic GPS Operation Chapter 3 Next, you’ll probably want to check the NAV 2 page to see your present position. Use the right outer knob to select the NAV page type and then the right inner knob, if necessary, to select the NAV 2 page. It is quite --.-nm| >PRESENT POSN likely that the present position will be ------| Leg| Ref: ----dashed at first (figure 3-23).
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation meters (km) and kilometers/hour (k/h). Changing any of the units of measure only affects the information displayed on the unit. It does not affect any of the data output by the unit. The brightness of the display is controlled by a photocell on the KLN 89(B) front panel. The brighter the light level, the brighter the display will be. The minimum (nighttime) brightness is set at the factory to a level that is appropriate for most installation.
Basic GPS Operation Basic GPS Operation Chapter 3 NOTE: For purposes of this Pilot’s Guide, many of the screen illustrations do not show actual navigation data in this area as in figure 3-29. In these cases, the displayed data is not relevant to the discussion of the KLN 89(B)’s operation. åå.ånm| KISM åååååå|KISSIMMEE MUN Leg|ORLANDO APT 1 |FL APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 3-29 åå.ånm| ZBV 116.70 åååååå|BIMINI # Leg| N 25°42.10' VOR 1 | W 79°17.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation mation associated with a particular page number doesn’t fit on the page being viewed. In this case the “+” sign indicates that there are two or more APT 5 pages. Figure 3-33 shows the second APT 5 page for KICT (Wichita Mid-Continent Airport). åå.ånm| KICT åååååå|TWR Leg|UNIC APT+5 |CL C APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT 118.20 122.95 126.70 NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 3-33 The lower left corner of the display, åå.
Basic GPS Operation 3.4.1. PAGE SELECTION It is now time to learn to select a desired page. NOTE: The cursor function is not used in selecting pages and the B button should not be pressed at this time. If CRSR is annunciated in the lower left corner of the display, press the B button to turn the cursor function off. The right outer knob is rotated to select one of eleven page types for the display.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation Therefore, turning the right outer TURN knob three clicks clockwise will get åå.ånm| ANTICIPATION you to the SET pages (figure 3-37). åååååå| Leg| ENABLED The annunciator bar and the page SET 4 | labels work kind of like a map to get APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH you from one page type to another. Figure 3-37 The page type selection wraps around from Other (OTH) to Airport (APT); that is, the knob has no mechanical stops.
Basic GPS Operation 2. If required, rotate the right outer knob to position the cursor (figure 3-40). 3. Rotate the right inner knob to select the first character of the waypoint identifier (figure 3-41). 4. Turn the right outer knob one click clockwise to move the cursor to the second character position (figure 3-42). Basic GPS Operation Chapter 3 5. Rotate the right inner knob to select the second character (figure 3-43). 6.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 89(B) uses ICAO identifiers, which means that many U.S. airport identifiers begin with the letter K. Also, many airport identifiers in Europe begin with the letter E or the letter L. Especially when flying VFR, you will mostly want to enter Direct To or Flight Plan waypoints which are airports.
Basic GPS Operation types (APT, VOR, NDB, INT, USR) and the associated countries which use the identifier. To see an example of a Duplicate Waypoint page, try entering the identifier “D” as a Direct To waypoint or a Flight Plan Waypoint: 1. Press D. Basic GPS Operation Chapter 3 2. Select the letter “D” as the waypoint identifier (figure 3-51). D is the full identifier of several waypoints in the KLN 89(B) data base. åå.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 3.4.4. CYCLIC FIELDS On many of the KLN 89(B) pages, åå.ånm| AUS there are cyclic fields, which are pre- åååååå|Mag Var E 7° Leg| ceded by a carat (>). A cyclic field is VOR 2 |>135°To 13.3nm one that you as the pilot can select APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH from two or more options. For examFigure 3-55 ple, in figure 3-55, the field >135°To (magnetic bearing to Austin VOR) is a cyclic field.
Basic GPS Operation To view a message: 1. Press the C button. The MSG page will appear and show the new message (figure 3-61). *Data Base Outdated All Data Must be Confirmed Before Use APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 3-61 NOTE: It is possible that several messages are displayed at one time on the Message page. The newest message appears first and the rest in reverse chronological order. 2. After reading the message, press C again to return to the page previously in view.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation not being blocked. If possible, position the aircraft away from hangars or other obstructions. To initialize the position from the SET 1 page: 1. If the cursor is not on the screen (figure 3-62), press the B button to bring it on the page over the INIT POS field (figure 3-63). åå.ånm|INIT POS: åååååå| N 51°12.00' Leg| W115°51.11' SET 1 | APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH 2.
Basic GPS Operation 3. Once you have entered the complete identifier, press F. The display will change to the waypoint page for the waypoint you entered (figure 3-65). åå.ånm| CYYC 3560ft åååååå|CALGARY INTL # Leg|CALGARY APT 1 |AB APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 3-65 4. If this is the waypoint you intended to enter, press F again. The display will change back to the SET 1 page.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 3.7. SELECTING AND SCANNING WAYPOINTS There are five types of waypoints: airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, and user waypoints. Waypoints in the published data base fall into one of the first four types. You can create up to 500 user waypoints to supplement the waypoints in the data base (see section 4.2.1 to create a user waypoint). There are three methods you may use to select a specific waypoint for viewing.
Basic GPS Operation base which matches what you’ve entered so far (in this case, Hall Airport in Kaufman, Texas). Go ahead and experiment a little bit. åå.ånm| KOHJ 90ft åååååå|ELLIS Leg|JACKSONVILLE *CRSR*|NC APT 4. Use the right outer knob to move the cursor to the second character and select an “O” (figure 3-71). 5. Use the same process to select an “R” and then a “D” (figure 3-72). You are now viewing the APT 1 page for KORD. VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 3-71 åå.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 3.7.3. SELECTING WAYPOINTS BY SCANNING You may also select waypoints by scanning through them. This may be done with the cursor either on or off. To select a waypoint by scanning with the cursor off: 1. Select the page type for the waypoint you are looking for (APT, VOR, NDB, INT or USR). 2. Pull the right inner knob to the “out” position. 3.
Basic GPS Operation 5. Use the right inner knob to leaf through all the data base airports whose identifiers begin with KL. You will see KL6, Little Bear Lake Airport in Saskatchewan (figure 378), and KLAS, McCarran International in Las Vegas, Nevada among others. åå.ånm| KL6 2100ft åååååå|LITTLE BEAR LK Leg|LITTLE BEAR LK *CRSR*|SK APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 3-78 Basic GPS Operation Chapter 3 3.7.4.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 5. Move the cursor one space to the right and select the second character, “A” (figure 3-82). 6. Select the third character, “P” (figure 3-83). Up pops Napoleon and its identifier, ANX! 7. Turn off the cursor (B) so you can view other pages. åå.ånm| ABB 112.40 åååååå|NABB Leg| N 38°35.33' *CRSR*| W 85°38.16' APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 3-82 åå.ånm| ANX 114.00 åååååå|NAPOLEON Leg| N 39°05.73' *CRSR*| W 94°07.
Basic GPS Operation inner knob in and turning it, you can leaf through the remainder of the pages for La Guardia. NOTE: This same method may be used with the name of the city where the airport is located. Basic GPS Operation Chapter 3 There are a few changes made to names in order to accommodate the KLN 89(B) display and to make the names easier to find. 1. Names which are too long to fit on the display are abbreviated.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide APT VOR NDB INT USR SUA FSS CTR Basic GPS Operation Airports VORs NDBs Intersections User-defined waypoints Special Use Airspaces Flight Service Station Frequencies Center Frequencies To select the desired nearest function, use the right inner knob to move the cursor to the desired selection and press F. Notice that the cursor is initially over the APT field, so you may press G then press F immediately to access the nearest airports. åå.
Basic GPS Operation only be reached by scanning backwards. It does not wrap around after the last waypoint in the complete list. Waypoint pages displayed in the nearest list do not contain a latitude and longitude position as they do in the complete list. Instead, the bearing and distance to the waypoint (or the radial and distance from the waypoint) are displayed. In addition, nearest airport pages display the length, surface, and lighting of the longest runway.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 3.8.1.2 Continuous Display of Nearest Airport When the nearest airport page is initially displayed, “1” is displayed in the upper right hand corner of the page to designate this airport as the nearest airport. However, if you continue to fly along your flight plan with this page selected, the same airport will be displayed and its position in the nearest airport list will change from 1 to 2, 3, 4 ...
Basic GPS Operation Training Area Warning Area Terminal Radar Service Area TRNG WARN TRSA The nearest special use airspace feature is constantly keeping track of the åå.ånm|KANSAS CITY B 1 five nearest areas of SUA. Pressing åååååå|CL Leg| Below 8000ft the G button and selecting the SUA SUA 1 | 012° Ç 9.3nm option will display the SUA 1 page for APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH the nearest SUA to your location, Figure 3-93 including those which you are inside (figure 3-93). Turn to section 3.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation page (airport communications) for the primary airport so that the correct communications frequency may be determined. To scan through the remainder of the nearest SUA areas, pull the right inner knob to the “out” position and turn it clockwise to view the SUA pages for the second nearest through fifth nearest SUAs. NOTE: The KLN 89(B) displays the five nearest SUAs regardless of your present altitude and the altitude limits of the SUA.
Basic GPS Operation 3.8.4. Viewing the Nearest Center Frequencies The KLN 89(B) also stores in its data base the low altitude boundaries of åå.ånm|LOS ANGELES CTR 118.55 each of the ARTCC “Centers”. The åååååå| 132.85 KLN 89(B) determines the proper CTRLeg| | Center to contact and the appropriate APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH frequencies to use for the aircraft’s Figure 3-98 present position. Pressing the G button and selecting the CTR option will display this information to you (figure 3-98).
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation If none of the conditions above are occurring, then: 4. When D is pressed, the waypoint identifier for the current active waypoint will be displayed. ‡However, if the KLN 89B’s active waypoint is the Missed Approach Point and the aircraft has flown past the MAP, then the KLN 89B will display the first waypoint of the missed approach procedure on the Direct To page. If there is no active waypoint when D is pressed, then: 5.
Basic GPS Operation 5. Use right outer and inner knobs as in the previous steps until the desired identifier is completely displayed (figure 3-104). åå.ånm| DIRECT TO: åååååå|« # Leg| KCAD « *CRSR*| APT 6. Press F to display the waypoint page for the selected waypoint (figure 3-105). Basic GPS Operation Chapter 3 7. Press F again to approve the displayed waypoint page. The screen will change to the NAV 1 page, and the selected waypoint will now be the active Direct To waypoint (figure 3-106).
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation If you get off course and wish to recenter the left/right deviation bar (D-Bar) to proceed to the same waypoint, use the following procedure. To recenter the D-Bar by going direct to the active waypoint: 1. Select a non-waypoint page (NAV, FPL, CAL, SET, or OTH) on the screen. 2. Press D. The Direct To page is displayed on the left, containing the active waypoint identifier. 3. Press F.
Basic GPS Operation 3.10. NAVIGATION PAGES As you would expect, the NAV (navigation) pages contain information relating specifically to the KLN 89(B)’s navigation capabilities. The KLN 89(B) has four NAV pages. The procedure for selecting specific pages, including the NAV pages, was described in section 3.4.1, “Page Selection”. 3.10.1. THE NAVIGATION 1 (NAV 1) PAGE Basic GPS Operation Chapter 3 The NAV 1 page is the primary navigation display, and is shown in figure 3-110.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation right of the center triangle indicates the aircraft is two nautical miles to the left of course (figure 3-113). The center triangle also serves as KAUG åå.ånm| KBGR ∆ KAUG åååååå|> ªªªª∑∏π∫ªªª >Leg|DTK 232° TK 233° NAV 1 |>234°To 0:10 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 3-113 2N M KBGR åå.
Basic GPS Operation Line 3: Magnetic desired track, and magnetic actual track (see Appendix A for navigation terms). In normal on-course flight, it is desirable to steer the aircraft to keep these two numbers equal. Basic GPS Operation Chapter 3 Line 4: A cyclic field which can display either bearing to the active waypoint (To), radial from the active waypoint (Fr), or the VNAV status, which will either by Off, Armed, time until VNAV begins, or the suggested VNAV altitude (see section 4.4).
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 3.10.2. THE NAVIGATION 2 (NAV 2) PAGE The NAV 2 pages in figures 3-119 and 3-120 display the aircraft’s present position in one of two formats. The first line is a cyclic field which allows you to toggle between formats. When the NAV 2 page is first displayed, it defaults to present position in terms of the radial and distance from a nearby VOR. You can change the reference waypoint from the nearby VOR to any waypoint. åå.
Basic GPS Operation 3.10.3. THE NAVIGATION 3 (NAV 3) PAGE The Navigation (NAV) 3 page shows you several important times pertaining to your flight (figure 3-123). åå.ånm|Time CDT åååååå|Depart Leg|ETA KIXD NAV 2 |Flight 1605 1343 1710 2:22 Line 1: The current system time zone APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 3-123 and time. The time zone may be changed by turning the cursor (B) on over it and turning the right inner knob.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation The left side of the screen displays the distance to go, active waypoint identifier, and mode annunciation (either Leg, or the OBS selected course), just like it usually would, but the fourth line is a cyclic field for which you may select: Magnetic Desired Track (degrees) DTK123 Groundspeed (knots or kilometers/hour) 123kt Estimated Time Enroute (hours:minutes) 1:23 ∆ Crosstrack Correction 1.
Basic GPS Operation When you are navigating with a flight plan (see section 4.2), the NAV 4 page displays the waypoints of the active flight plan (FPL 0) with their waypoint identifiers (figure 3-125). Course lines connect the flight plan waypoints. íò.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation ∆ ëó.ñnm|SUA:off OMN% %ORL SGJ |VOR:offGJ KORL { Leg|APT:off % %" >117kt|TK « KJAX APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 3-130 ∆ ëó.ñnm|SUA:off OMN% %ORL SGJ |VOR:offGJ KORL { Leg|APT:off % %! >117kt|DTK « KJAX APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 3-131 ëó.
Basic GPS Operation NOTE: Only the outer lateral boundaries are displayed for Class B, Class C, CTA, and TMA airspace. The actual SUA may have different lateral limits (i.e. smaller) depending on your present altitude. Basic GPS Operation Chapter 3 In the same manner, the nearest VORs and/or airports may be selected by first using the right outer knob to move the cursor over the ëó.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation • Press E to instantly declutter the SUA, VOR, and airport selections from the graphics display. Flight plan and Direct To waypoints will still be displayed. Press E again to restore the selections. CAUTION: The NAV 4 page does not display weather, terrain, or other data. 3.11. WAYPOINT PAGES NOTE: Each of the waypoint page types includes a cyclic field which displays present magnetic bearing to or magnetic heading from the waypoint.
Basic GPS Operation PRIVATE if it is a private use airport. If the airport is being viewed as part of the nearest airports list (see section 3.8.1, “Viewing the Nearest Waypoints”), the APT 1 page format will differ as follows (see figure 3-138): åå.ånm| KLIT 3 260ft åååååå|ADAMS Leg| 7200ft HRD L APT 1 |>103°To 14.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation Line 3: The State if the airport is located in the U.S., the Province if located in Canada, or the country if outside the U.S. and Canada. A listing of the abbreviations used for States, Provinces, and countries is contained in Appendix D. The right side of line 3 displays HELIPORT, MILITARY, or PRIVATE as appropriate. Line 4: The magnetic bearing to or the magnetic radial from the airport and the distance.
Basic GPS Operation If the airport has a GPS non-precision approach included in the KLN 89B data base, GPS will also be displayed on line 4. The lower right corner will display (R) if the airport has an approach/departure radar environment. 3.11.1.4. The Airport 4 (APT 4) Page See figure 3-142 åå.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation Runway lighting Abbreviations: L Sunset to sunrise LPC Pilot controlled lighting LPT Part-time or on-request lighting Lines 3-4: Runway information for the next shortest runway (if any), in the same format as lines 1 and 2. In the event that there is no runway information for an airport, the following message is displayed on the APT 4 page: *No Runway Data 3.11.1.5. The Airport 5 (APT 5) Page See figure 3-143. APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT 125.65 118.
Basic GPS Operation RDO RDR TMA TWR UNIC radio radar-only frequency terminal area (VFR frequency used outside the U.S.) control tower unicom Part-time operation, such as for a control tower, is indicated with an asterisk (*) to the right of an airport frequency. Basic GPS Operation Chapter 3 The frequencies associated with class B or C airspace, CTA or TMA are VFR frequencies. Airports which have one of these categories of frequencies also have APR and DEP which are IFR frequencies.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation To enter an airport remark on the APT 6 page: 1. Turn on the cursor and move it until the cursor fills line 2 of the screen (figure 3-146). 2. With the right inner knob, select the desired character, if any, and move the cursor to the next character on the line (figure 3-147). 3. Repeat step 2 as necessary. 4. Press F to approve each line of remarks. The cursor will automatically move to the next line (see figure 3-148).
Basic GPS Operation ‡3.11.1.8. The Airport 8 (APT 8) Page (KLN 89B only) See figure 3-152. The APT 8 page specifies the nonprecision IAPs (Instrument Approach Procedures) available for the airport. Remember that the desired approach must be in the published data base in order to be used by KLN 89B. If there are no approaches for this airport in the data base then this page will be as shown in figure 3-153. To read more about selecting a non-precision approach, see section 5.1.1.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 3.11.2. VOR PAGES Two pages of information may be displayed for each VOR in the KLN 89(B). Sample VOR pages are shown in figures 3-154 through 3-156. åå.ånm| MEX 117.00 åååååå|MEXICO CITY Leg| N 19°26.22' VOR 1 | W 99°04.17' 3.11.2.1. The VOR 1 Page See figure 3-154. APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Line 1: The VOR identifier, preceded Figure 3-154 by an arrow if it is the active waypoint.
Basic GPS Operation 3.11.3. NDB PAGES Two pages of information may be displayed for each NDB in the KLN 89(B). Sample NDB pages are shown in figures 3-157 through 3-159. 3.11.3.1. The NDB 1 Page See figure 3-157. Line 1: The NDB identifier, preceded by an arrow if it is the active waypoint. To the right of the identifier is the frequency of the NDB in kilohertz. åå.ånm| DFI 246 åååååå|DEFIANCE Leg| N 41°20.07' NDB 1 | W 84°25.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 3.11.4. INTERSECTION PAGES The Intersection pages contain low altitude, high altitude, approach, and SID/STAR intersections as well as outer markers and outer compass locators. The Intersection pages for waypoint ELVIS (figures 3-160 and 3-161) are used as an example of what is displayed for Intersection pages 3.11.4.1. The Intersection 1 (INT 1) Page See figure 3-160. Line 1: The intersection identifier, preceded by an arrow if it is the active waypoint.
Basic GPS Operation 3.11.5. USER WAYPOINT PAGES The User waypoint pages (USR 0, USR 1, USR 2, and USR 3) allow you to create “custom” waypoints for use in navigation. A crop sprayer might want to create a waypoint on a field that is sprayed regularly, for instance. Another candidate might be a small airport which is not included in the KLN 89(B) database. To learn how to create a user-defined waypoint, see section 4.6. 3.11.5.1. The User 0 (USR 0) Page See figure 3-162.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation nearest VOR to the user waypoint. The reference waypoint may be changed by the pilot. However, once you leave this page and come back, the reference waypoint reverts back to a nearby VOR. Line 3: The magnetic radial from the reference waypoint to the user waypoint. Line 4: The distance from the reference waypoint to the user waypoint. 3.11.5.4. The User 3 (USR 3) Page See figure 3-165.
Basic GPS Operation 3.12. ALTITUDE PAGES The ALT (altitude) pages are used to control and display most of the altitude-related functions of the KLN 89(B), including minimum safe altitudes and vertical navigation (VNAV). The ALT pages are accessed by pressing the A button. The first time the A button is pressed, the ALT 1 page is displayed (figure 3-169). If the A button is pressed again while the ALT 1 page is displayed, the display changes to the ALT åå.ånm| BARO: 29.95" 2 page.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide 2. Basic GPS Operation Use the right inner knob to update the altimeter baro setting (figure 3171). Line 3 displays the Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA) åå.ånm| åååååå| Leg| *CRSR*| APT VOR NDB INT BARO: 30.12" MSA ESA USR ACT 3200ft 5600ft NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 3-171 IMPORTANT: The minimum safe altitude displayed is the altitude defined by Jeppesen as “Grid Minimum Off-Route Altitude (Grid MORA)”.
Basic GPS Operation the OBS mode, the minimum enroute safe altitude is the highest MSA sector altitude from the present position to the active waypoint. WARNING: The MSA and ESA altitudes displayed are advisory in nature only. They should not be relied upon as the sole source of obstacle and terrain avoidance information. Refer to current aeronautical charts for appropriate minimum clearance altitudes. Basic GPS Operation Chapter 3 3.13.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 6. Repeat step 5 for the ones digit of the year field. 7. Press F to start the KLN 89(B) using the newly entered date (figure 3-177). åå.ånm|DATE 08 DEC 0 åååååå|TIME 1536:22 MST # Leg| Mountain Std *CRSR*|Mag Var: >Auto APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 3-176 To set the time on the SET 2 page: 1. Select the SET 2 page if it is not already selected. 2. Turn on the cursor and move it to the time zone field (figure 3-178). 4.
Basic GPS Operation 3.14. THE OTHER (OTH) PAGES 3.14.1. DETERMINING THE STATUS OF THE GPS SIGNALS Basic GPS Operation Chapter 3 The Other (OTH) 1 and OTH 2 pages may be viewed at any time to determine the status of the GPS receiver and the GPS satellites being received.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation In the initialization state the GPS receiver is in the process of initializing itself, collecting information such as the date, time, and last present position. Next, the receiver collects data from its own memory to determine which satellites should be visible. After completing the initialization process the receiver begins the acquisition process. During this time, the visible satellites are being acquired and data is obtained from them.
Basic GPS Operation • The specific GPS satellites or “space vehicles” (SV) being received are displayed in the left column. Each satellite has its own identification number. A * symbol to the right of the satellite number indicates this particular satellite is not presently being tracked by the receiver. Basic GPS Operation Chapter 3 NOTE: At some times, you may desire to deselect certain satellites if you know them to be inaccurate, so that they are not used to determine the GPS position.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 3.14.2.1.The OTH 4 Page An example of an OTH 4 page is shown in figure 3-188. All currently stored user-defined waypoints are listed in alphanumeric order. If the user-defined waypoint is the active waypoint, an arrow ( ∆) follows the identifier. If the waypoint is used in one or more flight plans, then the number of the first flight plan in which it is used is displayed on the right side.
Basic GPS Operation point is an airport, then an “A” is displayed on the right side; likewise, a “U” represents a user-defined waypoint. If there are more than three waypoints, you can see the rest of the list by turning on the cursor (B) and turning the right outer knob to scroll through the list. To delete a waypoint remark from the OTH 5 page: 1. Turn on the cursor and position it over the desired waypoint (figure 3-194).
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation In addition, there may be a NAV/GPS switch/annunciator to switch a CDI or HSI indicator’s navigation source between the KLN 89(B) and a VOR/ILS system, and a GPS APR switch/annunciator which allows display and control of the KLN 89B approach modes (see section 5.1). 3.16 AVIONICS BUS VOLTAGE ALERTING The SET 10 page serves as a monitor of your avionics power bus.
Basic GPS Operation Handbook to troubleshoot the problem. You may desire to turn off some of the aircraft's electrical devices which are non-essential for your particular phase(s) of flight, so that the battery will not discharge as quickly. Appropriate alert voltage and alert delays will vary from aircraft to aircraft. If your KLN 89(B) is frequently giving you this alert message, it may become a nuisance, and you may desire to have your Honeywell Service Center adjust the voltage alert parameters.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation NOTE: In addition to the message page messages that alert you to special use airspace, the KLN 89(B) can also display the five nearest areas of SUA. It will even give you the direction and distance to the nearest edge of the SUA. See section 3.8.2 for more details. The SUA alert feature is three dimensional.
Basic GPS Operation occur if the aircraft is within approximately two nautical miles of one of these areas even if the aircraft’s projected track over the ground won’t actually penetrate the SUA area (figure 3-203). If one of the SUA areas is penetrated, another message will state: Inside SUA. 2 MILES 10 MIN Basic GPS Operation Chapter 3 Figure 3-203 The SUA alert feature may be disabled (or enabled) on the Setup 7 (SET 7) page, shown in figure 3-204. Select the SET 7 page, turn on the åå.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation CAUTION: It is the pilot’s responsibility to avoid those areas of special use airspace where ATC clearance to penetrate is required but has not been obtained. The KLN 89(B)’s special use airspace alert is only a tool to assist the pilot and should never be relied upon as the sole means of avoiding these areas. ‡NOTE: Special Use Airspace alerting is disabled when the KLN 89B is in the approach arm or approach active modes. 3.
Basic GPS Operation (KAUS) by using the right inner knob to select the characters and the right outer knob to move the flashing part of the cursor to the desired cursor location. 7. Press F. The APT 1 page for Mueller Municipal is now displayed on the screen. 8. Press F again to approve the waypoint page. The NAV 1 page is now displayed. The NAV 1 page indicates it is 384 nautical miles to Austin and that the bearing is 225 degrees.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 5. For the majority of the en route portion of the flight, you select the NAV 4 page’s moving map display. Pressing the right B button, you select the 30 nautical mile range scale using the right inner knob. Moving the cursor to Menu? And pressing F brings up the display menu on the screen. You then use the right knobs to select APT:on and SUA:on so that nearby airports and special use airspace (SUA) are shown on the moving map display.
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KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 4. ADVANCED GPS OPERATION 4.1. CREATING AND MODIFYING FLIGHT PLANS The following rules and considerations apply to KLN 89(B) flight plans: The KLN 89(B) is capable of storing in its memory 25 flight plans plus an active flight plan. • Each of the flight plans may contain up to 20 waypoints. The waypoints may consist of any combination of published waypoints from the data base or user created waypoints.
Advanced GPS Operation To create a flight plan: 1. Select the flight plan (FPL) pages with the right outer knob. 2. Select a flight plan page (preferably other than FPL 0) which does not contain a flight plan (figure 4-1). If all of the flight plan pages contain flight plans, refer to section 4.1.6, “Deleting Flight Plans”. åå.ånm|Copy FPL 0? åååååå|« 1: >Dis Leg| «« FPL 7 | APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 4-1 3. Turn on the cursor (B).
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 8. Press F again to approve the waypoint page being displayed. The cursor will move automatically to the second waypoint position (figure 4-5). åå.ånm|Use? Inverted? åååååå| 1:KNEW >Dis Leg| 2: «« *CRSR*| APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 4-5 NOTE: A small number of waypoints are stored in the data base as “fly-over” waypoints. These waypoints are associated with SID/STAR procedures.
Advanced GPS Operation 4.1.2. VIEWING DISTANCE AND DESIRED TRACK BETWEEN STORED FLIGHT PLAN WAYPOINTS The stored flight plan (FPL 1-25) pages have a field to the right of each waypoint in the flight plan. This field may be used to display the cumulative distance (Dis) to each waypoint or the magnetic desired track (Dtk) from the previous waypoint. If you have more than three waypoints in the stored flight plan, you may wish to view flight data for waypoints which are not displayed on the screen.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 3. Press F to activate the flight plan in the order shown (figure 4-12). To activate the flight plan in inverse order (first waypoint becomes last and last waypoint becomes first), rotate the outer knob one step clockwise to position the cursor over Use? Inverted? before pressing F. The result is shown in figure 4-13.
Advanced GPS Operation 4. Complete the waypoint entry operation (figure 4-16). NOTE: If adding a waypoint or waypoints (such as adding SID/STAR/ Approach procedures) would exceed the capacity of FPL 0, KLN 89(B) will notify you that it is deleting waypoints from the beginning of FPL 0 to make room for the addition. åå.ånm|Use? Inverted? åååååå| 1:KNEW >Dis # Leg| 2:GPT ---*CRSR*| 8:KPIE ---APT 6. Press F again to approve the waypoint page (figure 4-18).
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide 4.1.6. Advanced GPS Operation DELETING FLIGHT PLANS To delete a flight plan which is no longer required: 1. Display the flight plan (FPL 0, FPL 1, . . ., or FPL 25) which is to be cleared (figure 4-22). 2. Make sure that the cursor is turned off, and use the B button if it is not. 3. Press E. The words Delete FPL? will appear at the top of the page (figure 4-23). If a mistake was made and you do not wish to clear this flight plan, press E again. 4.
Advanced GPS Operation 4. Press F to load the active flight plan into this numbered flight plan (figure 4-27). åå.ånm|Use? Inverted? åååååå| 1:KORL >Dis Leg| 2:KATL 344 FPL 7 | 4:KIXD 977 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 4-27 4.2. OPERATING FROM THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN 4.2.1. GENERAL PROCEDURES Advanced GPS Operation Chapter 4 Everything you have learned in this Pilot’s Guide thus far is applicable to using the KLN 89(B) for flight plan operation.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation to cancel the Direct To operation and operate from the active flight plan, press D, E, and then F. • As flight plan waypoints are reached, the active leg symbol automatically shifts to the next leg. • If the flight plan contains more waypoints than can be displayed on the screen at one time, the page will automatically scroll as progress is made along the flight plan so that the active leg is always displayed (figure 4-31). • åå.
Advanced GPS Operation Approximately 20 seconds prior to the beginning of turn anticipation, the arrow preceding the active waypoint identifier will begin flashing on the FPL 0 page and on any Navigation page or waypoint page displaying the active waypoint identifier (figures 4-34 and 4-35). This is called “waypoint alerting”. If an external waypoint alert annunciator is mounted in the aircraft, this annunciator will begin flashing at the same time. åå.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide 4.2.3. Advanced GPS Operation VIEWING THE WAYPOINT PAGES FOR THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN WAYPOINTS The waypoint pages for each of the åå.ånm|∆ 6 KPIH 4450ft waypoints in the active flight plan may åååååå|POCATELLO REGL Leg|POCATELLO be easily displayed by selecting the ACT 1 |ID Active (ACT) Waypoint page type. APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH When the ACT page type is first Figure 4-38 selected, the waypoint page for the active waypoint will be displayed (fig5 PIH 112.
Advanced GPS Operation common to receive vectors in the terminal area and then be given a clearance direct to the first point in the flight plan that was filed. The KLN 89(B), as an advisory navigation source, makes this kind of operation very easy to accomplish.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide 4.2.5. Advanced GPS Operation VIEWING DISTANCE, ETE, ETA, OR DESIRED TRACK TO FLIGHT PLAN WAYPOINTS The active flight plan (FPL 0) page has a data field to the right of each waypoint in the flight plan.
Advanced GPS Operation NOTE: When the KLN 89(B) is in OBS mode, the FPL 0 page will present OBS selected course (OBS) as an option instead of magnetic desired track (Dtk). The selected course will be displayed to the right of åå.ånm|≤ 1:KZZV >OBS 2:APE 270° the active waypoint, and the OBS åååååå|≥ 270| 3:DQN ---fields for all other waypoints will be *CRSR*| 5:KIND ---APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH dashed (figure 4-51). Figure 4-51 4.3.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 3. If necessary, adjust the altitude alert audio volume by moving the cursor to the Volume: field. Use the left inner knob to select a desired volume between 00 and 99. The larger the number, the louder the volume (figure 4-54). åå.ånm| Altitude åååååå| Alert: ON « Leg| Warn: ±300ft *CRSR*| Volume: 03 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 4-54 4. Press A .
Advanced GPS Operation 9.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide 4.4. Advanced GPS Operation ADVISORY VNAV OPERATION The KLN 89(B)’s advisory vertical navigation (VNAV) feature allows you to program a descent or ascent path, and then provides you with an advisory altitude to fly that will provide guidance along the vertical path. For example, you can program the VNAV to provide descent guidance so that you arrive at your active waypoint or a waypoint in the active flight plan at an altitude that you specify.
Advanced GPS Operation 2. The cursor should be on and over the selected altitude field on the right side of line 2. If the cursor is not on, press B. 3. Enter the desired altitude of 1900 feet in the selected altitude field, using the right inner knob. The altitude may be entered in 100 foot or 10 meter increments (figure 4-60). åå.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation desired vertical speed is reached, position the cursor over the vertical speed field and VNAV will commence. When VNAV begins, the top of the page displays an advisory altitude. Descending at the vertical speed displayed on line 4 should keep you very close to the VNAV advisory altitude, but you may need to make slight adjustments to stay right on pace.
Advanced GPS Operation Additionally, you may force the VNAV into “Inactive” status by changing the vertical speed to +0000fpm. To reactivate VNAV after changing a parameter, simply move the cursor to the vertical speed field, or select the new desired vertical speed. If you make a change to the groundspeed during the time VNAV is active, VNAV will remain active, and a new vertical speed will be calculated and displayed.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 4. This field displays bearing to active waypoint, radial from active waypoint, or VNAV status. Press the E button until the VNAV status is displayed (figure 4-67). Turn off the cursor. îî.ênm| ∂∆ KDBQ 158kt|> ªªªª∑ºπªªªª >Leg|DTK 094° TK 093° NAV 1 |>Vnv 6100 0:17 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 4-67 The NAV 1 page will now display VNAV status until you change the page configuration to display something else.
Advanced GPS Operation To calculate distance, bearing, time , and ESA from waypoint to waypoint: 1. From the CAL 1 page (figure 468), turn on the cursor (B). It will appear over a cyclic field that either displays Wpt (waypoint to waypoint) or Fpl (flight plan). 2. For this type of calculation, the cyclic field should display Wpt. Press E to toggle if this is not the case (figure 4-69). åå.ånm|>Fpl: åååååå| Leg|643nm CAL 1 |138kt APT 4. Enter the desired identifier for the "from" waypoint and press F.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation To calculate distance, time and ESA for a flight plan: 1. From the CAL 1 page, turn on the cursor (B). It will appear over a cyclic field that either displays Wpt (waypoint to waypoint) or Fpl (flight plan). 2. For this type of calculation, the cyclic field should display Fpl. Press E to toggle if this is not the case. 3. Turn the right outer knob clockwise to place the cursor over the flight plan number.
Advanced GPS Operation 3. Turn the right outer knob clockwise to move the cursor to the "from" waypoint in the upper right corner of the screen (figure 4-75). åå.ånm|>Wpt Fr>KDPA « åååååå|127kt To>KSUS « Leg|FF:010 Res:005 *CRSR*|Fuel Req 23 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 4-75 4. Enter the desired identifier for the "from" waypoint and press F. The waypoint page for the identifier you just entered will be displayed. If it is the correct one, press F again.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation To calculate fuel requirements for a flight plan: 1. From the CAL 2 page, turn on the cursor (B). It will appear over a cyclic field that either displays Wpt (waypoint to waypoint) or Fpl (flight plan). 2. For this type of calculation, the cyclic field should display Fpl. Press E to toggle if this is not the case. 3. Turn the right outer knob clockwise to place the cursor over the flight plan number.
Advanced GPS Operation To set the alarm: 1. Turn on the cursor (B). If necessary, change the system time zone to the desired one on line 1 of the CAL 3 page. 2. To set the alarm to activate at a certain time, more the cursor to the at: field on line 2. Select the desired hours, and then minutes åå.ånm|Time CST 1436 (figure 4-83).
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide 4.5.5. Advanced GPS Operation THE CALCULATOR 5 (CAL 5) PAGE The CAL 5 page is used to determine density altitude. To calculate the density altitude: 1. Turn on the cursor (B). 2. The pressure altitude (Prs) displayed will be either the last entered pressure altitude on this page, or the last calculated pressure altitude from the CAL 4 page. If you desire to change it, åå.
Advanced GPS Operation knob (figure 4-89). If the calibrated airspeed isn’t known, use the indicated airspeed. For most aircraft the difference between the calibrated airspeed and the indicated airspeed is small at cruise airspeeds. åå.ånm|CAS: åååååå|Prs: Leg|Temp: *CRSR*|TAS APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT 130kt 05500ft 006°C 141kt NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 4-89 Advanced GPS Operation Chapter 4 3.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 2. Enter the aircraft’s true airspeed by using the right inner knob (figure 4-91). If the CAL 6 page was previously used to calculate true airspeed, it will already be displayed. åå.ånm|TAS: 136kt åååååå|Hdg: 090° Leg|Headwind 018kt *CRSR*|110 True 020kt APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 4-91 3. Use the right outer knob to move åå.
Advanced GPS Operation example, the waypoint shown could be KLAX and the time zone may be Eastern Standard Time (EST) Make sure you select the appropriate time zone for the displayed waypoint. 2. Turn on the cursor (B). 3. If desired, select another waypoint identifier using the right inner and outer knobs. Press F to view the waypoint page for the waypoint entered. Press F again to approve the waypoint page (figure 4-94). 4. If desired, select another date using the right inner and outer knobs.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation To delete a user-defined waypoint that is no longer needed, see section 3.14.2, "Viewing and Deleting User Waypoints and Waypoint Remarks". 4.6.1. CREATING A WAYPOINT AT YOUR PRESENT POSITION Creating a waypoint at your present position is the simplest possible way to create a user-defined waypoint. This is nice for "remembering" a spot you are at.
Advanced GPS Operation NOTE: Another way to create a userdefined waypoint at your present position is to select the USR pages, spell out the identifier letter by letter (see next section), and then select the Present Pos? option (figure 4-102) and press F. 4.6.2. åå.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 5. Press F. The display will change to a format like figure 4-107. åå.ånm| FARM« åååååå| _ __°__.__' Leg| ____°__.__' *CRSR*|>---°To ----nm APT 6. Use the right inner knob to select N for north or S for south (figure 4-108). 7. Use the right outer knob to move the cursor, and the right inner knob to select the proper numbers to complete the latitude entry (figure 4-109). 8. Press F. The cursor will move to the longitude field. 9.
Advanced GPS Operation knob changes the character and the right outer knob moves the cursor around. 3. Spell out the rest of the identifier using the right inner and outer knobs (figure 4-112). 4. Move the cursor down to the third line, over User Pos R/D? (figure 4-113). 5. Press F. The display will change to a format like figure 4-114 with the cursor over the reference waypoint field. 6. Use the right inner and outer knobs to select the identifier of the desired reference waypoint (figure 4-115). 7.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 4.7. NAVIGATION MODES The KLN 89(B) allows you to choose how the course to the active waypoint is defined. This is done by selecting between the two course modes, LEG and OBS. The LEG mode means that the course to the active waypoint is selected by the KLN 89(B), and is the default mode when the KLN 89(B) starts up. The other course mode, OBS, is the mode that allows you to select the course to or from the active waypoint.
Advanced GPS Operation 2. Navigation is provided along the great circle path between two waypoints. As you probably know, great circle navigation is the shortest distance between two points located on the earth's surface. In the case of Direct To operation, the "from" waypoint is not displayed but it is the point where Direct To operation was initiated. The course to fly while in this mode is referred to as the desired track (Dtk).
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 3. The course selection is normally made by changing the selected course displayed on an external indicator such as an HSI or CDI. When this is done, the pilot must verify that the proper course has been selected by confirming the digital selected course readout displayed on the KLN 89(B). In the OBS mode the selected course is always displayed as part of the mode annunciation on line 3 of the left side of the KLN 89(B) screen.
Advanced GPS Operation 6. When the active waypoint is a VOR, and the AUTO magnetic variation mode is active (see section 4.10), the published magnetic variation for the VOR is utilized rather than the calculated magnetic variation, so that the KLN 89(B) indication will be identical to a NAV receiver indication. 4.7.4. SWITCHING FROM THE LEG MODE TO THE OBS MODE The following mode transition occurs if the KLN 89(B) is in the Leg mode and the mode is changed to the OBS mode.: 1.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation the Leg mode, unless the mode change was made on the “from” side in which case the KLN 89(B) will calculate the correct desired track for the new leg. 3. With the exception of #2 above, the characteristics of normal Direct To operation apply. 4. If the active waypoint was part of the active flight plan (FPL 0), the system will revert to normal flight plan operation once the active waypoint is reached. 4.7.6.
Advanced GPS Operation To activate a waypoint in OBS mode without changing the selected course: 1. Press D (figure 4-125). The rules described in section 3.8, "Direct To Operation", dictate which waypoint identifier will be initially displayed on the Direct To page. 2. Press D a second time. The annunciation DIRECT TO changes to ACTIVATE (figure 4-126). Repeated presses of D cause the annunciation to alternate between DIRECT TO and ACTIVATE. Make sure ACTIVATE is displayed. 3.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 3. Press the E button until this line changes to the CDI scale field (figure 4-129). 4. Rotate the right inner knob to select the desired CDI scale factor (figure 4-130). The valid choices are 5.0 NM, 1.0 NM, and 0.3 NM or 9.3 km, 1.9 km, and .56 km. 5. If desired, you may press E to switch the display back to the graphical CDI. åå.ånm| ∆ GQE« åååååå|>CDI Scale:5.
Advanced GPS Operation CAUTION: The KLN 89(B) fuel calculations are based on the present rate of fuel flow, the present groundspeed, the present distance to destination along the programmed route, and the amount of fuel presently remaining. Before take-off, the fuel flow computer must be properly initialized with the amount of fuel on board (FOB) the aircraft. For some Shadin fuel computers without display units, you may enter the initial FOB during the KLN 89(B) Turn-on and Self Test (see section 3.2).
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation the KLN 89(B) is interfaced with a compatible Shadin fuel flow computer, it is possible to define the fuel on board by using the KLN 89(B). In these installations it is not required to have the fuel flow computer’s control head installed in the aircraft. To change the present fuel on board: 1. Select the first OTH 7 page and turn on the cursor B. 2.
Advanced GPS Operation • The endurance in hours and minutes. The endurance is calculated based on the amount of fuel remaining after subtracting out the reserve you entered on the OTH 7 or the OTH 8 page from the present fuel on board. • The range, which is the distance (nautical miles or kilometers) that could be flown based on the endurance calculated above and the present groundspeed.
KLN 89(B) Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation NOTE: Heading information inputs to the KLN 89(B) must be in a format which is different than available from most mechanical compass systems, including the Bendix/King KCS 55A (KI 525A HSI with bootstrap heading synchro) and KCS 305 compass systems. However, the compatible Shadin air data system will convert three wire analog heading information from these mechanical systems into the proper format.
Advanced GPS Operation 4.9.2. THE OTHER 12 (OTH 12) PAGE Without a fuel management system this becomes the OTH 8 page. The following information is displayed (figure 4-141): åå.ånm|SAT åååååå|TAT Leg|Prs OTH 12|Den APT VOR NDB INT USR 5°C 8°C 8700ft 9500ft ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 4-141 SAT Static air temperature (the actual temperature of the surrounding air mass). TAT Total air temperature (the air temperature including heat rise due to compressibility.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation procedure, the magnetic variation for the published approach will be used and the follwing message will be displayed: *Mag Var for Published Approach Being Used Also, when the unit is in the OBS mode and the active waypoint is a VOR, the magnetic variation associated with the VOR station willl be used and the following message will be displayed: *Mag Var for Published VOR Being Used NOTE: A user-entered magnetic variation will not be retained if power is
Advanced GPS Operation 4.11. USING THE TAKE-HOME MODE It is very likely that the KLN 89(B) will become your "best friend" in the cockpit. As with any good friend, you may need some time to get wellacquainted. This will allow you to utilize it to the maximum extent. A great way to get to know the KLN 89(B) is to use it outside the airplane, using what we call the "take-home mode".
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs 5. APPROACHES AND SID/STARS (KLN 89B ONLY) This is the last chapter on the operation of the KLN 89(B). In this chapter you will learn how to use the KLN 89B for non-precision approach and SID/STAR procedures. Note that only KLN 89Bs which are configured for IFR approaches are capable of performing the procedures discussed in this chapter.
Approaches and SID/STARs NOTE: There are some approach procedures in the world that are not suited for the operational characteristics of the KLN 89B. These procedures are not included in the data base. Therefore it is not possible to use the KLN 89B for these approaches. It is good preflight practice ensure that the KLN 89B contains anticipated procedures for the flight. In addition to the two course modes (Leg and OBS) described in section 4.7, there are also two approach modes.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Load approach into flight plan Approaches and SID/STARs (A) CDI Scale Factor ±5.0 nm (B) Approach automatically arms when within 30 nm of the airport and an approach is loaded into the active flight plan 30 nm CDI Scale Factor changing from ±1.0 nm to ±0.3 nm Approach Arm CDI Scale Factor ±1.
Approaches and SID/STARs 4. Transition to the approach active mode. This mode change is automatic and occurs at position C in figure 5-1 when: • the aircraft is 2 NM from the FAF and the approach mode is armed • the LEG mode is selected • the aircraft is heading towards the FAF • the FAF or a co-located IAF/FAF is the active waypoint • the KLN 89B confirms that adequate integrity monitoring is available to complete the approach.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs 5.1.1. SELECTING AN APPROACH The first item in the list from the previous section is to select and load the approach into the active flight plan. Approaches are selected from the APT 8 (or ACT 8) page of the airport for which you desire to shoot the approach. If you are operating from a flight plan, the easiest way to get to the approach information is by turning to the ACT page for your destination as described in section 4.2.3.
Approaches and SID/STARs In many cases ATC will not tell you explicitly which IAF to use. In these cases you need to select an IAF which is closest to the route of flight that you expect. If you expect radar vectors, then the selection of the correct IAF is less important because you will be given vectors to the FAF and will not need to use the IAF. 6. The KLN 89B next presents a list of waypoints that make up the approach. Review these waypoints to make sure that you have selected the correct IAF.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs Examine the flight plan and delete those en route waypoints that are not necessary. NOTE: Approaches can only be entered into FPL 0, the active flight plan. If the KLN 89B is turned off for more than 5 minutes, then the approach is deleted when power is turned back on. 5.1.2. INTERPRETING WHAT YOU SEE In the example above, you may have noticed a couple of waypoints with somewhat strange names.
Approaches and SID/STARs VOR. DME arcs greater than 26 NM will have waypoints where the first two characters are the first two letters of the DME identifier. The next three characters will be the radial that the arc way point is on. In the rules above x and yyy are defined as follows. For runways with only one approach, x will be replaced with an “A” or a “F”. For runways that have multiple approaches, x will be replaced with “V” for VOR, “N” for NDB, or “R” for RNAV.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs the KLN 89B will not automatically sequence past the waypoint that precedes the fence. The waypoint before the fence is always the missed approach point. The reason that waypoint sequencing is not allowed is that many missed approach procedures require specific actions before going to the missed approach holding point (e.g., climbing on a fixed heading until reaching an altitude). 5.1.3.
Approaches and SID/STARs will remove the entire approach procedure from the active flight plan. If the KLN 89B was in the approach arm or the approach active mode, then deleting the approach will cause the KLN 89B to change back to en route mode. This means that the CDI scale factor will change back to the default ±5.0 NM scale. 5.1.4.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs 3. As you approach ELMOO, the KLN 89B will provide waypoint alerting on the external annunciator as well as on the screen of the KLN 89B. Once you pass ELMOO, the KLN 89B will automatically sequence to the next waypoint in the approach, LAX18.
Approaches and SID/STARs 4. This may be a good time to select the NAV 4 page. This page is especially useful for getting a feeling of where you are in the approach (figure 5-13). LAX18% ì.ónm| LAX18 | Leg| >´162|5 APT VOR NDB INT % FITON " USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 5-13 5. As the aircraft approaches the LAX18 waypoint, the KLN 89B will again provide waypoint alerting.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs 9. The KLN 89B will again provide waypoint alerting as you approach MA25B. This is shown on the NAV 4 page by a flashing active waypoint identifier (figure 5-15). ê.ìnm| MA25B | Leg| >´249|3 APT VOR NDB INT % MA25B " USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 5-15 The following steps would need to be performed if a missed approach is required. 11. Upon reaching MA25B and not seeing the runway you decide to perform a missed approach.
Approaches and SID/STARs 5.1.5. EXAMPLE APPROACH: OFF-AIRPORT NAVAID Approaches and SID/STARs Chapter 5 An approach that is quite common is an approach that is based off of an off-airport navaid. An example of this is the VOR RWY 22 approach to Clovis New Mexico Municipal airport, KCVN. To fly this procedure as published use the following steps and refer to figure 516 for the procedure.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs approaching from the Northeast going Direct-to the Clovis airport with no active flight plan. 1. Load the approach into the flight plan as described in section 5.1.1. In this case there is only one IAF so the KLN 89B does not present the option for you to select an IAF. In this example, there is no active flight plan to begin with so the KLN 89B will ask to add the approach to FPL 0. 2.
Approaches and SID/STARs 4. If a course reversal is required, then upon reaching TXO perform the appropriate holding pattern entry and set the inbound course on the external CDI or HSI. In this example the inbound course is 241°. At this point the KLN 89B works very similar to a conventional VOR/DME. 5. Once established on the inbound course of 241°, switch back to the Leg mode. When Leg mode is selected the FAF is automatically made the active waypoint when the IAF and the FAF are at the same waypoint.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs when D is pressed. This is the desired waypoint so press F to confirm the waypoint and proceed direct to the VOR. NOTE: If ATC gives you instructions for a missed approach that are different from the published missed approach procedure, it is always possible for you to select a different direct to waypoint than the default direct to waypoint. 10.
Approaches and SID/STARs 5.1.6. EXAMPLE APPROACH: RADAR VECTORS For this example we will use the same approach that was used in the previous section except this approach will be conducted with the help of radar vectors from approach control. The aircraft will be assumed to be arriving from the West, although this does not change the way the approach will be flown using the KLN 89B. 1.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs 5.1.7. EXAMPLE APPROACH: ON-AIRPORT NAVAID Another common type of approach is an approach that is based on an on-airport navaid. These could be either VOR or NDB approaches. An example of this type of approach is the VOR RWY 24 approach to Bowman airport in Louisville, Kentucky (Figure 5-19). The airport identifier for this airport is KLOU.
Approaches and SID/STARs For this example assume that the aircraft is approaching KLOU from the Nabb VOR. 1. After passing the Nabb VOR, you are told to expect the VOR 24 approach at KLOU. You load the approach using the procedure described in section 5.1.1. 2. When the distance from the present position to the destination airport reaches 30 NM, the KLN 89B will automatically arm the approach mode. The CDI scale factor will transition to ±1.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs factor change. This makes the transition more abrupt. If the switch from OBS to Leg is delayed too long it will not be possible for the KLN 89B to change to the approach active mode. 7. When the aircraft is 2 NM from the FAF, the KLN 89B will verify that the proper GPS integrity is available. If integrity monitoring is available for the approach, then the KLN 89B will change to the Approach Active mode.
Approaches and SID/STARs 5.1.8. EXAMPLE APPROACH: DME ARC DME arc procedures with the KLN 89B are completely different from using traditional VOR and DME equipment. Don’t worry though because DME arc procedures using the KLN 89B are also easier than using traditional equipment. This is because the KLN 89B provides left/right guidance around the arc.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs Figure 5-22 íê.ínm| VOR 12 KOWA KOWA | 1 D011Li # Leg| 5 FOWh *CRSR*| ADD TO FPL 0? APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 5-23 NOTE: If the present radial from the reference VOR is outside of the defined arc, then the KLN 89B will default to the beginning of the arc. 5-23 Approaches and SID/STARs Chapter 5 the approach into the flight plan (figure 5-23). This waypoint is named using the same convention discussed earlier.
Approaches and SID/STARs CAUTION: The KLN 89B does not take into account the geometry of the active flight plan when determining the arc intercept point. This point is defined solely on the present radial and the defined arc distance from the reference VOR. For this reason it is better to delay selecting approaches that contain DME arcs until the aircraft is closer to the destination. 4. With the cursor over ADD TO FPL 0?, Press F.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs • From either page press E. This will change the waypoint to read MOVE? (figure 5-25). If it is desired to recompute the arc intercept point then press F. If a new arc ì.ênm| intercept point is not desired D011Li| % D011L Leg| then press E again.
Approaches and SID/STARs NOTE: Autopilot performance may not be satisfactory if coupled in the NAV mode while flying the arc. Many autopilots were never designed to fly curved paths. If autopilot performance is not satisfactory while flying DME arcs, select the HDG mode and keep changing the heading bug to keep the D-bar centered. 12. As the aircraft approaches the end of the arc, the KLN 89B will provide waypoint alerting and turn anticipation to the next leg. 13.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs NOTE: If another attempt at the approach is desired after holding, it is necessary to manually change the active waypoint. When the FAF and the missed approach holding point are at the same place then the KLN 89B will automatically change the active waypoint to the FAF when you change from OBS to LEG. Make sure to make this change as soon as possible to ensure you get into the approach active mode. 5.1.9.
Approaches and SID/STARs To perform a manual RAIM calculation: 1. Turn the left outer and inner knobs to select the OTH 3 page. 2. Press B. The cursor will be over the RAIM @Dest field. 3. Enter the desired waypoint identifier by using the inner and outer knobs just like you do for any other waypoint entry. 4. Once the desired waypoint identifier is entered (figure 5-27), press F. Press F again if the waypoint information is correct. åå.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs 89B will FLAG the navigation solution and a missed approach will have to be flown. The KLN 89B will provide the following message: *Press GPS APR For NAV This message is telling you to cancel the approach mode by pressing the external switch/annunciator. This will change the unit to the approach-arm mode and navigation information will be restored. 5.2.
Approaches and SID/STARs SID and STAR procedures are defined in three parts. The parts are the SID or STAR name (e.g., PORTE9), a transition (e.g., Fellows), and a runway specific component (e.g., RW 01L). The APT 7 pages lead you through the selection process. 5.2.1. SELECTING A SID Use the following procedure to select a SID. Some steps may not be necessary depending on the procedure that you wish to fly. For this example, the PORTE NINE departure from San Francisco International (KSFO) will be used.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs 5. The last bit of information needed to define this SID is the transition. This example uses the Fellows transition. To select the Fellows transition, move the cursor down to FLW (figure 5-35) and press F. 6. The KLN 89B now presents a list of waypoints that make up the SID. Review these waypoints if desired. If the waypoints look correct then press F with the cursor over ADD TO FPL 0? to load the SID into the active flight plan (figure 5-36). åå.
Approaches and SID/STARs 3. Turn the cursor on by pressing the B, and, if necessary, rotate the right outer knob until the flashing cursor is over the desired STAR. With the cursor over AQN4 (figure 5-39), press F. 4. The KLN 89B will now ask which transition you want to use. For this example select INK (figure 540) and press F. åå.ånm| KDFW STAR åååååå| 1 AQN4 « # Leg| 2 BOIDS4 *CRSR*| 4 SCY6 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH Figure 5-39 åå.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs lished procedure. To help you differentiate between approaches (no adding or deleting waypoints allowed) and SID or STAR procedures (adding and deleting waypoints allowed) the waypoint number has a period (.) next to it instead of a blank space. The period also differentiates a SID or STAR waypoint from a “regular” waypoint that has a colon (:) next to the waypoint number. To add an individual waypoint in the SID or STAR procedure: 1.
Approaches and SID/STARs 3. With the cursor over the procedure header, press F to change the SID or STAR or press E and then F to delete the entire procedure. NOTE: Any waypoints manually added to a SID or STAR will be deleted if the SID or STAR is changed or deleted using the above procedure. 5.2.4. EXAMPLE OF A SID PROCEDURE To illustrate the use of the KLN 89B with a SID, the Porte Nine departure loaded into the flight plan in section 5.2.1 will be used.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs 5-35 Approaches and SID/STARs Chapter 5 Figure 5-43
Approaches and SID/STARs 6. Before reaching PORTE, change back to the Leg mode to enable automatic waypoint sequencing. Once the aircraft reaches PORTE the KLN 89B will automatically sequence to the next waypoint, PESCA. 7. After passing PESCA, the procedure calls for a 090° heading until intercepting the 116° course to WAGES intersection. To do this with the KLN 89B, change back to the OBS mode and make sure that WAGES is the active waypoint. Set the selected course to 116°. 8.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs 4. Turn to the FPL 0 page and delete the following waypoints: MARKUM, BRYAR, HULEN, FLATO, and CREEK. To do this turn on the cursor and rotate the right outer knob until the cursor is over one of the above waypoints. 5-37 Approaches and SID/STARs Chapter 5 Figure 5-44 If the aircraft you are flying in is a turbojet, then fly the rest of the STAR as depicted on the chart with no changes to the flight plan.
Approaches and SID/STARs 5. Press E and then F to delete a waypoint. 6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 until all of the unnecessary waypoints are deleted. 7. Now add JERRY, CRESN, and RENDY to FPL 0 by using the right inner and outer knobs and F as necessary. Approaches and SID/STARs Chapter 5 8. The rest of the STAR can now be flown.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix ARC - Radial from reference VOR when executing an approach procedure with a DME arc.
Navigation Terms Appendix A Appendix This page intentionally left blank A-2
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix APPENDIX B - MESSAGE PAGE MESSAGES NOTE: Those messages marked with a double dagger symbol (‡) refer to the KLN 89B only. Adj Nav Crs to XXX° — (Adjust navigation indicator course to XXX°) When this message appears, you should select the suggested course on the HSI or CDI.
Appendix Message Page Messages Appendix B ‡Bad Satellite Geometry And RAIM Not Available -- This message appears only when the KLN 89B is in the approach active mode, RAIM is not available and the satellite geometry has further degraded to cause more uncertainty of the aircraft position. This message may be followed by a NAV flag (in a couple of minutes) if conditions continue to degrade. ‡Bad Satellite Geometry See EPE on OTH 1 page -- This message appears following a message that RAIM is not available.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix out of date as a result of a date and time entered on the SET 2 page or Self-Test page or as a result of a pilot-entered date being overridden by a date from the GPS receiver. GEN RS-232 Data In Error -- This message appears when an error is detected in the received RS-232 data such as from a fuel management or air data system.
Appendix Message Page Messages Appendix B Magnetic Var for Published Approach Being Used —This message appears when a user-defined magnetic variation has been selected on the SET 2 page and an approach waypoint is active. The KLN 89B will use the magnetic variatiion association with the approach waypoint.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix Other WPTs Deleted — (Other waypoints deleted) This message is displayed whenever more than 10 waypoints used in a flight plan (including the active waypoint) have been deleted. Position of _______ has Changed -- This message appears when either the latitude or the longitude of a waypoint used in a flight plan or the active waypoint has changed by more than .33 minutes as a result of updating the data base.
Appendix Message Page Messages Appendix B Recycle Power to Use Valid Data Base Data -- This message appears when the date entered on the Initialization page is before the data base effective date and the date entered later on the SET 2 page is after the data base effective date, or vice versa. Turn the KLN 89(B) off and back on so that the correct data base data is utilized.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix APPENDIX C - SCRATCHPAD MESSAGES NOTE: Those messages marked with a double dagger symbol (‡) refer to the KLN 89B only. C-1 Scratchpad Messages Appendix C Active Wpt — (Active Waypoint) Appears when you attempt to delete a user-defined waypoint on the OTH 4 page if the waypoint is the active waypoint (the waypoint you are navigating to). Another waypoint must be made the active waypoint before this waypoint can be deleted from the user-defined waypoint list.
Scratchpad Messages Appendix C Appendix No Act Wpt — (No Active Waypoint) Appears when you attempt to activate the OBS mode if there is no active waypoint. To have an active waypoint, a flight plan must be activated or a Direct To must be initiated. ‡No Apr In Fpl – (No Approach in Flight Plan) Appears when an attempt is made to arm the GPS approach mode when there is no approach loaded into the active flight plan. Load an approach into the flight plan before trying to arm the approach mode.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix APPENDIX D - ABBREVIATIONS STATE ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATION Alaska Alabama Arkansas Arizona California Colorado Connecticut District of Columbia Delaware Florida Georgia Iowa Idaho Illinois Indiana Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Massachusetts Maryland Maine Michigan Minnesota Missouri Mississippi Montana North Carolina North Dakota Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico Nevada New York Ohio Oklahoma D-1 Abbreviations Appendix D AK AL AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE FL GA IA
Appendix STATE ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) OR PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Vermont Washington Wisconsin West Virginia Wyoming Abbreviations Appendix D CANADIAN PROVINCE ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATION AB BC MB NB NF NS NT & NU ON PE PQ SK YK PROVINCE Alberta British Columbia Manitoba New Brunswick Newfoundland Nova Scotia Northwest Territory Ontario Prince Edward Island Quebec Saskatchewan Yukon COUNTRY ABBREVIAT
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) United Arab Emirates Argentina American/Western Samoa Antigua/Barbuda Australia Austria Burundi Belgium Benin Burkina Faso Bangladesh Bulgaria Bahrain Bahamas Bhutan Belize Bermuda Bolivia Bosnia/Herzegovia Brazil Barbados Brunei Botswana Central African Republic Canada Switzerland Chile/Easter Isl.
Appendix Abbreviations Appendix D COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) DEU DJI DMA DNK DOM DZA ECU EGY ERI ESP ETH FIN FJI FLK FRA GAB GBR GHA GIB GIN GLP GMB GNB GNQ GPV GRC GRD GRL GTM GUF GUY HKG HND HTI HUN IDN IND IOT IRL IRN Germany Djibouti Dominica Denmark Dominican Republic Algeria Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Spain Ethiopia Finland Fiji/Tonga Falkland Islands France Gabon United Kingdom Ghana Gibraltar Guinea Guadeloupe/Martinique Gambia Guinea-Bissau Equatorial Guinea Cape Verde Greece Grenada Greenland Gu
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) Iraq Iceland Israel Italy Jamaica Jordan Japan/Okinawa Johnston Island Kenya Cambodia/Kampuchea Kiribati/Tuvalu/Phoenix I./Line I. St. Kitts/Nevis Korea Kuwait Laos Latvia Lebanon Liberia Libya/SPA Jamahiriya St. Lucia Sri Lanka Lesotho Luxembourg Macau Morocco Macedonia Madagascar/Comoros/Mayotte I./Reunion Maldives Melilla Mexico Marshall Island Midway Island Mali Malta Mariana Islands Moldova Mozambique Mauritania Monserrat Isl.
Appendix Abbreviations Appendix D COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) MYR MYS NAM NCL NER NGA NIC NIU NLD NOR NPL NRU NZL OMN PAC PAK PAN PCI PER PHL PNG POL PRI PRK PRT PRY PYF QAT ROM RWA SAU SDN SEN SGP SHN SLB SLE SLO SLV SOM Myanmar Malaysia Namibia New Caledonia Niger Nigeria Nicaragua Niue Island Netherlands Norway Nepal Naura New Zealand Oman Oakland OTCA (PACIFIC) Pakistan Panama Caroline Island/Micronesia Peru Philippines Papua New Guinea Poland Puerto Rico Korea (Dem.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) XJJ XJR YEM YUG St. Pierre/Miquelon Sao Tome/Principe Suriname Slovakia Sweden Swaziland Seychelles Syria Turks and Caicos Islands Chad Togo Thailand Trinidad/Tabago Tunisia Turkey Taiwan Tanzania Uganda Uruguay United States of America St. Vincent Venezuela Virgin Islands (U.K.) Virgin Islands (U.S.
Appendix ZAF ZAM ZAR ZWE South Africa Zambia Zaire Zimbabwe Abbreviations Appendix D ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATION ABQ ACC ADD ADE ADN AKM AKT ALG ALM AMD AMM AMS ANA ANC ANC ANC ANK ANT ARK ASH ASM AST ASU ATF ATH ATL ATY AUC AUC BAG BAH BAK BAL BAN ARTCC ALBUQUERQUE ACCRA ADDIS ABABA ADELAIDE ADEN AKMOLA AKTYUBINSK ALGIERS ALMATY AMDERMA AMMAN AMSTERDAM ANADYR ANCHORAGE ARCTIC ANCHORAGE ANCHORAGE OCEANIC ANKARA ANTANANARIVO ARKHANGELSK ASHKHABAD ASMARA ASTRAKHAN ASUNCION ANTOFAGASTA ATHENS ATLANTA
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) BARCELONA BATAGAY BEIJING BELEM BERMUDA BIAK BISHKEK BLAGOVESHCHENSK BELGRADE BLOEMFONTEIN BODO BODO OCEANIC BOGOTA BOMBAY BORDEAUX BOSTON BEIRA BRINDISI BREMEN BRISBANE BERLIN BARNAUL BARRANQUILLA BRASILIA /UTA BEIRUT BRUSSELS BRATISLAVA BERYOZOVO BRAZZAVILLE BRATSK BREST BUCHAREST BUDAPEST BUJUMBURA CAIRO CALCUTTA CAMPO GRANDE CENTRAL AMERICA CANARIES CAPE TOWN D-9 Abbreviations Appendix D BAR BAT BEI BEL BER BIA BIS BLA BLG BLO BOD B
Appendix Abbreviations Appendix D ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) CAS CHA CHE CHI CHO CHR CHT CHU CLE COC COL COM COP COR CRT CUR DAK DAK DAM DAR DEL DEN DES DHA DIK DOR DSS DUR DUS EDM EMI ENT EZE FRA FW GAB GAN GAN GEN GEO GUA CASABLANCA CHAYBUKHA CHELYABINSK CHICAGO CHOKURDAKH CHERSKY CHITA CHULMAN CLEVELAND COCOS I COLOMBO COMODORO RIVIADAVIA COPENHAGEN CORDOBA CURITIBA CURACAO DAKAR DAKAR OCEANIC DAMASCUS DARWIN DELHI DENVER DAR-ES-SALAAM DHAKA DIKSON DORNOD DUSSELDORF DURBAN DUSHANBE EDMONTON EMIRATES
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) GUAYAQUIL HANOI HARARE HAVANA HONG KONG HONIARA HOCHIMINH HONOLULU CERAP HOUSTON HOUSTON OCEANIC INDIANAPOLIS IRKUTSK ISLA DE PASCUA ISTANBUL JAKARTA JACKSONVILLE JEDDAH JOHANNESBURG KABUL KALININGRAD KAMENNYI MYS KANO KARACHI KATHMANDU KAZAN KANSAS CITY KHABAROVSK KHARKOV KHATANGA KIEV KIGALI KINGSTON KIRENSK KISANGANI KOTA KINABALU KUALA LUMPUR KHANTY-MANSIYSK KINSHASA KZYL-ORDA KOLPASHEVO D-11 Abbreviations Appendix D GUY HAN HAR HAV
Appendix Abbreviations Appendix D ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) KOS KRA KRS KRV KSH KTM KUN KUR LAH LAN LAP LAX LIL LIM LIS LJU LON LUA LUB LUS LVO MAD MAG MAI MAL MAN MAR MAU MAZ MAZ MDR MEL MEM MEN MER MEX MGD MIA MIA MIL KOSTANAY KRASNOVODSK KRASNOYARSK KIROV KISHINAU KHARTOUM KUNMING KURGAN LAHORE LANZHOU LA PAZ LOS ANGELES LILONGWE LIMA LISBON LJUBLJANA LONDON LUANDA LUBUMBASHI LUSAKA LVOV MADRID MAGADAN MAIQUETIA MALE MANILA MARSEILLE MAURITIUS MAZATLAN MAZATLAN OCEANIC MADRAS MELBOURNE MEMPHIS MEND
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) MINNEAPOLIS MIRNY MALMO MALTA MONCTON NORTHERN MONCTON SOUTHERN MANAUS MONTERREY MOGADISHU MONTREAL MOSCOW MURMANSK MYS SHMIDTA MINSK MONTEVIDEO MUMBAI MUNICH MUREN MUSCAT NADI OCEANIC NAHA NAIROBI NASSAU N'DJAMENA NICOSIA NIKOLAEVSK-NA-AMURE NIAMEY NORILSK NOVOSIBIRSK NUKUS NEW YORK NEW YORK OCEANIC NEW ZEALAND OAKLAND OAKLAND OCEANIC ODESSA OKHA OMSK ORENBURG OKHOTSK OSLO D-13 Abbreviations Appendix D MIN MIR MLM MLT MNC MNC MNS MNT M
Appendix Abbreviations Appendix D ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Contd) PA PAN PAP PAR PE PEC PEM PEN PER PET PEV PHN PIA PM PMT PRA PRM PTR PV PYO REC RES REY RIG RIV RMS ROB ROC ROM ROS ROV SAI SAL SAM SAN SAR SCO SDO SEA SEM SEY PUNTA ARENAS PANAMA OCEANIC PORT-AU-PRINCE PARIS PORT ELIZABETH PECHORA PERM PENZA PERTH PETERSBURG PEVEK PHNOM PENH PIARCO PORT MORESBY PUERTO MONTT PRAGUE PARAMARIBO /UTA PETROPAVLOVSK-KAM.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) SHANGHAI SHENYANG SHANNON SHANWICK OCEANIC SIMFEROPOL SINGAPORE SAN JUAN OCEANIC SKOPJE SALT LAKE CITY SALEKHARD SANTA MARIA OCEANIC SAMARKAND SANAA SOFIA SONDRESTROM STAVANGER STOCKHOLM SUKHUMI SUNDSVALL SURGUT SWITZERLAND SYDNEY SYKTYVKAR SEYMCHAN TAEGU TAHITI OCEANIC TAIPEI TALLINN TAMPERE TASHKENT TASHAUZ TBILISI TEHRAN TEL AVIV TIKSI TILICHIKI TIRANA TOKYO TORONTO TRIPOLI D-15 Abbreviations Appendix D SHA SHE SHN SHW SIM SIN SJU SK
Appendix Abbreviations Appendix D ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) TRO TUN TUR TYU UFA UJU ULA UND URA URU VAN VAR VEL VIE VIL VLA VLO VNT VOL VRK WAR WAS WEL WIN WND WUH YAK YAN YEK YEN YER YS ZAG ZHK ZHY ZUR ZYR TRONDHEIM TUNIS TURUKHANSK TYUMEN UFA UJUNG PANDANG ULAANBAATAR UNDERHAAN URALSK URUMQI VANCOUVER VARNA VELIKIYE LUKI VIENNA VILNIUS VLADIVOSTOK VOLOGDA VIENTIANE VOLGOGRAD VORKUTA WARSAW WASHINGTON WELLINGTON WINNIPEG WINDHOEK WUHAN YAKUTSK YANGON YEKATERINBURG YENISEYSK YEREVAN YUZHNO-SAKHALINSK
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix OTHER ABBREVIATIONS USED ON KLN 89(B) PAGES Airport waypoint Aircraft Acquisition Active flight plan waypoints Adjust Alaska Daylight Time Alaska Standard Time Altitude Airport Atlantic Daylight Time Atlantic Standard Time Bearing Calculator Central Daylight Time Character Course Cursor Central Standard Time Data base Degraded navigation Distance Desired track Duplicate East Eastern Daylight Time Elevation Enter Eastern Standard Time Estimated time of arrival Estimate
Appendix Abbreviations Appendix D OTHER ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) HLT IDENT INIT KM KT L LCL M MAG VAR MDT MPM MSG MST N N NAV NAV A NAV D NM OBS ORS OTH P.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix OTHER ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) SNR SST SUP SV SW TK TOT U USR UTC V W WPT Z Signal-to-noise ratio Samoa Standard Time Supplemental Space vehicle Software Actual track Total User-defined waypoint User-defined waypoint Coordinated Universal Time (Zulu) VOR waypoint West Waypoint Zulu time Abbreviations Appendix D D-19
Appendix Abbreviations Appendix D This page intentionally left blank D-20
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix APPENDIX E - LAT/LON CONVERSIONS The KLN 89(B) utilizes latitude and longitude expressed in degrees, minutes, and hundredths of a minute. You may occasionally see a document expressing latitude and longitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds. This table may be used to convert seconds to hundredths of a minute. HUNDREDTHS OF A MINUTE (’) .00 .02 .03 .05 .07 .08 .10 .12 .13 .15 .17 .18 .20 .22 .23 .25 .27 .28 .30 .32 .33 .35 .37 .38 .40 .42 .43 .45 .47 .48 .50 .52 .
Appendix LAT/LON CONVERSIONS (Cont’d) SECONDS (”) 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 HUNDREDTHS OF A MINUTE (’) .55 .57 .58 .60 .62 .63 .65 .67 .68 .70 .72 .73 .75 .77 .78 .80 .82 .83 .85 .87 .88 .90 .92 .93 .95 .97 .98 For example: 35° 46’ 24” is the same as 35° 46.40’ Lat/Lon Conversions Appendix E 32° 15’ 58” is the same as 32° 15.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix F BACKGROUND The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that was originally conceived and implemented by the United States Department of Defense (DoD). The system is, however, available to all civilian users free of charge. GPS provides extremely precise position, velocity, and time information. The satellites are not geosynchronous, as is the case with many weather and television satellites.
GPS Primer Appendix F Appendix F For example, the GPS receiver might determine that it is exactly 12,000 miles from satellite A, 12,700 miles from satellite B, and 13,100 miles from satellite C. At the same time, the aircraft’s encoding altimeter might be indicating an altitude of 9,500 feet MSL. There is only one point in space that satisfies these four measurements.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix F GPS SYSTEM SEGMENTS The Space Segment consists of the 24 NAVSTAR satellites which orbit the earth at an altitude of 10,898 nautical miles. The satellite orbits are very precisely planned so that the entire surface of the earth may use the GPS system 24 hours a day, every day. There are almost always more than six satellites in view from anywhere on Earth. The Control Segment consists of a network of ground-based monitoring and control stations.
GPS Primer Appendix F Appendix F receiver, on it’s own, can detect an inaccuracy in the GPS system. It does this by using distance measurements from as many satellites as possible to check the consistency of the position (this is called an over-determined position solution). If there are not enough satellites in view to assure the position integrity, the KLN 89(B) notifies the pilot. Five measurements with good geometry (relative positions of the satellites) are needed to provide RAIM.
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Index KLN 89(B) INDEX Abbreviations Airport names 3-25, 3-45 ARTCC/FIR D-8 Canadian Province D-2 Communication frequencies 3-49 Country D-2 GPS receiver state 3-62 Other abbreviations D-17 State D-1 Time zones 3-5 ACT (Active waypoint pages) 4-11 Activating Numbered flight plan 4-4 Waypoint in the OBS mode 4-39 Actual track 3-38, 3-43, A-1 Adding waypoints to flight plan 4-2 Air data pages 4-44 Airport data Bearing and distance 3-46 City, State (or country) 3-45 Communication
Index Index Altitude Alerting 4-14 Density 4-27 Indicated 3-2, 3-58, 4-26 Input 1-1, 3-58 Minimum en route safe (ESA) 3-59 Minimum safe (MSA) 3-59 Pages 3-58, 4-14, 4-17 Pressure 3-58, 4-26, 4-27, 4-28 Annunciators, remote 3-66, 5-1 Antenna 1-1 Approach active (ACTV) mode 5-4 Approach armed (ARM) mode 5-4 Approaches Changing 5-9 Deleting 5-9 Loading 5-6 Selecting 5-5 APT 1 Name, City page 3-45 APT 2 Lat, Lon, distance page 3-46 APT 3 Airspace, timezone, apr type page 3-47 APT 4 Runways, Rnwy length page 3-
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Index I-3 Index CAL 6 True Airspeed page 4-27 CAL 7 Wind direction, speed page 4-28 CAL 8 Sunrise, Sunset page 4-29 Canadian province abbreviations D-2 Cancel Direct To operation 3-35, 4-12 CDI External 1-1 Internal 3-36 Scale factor 3-36, 4-40 Changing Approaches 5-9 SIDs 5-33 STARs 5-33 Characters “>“ 3-17 “→“ 3-36, 4-8 “*” 3-64 “+” 3-11 City of airport 3-45 Clear button 3-11, 3-17 Communication frequencies Airports 3-49 Centers 3-32 Flight Service Stations 3-31 Computer d
Index Index D Data base Airports 3-45 Card 2-5 Contents 2-1 Currency requirement for approach use 5-1 Functions 2-1 Geographical regions 2-0 ICAO identifiers 2-4 Intersections 3-55 NDBs 3-54 Operating without card 4-46 PC interface kit 2-5 Subscriptions and update options 2-9 Updating 2-4, 2-8 User waypoints 3-56 VORs 3-53 Data entry 3-13 Date and time 3-4, 3-60 Display format 3-8 Default first waypoint identifier character 3-15 Deleting Airport and user waypoint remarks 3-64 Approach 5-9 Direct To operat
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Index E F f (final approach fix identifier suffix) 5-9 FAF (final approach fix) 5-2, 5-9 Fence 5-9 Flight plans Activating 4-4 Active flight plan 4-1, 4-8 Adding waypoints 4-5 Creating 4-1 Deleting 4-7 Deleting waypoints 4-6 Direct to operation in flight plans 4-11 Editing 4-5, 4-6 Flight plan 0 (active flight plan) 4-1, 4-8 Inverting 4-5 Operating from the active flight plan 4-8 Rules for use of 4-8 Storing active flight plan as a numbered flight plan 4-7 Viewing distance, E
Index Index FSS frequencies 3-31 Fuel availability 3-47 Fuel management pages 4-41 Fuel on board 4-41 Fuel planning 4-23, 4-41 G GPS Coverage area 3-1 Panel controls 3-0 Receiver status 3-62, 3-63 Theory of operation F-1 GPS APR switch/annunciator 3-66, 5-1 Groundspeed 3-8 H h (missed approach holding point identifier suffix) 5-8 Heading 3-43, 4-29, 4-45 Holding pattern 5-18, 5-22, 5-27 How-To Index iv HSI 1-1 I i (initial approach fix identifier suffix) 5-9 IAF (initial approach fix) 5-9 Selecting 5-5
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Index L M m (missed approach point identifier suffix) 5-9 Mach 4-45 Magnetic variation 4-46 Map display 3-40 MAP (missed approach point) 3-33, 3-35, 5-9 MAHP (missed approach holding point) 5-9 Message (MSG) button, prompt, and page 3-10, 3-11, 3-17 Messages - Appendix B Meters 3-58 Metric units 3-58 Minimum safe altitude (MSA) 3-59 Missed approach procedure 5-9 Modes, navigation Approach Arm 5-2 Approach Active 5-2 OBS 4-36 Leg 4-35 Selecting Leg or OBS mode 4-35 MOVE? 5-25
Index Index Navigation terminology A-1 NDB 1 page 3-54 NDB 2 page 3-54 NDB data Bearing and distance 3-54 Frequency 3-54 Identifier 3-54 Latitude/longitude 3-54 Name 3-54 Nearest 3-27 Nearest Centers 3-31 Flight Service Stations 3-31 Special Use Airspace 3-29 Waypoints 3-27 NOS charts 5-8 NO WPT SEQ 5-9 Non-precision approaches; See Approaches O OBS mode 4-36 In approach procedures 5-4, 5-18 Off-airport navaid 5-15 On-airport navaid 5-20 Operating from active flight plan 4-8 ORS (Operational Revision Stat
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Index R Radial from a waypoint 3-38, 3-39 RAIM (receiver autonomous integrity monitoring) 5-12, 5-27 Prediction 5-28 Radar vectors 5-18 Receiver status 3-62, 3-63 Remarks Airport page 3-50 User waypoint page 3-57 Runway fix 5-7 Runway information 3-48 S Sample trip 3-71 Satellite status 3-62 Scanning waypoint names 3-23 Scratchpad messages 3-11 Screen organization 3-9 Selected course, See “OBS mode” Selecting Approach 5-5 IAF 5-6 SID 5-30 STAR 5-32 Transition (SID/STAR) 5-31,
Index Index Set date and time 3-3, 3-60 SID (standard instrument departure) Changing 5-33 Deleting 5-34 Editing 5-33 Example 5-34 Loading 5-30 Selecting 5-30 SID/STARs 5-29 Simulator (Take-Home mode) 4-48 Sneak Preview of operation ii SNR (Signal-to-noise ratio) 3-63 Software status 3-66 Special use airspace 3-29, 3-68 STAR (standard terminal arrival route) Changing 5-33 Deleting 5-34 Editing 5-33 Example 5-36 Loading 5-30 Selecting 5-32 State abbreviations D-1 Step-down fix 5-13, 5-25 Sunrise/Sunset 4-29
KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Index Index True airspeed 4-27, 4-28, 4-45 Turn anticipation 4-9 Turn-on 3-1 Turn-on page 3-2 Trip planning 4-21, 4-23 U Updating the data base 2-4 User waypoints USR 0 page 3-56 USR 1 page 3-56 USR 2 page 3-56 USR 3 page 3-57 UTC; See Time zones V Vectors 5-18 VNAV (vertical navigation) 4-17 Voltage alerting 3-67 VOR 1 page 3-53 VOR 2 page 3-53 VOR data Bearing and distance 3-53 Frequency 3-53 Identifier 3-53 Latitude/longitude 3-53 Magnetic station declination 3-53 Map di
Index Index Waypoint scanning window 3-44 Waypoints Adding to flight plan 4-5 Creating user waypoint 4-30 Deleting from flight plan 4-6 Deleting user waypoint 3-64 Duplicate 3-15 “From” and “To” waypoints 3-34, 3-36, 4-8 Selecting and scanning 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, 3-24 Viewing user waypoints 3-64 Viewing waypoint in active flight plan (FPL 0) 4-11 Wind 4-28, 4-46 X Y Z I-12
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