XGS-4526/4528F/4728F Intelligent Layer 3+ Switch Default Login Details IP Address http://192.168.0.1 (Out-of-band MGMT port) http://192.168.1.1 (In-band ports) User Name admin Password 1234 www.zyxel.com Firmware Version 4.00 Edition 1, 03/2011 www.zyxel.
About This User's Guide About This User's Guide Intended Audience This manual is intended for people who want to configure the Switch using the web configurator. Related Documentation • Web Configurator Online Help The embedded Web Help contains descriptions of individual screens and supplementary information. • Command Reference Guide The Command Reference Guide explains how to use the Command-Line Interface (CLI) and CLI commands to configure the Switch.
About This User's Guide • Download Library Search for the latest product updates and documentation from this link. Read the Tech Doc Overview to find out how to efficiently use the User Guide, Quick Start Guide and Command Line Interface Reference Guide in order to better understand how to use your product. • Knowledge Base If you have a specific question about your product, the answer may be here. This is a collection of answers to previously asked questions about ZyXEL products.
Document Conventions Document Conventions Warnings and Notes These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide. Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device. Note: Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations. Syntax Conventions • The XGS-4526/4528F/4728F may be referred to as the “Switch”, the “device”, the “system” or the “product” in this User’s Guide.
Document Conventions Icons Used in Figures Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The Switch icon is not an exact representation of your device.
Safety Warnings Safety Warnings • Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool. • Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids. • Do NOT store things on the device. • Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. • Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device. • Do NOT open the device or unit.
Safety Warnings 8 XGS-4526/4528F/4728F User’s Guide
Contents Overview Contents Overview User’s Guide ........................................................................................................................... 25 Getting to Know Your Switch ..................................................................................................... 27 Hardware Installation and Connection ....................................................................................... 33 Hardware Overview ........................................................
Contents Overview RIP ........................................................................................................................................... 327 OSPF ....................................................................................................................................... 331 IGMP ....................................................................................................................................... 345 DVMRP .................................................
Table of Contents Table of Contents About This User's Guide .......................................................................................................... 3 Document Conventions............................................................................................................ 5 Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................ 7 Contents Overview .......................................................
Table of Contents 3.2.1 XGS-4526 .................................................................................................................. 41 3.2.2 XGS-4528F or XGS-4728F ........................................................................................ 41 3.2.3 Uplink Module ............................................................................................................ 42 3.2.4 Rear Panel Connections ..............................................................................
Table of Contents 6.5 How to Set Up a Guest VLAN ............................................................................................. 80 6.5.1 Creating a Guest VLAN .............................................................................................. 81 6.5.2 Enabling IEEE 802.1x Port Authentication ................................................................. 83 6.5.3 Enabling Guest VLAN ................................................................................................
Table of Contents 9.5.1 VLAN Status ............................................................................................................ 121 9.5.2 VLAN Details ............................................................................................................ 122 9.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN ...................................................................................... 122 9.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings .......................................................................
Table of Contents Chapter 14 Bandwidth Control................................................................................................................ 169 14.1 Bandwidth Control Overview ......................................................................................... 169 14.1.1 CIR and PIR ........................................................................................................... 169 14.2 Bandwidth Control Setup ............................................................
Table of Contents 20.2 Configuring the Classifier ............................................................................................... 201 20.3 Viewing and Editing Classifier Configuration ................................................................... 204 20.4 Classifier Example ........................................................................................................... 206 Chapter 21 Policy Rule................................................................................
Table of Contents 24.6 MVR Overview ................................................................................................................ 235 24.6.1 Types of MVR Ports ............................................................................................... 235 24.6.2 MVR Modes ........................................................................................................... 236 24.6.3 How MVR Works ..................................................................................
Table of Contents 27.1 Loop Guard Overview ..................................................................................................... 283 27.2 Loop Guard Setup ........................................................................................................... 285 Chapter 28 VLAN Mapping ...................................................................................................................... 287 28.1 VLAN Mapping Overview .....................................................
Table of Contents Chapter 33 Private VLAN ......................................................................................................................... 315 33.1 Private VLAN Overview .................................................................................................. 315 33.2 Configuring Private VLAN ................................................................................................ 316 Chapter 34 Static Route .........................................................
Table of Contents 38.2 Port-based IGMP ............................................................................................................. 347 38.3 Configuring IGMP ............................................................................................................ 348 Chapter 39 DVMRP ................................................................................................................................... 349 39.1 DVMRP Overview .................................................
Table of Contents 42.3 VRRP Configuration ....................................................................................................... 373 42.3.1 IP Interface Setup ................................................................................................. 373 42.3.2 VRRP Parameters ................................................................................................. 375 42.3.3 Configuring VRRP Parameters .........................................................................
Table of Contents 46.3.3 SNMP Traps .......................................................................................................... 400 46.3.4 Configuring SNMP .............................................................................................. 407 46.3.5 Configuring SNMP Trap Group 46.3.6 Configuring SNMP User 46.4 Setting Up Login Accounts ........................................................................... 409 ..............................................................
Table of Contents 51.2 Viewing the IP Table ........................................................................................................ 448 Chapter 52 ARP Table .............................................................................................................................. 451 52.1 ARP Table Overview ....................................................................................................... 451 52.1.1 How ARP Works ....................................................
Table of Contents 24 XGS-4526/4528F/4728F User’s Guide
P ART I User’s Guide 25
CHAPTER 1 Getting to Know Your Switch This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the Switch. 1.1 Introduction Your Switch is a stand-alone, layer-3, Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) switch with support for an optional 2-port 10 Gigabit uplink module. The XGS-4528F or XGS-4728F also provides two 12 Gigabit stacking ports. By integrating router functions, the Switch performs wire-speed layer-3 routing in addition to layer-2 switching.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch super-fast uplink connection by using the optional 10 Gigabit uplink module on the Switch. Figure 1 Bridging Application Backbone Sales RD 1.1.2 High Performance Switching Example The Switch is ideal for connecting two geographically dispersed networks that need high bandwidth. In the following example, a company uses the optional 10 Gigabit uplink modules to connect the headquarters to a branch office network.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 1.1.3 Gigabit Ethernet to the Desktop The Switch is an ideal solution for small networks which demand high bandwidth for a group of heavy traffic users. You can connect computers and servers directly to the Switch’s port or connect other switches to the Switch. Use the optional 10 Gigabit uplink module to provide high speed access to a data server and the Internet.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch Shared resources such as a server can be used by all ports in the same VLAN as the server. In the following figure only ports that need access to the server need to be part of VLAN 1. Ports can belong to other VLAN groups too. Figure 4 Shared Server Using VLAN Example 1.1.5 IPv6 Support IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), is designed to enhance IP address size and features. The increase in IPv6 address size to 128 bits (from the 32-bit IPv4 address) allows up to 3.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch • Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the Switch using a (supported) web browser. See Chapter 4 on page 47. • Command Line Interface. Line commands offer an alternative to the Web Configurator and may be necessary to configure advanced features. See the CLI Reference Guide. • FTP. Use File Transfer Protocol for firmware upgrades and configuration backup/ restore. See Section 45.8 on page 393. • SNMP.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 32 XGS-4526/4528F/4728F User’s Guide
CHAPTER 2 Hardware Installation and Connection This chapter shows you how to install and connect the Switch. 2.1 Freestanding Installation 1 Make sure the Switch is clean and dry. 2 Set the Switch on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of the Switch and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby. 3 Make sure there is enough clearance around the Switch to allow air circulation and the attachment of cables and the power cord.
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection Note: Do NOT block the ventilation holes. Leave space between devices when stacking. Note: For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the Switch. This is especially important for enclosed rack installations. 2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack This section lists the rack mounting requirements and precautions and describes the installation steps. 2.2.
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection 2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the mounting bracket holes into the Switch. 3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of the Switch. 4 You may now mount the Switch on a rack. Proceed to the next section. 2.2.
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection 36 XGS-4526/4528F/4728F User’s Guide
CHAPTER 3 Hardware Overview This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the Switch and shows you how to make the hardware connections. 3.1 Front Panel Connections The figure below shows the front panel of the Switch.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview The following table describes the ports. Table 1 Panel Connections CONNECTO R DESCRIPTION 20 100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 Ethernet Ports (XGS4526 only) Connect these ports to a computer, a hub, an Ethernet switch or router. 4 or 24 Dual Personality Interfaces Each interface has one 1000Base-T copper RJ-45 port and one mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) fiber port, with one port active at a time.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings The factory default negotiation settings for the Ethernet ports on the Switch are: • Speed: Auto • Duplex: Auto • Flow control: Off 3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots These are 4 or 24 slots for Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) transceivers. A transceiver is a single unit that houses a transmitter and a receiver. Use a transceiver to connect a fiber-optic cable to the Switch. The Switch does not come with transceivers.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 3 The Switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to verify that it is functioning properly. Figure 12 Installed Transceiver 3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal Use the following steps to remove a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module). 1 Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary). Figure 13 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example 2 Pull the transceiver out of the slot.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 3.2 Rear Panel 3.2.1 XGS-4526 The following figure shows the rear panel of the Switch. Figure 15 Rear Panel A C B D E The rear panel contains: • A connector for the backup power supply (A) • An optional slot (B) for installing an EM-422 or EM-412 uplink module • An RJ-45 out-of-band management port (C) • An RS-232 management console port (D) • A connector for the power receptacle (E) 3.2.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview Figure 17 Rear Panel - DC Model G F 3.2.3 Uplink Module The following figure shows the front panel of the EM-422 and EM-412 modules. Figure 18 The Front Panel of the EM-422 and EM-412 Modules EM-422 EM-412 3.2.4 Rear Panel Connections The following table describes the ports on the rear panel.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 3.2.5 Power Connector Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel and that no objects obstruct the airflow of the fans. Use the following procedures to connect the Switch to a power source after you have installed it. Note: Check the power supply requirements in Chapter 56 on page 463, and make sure you are using an appropriate power source.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 1 Use a screwdriver to loosen the terminal block captive screws. 2 Connect one end of a power wire to the Switch’s RTN (return) pin and tighten the captive screw. 3 Connect the other end of the power wire to the positive terminal on the power supply. 4 Connect one end of a power wire to the Switch’s -48V (input) pin and tighten the captive screw. 5 Connect the other end of the power wire to the negative terminal on the power supply.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 3.3 LEDs The following table describes the LEDs. Table 3 LEDs LED COLO R STATUS DESCRIPTION BPS Green Blinking The system is receiving power from the backup power supply. On The backup power supply is connected and active. Off The backup power supply is not ready or not active. On The system is turned on. Off The system is off. Blinking The system is rebooting and performing self-diagnostic tests. On The system is on and functioning properly.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview Table 3 LEDs (continued) LED 1-24 or 21-24 46 COLO R STATUS DESCRIPTION Green On The port has a successful connection. Blinking The port is receiving or transmitting data. Off This link is disconnected.
CHAPTER 4 The Web Configurator This section introduces the configuration and functions of the web configurator. 4.1 Introduction The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy Switch setup and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Firefox 2.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels. In order to use the web configurator you need to allow: • Web browser pop-up windows from your device.
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 3 The login screen appears. The default username is admin and associated default password is 1234. The date and time display as shown if you have not configured a time server nor manually entered a time and date in the General Setup screen. Figure 19 Web Configurator: Login 4 Click OK to view the first web configurator screen. 4.3 The Web Configurator Layout The Status screen is the first screen that displays when you access the web configurator.
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator The following figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator screen. Figure 20 The Web Configurator Layout B C DE A A - Click the menu items to open submenu links, and then click on a submenu link to open the screen in the main window. B, C, D, E - These are quick links which allow you to perform certain tasks no matter which screen you are currently working in. B - Click this link to save your configuration into the Switch’s nonvolatile memory.
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator In the navigation panel, click a main link to reveal a list of submenu links. Table 4 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview BASIC SETTING ADVANCED APPLICATION IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT The following table describes the links in the navigation panel. Table 5 Navigation Panel Links LINK DESCRIPTION Basic Settings System Info This link takes you to a screen that displays general system and hardware monitoring information.
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued) LINK DESCRIPTION VLAN This link takes you to screens where you can configure port-based or 802.1Q VLAN (depending on what you configured in the Switch Setup menu). You can also configure a protocol based VLAN or a subnet based VLAN in these screens. Static MAC Forwarding This link takes you to screens where you can configure static MAC addresses for a port. These static MAC addresses do not age out.
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued) LINK DESCRIPTION VLAN Mapping This link takes you to screens where you can configure VLAN mapping settings on the Switch. Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling This link takes you to a screen where you can configure L2PT (Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling) settings on the Switch. sFlow This link takes you to screens where you can configure sFlow settings on the Switch.
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued) LINK DESCRIPTION Syslog This link takes you to screens where you can setup system logs and a system log server. Cluster Management This link takes you to a screen where you can configure clustering management and view its status. MAC Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC address and VLAN ID of a device attach to a port. You can also view what kind of MAC address it is.
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 4.4 Saving Your Configuration When you are done modifying the settings in a screen, click Apply to save your changes back to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the Switch’s power is turned off. Click the Save link in the upper right hand corner of the web configurator to save your configuration to nonvolatile memory. Nonvolatile memory refers to the Switch’s storage that remains even if the Switch’s power is turned off.
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 4.6.1 Reload the Configuration File Uploading the factory-default configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all previous configurations and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default of 9600bps with 8 data bit, no parity, one stop bit and flow control set to none. The password will also be reset to “1234” and the IP address to 192.168.1.1.
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator The Switch is now reinitialized with a default configuration file including the default password of “1234”. 4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator Click Logout in a screen to exit the web configurator. You have to log in with your password again after you log out. This is recommended after you finish a management session for security reasons. Figure 23 Web Configurator: Logout Screen 4.
CHAPTER 5 Initial Setup Example This chapter shows how to set up the Switch for an example network. 5.1 Overview The following lists the configuration steps for the example network: • Configure an IP interface • Configure DHCP server settings • Create a VLAN • Set port VLAN ID • Enable RIP 5.1.1 Configuring an IP Interface On a layer-3 switch, an IP interface (also known as an IP routing domain) is not bound to a physical port. The default IP address of the Switch is 192.168.1.
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example new IP interface. This allows the Switch to route traffic between the RD and Sales networks. Figure 24 Initial Setup Network Example: IP Interface 1 Connect your computer to the MGMT port that is used only for management. Make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the MGMT port. 2 Open your web browser and enter 192.168.0.1 (the default MGMT port IP address) in the address bar to access the web configurator. See Section 4.2 on page 47 for more information.
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 5 In the VID field, enter the ID of the VLAN group to which you want this IP interface to belong. This is the same as the VLAN ID you configure in the Static VLAN screen. 6 Click Add to save the settings to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the Switch’s power is turned off. 5.1.2 Configuring DHCP Server Settings You can set the Switch to assign network information (such as the IP address, DNS server, etc.) to DHCP clients on the network.
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example In this example, you want to configure port 1 as a member of VLAN 2. Figure 25 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN 1 Click Advanced Application > VLAN in the navigation panel and click the Static VLAN link. 2 In the Static VLAN screen, select ACTIVE, enter a descriptive name in the Name field and enter 2 in the VLAN Group ID field for the VLAN2 network.
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 3 Since the VLAN2 network is connected to port 1 on the Switch, select Fixed to configure port 1 to be a permanent member of the VLAN only. 4 To ensure that VLAN-unaware devices (such as computers and hubs) can receive frames properly, clear the TX Tagging check box to set the Switch to remove VLAN tags before sending. 5 Click Add to save the settings to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the Switch’s power is turned off. 5.1.
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 5.1.5 Enabling RIP To exchange routing information with other routing devices across different routing domains, enable RIP (Routing Information Protocol) in the RIP screen. 1 Click IP Application and RIP in the navigation panel. 2 Select Both in the Direction field to set the Switch to broadcast and receive routing information. 3 In the Version field, select RIP-1 for the RIP packet format that is universally supported.
CHAPTER 6 Tutorials This chapter provides some examples of using the web configurator to set up and use the Switch. The tutorials include: • How to Use DHCP Snooping on the Switch • How to Use DHCP Relay on the Switch • How to Use PPPoE IA on the Switch • How to Use Error Disable and Recovery on the Switch • How to Set Up a Guest VLAN • How to Do Port Isolation in a VLAN • How to Configure Routing Policy 6.
Chapter 6 Tutorials The settings in this tutorial are as the following. Table 6 Settings in this Tutorial HOST PORT VLAN CONNECTED PVID DHCP SNOOPING PORT TRUSTED DHCP Server (A) 5 100 Yes 1 and 100 DHCP Client (B) 6 1 and 100 100 No DHCP Client (C) 7 1 and 100 100 No 1 Access the Switch from the MGMT port through http://192.168.0.1 by default. Log into the Switch by entering the username (default: admin) and password (default: 1234).
Chapter 6 Tutorials 3 Go to Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting, and set the PVID of the ports 5, 6 and 7 to 100. This tags untagged incoming frames on ports 5, 6 and 7 with the tag 100. 4 Go to Advanced Application > IP Source Guard > DHCP snooping > Configure, activate and specify VLAN 100 as the DHCP VLAN as shown. Click Apply. 5 Click the Port link at the top right corner.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 6 The DHCP Snooping Port Configure screen appears. Select Trusted in the Server Trusted state field for port 5 because the DHCP server is connected to port 5. Keep ports 6 and 7 Untrusted because they are connected to DHCP clients. Click Apply. 7 Go to Advanced Application > IP Source Guard > DHCP snooping > Configure > VLAN, show VLAN 100 by entering 100 in the Start VID and End VID fields and click Apply.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 9 Connect your DHCP server to port 5 and a computer (as DHCP client) to either port 6 or 7. The computer should be able to get an IP address from the DHCP server. If you put the DHCP server on port 6 or 7, the computer will not able to get an IP address. 10 To check if DHCP snooping works, go to Advanced Application > IP Source Guard, you should see an IP assignment with the type dhcp-snooping as shown. You can also telnet or log into the Switch’s console.
Chapter 6 Tutorials DHCP client A based on the system name, VLAN ID and port number in the DHCP request. Client A connects to the Switch’s port 2 in VLAN 102. Figure 28 Tutorial: DHCP Relay Scenario DHCP Server 192.168.2.3 Port 2 PVID=102 A VLAN 102 172.16.1.18 6.2.2 Creating a VLAN Follow the steps below to configure port 2 as a member of VLAN 102. 68 1 Access the web configurator through the Switch’s management port. 2 Go to Basic Setting > Switch Setup and set the VLAN type to 802.1Q.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 4 In the Static VLAN screen, select ACTIVE, enter a descriptive name (VALN 102 for example) in the Name field and enter 102 in the VLAN Group ID field. 5 Select Fixed to configure port 2 to be a permanent member of this VLAN. 6 Clear the TX Tagging check box to set the Switch to remove VLAN tags before sending. 7 Click Add to save the settings to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the Switch’s power is turned off.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 8 Click the VLAN Status link in the Static VLAN screen and then the VLAN Port Setting link in the VLAN Status screen. 9 Enter 102 in the PVID field for port 2 to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on that port so that the frames are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines. 10 Click Apply to save your changes back to the run-time memory. 11 Click the Save link in the upper right corner of the web configurator to save your configuration permanently.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 6.2.3 Configuring DHCP Relay Follow the steps below to enable DHCP relay on the Switch and allow the Switch to add relay agent information (such as the VLAN ID) to DHCP requests. 1 Click IP Application > DHCP and then the Global link to open the DHCP Relay screen. 2 Select the Active check box. 3 Enter the DHCP server’s IP address (192.168.2.3 in this example) in the Remote DHCP Server 1 field. 4 Select the Option 82 and the Information check boxes.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 3 You clicked the Save link on the Switch to have your settings take effect. 6.3 How to Use PPPoE IA on the Switch You want to configure PPPoE Intermediate Agent on the Switch (A) to pass a subscriber’s information to a PPPoE server (S). There is another switch (B) between switch A and server S. Switch B is connected to switch A. In this way, PPPoE server S can identify subscriber C and may apply different settings to it.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 6.3.1 Configuring Switch A 1 Click Advanced Application > PPPoE > Intermediate Agent. Select Active then click Apply. Click Port on the top of the screen. 2 Select Untrusted for port 5 and enter userC as Circuit-id and 00134900000A as Remote-id. Select Trusted for port 12 and then leave the other fields empty. Click Apply. Then Click Intermediate Agent on the top of the screen.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 74 3 The Intermediate Agent screen appears. Click VLAN on the top of the screen. 4 Enter 1 for both Start VID and End VID since both the Switch and PPPoE server are in VLAN 1 in this example. Click Apply.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 5 Then select Yes to enable PPPoE IA in VLAN 1 and also select Circuit-id and Remote-id to allow the Switch to add these two strings to frames tagged with VLAN 1 and pass to the PPPoE server. Click Apply. 6.3.2 Configuring Switch B The example uses another XGS-4728F as switch B. 1 Click Advanced Application > PPPoE > Intermediate Agent. Select Active then click Apply. Click Port on the top of the screen.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 2 Select Trusted for ports 11 and 12 and then click Apply. Then Click Intermediate Agent on the top of the screen. 3 76 The Intermediate Agent screen appears. Click VLAN on the top of the screen.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 4 Enter 1 for both Start VID and End VID. Click Apply. 5 Then select Yes to enable PPPoE IA in VLAN 1 and also select Circuit-id and Remote-id to allow the Switch to add these two strings to frames tagged with VLAN 1 and pass to the PPPoE server. Click Apply. The settings are completed now. If you miss some settings above, subscriber C could not successfully receive an IP address assigned by the PPPoE Server. If this happens, make sure you follow the steps exactly in this tutorial.
Chapter 6 Tutorials You also want the Switch to wait for a period of time (10 minutes) before resuming the port automatically, after the problem(s) are gone. Loop guard and Errdiable features are helpful for this demand. Note: Refer to Section 27.2 on page 285 and Section 32.3 on page 310 for more information about Loop Guard and Errdiable. To configure the settings: 1 78 First, click Advanced Application > Loop Guard. Select the Active option in the first section to enable loop guard on the Switch.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 2 Click Advanced Application > Errdisable > CPU Protection, select ARP as the reason, enter 100 as the rate limit (packets per second) for the first entry (port *) to apply the setting to all ports. Then click Apply. 3 Click Advanced Application > Errdisable > Errdisable Detect, select Active for cause ARP and inactive-port as the mode. Then click Apply.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 4 Click Advanced Application > Errdisable > Errdisable Recovery, select Active and Timer Status for loopguard and ARP entries. Also enter 180 (180 seconds = 3 minutes) in the Interval field for both entries. Then click Apply. 6.5 How to Set Up a Guest VLAN All ports on the Switch are in VLAN 1 by default. Say you enable IEEE 802.1x authentication on ports 1 to 8. Clients that connect to these ports should provide the correct user name and password in order to access the ports.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 6.5.1 Creating a Guest VLAN Follow the steps below to configure port 1, 2, 3 and 10 as a member of VLAN 200. 1 Access the web configurator through the Switch’s management port. 2 Go to Basic Setting > Switch Setup and set the VLAN type to 802.1Q. Click Apply to save the settings to the run-time memory. 3 Click Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 82 7 Click Add to save the settings to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the Switch’s power is turned off. 8 Click the VLAN Status link in the Static VLAN screen and then the VLAN Port Setting link in the VLAN Status screen. 9 Enter 200 in the PVID field for ports 1, 2, 3 and 10 to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on these ports so that the frames are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 10 Click Apply to save your changes back to the run-time memory. 11 Click the Save link in the upper right corner of the web configurator to save your configuration permanently. 6.5.2 Enabling IEEE 802.1x Port Authentication Follow the steps below to enable port authentication to validate access to ports 1~8 to clients based on a RADIUS server. 1 Click Advanced Application > Port Authentication and then the Click Here link for 802.1x.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 2 Select the first Active checkbox to enable 802.1x authentication on the Switch. Select the Active checkboxes for ports 1 to 8 to turn on 802.1x authentication on the selected ports. Click Apply. 6.5.3 Enabling Guest VLAN 1 84 Click the Guest Vlan link in the 802.1x screen.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 2 Select Active and enter the guest VLAN ID (200 in this example) on ports 1, 2 and 3. The Switch puts unauthenticated clients in the specified guest VLAN. Set Host-mode to Multi-Secure to have the Switch authenticate each client that connects to one of these ports, and specify the maximum number of clients that the Switch will authenticate on each of these port (5 in this example). Click Apply.
Chapter 6 Tutorials Private VLAN to do port isolation in a VLAN instead of assigning each port to a separate VLAN and creating a different IP routing domain for each individual port. Internet In this example, you put ports 2 to 5 in VLAN 123 and create a private VLAN rule for VLAN 123 to block traffic between ports 2, 3 and 4. 6.6.1 Creating a VLAN Follow the steps below to configure port 2, 3, 4 and 5 as a member of VLAN 123. 86 1 Access the web configurator through the Switch’s management port.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 4 In the Static VLAN screen, select ACTIVE, enter a descriptive name (VLAN 123 for example) in the Name field and enter 123 in the VLAN Group ID field. 5 Select Fixed to configure ports 2, 3, 4 and 5 to be permanent members of this VLAN. 6 Clear the TX Tagging check box to set the Switch to remove VLAN tags before sending frames out of these ports. 7 Click Add to save the settings to the run-time memory.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 8 Click the VLAN Status link in the Static VLAN screen and then the VLAN Port Setting link in the VLAN Status screen. 9 Enter 123 in the PVID field for ports 2, 3, 4 and 5 to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on these ports so that the frames are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines. 10 Click Apply to save your changes back to the run-time memory.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 6.6.2 Creating a Private VLAN Rule Follow the steps below to configure private VLAN for VLAN 123. 1 Click Advanced Application > Private VLAN. 2 In the Private VLAN screen, select Active. Enter a descriptive name (PrivateVLAN123 for example) in the Name field and enter 123 in the VLAN ID field. List the port(s) that can communicate with any port in VLAN 123 (5 in this example).
Chapter 6 Tutorials 6.7 How to Configure Routing Policy The Switch checks the routing table and then forwards traffic through the default gateway (R1) based on the destination address. This example shows you how to configure policy route to send traffic that matches a layer-3 classifier to a different gateway (R2) for special treatment. The layer-3 classifier groups packets marked with DSCP value 58 into a flow. Packets marked with different DSCP values, such as 13 are forwarded to the default gateway.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 3 Click Add to save the settings to the run-time memory. 6.7.2 Create a Policy Routing Rule Follow the steps below to set up a policy routing profile first and then a rule to forward traffic of classifier DSCP58 to gateway R2. 1 Click IP Application > Policy Routing. 2 Select Active and enter a descriptive name for this profile (“To_R2” for example). Click Add to save the settings to the run-time memory.
Chapter 6 Tutorials 3 Click the Rule Configuration link in the Policy Route screen to create a rule in this profile. 4 Select the name of the profile with which the rule associates. Set the rule’s index number to 1 in the Sequence field. Select Permit to have the Switch send matched traffic to the specified gateway. Select the name of the layer-3 classifier to which the rule applies. Enter the IP address of gateway R2 in the Next Hop field (“10.1.2.3” in this example).
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CHAPTER 7 System Status and Port Statistics This chapter describes the system status (web configurator home page) and port details screens. 7.1 Overview The home screen of the web configurator displays a port statistical summary with links to each port showing statistical details. 7.2 Port Status Summary To view the port statistics, click Status in all web configurator screens to display the Status screen as shown next.
Chapter 7 System Status and Port Statistics The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 8 Status LABEL DESCRIPTION Port This identifies the Ethernet port. Click a port number to display the Port Details screen (refer to Figure 31 on page 97). Name This is the name you assigned to this port in the Basic Setting > Port Setup screen.
Chapter 7 System Status and Port Statistics 7.2.1 Status: Port Details Click a number in the Port column in the Status screen to display individual port statistics. Use this screen to check status and detailed performance data about an individual port on the Switch. Figure 31 Status: Port Details The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 9 Status > Port Details LABEL DESCRIPTION Port Info Port NO. This field displays the port number you are viewing.
Chapter 7 System Status and Port Statistics Table 9 Status > Port Details (continued) LABEL Status DESCRIPTION If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the port (see Section 13.1.3 on page 149 for more information). If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it displays STOP. LACP This field shows if LACP is enabled on this port or not.
Chapter 7 System Status and Port Statistics Table 9 Status > Port Details (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION RX CRC This field shows the number of packets received with CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check) error(s). Length This field shows the number of packets received with a length that was out of range. Runt This field shows the number of packets received that were too short (shorter than 64 octets), including the ones with CRC errors.
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CHAPTER 8 Basic Setting This chapter describes how to configure the System Info, General Setup, Switch Setup, IP Setup and Port Setup screens. 8.1 Overview The System Info screen displays general Switch information (such as firmware version number) and hardware polling information (such as fan speeds). The General Setup screen allows you to configure general Switch identification information.
Chapter 8 Basic Setting 8.2 System Information In the navigation panel, click Basic Setting > System Info to display the screen as shown. You can check the firmware version number and monitor the Switch temperature, fan speeds and voltage in this screen. Figure 32 Basic Setting > System Info The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 10 Basic Setting > System Info LABEL DESCRIPTION System Name This field displays the descriptive name of the Switch for identification purposes.
Chapter 8 Basic Setting Table 10 Basic Setting > System Info (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Threshold This field displays the upper temperature limit at this sensor. Status This field displays Normal for temperatures below the threshold and Error for those above. Fan Speed (RPM) A properly functioning fan is an essential component (along with a sufficiently ventilated, cool operating environment) in order for the device to stay within the temperature threshold.
Chapter 8 Basic Setting 8.3 General Setup Use this screen to configure general settings such as the system name and time. Click Basic Setting and General Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown. Figure 33 Basic Setting > General Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 11 Basic Setting > General Setup 104 LABEL DESCRIPTION System Name Type a descriptive name for identification purposes.
Chapter 8 Basic Setting Table 11 Basic Setting > General Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Use Time Server when Bootup Type the time service protocol that your timeserver uses. Not all time servers support all protocols, so you may have to use trial and error to find a protocol that works. The main differences between them are the time format. When you select the Daytime (RFC 867) format, the Switch displays the day, month, year and time with no time zone adjustment.
Chapter 8 Basic Setting Table 11 Basic Setting > General Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION End Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected Daylight Saving Time. The time field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples: Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the last Sunday of October. Each time zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time.
Chapter 8 Basic Setting 8.4.1 Smart Isolation To block traffic between two specific ports within the Switch, you can use port isolation or private VLAN (see Chapter 33 on page 315 for more information). However, it does not work across multiple switches. For example, broadcast traffic from isolated ports on a switch (say B) can be forwarded to all ports on other switches (A and C), including the isolated ports.
Chapter 8 Basic Setting Note: The uplink port connected to the Internet should be the root port. Otherwise, with smart isolation enabled, the isolated ports cannot access the Internet. 8.5 Switch Setup Screen Click Basic Setting and then Switch Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown. The VLAN setup screens change depending on whether you choose 802.1Q or Port Based in the VLAN Type field in this screen. Refer to the chapter on VLAN.
Chapter 8 Basic Setting Table 12 Basic Setting > Switch Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Smart Isolation Select Active to enable smart isolation on the Switch. The designated port(s) then becomes the isolated port. Smart isolation allows you to prevent isolated ports on different switches from transmitting traffic to each other. Note: To use smart isolation, you should have configured 802.1Q VLAN port isolation or private VLAN and (M)RSTP on the Switch.
Chapter 8 Basic Setting Table 12 Basic Setting > Switch Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems Network Architecture) transactions. Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include important business traffic that can tolerate some delay. Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Chapter 8 Basic Setting Switch in a routing domain, simply add a new routing domain entry with a different IP address in the same subnet. Figure 35 Basic Setting > IP Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 13 Basic Setting > IP Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Default Gateway Type the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for example 192.168.1.254.
Chapter 8 Basic Setting Table 13 Basic Setting > IP Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION IP Address Enter the out-of-band management IP address of your Switch in dotted decimal notation. For example, 192.168.0.1. IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask of your Switch in dotted decimal notation, for example, 255.255.255.0. Default Gateway Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for example, 192.168.0.
Chapter 8 Basic Setting 8.7 Port Setup Use this screen to configure Switch port settings. Click Basic Setting > Port Setup in the navigation panel to display the configuration screen. Figure 36 Basic Setting > Port Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 14 Basic Setting > Port Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Port This is the port index number. * Settings in this row apply to all ports. Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports.
Chapter 8 Basic Setting Table 14 Basic Setting > Port Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Speed/ Duplex Select the speed and the duplex mode of the Ethernet connection on this port. The choices are Auto, 10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full Duplex, 100M/Half Duplex and 100M/Full Duplex for a 1000Base-T connection. 1000M/Full Duplex is supported by both 1000Base-T and 1000Base-X connections. 10G/Full Duplex is supported by the 10 Gigabit Ethernet connections.
Chapter 8 Basic Setting Table 14 Basic Setting > Port Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the nonvolatile memory when you are done configuring. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER 9 VLAN The type of screen you see here depends on the VLAN Type you selected in the Switch Setup screen. This chapter shows you how to configure 802.1Q tagged and port-based VLANs. 9.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP.
Chapter 9 VLAN switch, the Switch first decides where to forward the frame and then strips off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame from an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the Switch first decides where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's default VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.
Chapter 9 VLAN Table 15 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology (continued) VLAN PARAMETER VLAN Administrative Control VLAN Tag Control VLAN Port TERM DESCRIPTION Registration Fixed Fixed registration ports are permanent VLAN members. Registration Forbidden Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to join the specified VLAN. Normal Registration Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP. Tagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN tag all outgoing frames transmitted.
Chapter 9 VLAN allow frames with VLAN group tags 1 and 2 (VLAN groups that are unknown to those switches) to pass through their VLAN trunking port(s). Figure 37 Port VLAN Trunking 9.4 Select the VLAN Type Select a VLAN type in the Basic Setting > Switch Setup screen. Figure 38 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type 9.5 Static VLAN Use a static VLAN to decide whether an incoming frame on a port should be • sent to a VLAN group as normal depending on its VLAN tag.
Chapter 9 VLAN 9.5.1 VLAN Status See Section 9.1 on page 117 for more information on Static VLAN. Click Advanced Application > VLAN from the navigation panel to display the VLAN Status screen as shown next. Figure 39 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 9 VLAN 9.5.2 VLAN Details Use this screen to view detailed port settings and status of the VLAN group. See Section 9.1 on page 117 for more information on static VLAN. Click on an index number in the VLAN Status screen to display VLAN details. Figure 40 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 17 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail LABEL DESCRIPTION VLAN Status Click this to go to the VLAN Status screen.
Chapter 9 VLAN static VLAN, click Static VLAN in the VLAN Status screen to display the screen as shown next. Figure 41 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN The following table describes the related labels in this screen. Table 18 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN LABEL DESCRIPTION ACTIVE Select this check box to activate the VLAN settings. Name Enter a descriptive name for the VLAN group for identification purposes.
Chapter 9 VLAN Table 18 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Control Select Normal for the port to dynamically join this VLAN group using GVRP. This is the default selection. Select Fixed for the port to be a permanent member of this VLAN group. Select Forbidden if you want to prohibit the port from joining this VLAN group. Tagging Select TX Tagging if you want the port to tag all outgoing frames transmitted with this VLAN Group ID.
Chapter 9 VLAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 19 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting LABEL DESCRIPTION GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a way for switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. Select this check box to permit VLAN groups beyond the local Switch. Port This field displays the port number. * Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Chapter 9 VLAN 9.6 Subnet Based VLANs Subnet based VLANs allow you to group traffic into logical VLANs based on the source IP subnet you specify. When a frame is received on a port, the Switch checks if a tag is added already and the IP subnet it came from. The untagged packets from the same IP subnet are then placed in the same subnet based VLAN. One advantage of using subnet based VLANs is that priority can be assigned to traffic from the same IP subnet.
Chapter 9 VLAN 9.7 Configuring Subnet Based VLAN Click Subnet Based VLAN in the VLAN Port Setting screen to display the configuration screen as shown. Note: Subnet based VLAN applies to un-tagged packets and is applicable only when you use IEEE 802.1Q tagged VLAN. Figure 44 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Subnet Based VLAN The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 9 VLAN Table 20 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Subnet Based VLAN Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION IP Enter the IP address of the subnet for which you want to configure this subnet based VLAN. Mask-Bits Enter the bit number of the subnet mask. To find the bit number, convert the subnet mask to binary format and add all the 1’s together. Take “255.255.255.0” for example. 255 converts to eight 1s in binary.
Chapter 9 VLAN For example, ports 1, 2, 3 and 4 belong to static VLAN 100, and ports 4, 5, 6, 7 belong to static VLAN 120. You can configure a protocol based VLAN A with priority 3 for ARP traffic received on port 1, 2 and 3. You can also have a protocol based VLAN B with priority 2 for Apple Talk traffic received on port 6 and 7.
Chapter 9 VLAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 21 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Protocol Based VLAN Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Check this box to activate this protocol based VLAN. Port Type a port number to be included in this protocol based VLAN. This port must belong to a static VLAN in order to participate in a protocol based VLAN. See Chapter 9 on page 117 for more details on setting up VLANs.
Chapter 9 VLAN 9.10 Create an IP-based VLAN Example This example shows you how to create an IP VLAN which includes ports 1, 4 and 8. Follow these steps using the screen below: 1 Activate this protocol based VLAN. 2 Type the port number you want to include in this protocol based VLAN. Type 1. 3 Give this protocol-based VLAN a descriptive name. Type IP-VLAN. 4 Select the protocol. Leave the default value IP. 5 Type the VLAN ID of an existing VLAN.
Chapter 9 VLAN 9.11 Port-based VLAN Setup Port-based VLANs are VLANs where the packet forwarding decision is based on the destination MAC address and its associated port. Port-based VLANs require allowed outgoing ports to be defined for each port. Therefore, if you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each other, for example, between conference rooms in a hotel, you must define the egress (an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port through which a data packet leaves) for both ports.
Chapter 9 VLAN The following screen shows users on a port-based, all-connected VLAN configuration.
Chapter 9 VLAN The following screen shows users on a port-based, port-isolated VLAN configuration.
Chapter 9 VLAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 22 Advanced Application > VLAN: Port Based VLAN Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Setting Wizard Choose All connected or Port isolation. All connected means all ports can communicate with each other, that is, there are no virtual LANs. All incoming and outgoing ports are selected. This option is the most flexible but also the least secure.
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CHAPTER 10 Static MAC Forward Setup Use these screens to configure static MAC address forwarding. 10.1 Overview This chapter discusses how to configure forwarding rules based on MAC addresses of devices on your network. 10.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding A static MAC address is an address that has been manually entered in the MAC address table. Static MAC addresses do not age out. When you set up static MAC address rules, you are setting static MAC addresses for a port.
Chapter 10 Static MAC Forward Setup Click Advanced Applications > Static MAC Forwarding in the navigation panel to display the configuration screen as shown. Figure 50 Advanced Application > Static MAC Forwarding The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 23 Advanced Application > Static MAC Forwarding LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate a rule without deleting it by clearing this check box.
Chapter 10 Static MAC Forward Setup Table 23 Advanced Application > Static MAC Forwarding (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Port This field displays the port where the MAC address shown in the next field will be forwarded. Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table. Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
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CHAPTER 11 Static Multicast Forward Setup Use these screens to configure static multicast address forwarding. 11.1 Static Multicast Forwarding Overview A multicast MAC address is the MAC address of a member of a multicast group. A static multicast address is a multicast MAC address that has been manually entered in the multicast table. Static multicast addresses do not age out.
Chapter 11 Static Multicast Forward Setup connected to port 3. Figure 53 shows frames being forwarded to ports 2 and 3 within VLAN group 4. Figure 51 No Static Multicast Forwarding Figure 52 Static Multicast Forwarding to A Single Port Figure 53 Static Multicast Forwarding to Multiple Ports 11.2 Configuring Static Multicast Forwarding Use this screen to configure rules to forward specific multicast frames, such as streaming or control frames, to specific port(s).
Chapter 11 Static Multicast Forward Setup Click Advanced Application > Static Multicast Forwarding to display the configuration screen as shown. Figure 54 Advanced Application > Static Multicast Forwarding The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 24 Advanced Application > Static Multicast Forwarding LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate a rule without deleting it by clearing this check box.
Chapter 11 Static Multicast Forward Setup Table 24 Advanced Application > Static Multicast Forwarding (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Active This field displays whether a static multicast MAC address forwarding rule is active (Yes) or not (No). You may temporarily deactivate a rule without deleting it. Name This field displays the descriptive name for identification purposes for a static multicast MAC address-forwarding rule.
CHAPTER 12 Filtering This chapter discusses MAC address port filtering. 12.1 Configure a Filtering Rule Configure the Switch to filter traffic based on the traffic’s source, destination MAC addresses and/or VLAN group (ID). Click Advanced Application > Filtering in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown next. Figure 55 Advanced Application > Filtering The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Chapter 12 Filtering Table 25 Advanced Application > FIltering (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Action Select Discard source to drop frames from the source MAC address (specified in the MAC field). The Switch can still send frames to the MAC address. Select Discard destination to drop frames to the destination MAC address (specified in the MAC address). The Switch can still receive frames originating from the MAC address.
CHAPTER 13 Spanning Tree Protocol The Switch supports Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) and Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) as defined in the following standards. • IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol • IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol • IEEE 802.1s Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol The Switch also allows you to set up multiple STP configurations (or trees). Ports can then be assigned to the trees. 13.
Chapter 13 Spanning Tree Protocol Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame onto a LAN through that port. The recommended cost is assigned according to the speed of the link to which a port is attached. The slower the media, the higher the cost.
Chapter 13 Spanning Tree Protocol 13.1.3 STP Port States STP assigns five port states to eliminate packet looping. A bridge port is not allowed to go directly from blocking state to forwarding state so as to eliminate transient loops. Table 27 STP Port States PORT STATE DESCRIPTION Disabled STP is disabled (default). Blocking Only configuration and management BPDUs are received and processed. Listening All BPDUs are received and processed. Note: The listening state does not exist in RSTP.
Chapter 13 Spanning Tree Protocol Note: Each port can belong to one STP tree only. 13.1.5 Multiple STP Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1s) is backwards compatible with STP/ RSTP and addresses the limitations of existing spanning tree protocols (STP and RSTP) in networks to include the following features: • One Common and Internal Spanning Tree (CIST) that represents the entire network’s connectivity.
Chapter 13 Spanning Tree Protocol With MSTP, VLANs 1 and 2 are mapped to different spanning trees in the network. Thus traffic from the two VLANs travel on different paths. The following figure shows the network example using MSTP. Figure 58 MSTP Network Example A VLAN 1 VLAN 2 B 13.1.5.2 MST Region An MST region is a logical grouping of multiple network devices that appears as a single device to the rest of the network. Each MSTP-enabled device can only belong to one MST region.
Chapter 13 Spanning Tree Protocol The following figure shows an example where there are two MST regions. Regions 1 and 2 have 2 spanning tree instances. Figure 59 MSTIs in Different Regions 13.1.5.4 Common and Internal Spanning Tree (CIST) A CIST represents the connectivity of the entire network and it is equivalent to a spanning tree in an STP/RSTP. The CIST is the default MST instance (MSTID 0). Any VLANs that are not members of an MST instance are members of the CIST.
Chapter 13 Spanning Tree Protocol 13.2 Spanning Tree Protocol Status Screen The Spanning Tree Protocol status screen changes depending on what standard you choose to implement on your network. Click Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol to see the screen as shown. Figure 61 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol This screen differs depending on which STP mode (RSTP, MRSTP or MSTP) you configure on the Switch.
Chapter 13 Spanning Tree Protocol The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 28 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Configuration LABEL DESCRIPTION Spanning Tree Mode You can activate one of the STP modes on the Switch. Select Rapid Spanning Tree, Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree or Multiple Spanning Tree. See Section 13.1 on page 147 for background information on STP. Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory.
Chapter 13 Spanning Tree Protocol The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 29 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > RSTP LABEL DESCRIPTION Status Click Status to display the RSTP Status screen (see Figure 64 on page 157). Active Select this check box to activate RSTP. Clear this checkbox to disable RSTP. Note: You must also activate Rapid Spanning Tree in the Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Configuration screen to enable RSTP on the Switch.
Chapter 13 Spanning Tree Protocol Table 29 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > RSTP (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this check box to activate RSTP on this port. Edge Select this check box to configure a port as an edge port when it is directly attached to a computer.
Chapter 13 Spanning Tree Protocol Note: This screen is only available after you activate RSTP on the Switch. Figure 64 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: RSTP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 30 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: RSTP LABEL DESCRIPTION Configuration Click Configuration to specify which STP mode you want to activate. Click RSTP to edit RSTP settings on the Switch.
Chapter 13 Spanning Tree Protocol 13.6 Configure Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol To configure MRSTP, click MRSTP in the Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol screen. See Section 13.1 on page 147 for more information on MRSTP. Figure 65 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MRSTP The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 13 Spanning Tree Protocol Table 31 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MRSTP (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Bridge Priority Bridge priority is used in determining the root switch, root port and designated port. The switch with the highest priority (lowest numeric value) becomes the STP root switch. If all switches have the same priority, the switch with the lowest MAC address will then become the root switch. Select a value from the drop-down list box.
Chapter 13 Spanning Tree Protocol Table 31 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MRSTP (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Priority Configure the priority for each port here. Priority decides which port should be disabled when more than one port forms a loop in the Switch. Ports with a higher priority numeric value are disabled first. The allowed range is between 0 and 255 and the default value is 128. Path Cost Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame on to a LAN through that port.
Chapter 13 Spanning Tree Protocol The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 32 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MRSTP LABEL DESCRIPTION Configuration Click Configuration to specify which STP mode you want to activate. Click MRSTP to edit MRSTP settings on the Switch. Tree Select which STP tree configuration you want to view. Bridge Root refers to the base of the spanning tree (the root bridge). Our Bridge is this Switch.
Chapter 13 Spanning Tree Protocol 13.8 Configure Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol To configure MSTP, click MSTP in the Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol screen. See Section 13.1.5 on page 150 for more information on MSTP.
Chapter 13 Spanning Tree Protocol The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 33 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MSTP LABEL DESCRIPTION Status Click Status to display the MSTP Status screen (see Figure 69 on page 166). Active Select this check box to activate MSTP on the Switch. Clear this checkbox to disable MSTP on the Switch.
Chapter 13 Spanning Tree Protocol Table 33 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MSTP (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Bridge Priority Set the priority of the Switch for the specific spanning tree instance. The lower the number, the more likely the Switch will be chosen as the root bridge within the spanning tree instance.
Chapter 13 Spanning Tree Protocol Table 33 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MSTP (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Delete Check the rule(s) that you want to remove in the Delete column and then click the Delete button. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. 13.8.1 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Port Configuration To configure MSTP ports, click Port in the Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MSTP screen.
Chapter 13 Spanning Tree Protocol Table 34 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MSTP > Port LABEL DESCRIPTION Edge Select this check box to configure a port as an edge port when it is directly attached to a computer. An edge port changes its initial STP port state from blocking state to forwarding state immediately without going through listening and learning states right after the port is configured as an edge port or when its link status changes.
Chapter 13 Spanning Tree Protocol The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 35 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MSTP LABEL DESCRIPTION Configuration Click Configuration to specify which STP mode you want to activate. Click MSTP to edit MSTP settings on the Switch. CST This section describes the Common Spanning Tree settings. Bridge Root refers to the base of the spanning tree (the root bridge). Our Bridge is this Switch.
Chapter 13 Spanning Tree Protocol Table 35 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MSTP 168 LABEL DESCRIPTION Internal Cost This is the path cost from the root port in this MST instance to the regional root switch. Port ID This is the priority and number of the port on the Switch through which this Switch must communicate with the root of the MST instance.
CHAPTER 14 Bandwidth Control This chapter shows you how you can cap the maximum bandwidth using the Bandwidth Control screen. 14.1 Bandwidth Control Overview Bandwidth control means defining a maximum allowable bandwidth for incoming and/or out-going traffic flows on a port. 14.1.1 CIR and PIR The Committed Information Rate (CIR) is the guaranteed bandwidth for the incoming traffic flow on a port.
Chapter 14 Bandwidth Control 14.2 Bandwidth Control Setup Click Advanced Application > Bandwidth Control in the navigation panel to bring up the screen as shown next. Figure 70 Advanced Application > Bandwidth Control The following table describes the related labels in this screen. Table 36 Advanced Application > Bandwidth Control LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this check box to enable bandwidth control on the Switch. Port This field displays the port number.
Chapter 14 Bandwidth Control Table 36 Advanced Application > Bandwidth Control (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this check box to activate egress rate limits on this port. Egress Rate Specify the maximum bandwidth allowed in kilobits per second (Kbps) for the out-going traffic flow on a port. Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory.
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CHAPTER 15 Broadcast Storm Control This chapter introduces and shows you how to configure the broadcast storm control feature. 15.1 Broadcast Storm Control Setup Broadcast storm control limits the number of broadcast, multicast and destination lookup failure (DLF) packets the Switch receives per second on the ports. When the maximum number of allowable broadcast, multicast and/or DLF packets is reached per second, the subsequent packets are discarded.
Chapter 15 Broadcast Storm Control The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 37 Advanced Application > Broadcast Storm Control LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this check box to enable traffic storm control on the Switch. Clear this check box to disable this feature. Port This field displays a port number. * Settings in this row apply to all ports. Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports.
CHAPTER 16 Mirroring This chapter discusses port mirroring setup screens. 16.1 Port Mirroring Setup Port mirroring allows you to copy a traffic flow to a monitor port (the port you copy the traffic to) in order that you can examine the traffic from the monitor port without interference. Click Advanced Application > Mirroring in the navigation panel to display the Mirroring screen. Use this screen to select a monitor port and specify the traffic flow to be copied to the monitor port.
Chapter 16 Mirroring The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 38 Advanced Application > Mirroring LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this check box to activate port mirroring on the Switch. Clear this check box to disable the feature. Monitor Port The monitor port is the port you copy the traffic to in order to examine it in more detail without interfering with the traffic flow on the original port(s). Type the port number of the monitor port.
CHAPTER 17 Link Aggregation This chapter shows you how to logically aggregate physical links to form one logical, higher-bandwidth link. 17.1 Link Aggregation Overview Link aggregation (trunking) is the grouping of physical ports into one logical higher-capacity link. You may want to trunk ports if for example, it is cheaper to use multiple lower-speed links than to under-utilize a high-speed, but more costly, single-port link.
Chapter 17 Link Aggregation When you enable LACP link aggregation on a port, the port can automatically negotiate with the ports at the remote end of a link to establish trunk groups. LACP also allows port redundancy, that is, if an operational port fails, then one of the “standby” ports become operational without user intervention. Please note that: • You must connect all ports point-to-point to the same Ethernet switch and configure the ports for LACP trunking. • LACP only works on full-duplex links.
Chapter 17 Link Aggregation 17.3 Link Aggregation Status Click Advanced Application > Link Aggregation in the navigation panel. The Link Aggregation Status screen displays by default. See Section 17.1 on page 177 for more information. Figure 73 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation Status The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 17 Link Aggregation Table 41 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation Status (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Criteria This shows the outgoing traffic distribution algorithm used in this trunk group. Packets from the same source and/or to the same destination are sent over the same link within the trunk. src-mac means the Switch distributes traffic based on the packet’s source MAC address. dst-mac means the Switch distributes traffic based on the packet’s destination MAC address.
Chapter 17 Link Aggregation 17.4 Link Aggregation Setting Click Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting to display the screen shown next. See Section 17.1 on page 177 for more information on link aggregation. Figure 74 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 17 Link Aggregation Table 42 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting LABEL DESCRIPTION Criteria Select the outgoing traffic distribution type. Packets from the same source and/or to the same destination are sent over the same link within the trunk. By default, the Switch uses the src-dst-mac distribution type. If the Switch is behind a router, the packet’s destination or source MAC address will be changed.
Chapter 17 Link Aggregation 17.5 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Click in the Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting > LACP to display the screen shown next. See Section 17.2 on page 177 for more information on dynamic link aggregation.
Chapter 17 Link Aggregation The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 43 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting > LACP LABEL Link Aggregation Control Protocol DESCRIPTION Note: Do not configure this screen unless you want to enable dynamic link aggregation. Active Select this checkbox to enable Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP). System Priority LACP system priority is a number between 1 and 65,535.
Chapter 17 Link Aggregation 1 Make your physical connections - make sure that the ports that you want to belong to the trunk group are connected to the same destination. The following figure shows ports 2-5 on switch A connected to switch B. Figure 76 Trunking Example - Physical Connections B A 2 Configure static trunking - Click Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting.
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CHAPTER 18 Port Authentication This chapter describes the IEEE 802.1x and MAC authentication methods. 18.1 Port Authentication Overview Port authentication is a way to validate access to ports on the Switch to clients based on an external server (authentication server). The Switch supports the following methods for port authentication: • IEEE 802.1x2 - An authentication server validates access to a port based on a username and password provided by the user.
Chapter 18 Port Authentication credentials, the Switch sends an authentication request to a RADIUS server. The RADIUS server validates whether this client is allowed access to the port. Figure 78 IEEE 802.1x Authentication Process 1 New Connection 2 Identity Request 3 4 Login Credentials Authentication Request 5 6 Access Challenge Challenge Request 7 8 Challenge Response Access Request 9 Authentication Reply Session Granted/Denied 18.1.
Chapter 18 Port Authentication client connecting to a port on the Switch along with a password configured specifically for MAC authentication on the Switch. Figure 79 MAC Authentication Process 1 New Connection 2 Authentication Request 3 Authentication Reply Session Granted/Denied 18.
Chapter 18 Port Authentication 18.2.1 Activate IEEE 802.1x Security Use this screen to activate IEEE 802.1x security. In the Port Authentication screen click 802.1x to display the configuration screen as shown. Figure 81 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > 802.1x The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 44 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > 802.1x LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this check box to permit 802.1x authentication on the Switch.
Chapter 18 Port Authentication Table 44 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > 802.1x (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Max-Req Specify the number of times the Switch tries to authenticate client(s) before sending unresponsive ports to the Guest VLAN. This is set to 2 by default. That is, the Switch attempts to authenticate a client twice. If the client does not respond to the first authentication request, the Switch tries again.
Chapter 18 Port Authentication rights granted to the Guest VLAN depends on how the network administrator configures switches or routers with the guest network feature. Figure 82 Guest VLAN Example VLAN 100 VLAN 102 Internet 2 A Use this screen to enable and assign a guest VLAN to a port. In the Port Authentication > 802.1x screen click Guest Vlan to display the configuration screen as shown. Figure 83 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > 802.
Chapter 18 Port Authentication The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 45 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > 802.1x > Guest VLAN LABEL DESCRIPTION Port This field displays a port number. * Settings in this row apply to all ports. Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port basis.
Chapter 18 Port Authentication 18.2.3 Activate MAC Authentication Use this screen to activate MAC authentication. In the Port Authentication screen click MAC Authentication to display the configuration screen as shown. Figure 84 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > MAC Authentication The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 18 Port Authentication Table 46 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > MAC Authentication LABEL DESCRIPTION Timeout Specify the amount of time before the Switch allows a client MAC address that fails authentication to try and authenticate again. Maximum time is 3000 seconds. When a client fails MAC authentication, its MAC address is learned by the MAC address table with a status of denied.
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CHAPTER 19 Port Security This chapter shows you how to set up port security. 19.1 About Port Security Port security allows only packets with dynamically learned MAC addresses and/or configured static MAC addresses to pass through a port on the Switch. The XGS4728F can learn up to 16K MAC addresses in total with no limit on individual ports other than the sum cannot exceed 16K.
Chapter 19 Port Security 19.2 Port Security Setup Click Advanced Application > Port Security in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown. Figure 85 Advanced Application > Port Security The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 47 Advanced Application > Port Security LABEL DESCRIPTION Port List Enter the number of the port(s) (separated by a comma) on which you want to enable port security and disable MAC address learning.
Chapter 19 Port Security Table 47 Advanced Application > Port Security (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this check box to enable the port security feature on this port. The Switch forwards packets whose MAC address(es) is in the MAC address table on this port. Packets with no matching MAC address(es) are dropped. Clear this check box to disable the port security feature. The Switch forwards all packets on this port. Address Learning MAC address learning reduces outgoing broadcast traffic.
Chapter 19 Port Security The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 48 Advanced Application > Port Security > VLAN MAC Address Limit 200 LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this option to activate this rule. Port Enter the number of the port to which this rule is applied. VID Enter the VLAN identification number. Limit Number Use this field to limit the number of (dynamic) MAC addresses that may be learned on a port in a specified VLAN.
CHAPTER 20 Classifier This chapter introduces and shows you how to configure the packet classifier on the Switch. 20.1 About the Classifier and QoS Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network's ability to deliver data with minimum delay, and the networking methods used to control the use of bandwidth. Without QoS, all traffic data is equally likely to be dropped when the network is congested.
Chapter 20 Classifier Click Advanced Application > Classifier in the navigation panel to display the configuration screen as shown. Figure 87 Advanced Application > Classifier The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 49 Advanced Application > Classifier LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this option to enable this rule. Name Enter a descriptive name for this rule for identifying purposes. Packet Format Specify the format of the packet. Choices are All, 802.3 tagged, 802.
Chapter 20 Classifier Table 49 Advanced Application > Classifier (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Layer 2 Specify the fields below to configure a layer-2 classifier. VLAN Select Any to classify traffic from any VLAN or select the second option and specify the source VLAN ID in the field provided. Priority Select Any to classify traffic from any priority level or select the second option and specify a priority level in the field provided.
Chapter 20 Classifier Table 49 Advanced Application > Classifier (continued) LABEL Socket Number DESCRIPTION Note: You must select either UDP or TCP in the IP Protocol field before you configure the socket numbers. Select Any to apply the rule to all TCP/UDP protocol port numbers or select the second option and enter a TCP/UDP protocol port number. Add Click Add to insert the entry in the summary table below and save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory.
Chapter 20 Classifier Table 50 Classifier: Summary Table LABEL DESCRIPTION Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table. Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes. The following table shows some other common Ethernet types and the corresponding protocol number. Table 51 Common Ethernet Types and Protocol Number ETHERNET TYPE PROTOCOL NUMBER IP ETHII 0800 X.75 Internet 0801 NBS Internet 0802 ECMA Internet 0803 Chaosnet 0804 X.
Chapter 20 Classifier 20.4 Classifier Example The following screen shows an example of configuring a classifier that identifies all traffic from MAC address 00:50:ba:ad:4f:81 on port 2. Figure 89 Classifier: Example EXAMPLE After you have configured a classifier, you can configure a policy to define action(s) on the classified traffic flow. See Chapter 21 on page 207 for information on configuring a policy rule.
CHAPTER 21 Policy Rule This chapter shows you how to configure policy rules. 21.1 Policy Rules Overview A classifier distinguishes traffic into flows based on the configured criteria (refer to Chapter 20 on page 201 for more information). A policy rule ensures that a traffic flow gets the requested treatment in the network. 21.1.
Chapter 21 Policy Rule The DSCP value determines the forwarding behavior, the PHB (Per-Hop Behavior), that each packet gets across the DiffServ network. Based on the marking rule, different kinds of traffic can be marked for different kinds of forwarding. Resources can then be allocated according to the DSCP values and the configured policies. 21.2 Configuring Policy Rules You must first configure a classifier in the Classifier screen. Refer to Section 20.2 on page 201 for more information.
Chapter 21 Policy Rule Click Advanced Applications > Policy Rule in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown. Figure 90 Advanced Application > Policy Rule The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 53 Advanced Application > Policy Rule LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this option to enable the policy. Name Enter a descriptive name for identification purposes.
Chapter 21 Policy Rule Table 53 Advanced Application > Policy Rule (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Classifier(s) This field displays the active classifier(s) you configure in the Classifier screen. Select the classifier(s) to which this policy rule applies. To select more than one classifier, press [SHIFT] and select the choices at the same time. Parameters Set the fields below for this policy. You only have to set the field(s) that is related to the action(s) you configure in the Action field.
Chapter 21 Policy Rule Table 53 Advanced Application > Policy Rule (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Outgoing Select Send the packet to the mirror port to send the packet to the mirror port. Select Send the packet to the egress port to send the packet to the egress port. Metering Select Enable to activate bandwidth limitation on the traffic flow(s) then set the actions to be taken on out-of-profile packets. Out-of-profile action Select the action(s) to be performed for out-of-profile traffic.
Chapter 21 Policy Rule The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 54 Policy: Summary Table 212 LABEL DESCRIPTION Index This field displays the policy index number. Click an index number to edit the policy. Active This field displays Yes when policy is activated and No when is it deactivated. Name This field displays the name you have assigned to this policy. Classifier(s) This field displays the name(s) of the classifier to which this policy applies.
Chapter 21 Policy Rule 21.4 Policy Example The figure below shows an example Policy screen where you configure a policy to limit bandwidth and discard out-of-profile traffic on a traffic flow classified using the Example classifier (refer to Section 20.4 on page 206).
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CHAPTER 22 Queuing Method This chapter introduces the queuing methods supported. 22.1 Queuing Method Overview Queuing is used to help solve performance degradation when there is network congestion. Use the Queuing Method screen to configure queuing algorithms for outgoing traffic. See also Priority Queue Assignment in Switch Setup and 802.1p Priority in Port Setup for related information.
Chapter 22 Queuing Method 2(Weight -1) x 10 KB If the weight setting is 5, the actual quantum guaranteed to the associated queue would be as follows: 24 x 10KB = 160 KB 22.1.3 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) Round Robin Scheduling services queues on a rotating basis and is activated only when a port has more traffic than it can handle. A queue is given an amount of bandwidth irrespective of the incoming traffic on that port. This queue then moves to the back of the list.
Chapter 22 Queuing Method 22.2 Configuring Queuing Click Advanced Application > Queuing Method in the navigation panel. Figure 93 Advanced Application > Queuing Method The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 55 Advanced Application > Queuing Method LABEL DESCRIPTION Port This label shows the port you are configuring. * Settings in this row apply to all ports. Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports.
Chapter 22 Queuing Method Table 55 Advanced Application > Queuing Method (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Method Select SPQ (Strictly Priority Queuing), WFQ (Weighted Fair Queuing) or WRR (Weighted Round Robin). Strictly Priority services queues based on priority only. When the highest priority queue empties, traffic on the next highest-priority queue begins. Q7 has the highest priority and Q0 the lowest.
CHAPTER 23 VLAN Stacking This chapter shows you how to configure VLAN stacking on your Switch. See the chapter on VLANs for more background information on Virtual LAN 23.1 VLAN Stacking Overview A service provider can use VLAN stacking to allow it to distinguish multiple customers VLANs, even those with the same (customer-assigned) VLAN ID, within its network. Use VLAN stacking to add an outer VLAN tag to the inner IEEE 802.1Q tagged frames that enter the network.
Chapter 23 VLAN Stacking distinguish customer A and tag 48 to distinguish customer B at edge device 1 and then stripping those tags at edge device 2 as the data frames leave the network. Figure 94 VLAN Stacking Example 23.2 VLAN Stacking Port Roles Each port can have three VLAN stacking “roles”, Normal, Access Port and Tunnel Port (the latter is for Gigabit ports only). • Select Normal for “regular” (non-VLAN stacking) IEEE 802.1Q frame switching.
Chapter 23 VLAN Stacking 23.3 VLAN Tag Format A VLAN tag (service provider VLAN stacking or customer IEEE 802.1Q) consists of the following three fields. Table 56 VLAN Tag Format Type Priority VID Type is a standard Ethernet type code identifying the frame and indicates that whether the frame carries IEEE 802.1Q tag information. SP TPID (Service Provider Tag Protocol Identifier) is the service provider VLAN stacking tag type. Many vendors use 0x8100 or 0x9100.
Chapter 23 VLAN Stacking Configure the fields as highlighted in the Switch VLAN Stacking screen. Table 57 Single and Double Tagged 802.11Q Frame Format DA D A SA SPTPI D SA Len/ Etype Dat a FCS Untagged Ethernet frame DA SA TPI D Priorit VI y D Len/ Etype Dat a FCS IEEE 802.1Q customer tagged frame Priori ty VI D TPI D Priorit VI y D Len/ Etype Dat a FCS Doubletagged frame Table 58 802.1Q Frame DA Destination Address Priority 802.
Chapter 23 VLAN Stacking The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 59 Advanced Application > VLAN Stacking LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this checkbox to enable VLAN stacking on the Switch. Port The port number identifies the port you are configuring. * Settings in this row apply to all ports. Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a portby-port basis.
Chapter 23 VLAN Stacking Click Port-based QinQ in the Advanced Application > VLAN Stacking screen to display the screen as shown. Figure 96 Advanced Application > VLAN Stacking > Port-based QinQ The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 60 Advanced Application > VLAN Stacking > Port-based QinQ LABEL DESCRIPTION Port The port number identifies the port you are configuring. SPVID SPVID is the service provider’s VLAN ID (the outer VLAN tag).
Chapter 23 VLAN Stacking Note: Selective Q-in-Q rules are only applied to single-tagged frames received on the access ports. If the incoming frames are untagged or single-tagged but received on a tunnel port or cannot match any selective Q-in-Q rules, the Switch applies the port-based Q-in-Q rules to them. Click Selective QinQ in the Advanced Application > VLAN Stacking screen to display the screen as shown.
Chapter 23 VLAN Stacking Table 61 Advanced Application > VLAN Stacking > Selective QinQ (continued) 226 LABEL DESCRIPTION Port This is the port number to which this rule is applied. CVID This is the customer VLAN ID in the incoming packets. SPVID This is the service provider’s VLAN ID that adds to the packets from the subscribers. Priority This is the service provider’s priority level in the packets.
CHAPTER 24 Multicast This chapter shows you how to configure various multicast features. 24.1 Multicast Overview Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender to 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender to everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to just a group of hosts on the network. IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a multicast group - it is not used to carry user data.
Chapter 24 Multicast 24.1.3 IGMP Snooping The Switch can passively snoop on IGMP packets transferred between IP multicast routers/switches and IP multicast hosts to learn the IP multicast group membership. It checks IGMP packets passing through it, picks out the group registration information, and configures multicasting accordingly. IGMP snooping allows the Switch to learn multicast groups without you having to manually configure them.
Chapter 24 Multicast 24.3 Multicast Setting Click Advanced Applications > Multicast > Multicast Setting link to display the screen as shown. See Section 24.1 on page 227 for more information on multicasting. Figure 99 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 63 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting LABEL DESCRIPTION IGMP Snooping Use these settings to configure IGMP Snooping.
Chapter 24 Multicast Table 63 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION IGMP Filtering Select Active to enable IGMP filtering to control which IGMP groups a subscriber on a port can join. Note: If you enable IGMP filtering, you must create and assign IGMP filtering profiles for the ports that you want to allow to join multicast groups. Unknown Multicast Frame Specify the action to perform when the Switch receives an unknown multicast frame.
Chapter 24 Multicast Table 63 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Fast Leave Enter an IGMP fast leave timeout value (from 200 to 6,348,800) in miliseconds. Select this option to have the Switch use this timeout to update the forwarding table for the port.
Chapter 24 Multicast 24.4 IGMP Snooping VLAN Click Advanced Applications > Multicast in the navigation panel. Click the Multicast Setting link and then the IGMP Snooping VLAN link to display the screen as shown. See Section 24.1.4 on page 228 for more information on IGMP Snooping VLAN. Figure 100 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Snooping VLAN The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 24 Multicast Table 64 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Snooping VLAN (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. VLAN Use this section of the screen to add VLANs upon which the Switch is to perform IGMP snooping. Name Enter the descriptive name of the VLAN for identification purposes. VID Enter the ID of a static VLAN; the valid range is between 1 and 4094.
Chapter 24 Multicast Click Advanced Applications > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Filtering Profile link to display the screen as shown. Figure 101 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Filtering Profile The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 65 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Filtering Profile LABEL DESCRIPTION Profile Name Enter a descriptive name for the profile for identification purposes.
Chapter 24 Multicast Table 65 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Filtering Profile (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Delete To delete the profile(s) and all the accompanying rules, select the profile(s) that you want to remove in the Delete Profile column, then click the Delete button. To delete a rule(s) from a profile, select the rule(s) that you want to remove in the Delete Rule column, then click the Delete button.
Chapter 24 Multicast Once configured, the Switch maintains a forwarding table that matches the multicast stream to the associated multicast group. 24.6.2 MVR Modes You can set your Switch to operate in either dynamic or compatible mode. In dynamic mode, the Switch sends IGMP leave and join reports to the other multicast devices (such as multicast routers or servers) in the multicast VLAN.
Chapter 24 Multicast 24.7 General MVR Configuration Use the MVR screen to create multicast VLANs and select the receiver port(s) and a source port for each multicast VLAN. Click Advanced Applications > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR link to display the screen as shown next. Note: You can create up to five multicast VLANs and up to 256 multicast rules on the Switch. Note: Your Switch automatically creates a static VLAN (with the same VID) when you create a multicast VLAN in this screen.
Chapter 24 Multicast Table 66 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION 802.1p Priority Select a priority level (0-7) with which the Switch replaces the priority in outgoing IGMP control packets (belonging to this multicast VLAN). Mode Specify the MVR mode on the Switch. Choices are Dynamic and Compatible. Select Dynamic to send IGMP reports to all MVR source ports in the multicast VLAN. Select Compatible to set the Switch not to send IGMP reports.
Chapter 24 Multicast 24.8 MVR Group Configuration All source ports and receiver ports belonging to a multicast group can receive multicast data sent to this multicast group. Configure MVR IP multicast group address(es) in the Group Configuration screen. Click Group Configuration in the MVR screen. Note: A port can belong to more than one multicast VLAN. However, IP multicast group addresses in different multicast VLANs cannot overlap.
Chapter 24 Multicast Table 67 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR: Group Configuration LABEL DESCRIPTION Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the nonvolatile memory when you are done configuring. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. MVLAN This field displays the multicast VLAN ID.
Chapter 24 Multicast To configure the MVR settings on the Switch, create a multicast group in the MVR screen and set the receiver and source ports. Figure 107 MVR Configuration Example EXAMPLE To set the Switch to forward the multicast group traffic to the subscribers, configure multicast group settings in the Group Configuration screen.
Chapter 24 Multicast following figure shows an example where two multicast groups (News and Movie) are configured for the multicast VLAN 200.
CHAPTER 25 AAA This chapter describes how to configure authentication, authorization and accounting settings on the Switch. 25.1 Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) Authentication is the process of determining who a user is and validating access to the Switch. The Switch can authenticate users who try to log in based on user accounts configured on the Switch itself. The Switch can also use an external authentication server to authenticate a large number of users.
Chapter 25 AAA 25.1.2 on page 244) as external authentication, authorization and accounting servers. Figure 110 AAA Server Client AAA Server 25.1.1 Local User Accounts By storing user profiles locally on the Switch, your Switch is able to authenticate and authorize users without interacting with a network AAA server. However, there is a limit on the number of users you may authenticate in this way (See Chapter 46 on page 397). 25.1.
Chapter 25 AAA Click Advanced Application > AAA in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown. Figure 111 Advanced Application > AAA 25.2.1 RADIUS Server Setup Use this screen to configure your RADIUS server settings. See Section 25.1.2 on page 244 for more information on RADIUS servers and Section 25.3 on page 254 for RADIUS attributes utilized by the authentication and accounting features on the Switch. Click on the RADIUS Server Setup link in the AAA screen to view the screen as shown.
Chapter 25 AAA The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 69 Advanced Application > AAA > RADIUS Server Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Authentication Server Use this section to configure your RADIUS authentication settings. Mode This field only applies if you configure multiple RADIUS servers.
Chapter 25 AAA Table 69 Advanced Application > AAA > RADIUS Server Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Shared Secret Specify a password (up to 32 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external RADIUS accounting server and the Switch. This key is not sent over the network. This key must be the same on the external RADIUS accounting server and the Switch. Delete Check this box if you want to remove an existing RADIUS accounting server entry from the Switch.
Chapter 25 AAA The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 70 Advanced Application > AAA > TACACS+ Server Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Authentication Server Use this section to configure your TACACS+ authentication settings. Mode This field is only valid if you configure multiple TACACS+ servers.
Chapter 25 AAA Table 70 Advanced Application > AAA > TACACS+ Server Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Shared Secret Specify a password (up to 32 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external TACACS+ accounting server and the Switch. This key is not sent over the network. This key must be the same on the external TACACS+ accounting server and the Switch. Delete Check this box if you want to remove an existing TACACS+ accounting server entry from the Switch.
Chapter 25 AAA The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 71 Advanced Application > AAA > AAA Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Authentication Use this section to specify the methods used to authenticate users accessing the Switch. Privilege Enable These fields specify which database the Switch should use (first, second and third) to authenticate access privilege level for administrator accounts (users for Switch management).
Chapter 25 AAA Table 71 Advanced Application > AAA > AAA Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Type Set whether the Switch provides the following services to a user. • • Exec: Allow an administrator which logs in the Switch through Telnet or SSH to have different access privilege level assigned via the external server. Dot1x: Allow an IEEE 802.1x client to have different bandwidth limit or VLAN ID assigned via the external server.
Chapter 25 AAA Table 71 Advanced Application > AAA > AAA Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the nonvolatile memory when you are done configuring. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. 25.2.
Chapter 25 AAA Table 72 Supported VSAs FUNCTION ATTRIBUTE Egress Bandwidth Assignment Vendor-Id = 890 Vendor-Type = 2 Vendor-data = egress rate (Kbps in decimal format) Privilege Assignment Vendor-ID = 890 Vendor-Type = 3 Vendor-Data = "shell:priv-lvl=N" or Vendor-ID = 9 (CISCO) Vendor-Type = 1 (CISCO-AVPAIR) Vendor-Data = "shell:priv-lvl=N" where N is a privilege level (from 0 to 14).
Chapter 25 AAA 25.3 Supported RADIUS Attributes Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) attributes are data used to define specific authentication, and accounting elements in a user profile, which is stored on the RADIUS server. This section lists the RADIUS attributes supported by the Switch. Refer to RFC 2865 for more information about RADIUS attributes used for authentication. Refer to RFC 2866 and RFC 2869 for RADIUS attributes used for accounting.
Chapter 25 AAA - This value is set to Ethernet(15) on the Switch. Calling-Station-Id Frame-MTU EAP-Message State Message-Authenticator 25.3.2 Attributes Used for Accounting The following sections list the attributes sent from the Switch to the RADIUS server when performing authentication. 25.3.2.
Chapter 25 AAA Table 75 RADIUS Attributes - Exec Events via Telnet/SSH ATTRIBUTE START INTERIM-UPDATE STOP User-Name D D D NAS-Identifier D D D NAS-IP-Address D D D Service-Type D D D Calling-Station-Id D D D Acct-Status-Type D D D Acct-Delay-Time D D D Acct-Session-Id D D D Acct-Authentic D D D D D Acct-Session-Time Acct-Terminate-Cause D 25.3.2.3 Attributes Used for Accounting IEEE 802.
Chapter 25 AAA Table 76 RADIUS Attributes - Exec Events via Console ATTRIBUTE INTERIM-UPDATE STOP Acct-Input-Gigawords D D Acct-OutputGigawords D D XGS-4526/4528F/4728F User’s Guide START 257
Chapter 25 AAA 258 XGS-4526/4528F/4728F User’s Guide
CHAPTER 26 IP Source Guard Use IP source guard to filter unauthorized DHCP and ARP packets in your network. 26.1 IP Source Guard Overview IP source guard uses a binding table to distinguish between authorized and unauthorized DHCP and ARP packets in your network. A binding contains these key attributes: • MAC address • VLAN ID • IP address • Port number When the Switch receives a DHCP or ARP packet, it looks up the appropriate MAC address, VLAN ID, IP address, and port number in the binding table.
Chapter 26 IP Source Guard 26.1.1 DHCP Snooping Overview Use DHCP snooping to filter unauthorized DHCP packets on the network and to build the binding table dynamically. This can prevent clients from getting IP addresses from unauthorized DHCP servers. 26.1.1.1 Trusted vs. Untrusted Ports Every port is either a trusted port or an untrusted port for DHCP snooping. This setting is independent of the trusted/untrusted setting for ARP inspection.
Chapter 26 IP Source Guard You can configure the name and location of the file on the external TFTP server. The file has the following format: Figure 115 DHCP Snooping Database File Format TYPE DHCP-SNOOPING VERSION 1 BEGIN ... ... END The helps distinguish between the bindings in the latest update and the bindings from previous updates.
Chapter 26 IP Source Guard 3 Configure trusted and untrusted ports, and specify the maximum number of DHCP packets that each port can receive per second. 4 Configure static bindings. 26.1.2 ARP Inspection Overview Use ARP inspection to filter unauthorized ARP packets on the network. This can prevent many kinds of man-in-the-middle attacks, such as the one in the following example.
Chapter 26 IP Source Guard • They appear only in the ARP Inspection screens and commands, not in the MAC Address Filter screens and commands. 26.1.2.2 Trusted vs. Untrusted Ports Every port is either a trusted port or an untrusted port for ARP inspection. This setting is independent of the trusted/untrusted setting for DHCP snooping. You can also specify the maximum rate at which the Switch receives ARP packets on untrusted ports. The Switch does not discard ARP packets on trusted ports for any reason.
Chapter 26 IP Source Guard the bindings by snooping DHCP packets (dynamic bindings) and from information provided manually by administrators (static bindings). To open this screen, click Advanced Application > IP Source Guard. Figure 117 IP Source Guard The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 77 IP Source Guard LABEL DESCRIPTION Index This field displays a sequential number for each binding. MAC Address This field displays the source MAC address in the binding.
Chapter 26 IP Source Guard new static binding replaces the original one. To open this screen, click Advanced Application > IP Source Guard > Static Binding. Figure 118 IP Source Guard Static Binding The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 78 IP Source Guard Static Binding LABEL DESCRIPTION MAC Address Enter the source MAC address in the binding. IP Address Enter the IP address assigned to the MAC address in the binding. VLAN Enter the source VLAN ID in the binding.
Chapter 26 IP Source Guard Table 78 IP Source Guard Static Binding (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Delete Select this, and click Delete to remove the specified entry. Cancel Click this to clear the Delete check boxes above. 26.4 DHCP Snooping Use this screen to look at various statistics about the DHCP snooping database. To open this screen, click Advanced Application > IP Source Guard > DHCP Snooping.
Chapter 26 IP Source Guard The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 79 DHCP Snooping LABEL DESCRIPTION Database Status This section displays the current settings for the DHCP snooping database. You can configure them in the DHCP Snooping Configure screen. See Section 26.5 on page 269. Agent URL This field displays the location of the DHCP snooping database.
Chapter 26 IP Source Guard Table 79 DHCP Snooping (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Successful transfers This field displays the number of times the Switch read bindings from or updated the bindings in the DHCP snooping database successfully. Failed transfers This field displays the number of times the Switch was unable to read bindings from or update the bindings in the DHCP snooping database.
Chapter 26 IP Source Guard Table 79 DHCP Snooping (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Parse failures This field displays the number of bindings the Switch has ignored because the Switch was unable to understand the binding in the DHCP binding database. Expired leases This field displays the number of bindings the Switch has ignored because the lease time had already expired. Unsupported vlans This field displays the number of bindings the Switch has ignored because the VLAN ID does not exist anymore. 26.
Chapter 26 IP Source Guard The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 80 DHCP Snooping Configure LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this to enable DHCP snooping on the Switch. You still have to enable DHCP snooping on specific VLAN and specify trusted ports. Note: The Switch will drop all DHCP requests if you enable DHCP snooping and there are no trusted ports. DHCP Vlan Select a VLAN ID if you want the Switch to forward DHCP packets to DHCP servers on a specific VLAN.
Chapter 26 IP Source Guard 26.5.1 DHCP Snooping Port Configure Use this screen to specify whether ports are trusted or untrusted ports for DHCP snooping. Note: The Switch will drop all DHCP requests if you enable DHCP snooping and there are no trusted ports. You can also specify the maximum number for DHCP packets that each port (trusted or untrusted) can receive each second. To open this screen, click Advanced Application > IP Source Guard > DHCP Snooping > Configure > Port.
Chapter 26 IP Source Guard The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 81 DHCP Snooping Port Configure LABEL DESCRIPTION Port This field displays the port number. If you configure the * port, the settings are applied to all of the ports. Server Trusted state Select whether this port is a trusted port (Trusted) or an untrusted port (Untrusted).
Chapter 26 IP Source Guard open this screen, click Advanced Application > IP Source Guard > DHCP Snooping > Configure > VLAN. Figure 122 DHCP Snooping VLAN Configure The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 82 DHCP Snooping VLAN Configure LABEL DESCRIPTION Show VLAN Use this section to specify the VLANs you want to manage in the section below. Start VID Enter the lowest VLAN ID you want to manage in the section below.
Chapter 26 IP Source Guard 26.6 ARP Inspection Status Use this screen to look at the current list of MAC address filters that were created because the Switch identified an unauthorized ARP packet. When the Switch identifies an unauthorized ARP packet, it automatically creates a MAC address filter to block traffic from the source MAC address and source VLAN ID of the unauthorized ARP packet. To open this screen, click Advanced Application > IP Source Guard > ARP Inspection.
Chapter 26 IP Source Guard 26.6.1 ARP Inspection VLAN Status Use this screen to look at various statistics about ARP packets in each VLAN. To open this screen, click Advanced Application > IP Source Guard > ARP Inspection > VLAN Status. Figure 124 ARP Inspection VLAN Status The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 84 ARP Inspection VLAN Status LABEL DESCRIPTION Show VLAN range Use this section to specify the VLANs you want to look at in the section below.
Chapter 26 IP Source Guard 26.6.2 ARP Inspection Log Status Use this screen to look at log messages that were generated by ARP packets and that have not been sent to the syslog server yet. To open this screen, click Advanced Application > IP Source Guard > ARP Inspection > Log Status. Figure 125 ARP Inspection Log Status The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 26 IP Source Guard Table 85 ARP Inspection Log Status (continued) LABEL Reason DESCRIPTION This field displays the reason the log message was generated. dhcp deny: An ARP packet was discarded because it violated a dynamic binding with the same MAC address and VLAN ID. static deny: An ARP packet was discarded because it violated a static binding with the same MAC address and VLAN ID. deny: An ARP packet was discarded because there were no bindings with the same MAC address and VLAN ID.
Chapter 26 IP Source Guard The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 86 ARP Inspection Configure LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this to enable ARP inspection on the Switch. You still have to enable ARP inspection on specific VLAN and specify trusted ports. Filter Aging Time Filter aging time This setting has no effect on existing MAC address filters.
Chapter 26 IP Source Guard 26.7.1 ARP Inspection Port Configure Use this screen to specify whether ports are trusted or untrusted ports for ARP inspection. You can also specify the maximum rate at which the Switch receives ARP packets on each untrusted port. To open this screen, click Advanced Application > IP Source Guard > ARP Inspection > Configure > Port. Figure 127 ARP Inspection Port Configure The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 26 IP Source Guard Table 87 ARP Inspection Port Configure (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Burst interval (seconds) The burst interval is the length of time over which the rate of ARP packets is monitored for each port. For example, if the Rate is 15 pps and the burst interval is 1 second, then the Switch accepts a maximum of 15 ARP packets in every one-second interval. If the burst interval is 5 seconds, then the Switch accepts a maximum of 75 ARP packets in every five-second interval.
Chapter 26 IP Source Guard Table 88 ARP Inspection VLAN Configure (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Enabled Select Yes to enable ARP inspection on the VLAN. Select No to disable ARP inspection on the VLAN. Log Specify when the Switch generates log messages for receiving ARP packets from the VLAN. None: The Switch does not generate any log messages when it receives an ARP packet from the VLAN. Deny: The Switch generates log messages when it discards an ARP packet from the VLAN.
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CHAPTER 27 Loop Guard This chapter shows you how to configure the Switch to guard against loops on the edge of your network. 27.1 Loop Guard Overview Loop guard allows you to configure the Switch to shut down a port if it detects that packets sent out on that port loop back to the Switch. While you can use Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) to prevent loops in the core of your network. STP cannot prevent loops that occur on the edge of your network.
Chapter 27 Loop Guard • It will receive its own broadcast messages that it sends out as they loop back. It will then re-broadcast those messages again. The following figure shows port N on switch A connected to switch B. Switch B is in loop state. When broadcast or multicast packets leave port N and reach switch B, they are sent back to port N on A as they are rebroadcast from B.
Chapter 27 Loop Guard port N. The Switch will shut down port N if it detects that the probe packet has returned to the Switch. Figure 132 Loop Guard - Network Loop N P P P A Note: After resolving the loop problem on your network you can re-activate the disabled port via the web configurator (see Section 8.7 on page 113) or via commands (see the Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide). 27.2 Loop Guard Setup Click Advanced Application > Loop Guard in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.
Chapter 27 Loop Guard The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 89 Advanced Application > Loop Guard LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this option to enable loop guard on the Switch. The Switch generates syslog, internal log messages as well as SNMP traps when it shuts down a port via the loop guard feature. Port This field displays a port number. * Use this row to make the setting the same for all ports. Use this row first and then make adjustments on a port-by-port basis.
CHAPTER 28 VLAN Mapping This chapter shows you how to configure VLAN mapping on the Switch. 28.1 VLAN Mapping Overview With VLAN mapping enabled, the Switch can map the VLAN ID and priority level of packets received from a private network to those used in the service provider’s network. The Switch checks incoming traffic from the switch ports (non-management ports) against the VLAN mapping table first, the MAC learning table and then the VLAN table before forwarding them through the Gigabit uplink port.
Chapter 28 VLAN Mapping 28.2 Enabling VLAN Mapping Click Advanced Application and then VLAN Mapping in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown. Figure 135 VLAN Mapping The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 90 VLAN Mapping LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this option to enable VLAN mapping on the Switch. Port This field displays the port number. * Use this row to make the setting the same for all ports.
Chapter 28 VLAN Mapping 28.3 Configuring VLAN Mapping Click the VLAN Mapping Configure link in the VLAN Mapping screen to display the screen as shown. Use this screen to enable and edit the VLAN mapping rule(s). Figure 136 VLAN Mapping Configuration The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 91 VLAN Mapping Configuration LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Check this box to activate this rule. Name Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable ASCII characters) for identification purposes.
Chapter 28 VLAN Mapping Table 91 VLAN Mapping Configuration (continued) 290 LABEL DESCRIPTION Port This is the port number to which this rule is applied. VID This is the customer VLAN ID in the incoming packets. Translated VID This is the VLAN ID that replaces the customer VLAN ID in the tagged packets. Priority This is the priority level that replaces the customer priority level in the tagged packets.
CHAPTER 29 Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling This chapter shows you how to configure layer-2 protocol tunneling on the Switch. 29.1 Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Overview Layer-2 protocol tunneling (L2PT) is used on the service provider's edge devices.
Chapter 29 Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling 2 for PAgP (Port Aggregation Protocol), LACP or UDLD (UniDirectional Link Detection). Figure 138 L2PT Network Example B A STP STP STP 1 Service Provider's Network D 2 C 29.1.1 Layer-2 Protocol Tunneling Mode Each port can have two layer-2 protocol tunneling modes, Access and Tunnel. • The Access port is an ingress port on the service provider's edge device (1 or 2 in Figure 138 on page 292) and connected to a customer switch (A or B).
Chapter 29 Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling 29.2 Configuring Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Click Advanced Application > Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown. Figure 139 Advanced Application > Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 92 Advanced Application > Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this to enable layer-2 protocol tunneling on the Switch.
Chapter 29 Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Table 92 Advanced Application > Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION * Use this row to make the setting the same for all ports. Use this row first and then make adjustments on a port-by-port basis. Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you make them.
CHAPTER 30 sFlow This chapter shows you how to configure sFlow to have the Switch monitor traffic in a network and send information to an sFlow collector for analysis. 30.1 sFlow Overview sFlow (RFC 3176) is a standard technology for monitoring switched networks. An sFlow agent embedded on a switch or router gets sample data and packet statistics from traffic forwarded through its ports. The sFlow agent then creates sFlow data and sends it to an sFlow collector.
Chapter 30 sFlow 30.2 sFlow Port Configuration Click Advanced Application > sFlow in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown. Figure 141 Advanced Application > sFlow The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 93 Advanced Application > sFlow LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this to enable the sFlow agent on the Switch. Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory.
Chapter 30 sFlow Table 93 Advanced Application > sFlow (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Sample-rate Enter a number (N) from 256 to 65535. The Switch captures every one out of N packets for this port and creates sFlow datagram. poll-interval Specify a time interval (from 20 to 120 in seconds) the Switch waits before sending the sFlow datagram and packet counters for this port to the collector. Collector Address Enter the IP address of the sFlow collector.
Chapter 30 sFlow The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 94 Advanced Application > sFlow > Collector 298 LABEL DESCRIPTION Collector Address Enter the IP address of the sFlow collector. UDP Port Enter a UDP port number the Switch uses to send sFlow datagram to the collector. If you change the port here, make sure you change it on the collector, too. The default port is 6343. Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory.
CHAPTER 31 PPPoE This chapter describes how the Switch gives a PPPoE termination server additional information that the server can use to identify and authenticate a PPPoE client. 31.1 PPPoE Intermediate Agent Overview A PPPoE Intermediate Agent (PPPoE IA) is deployed between a PPPoE server and PPPoE clients.
Chapter 31 PPPoE 31.1.2 Sub-Option Format There are two types of sub-option: “Agent Circuit ID Sub-option” and “Agent Remote ID Sub-option”. They have the following formats.
Chapter 31 PPPoE 31.1.2.2 WT-101 Default Circuit ID Syntax If you do not configure a Circuit ID string for a specific VLAN on a port or for a specific port, and disable the flexible Circuit ID syntax in the PPPoE > Intermediate Agent screen, the Switch automatically generates a Circuit ID string according to the default Circuit ID syntax which is defined in the DSL Forum Working Text (WT)-101.
Chapter 31 PPPoE 31.2 The PPPoE Screen Use this screen to configure the PPPoE Intermediate Agent on the Switch. Click Advanced Application > PPPoE in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown. Click Click Here to go to the Intermediate Agent screen. Figure 143 Advanced Application > PPPoE Intermediate Agent 31.
Chapter 31 PPPoE The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 100 Advanced Application > PPPoE > Intermediate Agent LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this option to enable the PPPoE intermediate agent globally on the Switch. access-nodeidentifier Enter up to 20 ASCII characters to identify the PPPoE intermediate agent. Hyphens (-) and spaces are also allowed. The default is the Switch’s host name.
Chapter 31 PPPoE Note: The Switch will drop all PPPoE packets if you enable the PPPoE Intermediate Agent on the Switch and there are no trusted ports. Click the Port link in the Intermediate Agent screen to display the screen as shown. Figure 145 Advanced Application > PPPoE > Intermediate Agent > Port The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 101 Advanced Application > PPPoE > Intermediate Agent > Port LABEL DESCRIPTION Port This field displays the port number.
Chapter 31 PPPoE Table 101 Advanced Application > PPPoE > Intermediate Agent > Port (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Server Trusted State Select whether this port is a trusted port (Trusted) or an untrusted port (Untrusted). Trusted ports are uplink ports connected to PPPoE servers.
Chapter 31 PPPoE Click the VLAN link in the Intermediate Agent > Port screen to display the screen as shown. Figure 146 Advanced Application > PPPoE > Intermediate Agent > Port > VLAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 102 Advanced Application > PPPoE > Intermediate Agent > Port > VLAN LABEL DESCRIPTION Show Port Enter a port number to show the PPPoE Intermediate Agent settings for the specified VLAN(s) on the port.
Chapter 31 PPPoE Table 102 Advanced Application > PPPoE > Intermediate Agent > Port > VLAN LABEL DESCRIPTION Remote-id Enter a string of up to 63 ASCII characters that the Switch adds into the Agent Remote ID sub-option for this VLAN on the specified port. Spaces are allowed. If you do not specify a string here or in the Remote-id field for a specific port, the Switch automatically uses the PPPoE client’s MAC address. The Remote ID you configure here has the highest priority.
Chapter 31 PPPoE The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 103 Advanced Application > PPPoE > Intermediate Agent > VLAN LABEL DESCRIPTION Show VLAN Use this section to specify the VLANs you want to configure in the section below. Start VID Enter the lowest VLAN ID you want to configure in the section below. End VID Enter the highest VLAN ID you want to configure in the section below. Apply Click Apply to display the specified range of VLANs in the section below.
CHAPTER 32 Error Disable This chapter shows you how to configure the rate limit for control packets on a port, and set the Switch to take an action (such as to shut down a port or stop sending packets) on a port when the Switch detects a pre-configured error. It also shows you how to configure the Switch to automatically undo the action after the error is gone. 32.1 CPU Protection Overview Switches exchange protocol control packets in a network to get the latest networking information.
Chapter 32 Error Disable 32.3 The Error Disable Screen Use this screen to configure error disable related settings. Click Advanced Application > Errdisable in the navigation panel to open the following screen. Figure 148 Advanced Application > Errdisable 32.4 CPU Protection Configuration Use this screen to limit the maximum number of control packets (ARP, BPDU and/ or IGMP) that the Switch can receive or transmit on a port.
Chapter 32 Error Disable The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 104 Advanced Application > Errdisable > CPU protection LABEL DESCRIPTION Reason Select the type of control packet you want to configure here. Port This field displays the port number. * Use this row to make the setting the same for all ports. Use this row first and then make adjustments to each port if necessary. Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you make them.
Chapter 32 Error Disable The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 105 Advanced Application > Errdisable > Errdisable Detect LABEL DESCRIPTION Cause This field displays the types of control packet that may cause CPU overload. * Use this row to make the setting the same for all entries. Use this row first and then make adjustments to each entry if necessary. Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the entries as soon as you make them.
Chapter 32 Error Disable 32.6 Error-Disable Recovery Configuration Use this screen to to configure the Switch to automatically undo an action after the error is gone. Click the Click Here link next to Errdisable Recovery in the Advanced Application > Errdisable screen to display the screen as shown. Figure 151 Advanced Application > Errdisable > Errdisable Recovery The following table describes the labels in this screen.
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CHAPTER 33 Private VLAN This chapter shows you how to configure the Switch to prevent communications between ports in a VLAN. 33.1 Private VLAN Overview Private VLAN allows you to do port isolation within a VLAN in a simple way. You specify which port(s) in a VLAN is not isolated by adding it to the promiscuous port list. The Switch automatically adds other ports in this VLAN to the isolated port list and blocks traffic between the isolated ports.
Chapter 33 Private VLAN 33.2 Configuring Private VLAN Click Advanced Application > Private VLAN in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown. Figure 153 Advanced Application > Private VLAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 107 Advanced Application > Private VLAN 316 LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Check this box to enable private VLAN in a VLAN. Name Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable ASCII characters) for identification purposes.
Chapter 33 Private VLAN Table 107 Advanced Application > Private VLAN (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Delete Check the rule(s) that you want to remove in the Delete column and then click the Delete button. Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
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CHAPTER 34 Static Route This chapter shows you how to configure static routes. 34.1 Static Routing Overview The Switch usually uses the default gateway to route outbound traffic from computers on the LAN to the Internet. To have the Switch send data to devices not reachable through the default gateway, use static routes. For example, the next figure shows a computer (A) connected to the Switch. The Switch routes most traffic from A to the Internet through the Switch’s default gateway (R1).
Chapter 34 Static Route 34.2 Configuring Static Routing Click IP Application > Static Routing in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown. Figure 155 IP Application > Static Routing The following table describes the related labels you use to create a static route. Table 108 IP Application > Static Routing 320 LABEL DESCRIPTION Active This field allows you to activate/deactivate this static route.
Chapter 34 Static Route Table 108 IP Application > Static Routing (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Index This field displays the index number of the route. Click a number to edit the static route entry. Active This field displays Yes when the static route is activated and NO when it is deactivated. Name This field displays the descriptive name for this route. This is for identification purposes only. Destination Address This field displays the IP network address of the final destination.
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CHAPTER 35 Policy Routing This chapter shows you how to configure policy routing rules. 35.1 Policy Route Overview Traditionally, routing is based on the destination address only and the Switch takes the shortest path to forward a packet. Policy routing provides a mechanism to override the default routing behavior and alter the packet forwarding based on the policy defined by the network administrator. Policy-based routing is applied to incoming packets prior to the normal routing.
Chapter 35 Policy Routing 35.2 Configuring Policy Routing Profile Click IP Application > Policy Routing in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown. Use this screen to configure a policy routing profile, which can consist of multiple policy routing rules. Figure 156 IP Application > Policy Routing The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 35 Policy Routing 35.2.1 Policy Routing Rule Configuration You must first configure a layer-3 classifier in the Classifier screen (see Section 20.2 on page 201) and a policy routing profile in the Policy Routing screen (see Section 35.2 on page 324). Use this screen to configure a policy route to override the default (shortest path) routing behavior and forward packets based on the classifier and action you specify.
Chapter 35 Policy Routing The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 110 IP Application > Policy Routing > Rule Configuration LABEL DESCRIPTION Profile Name This field displays the policy routing profile(s) you configure in the IP Application > Policy Routing screen. Select a profile for which you want to configure a policy routing rule. Sequence Enter the rule number from 1 to 64. The ordering of your rules is important as rules are applied in turn.
CHAPTER 36 RIP This chapter shows you how to configure RIP (Routing Information Protocol). 36.1 RIP Overview RIP (Routing Information Protocol) allows a routing device to exchange routing information with other routers. The Direction field controls the sending and receiving of RIP packets. When set to: • Both - the Switch will broadcast its routing table periodically and incorporate the RIP information that it receives.
Chapter 36 RIP uses the route that has the lowest metric value. The following table lists the default administrative distance value of the route sources supported on the Switch. Table 111 Default Distance Value ROUTE SOURCE ADMINISTRATIVE DISTANCE Local 0 Static 1 OSPF 110 RIP 120 36.2 Configuring RIP Click IP Application > RIP in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown. You cannot manually configure a new entry.
Chapter 36 RIP Table 112 IP Application > RIP (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Network This field displays the IP interface configured on the Switch. Refer to the section on IP Setup for more information on configuring IP domains. Direction Select the RIP direction from the drop-down list box. Choices are Outgoing, Incoming, Both and None. Version Select the RIP version from the drop-down list box. Choices are RIP-1, RIP2B and RIP-2M.
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CHAPTER 37 OSPF This chapter describes the OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) routing protocol and shows you how to configure OSPF. 37.1 OSPF Overview OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link-state protocol designed to distribute routing information within an autonomous system (AS). An autonomous system is a collection of networks using a common routing protocol to exchange routing information. OSPF offers some advantages over traditional vector-space routing protocols (such as RIP).
Chapter 37 OSPF The following table describes the four classes of OSPF routers. Table 114 OSPF: Router Types TYPE DESCRIPTION Internal Router (IR) An Internal or intra-area router is a router in an area. Area Border Router (ABR) An Area Border Router connects two or more areas. Backbone Router (BR) A backbone router has an interface to the backbone. AS Boundary Router An AS boundary router exchanges routing information with routers in other ASs.
Chapter 37 OSPF When you configure an OSPF interface, you first set an interface to transmit OSPF traffic and add the interface to an area. You can configure a virtual link to establish/maintain connectivity between a nonbackbone area and the backbone. The virtual link must be configured on both layer-3 devices in the non-backbone area and the backbone. 37.1.
Chapter 37 OSPF 2 Create OSPF areas 3 Create and associate interface(s) to an area 4 Create virtual links to maintain backbone connectivity. 37.2 OSPF Status Use this screen to view current OSPF status. Click IP Application > OSPF in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown next. See Section 37.1 on page 331 for more information on OSPF. Figure 161 IP Application > OSPF Status The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 37 OSPF Table 115 IP Application > OSPF Status (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Link State Database The text box displays information in the link state database which contains data in the LSAs. Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set Interval. Stop Click Stop to end OSPF status polling. The following table describes some common output fields.
Chapter 37 OSPF Table 116 OSPF Status: Common Output Fields (continued) FIELD DESCRIPTION Age This field displays the time (in seconds) since the last LSA was sent. Seq # This field displays the link sequence number of the LSA. Checksum This field displays the checksum value of the LSA. Link Count This field displays the number of links in the LSA. 37.3 OSPF Configuration Use this screen to activate OSPF and set general settings.
Chapter 37 OSPF Table 117 IP Application > OSPF Configuration: Activating and General Settings LABEL DESCRIPTION Distance Enter a number from 10 to 255 to specify the administrative distance that is assigned to routes learned by OSPF. The lower the administrative distance value is, the more preferable the routing protocol is. See Section 36.1.1 on page 327 for more information about administrative distance. Note: You cannot set two routing protocols to have the same administrative distance.
Chapter 37 OSPF To configure an area, set the related fields in the OSPF Configuration screen. Figure 163 IP Application > OSPF Configuration: Area Setup The following table describes the related labels in this screen. Table 118 IP Application > OSPF Configuration: Area Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Name Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable ASCII characters) for identification purposes.
Chapter 37 OSPF Table 118 IP Application > OSPF Configuration: Area Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the nonvolatile memory when you are done configuring. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. Clear Click Clear to set the above fields back to the factory defaults. 37.
Chapter 37 OSPF In the OSPF Configuration screen, click Redistribute to display the OSPF Redistribution screen. Figure 165 IP Application > OSPF Configuration > Redistribute The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 37 OSPF Table 120 IP Application > OSPF Configuration > Redistribute (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Summary address Enter a network IP address which can cover more than one network in order to reduce the routing table size. For example, you can use 192.168.8.0/22 instead of using 192.168.8.0/24, 192.168.9.0/24, 192.168.10.0/24, and 192.168.11.0/24. The third octet of these four network IP addresses is 00001000, 00001001, 00001010, 00001011 respectively.
Chapter 37 OSPF The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 121 IP Application > OSPF Configuration > OSPF Interface LABEL DESCRIPTION Network Select an IP interface. Area ID Select the area ID (in an IP address format with dotted decimal notation) of an area to associate the interface to that area. Authenticati on Note: OSPF Interface(s) must use the same authentication method within the same area. Select an authentication method.
Chapter 37 OSPF Table 121 IP Application > OSPF Configuration > OSPF Interface (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Key ID When the Authentication field displays MD5, this field displays the identification number of the key used. Cost This field displays the interface cost used for calculating the routing table. Priority This field displays the priority for this OSPF interface. Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Chapter 37 OSPF Table 122 IP Application > OSPF Configuration > OSPF Virtual Link (continued) LABEL Authenticatio n DESCRIPTION Note: Virtual interface(s) must use the same authentication method within the same area. Select an authentication method. The choices are Same-as-Area, None (default), Simple and MD5. To exchange OSPF packets with a peer border router, you must make the authentication method and/or password settings the same as the peer border router.
CHAPTER 38 IGMP This chapter shows you how to configure the Switch as a multicast router. See also Section 24.4 on page 232 for information on IGMP snooping. 38.1 IGMP Overview IP multicast is an IETF standard for distributing data to multiple recipients. The following figure shows a multicast session and the relationship between a multicast server, multicast routers and multicast hosts. A multicast server transmits multicast packets and multicast routers forward multicast packets to multicast hosts.
Chapter 38 IGMP IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) is used by multicast hosts to indicate their multicast group membership to multicast routers. Multicast routers can also use IGMP to periodically check if multicast hosts still want to receive transmission from a multicast server. In other words, multicast routers check if any hosts on their network are still members of a specific multicast group. The Switch supports IGMP version 1 (IGMP-v1), version 2 (IGMP-v2) and IGMP version 3 (IGMP-v3).
Chapter 38 IGMP on a particular network. This in turn helps reduce the amount of multicast traffic going through the multicast router. Figure 170 IGMP Version 2 Example 1 Query 2 Report 3 Leave IGMP version 3 allows a multicast host to join a multicast group and specify from which source (multicast server) it wants to receive multicast packets. Alternatively, a multicast host can specify from which multicast servers it does not want to receive multicast packets.
Chapter 38 IGMP 38.3 Configuring IGMP Click IP Application > IGMP in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown next. Each entry in the table is automatically created when you configure a new IP domain in the IP Setup screen (refer to Section 8.6 on page 110). Figure 172 IP Application > IGMP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 123 IP Application > IGMP LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this check box to enable IGMP on the Switch.
CHAPTER 39 DVMRP This chapter introduces DVMRP and tells you how to configure it. 39.1 DVMRP Overview DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) is a protocol used for routing multicast data within an autonomous system (AS). This DVMRP implementation is based on draft-ietf-idmr-dvmrp-v3-10. DVMRP provides multicast forwarding capability to a layer-3 switch that runs both the IPv4 protocol (with IP Multicast support) and the IGMP protocol. The DVMRP metric is a hop count of 32.
Chapter 39 DVMRP 4 The final multicast (“M”) after pruning and grafting is shown in the next figure. Figure 173 How DVMRP Works 39.2.1 DVMRP Terminology DVMRP probes are used to discover other DVMRP Neighbors on a network. DVMRP reports are used to exchange DVMRP source routing information. These packets are used to build the DVMRP multicast routing table that is used to build source trees and also perform Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF) checks on incoming multicast packets.
Chapter 39 DVMRP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 124 IP Application > DVMRP LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select Active to enable DVMRP on the Switch. You should do this if you want the Switch to act as a multicast router. Threshol d Threshold is the maximum time to live (TTL) value. TTL is used to limit the scope of multicasting. You should reduce this value if you do not wish to flood Layer-3 devices many hops away with multicast traffic.
Chapter 39 DVMRP Each IP routing domain DVMRP configuration must be in a different VLAN group; otherwise you see the following screen. Figure 177 DVMRP: Duplicate VID Error Message 39.4 Default DVMRP Timer Values The following are some default DVMRP timer values.
CHAPTER 40 Differentiated Services This chapter shows you how to configure Differentiated Services (DiffServ) on the Switch. 40.1 DiffServ Overview Quality of Service (QoS) is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the flow are given the same priority. You can use CoS (class of service) to give different priorities to different packet types.
Chapter 40 Differentiated Services kinds of traffic can be marked for different priorities of forwarding. Resources can then be allocated according to the DSCP values and the configured policies. 40.1.2 DiffServ Network Example The following figure depicts a DiffServ network consisting of a group of directly connected DiffServ-compliant network devices.
Chapter 40 Differentiated Services specifies the average rate at which packets are admitted to the network. The PIR is greater than or equal to the CIR. CIR and PIR values are based on the guaranteed and maximum bandwidth respectively as negotiated between a service provider and client. Two Rate Three Color Marker evaluates incoming packets and marks them with one of three colors which refer to packet loss priority levels.
Chapter 40 Differentiated Services decrease it. Packets that have been previously marked red or yellow can only be marked with an equal or higher packet loss priority. Packets marked red (high packet loss priority) continue to be red without evaluation against the PIR or CIR. Packets marked yellow can only be marked red or remain yellow so they are only evaluated against the PIR.
Chapter 40 Differentiated Services The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 126 IP Application > DiffServ LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this option to enable DiffServ on the Switch. Port This field displays the index number of a port on the Switch. * Settings in this row apply to all ports. Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port basis.
Chapter 40 Differentiated Services Note: You cannot enable both TRTCM and Bandwidth Control at the same time. Figure 183 IP Application > DiffServ > 2-rate 3 Color Marker The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 127 IP Application > DiffServ > 2-rate 3 Color Marker LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this to activate TRTCM (Two Rate Three Color Marker) on the Switch. The Switch evaluates and marks the packets based on the TRTCM settings.
Chapter 40 Differentiated Services Table 127 IP Application > DiffServ > 2-rate 3 Color Marker (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Commit Rate Specify the Commit Information Rate (CIR) for this port. Peak Rate Specify the Peak Information Rate (PIR) for this port. DSCP Use this section to specify the DSCP values that you want to assign to packets based on the color they are marked via TRTCM. green Specify the DSCP value to use for packets with low packet loss priority.
Chapter 40 Differentiated Services 40.4.1 Configuring DSCP Settings To change the DSCP-IEEE 802.1p mapping, click the DSCP Setting link in the DiffServ screen to display the screen as shown next. Figure 184 IP Application > DiffServ > DSCP Setting The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 129 IP Application > DiffServ > DSCP Setting LABEL DESCRIPTION 0 … 63 This is the DSCP classification identification number. To set the IEEE 802.
CHAPTER 41 DHCP This chapter shows you how to configure the DHCP feature. 41.1 DHCP Overview DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual computers to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the Switch as a DHCP server or a DHCP relay agent. When configured as a server, the Switch provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients.
Chapter 41 DHCP • VLAN - The Switch is configured on a VLAN by VLAN basis. The Switch can be configured as a DHCP server for one VLAN and at the same time the Switch can be configured to relay DHCP requests for clients in another VLAN. 41.2 DHCP Status Click IP Application > DHCP in the navigation panel. The DHCP Status screen displays. Figure 185 IP Application > DHCP Status The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 41 DHCP this screen to view details regarding DHCP server settings configured on the Switch. Figure 186 IP Application > DHCP > DHCP Server Status Detail The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 131 IP Application > DHCP Server Status Detail LABEL DESCRIPTION Start IP Address This field displays the starting IP address of the IP address pool configured for this DHCP server instance.
Chapter 41 DHCP 41.4 DHCP Relay Configure DHCP relay on the Switch if the DHCP clients and the DHCP server are not in the same broadcast domain. During the initial IP address leasing, the Switch helps to relay network information (such as the IP address and subnet mask) between a DHCP client and a DHCP server. Once the DHCP client obtains an IP address and can connect to the network, network information renewal is done between the DHCP client and the DHCP server without the help of the Switch.
Chapter 41 DHCP 41.4.2 Configuring DHCP Global Relay Configure global DHCP relay in the DHCP Relay screen. Click IP Application > DHCP in the navigation panel and click the Global link to display the screen as shown. Figure 187 IP Application > DHCP > Global The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 133 IP Application > DHCP > Global LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this check box to enable DHCP relay. Remote Enter the IP address of a DHCP server in dotted decimal notation.
Chapter 41 DHCP 41.4.3 Global DHCP Relay Configuration Example The follow figure shows a network example where the Switch is used to relay DHCP requests for the VLAN1 and VLAN2 domains. There is only one DHCP server that services the DHCP clients in both domains. Figure 188 Global DHCP Relay Network Example DHCP Server: 192.168.1.100 VLAN1 VLAN2 Configure the DHCP Relay screen as shown.
Chapter 41 DHCP 41.5 Configuring DHCP VLAN Settings Use this screen to configure your DHCP settings based on the VLAN domain of the DHCP clients. Click IP Application > DHCP in the navigation panel, then click the VLAN link In the DHCP Status screen that displays. Note: You must set up a management IP address for each VLAN that you want to configure DHCP settings for on the Switch. See Section 8.6 on page 110 for information on how to do this.
Chapter 41 DHCP Table 134 IP Application > DHCP > VLAN (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Server Use this section if you want to configure the Switch to function as a DHCP server for this VLAN. Client IP Pool Starting Address Specify the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool. Size of Client IP Pool Specify the size, or count of the IP address pool. The Switch can issue from 1 to 253 IP addresses to DHCP clients. IP Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask for the client IP pool.
Chapter 41 DHCP 41.5.1 Example: DHCP Relay for Two VLANs The following example displays two VLANs (VIDs 1 and 2) for a campus network. Two DHCP servers are installed to serve each VLAN. The system is set up to forward DHCP requests from the dormitory rooms (VLAN 1) to the DHCP server with an IP address of 192.168.1.100. Requests from the academic buildings (VLAN 2) are sent to the other DHCP server with an IP address of 172.23.10.100. Figure 191 DHCP Relay for Two VLANs DHCP:192.168.1.
Chapter 41 DHCP For the example network, configure the VLAN Setting screen as shown.
CHAPTER 42 VRRP This chapter shows you how to configure and monitor the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) on the Switch. 42.1 VRRP Overview Each host on a network is configured to send packets to a statically configured default gateway (this Switch). The default gateway can become a single point of failure. Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), defined in RFC 2338, allows you to create redundant backup gateways to ensure that the default gateway of a host is always available.
Chapter 42 VRRP default gateway. If switch A has a higher priority, it is the master router. Switch B, having a lower priority, is the backup router. Figure 193 VRRP: Example 1 172.21.1.1 172.21.1.100 172.21.1.10 If switch A (the master router) is unavailable, switch B takes over. Traffic is then processed by switch B. 42.2 VRRP Status Click IP Application > VRRP in the navigation panel to display the VRRP Status screen as shown next.
Chapter 42 VRRP Table 135 IP Application > VRRP Status (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION VR Status This field displays the status of the virtual router. This field is Master indicating that this Switch functions as the master router. This field is Backup indicating that this Switch functions as a backup router. This field displays Init when this Switch is initiating the VRRP protocol or when the Uplink Status field displays Dead.
Chapter 42 VRRP Note: Routing domains with the same VLAN ID are not displayed in the table indicated. Figure 195 IP Application > VRRP Configuration > IP Interface The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 136 IP Application > VRRP Configuration > IP Interface 374 LABEL DESCRIPTION Index This field displays the index number of an entry. Network This field displays the IP address and number of subnet mask bit of an IP domain.
Chapter 42 VRRP 42.3.2 VRRP Parameters This section describes the VRRP parameters. 42.3.2.1 Advertisement Interval The master router sends out Hello messages to let the other backup routers know that it is still up and running. The time interval between sending the Hello messages is the advertisement interval. By default, a Hello message is sent out every second.
Chapter 42 VRRP 42.3.3 Configuring VRRP Parameters After you set up an IP interface, configure the VRRP parameters in the VRRP Configuration screen. Figure 196 IP Application > VRRP Configuration > VRRP Parameters The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 137 IP Application > VRRP Configuration > VRRP Parameters LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this option to enable this VRRP entry. Name Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable ASCII characters) for identification purposes.
Chapter 42 VRRP Table 137 IP Application > VRRP Configuration > VRRP Parameters (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring. Cancel Click Cancel to discard all changes made in this table.
Chapter 42 VRRP 42.4.1 One Subnet Network Example The figure below shows a simple VRRP network with only one virtual router VR1 (VRID =1) and two switches. The network is connected to the WAN via an uplink gateway G (172.21.1.100). The host computer X is set to use VR1 as the default gateway. Figure 198 VRRP Configuration Example: One Virtual Router Network 172.21.1.1 172.21.1.100 172.21.1.10 You want to set switch A as the master router.
Chapter 42 VRRP After configuring and saving the VRRP configuration, the VRRP Status screens for both switches are shown next. Figure 201 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Status on Switch A EXAMPLE Figure 202 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Status on Switch B EXAMPLE 42.4.2 Two Subnets Example The following figure depicts an example in which two switches share the network traffic. Hosts in the two network groups use different default gateways. Each switch is configured to backup a virtual router using VRRP.
Chapter 42 VRRP VR1 (refer to Section 42.4.2 on page 379). Configure the VRRP parameters on the switches as shown in the figures below. Figure 204 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Parameter Settings for VR2 on Switch A EXAMPLE Figure 205 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Parameter Settings for VR2 on Switch B EXAMPLE After configuring and saving the VRRP configuration, the VRRP Status screens for both switches are shown next.
CHAPTER 43 ARP Learning 43.1 ARP Overview Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address (IP address) to a physical machine address, also known as a Media Access Control or MAC address, on the local area network. An IP (version 4) address is 32 bits long. In an Ethernet LAN, MAC addresses are 48 bits long. The ARP Table maintains an association between each MAC address and its corresponding IP address. 43.1.
Chapter 43 ARP Learning 43.1.2.1 ARP-Reply By default, the Switch is in ARP-Reply learning mode and updates the ARP table only with the ARP replies to the ARP requests sent by the Switch. This can help prevent ARP spoofing. In the following example, the Switch does not have IP address and MAC address mapping information for hosts A and B in its ARP table, and host A wants to ping host B. Host A sends an ARP request to the Switch and then sends an ICMP request after getting the ARP reply from the Switch.
Chapter 43 ARP Learning other devices in the same network to update their ARP table with the new mapping information. In Gratuitous-ARP learning mode, the Switch updates its ARP table with either an ARP reply or a gratuitous ARP request. 43.1.2.3 ARP-Request When the Switch is in ARP-Request learning mode, it updates the ARP table with both ARP replies, gratuitous ARP requests and ARP requests.
Chapter 43 ARP Learning 43.2 Configuring ARP Learning Click IP Application > ARP Learning in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown next. Figure 208 IP Application > ARP Learning The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 139 IP Application > ARP Learning LABEL DESCRIPTION Port This field displays the port number. * Settings in this row apply to all ports. Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports.
Chapter 43 ARP Learning Table 139 IP Application > ARP Learning (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the nonvolatile memory when you are done configuring. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Chapter 43 ARP Learning 386 XGS-4526/4528F/4728F User’s Guide
CHAPTER 44 Load Sharing 44.1 Load Sharing Overview The Switch learns the next-hop(s) using ARP and determines routing path(s) for a destination. The Switch supports Equal-Cost MultiPath (ECMP) to forward packets destined to the same device (A for example) through different routing paths (1, 2 and 3) of equal path cost. This allows you to balance or share traffic loads between multiple routing paths when the Switch is connected to more than one next-hop.
Chapter 44 Load Sharing The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 140 IP Application > Load Sharing LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this option to enable Equal-Cost MultiPath (ECMP) routing on the Switch. Criteria Select the criteria the Switch uses to determine the routing path for a packet. Select src-ip to have the Switch use a hash algorithm to convert a packet’s source IP address into a hash value which acts as an index to a route path.
CHAPTER 45 Maintenance This chapter explains how to configure the maintenance screens that let you maintain the firmware and configuration files. 45.1 The Maintenance Screen Use this screen to manage firmware and your configuration files. Click Management > Maintenance in the navigation panel to open the following screen. Figure 210 Management > Maintenance The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 45 Maintenance Table 141 Management > Maintenance (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Save Configurati on Click Config 1 to save the current configuration settings to Configuration 1 on the Switch. Reboot System Click Config 1 to reboot the system and load Configuration 1 on the Switch. Click Config 2 to save the current configuration settings to Configuration 2 on the Switch. Click Config 2 to reboot the system and load Configuration 2 on the Switch.
Chapter 45 Maintenance Click Config 2 to save the current configuration settings to Configuration 2 on the Switch. Alternatively, click Save on the top right-hand corner in any screen to save the configuration changes to the current configuration. Note: Clicking the Apply or Add button does NOT save the changes permanently. All unsaved changes are erased after you reboot the Switch. 45.4 Reboot System Reboot System allows you to restart the Switch without physically turning the power off.
Chapter 45 Maintenance From the Maintenance screen, display the Firmware Upgrade screen as shown next. Figure 213 Management > Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade Type the path and file name of the firmware file you wish to upload to the Switch in the File Path text box or click Browse to locate it. Select the Rebooting checkbox if you want to reboot the Switch and apply the new firmware immediately. (Firmware upgrades are only applied after a reboot). Click Upgrade to load the new firmware.
Chapter 45 Maintenance 45.7 Backup a Configuration File Backing up your Switch configurations allows you to create various “snapshots” of your device from which you may restore at a later date. Back up your current Switch configuration to a computer using the Backup Configuration screen. Figure 215 Management > Maintenance > Backup Configuration Follow the steps below to back up the current Switch configuration to your computer in this screen. 1 Click Backup.
Chapter 45 Maintenance ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System, sometimes referred to as the “ras” file) is the system firmware and has a “bin” filename extension. Table 142 Filename Conventions INTERNA L NAME EXTERNA L NAME Configuration File config .cfg This is the configuration (config) filename on the Switch.
Chapter 45 Maintenance 6 Use put to transfer files from the computer to the Switch, for example, put firmware.bin ras transfers the firmware on your computer (firmware.bin) to the Switch and renames it to “ras”. Similarly, put config.cfg config transfers the configuration file on your computer (config.cfg) to the Switch and renames it to “config”. Likewise get config config.cfg transfers the configuration file on the Switch to your computer and renames it to “config.cfg”.
Chapter 45 Maintenance 396 XGS-4526/4528F/4728F User’s Guide
CHAPTER 46 Access Control This chapter describes how to control access to the Switch. 46.1 Access Control Overview A console port and FTP are allowed one session each, Telnet and SSH share nine sessions, up to five Web sessions (five different usernames and passwords) and/or limitless SNMP access control sessions are allowed.
Chapter 46 Access Control 46.3 About SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an application layer protocol used to manage and monitor TCP/IP-based devices. SNMP is used to exchange management information between the network management system (NMS) and a network element (NE). A manager station can manage and monitor the Switch through the network via SNMP version one (SNMPv1), SNMP version 2c or SNMP version 3. The next figure illustrates an SNMP management operation.
Chapter 46 Access Control SNMP itself is a simple request/response protocol based on the manager/agent model. The manager issues a request and the agent returns responses using the following protocol operations: Table 145 SNMP Commands COMMAND DESCRIPTION Get Allows the manager to retrieve an object variable from the agent. GetNext Allows the manager to retrieve the next object variable from a table or list within an agent.
Chapter 46 Access Control 46.3.3 SNMP Traps The Switch sends traps to an SNMP manager when an event occurs. The following tables outline the SNMP traps by category. An OID (Object ID) that begins with “1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8” is defined in private MIBs. Otherwise, it is a standard MIB OID. The OIDs beginning with “1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.52” are specific to the XGS4526 switch. The OIDs beginning with “1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.39” are specific to the XGS4528F switch. The OIDs beginning with “1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.
Chapter 46 Access Control Table 146 SNMP System Traps (continued) OPTION OBJECT LABEL temperatur TemperatureEventOn e OBJECT ID DESCRIPTION 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.52.3 1.2.1 This trap is sent when the temperature goes above or below the normal operating range. 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.39.3 1.2.1 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.46.3 1.2.1 TemperatureEventClear 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.52.3 1.2.2 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.39.3 1.2.2 This trap is sent when the temperature returns to the normal operating range. 1.3.6.1.
Chapter 46 Access Control Table 146 SNMP System Traps (continued) OPTION OBJECT LABEL OBJECT ID DESCRIPTION timesync RTCNotUpdatedEventOn 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.52.3 1.2.1 This trap is sent when the Switch fails to get the time and date from a time server. 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.39.3 1.2.1 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.46.3 1.2.1 RTCNotUpdatedEventClear 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.52.3 1.2.2 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.39.3 1.2.2 This trap is sent when the Switch gets the time and date from a time server. 1.3.6.1.4.1.
Chapter 46 Access Control Table 147 SNMP InterfaceTraps OPTION OBJECT LABEL OBJECT ID DESCRIPTION linkup linkUp 1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.4 This trap is sent when the Ethernet link is up. LinkDownEventClear 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.52.31 This trap is sent when the .2.2 Ethernet link is up. 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.39.31 .2.2 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.46.31 .2.2 linkdown linkDown 1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.3 This trap is sent when the Ethernet link is down. LinkDownEventOn 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.52.
Chapter 46 Access Control Table 147 SNMP InterfaceTraps (continued) OPTION OBJECT LABEL OBJECT ID transceiverddm DDMIRxPowerEventOn 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.52.31 This trap is sent when one of .2.1 the device operating parameters (such as 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.39.31 transceiver temperature, .2.1 laser bias current, transmitted optical power, 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.46.31 received optical power and .2.1 transceiver supply voltage) is above or below a factory set normal range.
Chapter 46 Access Control Table 148 AAA Traps (continued) OPTION OBJECT LABEL OBJECT ID DESCRIPTION accounting RADIUSAcctNotReachable 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.52.3 This trap is sent when there is EventOn 1.2.1 no response message from the RADIUS accounting server. 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.39.3 1.2.1 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.46.3 1.2.1 RADIUSAcctNotReachable 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.52.3 This trap is sent when the EventClear 1.2.2 RADIUS accounting server can be reached. 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.39.3 1.2.2 1.3.6.1.4.
Chapter 46 Access Control Table 150 SNMP Switch Traps OPTION OBJECT LABEL OBJECT ID DESCRIPTION stp STPNewRoot 1.3.6.1.2.1.17.0.1 This trap is sent when the STP root switch changes. MRSTPNewRoot 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.52.4 This trap is sent when the 2.2.1 MRSTP root switch changes. 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.39.4 2.2.1 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.46.4 2.2.1 MSTPNewRoot 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.52.1 This trap is sent when the MSTP 07.70.1 root switch changes. 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8.39.1 07.70.1 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.
Chapter 46 Access Control Table 150 SNMP Switch Traps (continued) OPTION OBJECT LABEL OBJECT ID DESCRIPTION rmon RmonRisingAlarm 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.1.1.16 .0.1 This trap is sent when a variable goes over the RMON "rising" threshold. RmonFallingAlarm 1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.1.1.16 .0.2 This trap is sent when the variable falls below the RMON "falling" threshold. dot1agCfmFaultAlarm 1.3.111.2.802.1.1.8.0.1 The trap is sent when the Switch detects a connectivity fault. cfm 46.3.
Chapter 46 Access Control Table 151 Management > Access Control > SNMP (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Get Community Enter the Get Community string, which is the password for the incoming Get- and GetNext- requests from the management station. The Get Community string is only used by SNMP managers using SNMP version 2c or lower. Set Community Enter the Set Community, which is the password for incoming Setrequests from the management station.
Chapter 46 Access Control 46.3.5 Configuring SNMP Trap Group From the SNMP screen, click Trap Group to view the screen as shown. Use the Trap Group screen to specify the types of SNMP traps that should be sent to each SNMP manager. Figure 219 Management > Access Control > SNMP > Trap Group The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 152 Management > Access Control > SNMP > Trap Group LABEL DESCRIPTION Trap Destination IP Select one of your configured trap destination IP addresses.
Chapter 46 Access Control 46.3.6 Configuring SNMP User From the SNMP screen, click User to view the screen as shown. Use the User screen to create SNMP users for authentication with managers using SNMP v3 and associate them to SNMP groups. An SNMP user is an SNMP manager. Figure 220 Management > Access Control > SNMP > User The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 46 Access Control Table 153 Management > Access Control > SNMP > User (continued) LABEL Password Privacy DESCRIPTION Enter the password of up to 32 ASCII characters for SNMP user authentication. Specify the encryption method for SNMP communication from this user. You can choose one of the following: • • Password Group DES - Data Encryption Standard is a widely used (but breakable) method of data encryption. It applies a 56-bit key to each 64-bit block of data.
Chapter 46 Access Control 46.4 Setting Up Login Accounts Up to five people (one administrator and four non-administrators) may access the Switch via web configurator at any one time. • An administrator is someone who can both view and configure Switch changes. The username for the Administrator is always admin. The default administrator password is 1234. Note: It is highly recommended that you change the default administrator password (1234).
Chapter 46 Access Control Table 154 Management > Access Control > Logins (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Edit Logins You may configure passwords for up to four users. These users have read-only access. You can give users higher privileges via the CLI. For more information on assigning privileges see the Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide. User Name Set a user name (up to 32 ASCII characters long). Password Enter your new system password.
Chapter 46 Access Control 46.6 How SSH works The following table summarizes how a secure connection is established between two remote hosts. Figure 223 How SSH Works 1 Host Identification The SSH client sends a connection request to the SSH server. The server identifies itself with a host key. The client encrypts a randomly generated session key with the host key and server key and sends the result back to the server. The client automatically saves any new server public keys.
Chapter 46 Access Control 3 Authentication and Data Transmission After the identification is verified and data encryption activated, a secure tunnel is established between the client and the server. The client then sends its authentication information (user name and password) to the server to log in to the server. 46.7 SSH Implementation on the Switch Your Switch supports SSH version 2 using RSA authentication and three encryption methods (DES, 3DES and Blowfish).
Chapter 46 Access Control 1 HTTPS connection requests from an SSL-aware web browser go to port 443 (by default) on the Switch’s WS (web server). 2 HTTP connection requests from a web browser go to port 80 (by default) on the Switch’s WS (web server). Figure 224 HTTPS Implementation Note: If you disable HTTP in the Service Access Control screen, then the Switch blocks all HTTP connection attempts. 46.
Chapter 46 Access Control You see the following Security Alert screen in Internet Explorer. Select Yes to proceed to the web configurator login screen; if you select No, then web configurator access is blocked. Figure 225 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer) 46.9.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages When you attempt to access the Switch HTTPS server, a Website Certified by an Unknown Authority screen pops up asking if you trust the server certificate.
Chapter 46 Access Control Select Accept this certificate permanently to import the Switch’s certificate into the SSL client.
Chapter 46 Access Control 46.9.3 The Main Screen After you accept the certificate and enter the login username and password, the Switch main screen appears. The lock displayed in the bottom right of the browser status bar denotes a secure connection. Figure 228 Example: Lock Denoting a Secure Connection 46.10 Service Port Access Control Service Access Control allows you to decide what services you may use to access the Switch.
Chapter 46 Access Control computer(s)” for each service in the Remote Management screen (discussed later). Click Access Control to go back to the main Access Control screen. Figure 229 Management > Access Control > Service Access Control The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 155 Management > Access Control > Service Access Control LABEL DESCRIPTION Services Services you may use to access the Switch are listed here.
Chapter 46 Access Control You can specify a group of one or more “trusted computers” from which an administrator may use a service to manage the Switch. Click Access Control to return to the Access Control screen. Figure 230 Management > Access Control > Remote Management The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 156 Management > Access Control > Remote Management LABEL DESCRIPTION Entry This is the client set index number.
Chapter 46 Access Control Table 156 Management > Access Control > Remote Management (continued) 422 LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the nonvolatile memory when you are done configuring. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
CHAPTER 47 Diagnostic This chapter explains the Diagnostic screen. 47.1 Diagnostic Click Management > Diagnostic in the navigation panel to open this screen. Use this screen to check system logs, ping IP addresses or perform port tests. Figure 231 Management > Diagnostic The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 157 Management > Diagnostic LABEL DESCRIPTION System Log Click Display to display a log of events in the multi-line text box.
Chapter 47 Diagnostic Table 157 Management > Diagnostic (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION IP Ping Type the IP address of a device that you want to ping in order to test a connection. Click Ping to have the Switch ping the IP address (in the field to the left). Ethernet Port Test 424 Enter a port number and click Port Test to perform an internal loopback test.
CHAPTER 48 Syslog This chapter explains the syslog screens. 48.1 Syslog Overview The syslog protocol allows devices to send event notification messages across an IP network to syslog servers that collect the event messages. A syslog-enabled device can generate a syslog message and send it to a syslog server. Syslog is defined in RFC 3164. The RFC defines the packet format, content and system log related information of syslog messages. Each syslog message has a facility and severity level.
Chapter 48 Syslog 48.2 Syslog Setup Click Management > Syslog in the navigation panel to display this screen. The syslog feature sends logs to an external syslog server. Use this screen to configure the device’s system logging settings. Figure 232 Management > Syslog The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 48 Syslog 48.3 Syslog Server Setup Click Management > Syslog > Syslog Server Setup to open the following screen. Use this screen to configure a list of external syslog servers. Figure 233 Management > Syslog > Server Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 160 Management > Syslog > Server Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this check box to have the device send logs to this syslog server.
Chapter 48 Syslog 48.4 Syslog Messages The following table shows log messages the Switch may generate.
Chapter 48 Syslog Table 161 Syslog Messages LOG TYPE SEVERITY MESSAGE SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_AAA SYSLOG_WARNING 802.1x - Invalid Tunnel-Medium-Type [User-Name ] [NAS-Port ] SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_AAA SYSLOG_WARNING 802.1x - Less or more VLAN attributes [User-Name ] [NAS-Port ] SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_AAA SYSLOG_WARNING 802.1x - Too many bandwidth attributes [User-Name ] [NAS-Port ] SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_AAA SYSLOG_WARNING 802.
Chapter 48 Syslog Table 161 Syslog Messages 430 LOG TYPE SEVERITY MESSAGE SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_AAA SYSLOG_WARNING Privilege out of range: USER [] SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_AAA SYSLOG_WARNING TACAS+ account server becomes reachable SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_AAA SYSLOG_WARNING TACAS+ account server is unreachable SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_AAA SYSLOG_WARNING TACAS+ server becomes reachable SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_AAA SYSLOG_WARNING TACAS+ server is unreachable SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_INTE RFACE SYSLOG_D
Chapter 48 Syslog Table 161 Syslog Messages LOG TYPE SEVERITY MESSAGE SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_INTE RFACE SYSLOG_NOTICE Bias Under Alarm Low Threshold() On Port , Current Value : SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_INTE RFACE SYSLOG_NOTICE Bias Under Warn Low Threshold() On Port , Current Value : SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_INTE RFACE SYSLOG_NOTICE TxPower Over Alarm High Threshold() On Port , Current Value : SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_INTE RFACE SYSLOG_NOTICE TxPower Over
Chapter 48 Syslog Table 161 Syslog Messages 432 LOG TYPE SEVERITY MESSAGE SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_SWIT CH SYSLOG_CRITICAL system voltage has recovered to normal state SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_SWIT CH SYSLOG_CRITICAL RPM value is lower than its limit RPM value SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_SWIT CH SYSLOG_CRITICAL The RPM of the fan has recovered to normal state SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_SWIT CH SYSLOG_EMERGEMC Y temperature value exceeds its limit temperature value SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_SWIT
Chapter 48 Syslog Table 161 Syslog Messages LOG TYPE SEVERITY MESSAGE SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_SWIT CH SYSLOG_INFO Load factory default configuration successfully SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_SWIT CH SYSLOG_NOTICE Gets the time and date from a time server successfully SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_SWIT CH SYSLOG_NOTICE PethPse Port OnOff Trap SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_SWIT CH SYSLOG_NOTICE PethPse Main Power Usage On Trap SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_SWIT CH SYSLOG_NOTICE PethPse Main Power Usage Off Trap SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_SWIT CH SYSLOG_NOTICE System
Chapter 48 Syslog Table 161 Syslog Messages 434 LOG TYPE SEVERITY MESSAGE SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_SWIT CH SYSLOG_WARNING Port link speed and duplex mode autonegotiation has failed SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_SWIT CH SYSLOG_WARNING Port link speed and duplex mode autonegotiation has recovered to normal state SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_SWIT CH SYSLOG_WARNING CFM MEP ID with MA Index and MD Index has no defects SP_SYSLOG_TYPE_SWIT CH SYSLOG_WARNING CFM MEP ID with MA Index
CHAPTER 49 Cluster Management This chapter introduces cluster management. 49.1 Clustering Management Status Overview Cluster Management allows you to manage switches through one Switch, called the cluster manager. The switches must be directly connected and be in the same VLAN group so as to be able to communicate with one another.
Chapter 49 Cluster Management In the following example, switch A in the basement is the cluster manager and the other switches on the upper floors of the building are cluster members. Figure 234 Clustering Application Example 49.2 Cluster Management Status Click Management > Cluster Management in the navigation panel to display the following screen. Note: A cluster can only have one manager.
Chapter 49 Cluster Management The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 163 Management > Cluster Management LABEL DESCRIPTION Status This field displays the role of this Switch within the cluster. Manager Member (you see this if you access this screen in the cluster member switch directly and not via the cluster manager) None (neither a manager nor a member of a cluster) Manager This field displays the cluster manager switch’s hardware MAC address.
Chapter 49 Cluster Management configurator home page and the home page that you'd see if you accessed it directly are different.
Chapter 49 Cluster Management 49.2.1.1 Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch You can use FTP to upload firmware to a cluster member switch through the cluster manager switch as shown in the following example. Figure 237 Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch C:\>ftp 192.168.1.1 Connected to 192.168.1.1. 220 Switch FTP version 1.0 ready at Thu Jan 1 00:58:46 1970 User (192.168.0.
Chapter 49 Cluster Management 49.3 Clustering Management Configuration Use this screen to configure clustering management. Click Configuration from the Cluster Management screen to display the next screen. Figure 238 Management > Clustering Management > Configuration The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 165 Management > Clustering Management > Configuration LABEL DESCRIPTION Clustering Manager 440 Active Select Active to have this Switch become the cluster manager switch.
Chapter 49 Cluster Management Table 165 Management > Clustering Management > Configuration (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Chapter 49 Cluster Management 442 XGS-4526/4528F/4728F User’s Guide
CHAPTER 50 MAC Table This chapter introduces the MAC Table screen. 50.1 MAC Table Overview The MAC Table screen (a MAC table is also known as a filtering database) shows how frames are forwarded or filtered across the Switch’s ports. When a device (which may belong to a VLAN group) sends a packet which is forwarded to a port on the Switch, the MAC address of the device is shown on the Switch’s MAC Table.
Chapter 50 MAC Table • If the Switch has already learned the port for this MAC address, but the destination port is the same as the port it came in on, then it filters the frame. Figure 239 MAC Table Flowchart 50.2 Viewing the MAC Table Click Management > MAC Table in the navigation panel to display the following screen. Use this screen to search specific MAC addresses.
Chapter 50 MAC Table The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 166 Management > MAC Table LABEL DESCRIPTION Condition Select All to display all MAC addresses in the MAC table. Select Static to only display static MAC address(es) in this screen. Select MAC and enter a valid MAC address (six hexadecimal character pairs) to display the MAC address information in this screen. Select VID and type a VLAN identification number to display all MAC addresses in the VLAN.
Chapter 50 MAC Table 446 XGS-4526/4528F/4728F User’s Guide
CHAPTER 51 IP Table This chapter introduces the IP table. 51.1 IP Table Overview The IP Table screen shows how packets are forwarded or filtered across the Switch’s ports. When a device (which may belong to a VLAN group) sends a packet which is forwarded to a port on the Switch, the IP address of the device is shown on the Switch’s IP Table. The IP Table also shows whether the IP address is dynamic (learned by the Switch) or static (belonging to the Switch).
Chapter 51 IP Table • If the Switch has already learned the port for this IP address, but the destination port is the same as the port it came in on, then it filters the packet. Figure 241 IP Table Flowchart 51.2 Viewing the IP Table Click Management > IP Table in the navigation panel to display the following screen. Figure 242 Management > IP Table The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 51 IP Table Table 167 Management > IP Table (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION VID This is the VLAN group to which the packet belongs. Port This is the port from which the above IP address was learned. This field displays CPU to indicate the IP address belongs to the Switch. Type This shows whether the IP address is dynamic (learned by the Switch) or static (belonging to the Switch).
Chapter 51 IP Table 450 XGS-4526/4528F/4728F User’s Guide
CHAPTER 52 ARP Table This chapter introduces ARP Table. 52.1 ARP Table Overview Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address (IP address) to a physical machine address, also known as a Media Access Control or MAC address, on the local area network. An IP (version 4) address is 32 bits long. In an Ethernet LAN, MAC addresses are 48 bits long. The ARP Table maintains an association between each MAC address and its corresponding IP address. 52.1.
Chapter 52 ARP Table 52.2 The ARP Table Screen Click Management > ARP Table in the navigation panel to open the following screen. Use the ARP table to view IP-to-MAC address mapping(s) and remove specific dynamic ARP entries. Figure 243 Management > ARP Table The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 168 Management > ARP Table LABEL DESCRIPTION Condition Specify how you want the Switch to remove ARP entries when you click Flush.
CHAPTER 53 Routing Table This chapter introduces the routing table. 53.1 Overview The routing table contains the route information to the network(s) that the Switch can reach. The Switch automatically updates the routing table with the RIP information received from other Ethernet devices. 53.2 Viewing the Routing Table Status Use this screen to view routing table information. Click Management > Routing Table in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.
Chapter 53 Routing Table 454 XGS-4526/4528F/4728F User’s Guide
CHAPTER 54 Configure Clone This chapter shows you how you can copy the settings of one port onto other ports. 54.1 Configure Clone Cloning allows you to copy the basic and advanced settings from a source port to a destination port or ports. Click Management > Configure Clone to open the following screen.
Chapter 54 Configure Clone The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 170 Management > Configure Clone LABEL DESCRIPTION Source/ Destination Enter the source port under the Source label. This port’s attributes are copied. Port Enter the destination port or ports under the Destination label. These are the ports which are going to have the same attributes as the source port. You can enter individual ports separated by a comma or a range of ports by using a dash.
CHAPTER 55 Troubleshooting This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are divided into the following categories. • Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs • Switch Access and Login • Switch Configuration 55.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs The Switch does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on. 1 Make sure the Switch is turned on (in DC models or if the DC power supply is connected in AC/DC models).
Chapter 55 Troubleshooting 1 Turn the Switch off and on (in DC models or if the DC power supply is connected in AC/DC models). 2 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the Switch (in AC models or if the AC power supply is connected in AC/DC models). 3 If the problem continues, contact the vendor. One of the LEDs does not behave as expected. 1 Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 3.3 on page 45. 2 Check the hardware connections. See Section 3.
Chapter 55 Troubleshooting I forgot the username and/or password. 1 The default username is admin and the default password is 1234. 2 If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 4.6 on page 54. I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator. 1 Make sure you are using the correct IP address. • The default in-band IP address is 192.168.1.1. • If you changed the IP address, use the new IP address.
Chapter 55 Troubleshooting 1 Make sure you have entered the user name and password correctly. The default user name is admin, and the default password is 1234. These fields are casesensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on. 2 You may have exceeded the maximum number of concurrent Telnet sessions. Close other Telnet session(s) or try connecting again later. Check that you have enabled logins for HTTP or Telnet.
Chapter 55 Troubleshooting 55.3 Switch Configuration I lost my configuration settings after I restart the Switch. Make sure you save your configuration into the Switch’s nonvolatile memory each time you make changes. Click Save at the top right corner of the web configurator to save the configuration permanently. See also Section 45.3 on page 390 for more information about how to save your configuration.
Chapter 55 Troubleshooting 462 XGS-4526/4528F/4728F User’s Guide
CHAPTER 56 Product Specifications The following tables summarize the Switch’s hardware and firmware features. Table 171 Hardware Specifications SPECIFICATION DESCRIPTION Dimensions Standard 19” rack mountable 438 mm (W) x 310 mm (D) x 44.45 mm (H) Weight XGS-4526: 4.75 Kg XGS-4528F or XGS-4728F: 4.9 Kg Power Specification XGS-4526: AC: 100 - 240 VAC 50/60 Hz 0.8 A max, 72 W internal universal power supply XGS-4528F or XGS-4728F: AC: 100 - 240 VAC 50/60 Hz 0.
Chapter 56 Product Specifications Table 171 Hardware Specifications Ethernet Ports Auto-negotiating: 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps in either half-duplex or full-duplex mode. 1000 Mbps and 10 Gbps in full duplex. Auto-crossover: Use either crossover or straight-through Ethernet cables. Auto-MDIX Compliant with IEEE 802.3ad/u/x Back pressure flow control for half duplex Flow control for full duplex (IEEE 802.
Chapter 56 Product Specifications Table 172 Firmware Specifications FEATURE DESCRIPTION Number of Login Accounts Configurable on the Switch 4 management accounts configured on the Switch. IP Routing Domain An IP interface (also known as an IP routing domain) is not bound to a physical port. Configure an IP routing domain to allow the Switch to route traffic between different networks. VLAN A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical networks.
Chapter 56 Product Specifications Table 172 Firmware Specifications FEATURE DESCRIPTION Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR) Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR) is designed for applications (such as Media-on-Demand (MoD)) using multicast traffic across a network. MVR allows one single multicast VLAN to be shared among different subscriber VLANs on the network. This improves bandwidth utilization by reducing multicast traffic in the subscriber VLANs and simplifies multicast group management.
Chapter 56 Product Specifications Table 172 Firmware Specifications FEATURE DESCRIPTION Device Management Use the web configurator or commands to easily configure the rich range of features on the Switch. Port Cloning Use the port cloning feature to copy the settings you configure on one port to another port or ports. Syslog The Switch can generate syslog messages and send it to a syslog server.
Chapter 56 Product Specifications Table 173 Switching Specifications Layer 2 Features Bridging 8K MAC addresses in the XGS-4526 or XGS-4528F; 16K MAC addresses in the XGS-4728F Static MAC address filtering by source/destination Broadcast storm control Static MAC address forwarding Switching Switching fabric: 144 Gbps, non-blocking Maximum frame size: 9 k bytes Forwarding frame: IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.1q, Ethernet II, PPPoE Prevent the forwarding of corrupted packets STP IEEE 802.
Chapter 56 Product Specifications Table 173 Switching Specifications (continued) Layer 3 Features Port mirroring All ports support port mirroring Bandwidth control Supports rate limiting at 64K increment IP Capability IPV4 support Supports port mirroring per IP/TCP/UDP Supports CIR/PIR for ingress bandwidth control 128 IP routing domains 2K IP address table in the XGS-4526 or XGS-4528F; 8K IP address table in the XGS-4728F 512 routing paths in the XGS-4526 or XGS-4528F; 8K routing paths in the XG
Chapter 56 Product Specifications Table 173 Switching Specifications (continued) AAA Support RADIUS and TACACS+ Security IEEE 802.1x port-based authentication Static MAC address filtering Static MAC address forwarding MAC Freeze Limiting number of dynamic addresses per port Intrusion lock IP source guard Static IP/MAC binding DHCP snooping ARP inspection MAC authentication Guest VLAN PPPoE IA and option 82 Configurable ARP learning mode Management IEEE 802.3ah OAM IEEE 802.1AB LLDP IEEE 802.
Chapter 56 Product Specifications Table 174 Standards Supported (continued) STANDARD DESCRIPTION RFC 1305 Network Time Protocol (NTP version 3) RFC 1441 SNMPv2 Simple Network Management Protocol version 2 RFC 1493 Bridge MIBs RFC 1643 Ethernet MIBs RFC 1723 RIP-2 (Routing Information Protocol) RFC 1757 RMON RFC 1901 SNMPv2c Simple Network Management Protocol version 2c RFC 2131, RFC 2132 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) RFC 2138 RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Servic
Chapter 56 Product Specifications 472 XGS-4526/4528F/4728F User’s Guide
APPENDIX A Common Services The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers. For a comprehensive list of port numbers, ICMP type/ code numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) web site. • Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a different one, if you like. • Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service.
Appendix A Common Services Table 175 Commonly Used Services (continued) 474 NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION ESP (IPSEC_TUNNEL) User-Defined 50 The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this service. FINGER TCP 79 Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can be used to find out if a user is logged on. FTP TCP 20 TCP 21 File Transfer Program, a program to enable fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail. H.
Appendix A Common Services Table 175 Commonly Used Services (continued) NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION POP3 TCP 110 Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client computer get e-mail from a POP3 server through a temporary connection (TCP/IP or other). PPTP TCP 1723 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the control channel.
Appendix A Common Services Table 175 Commonly Used Services (continued) 476 NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION TELNET TCP 23 Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol common on the Internet and in UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/IP networks. Its primary function is to allow users to log into remote host systems.
APPENDIX B Legal Information Copyright Copyright © 2011 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation. Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Appendix B Legal Information • This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations. FCC Warning This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital switch, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a commercial environment.
Appendix B Legal Information Viewing Certifications 1 Go to http://www.zyxel.com. 2 Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page. 3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page. ZyXEL Limited Warranty ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase.
Appendix B Legal Information 480 XGS-4526/4528F/4728F User’s Guide
Index Index and RADIUS 244 setup 249 Numerics 802.
Index CIST (Common and Internal Spanning Tree) 150 Class of Service (CoS) 353 classifier 201, 203 and QoS 201 editing 204 example 206 overview 201 setup 201, 203, 204 viewing 204 cloning a port See port cloning cluster management 435 and switch passwords 441 cluster manager 435, 440 cluster member 435, 441 cluster member firmware upgrade 439 network example 436 setup 440 specification 435 status 436 switch models 435 VID 440 web configurator 437 Database Description (DD) 332 daylight saving time 105 defaul
Index Autonomous System 349 default timer setting 352 error message 351 graft 350 how it works 349 implementation 349 probe 350 prune 350 report 350 setup 350 terminology 350 threshold 351 DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) 349 dynamic link aggregation 177 E egress port 135 Error Disable 77 error disable detect 311 error disable recovery configuration 313 overview 309 Ethernet broadcast address 381, 451 Ethernet port test 424 Ethernet ports 38 default settings 39 filtering database, MAC ta
Index HTTPS example 416 services 469 setup 110 humidity 464 IP multicast example 345 I IEEE 802.1p, priority 109 IEEE 802.1x activate 190, 194, 247 reauthentication 191 IEEE 802.
Index link state database 332, 335 lockout 54 log 423 login 47 password 53 login account Administrator 412 non-administrator 412 login accounts 412 configuring via web configurator 412 multiple 412 number of 412 login password 413 loop guard 283 how it works 284 port shut down 285 probe packet 284 good habits 31 using FTP. See FTP. using SNMP. See SNMP. using Telnet. See command interface. using the command interface. See command interface. using the web configurator. See web configurator.
Index MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) 106 priority 333 redistribute route 340 route cost 338 router elections 333 router ID 336 router types 332 status 334 stub area 331, 338 virtual link 333 virtual links 343 vs RIP 331 multicast 227 802.
Index port details 97 and IEEE 802.
Index Reverse Path Multicasting (RPM) 349 RFC 3164 425 RIP 340 configuration 328 direction 327 overview 327 version 327 vs OSPF 331 RIP (Routing Information Protocol) 327 Round Robin Scheduling 216 route cost 340 router ID 336 routing domain 110, 373 routing protocols 469 routing table 453 RSTP 147 rubber feet 33 MIB 399 network components 398 object variables 398 protocol operations 399 security 410, 411 setup 407 traps 409 users 410 version 3 and security 399 versions supported 398 SNMP traps 400 support
Index bridge ID 157, 161 bridge priority 155, 159 configuration 154, 158, 162 designated bridge 148 forwarding delay 155, 159 Hello BPDU 148 Hello Time 155, 157, 159, 161 how it works 148 Max Age 155, 157, 159, 161 path cost 148, 156, 160 port priority 156, 160 port state 149 root port 148 status 156, 160, 166 terminology 147 vs loop guard 283 stub area 331, 338 stub area, See also OSPF 338 temperature indicator 102 time current 105 time zone 105 Time (RFC-868) 105 time server 105 time service protocol 105
Index PPPoE IA 301 Vendor Specific Attribute See VSA VLAN stacking 219, 221 configuration 222 example 219 frame format 221 port roles 220, 223 port-based Q-in-Q 223 priority 221 selective Q-in-Q 224 ventilation holes 34 VLAN Trunking Protocol, see VTP VID 112, 117, 121, 122, 221 number of possible VIDs 117 priority frame 117 VLAN, protocol based, See protocol based VLAN user profiles 244 V VID (VLAN Identifier) 117 VRID (Virtual Router ID) 372 virtual links 343 VRRP 371 advertisement interval 37
Index Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) 216 WFQ (Weighted Fair Queuing) 216 WRR (Weighted Round Robin Scheduling 216 Z ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) 394 XGS-4526/4528F/4728F User’s Guide 491
