intro.3c (2010 09)
intro(3C) intro(3C)
NAME
intro - introduction to subroutines and libraries
DESCRIPTION
This section describes functions found in various libraries, other than those functions that directly invoke
HP-UX system primitives, which are described in Section (2) of this volume. Certain major collections are
identified by a letter after the section identifier (3):
(3C) These functions, together with the Operating System Calls and those marked (3S), consti-
tute the Standard C Library, libc, which is automatically loaded by the C compiler,
cc(1). Declarations for some of these functions can be obtained from
#include files
indicated in the appropriate entries.
(3E) These functions constitute the ELF access library (
libelf) which lets a program mani-
pulate ELF (Executable and Linking Format) object files, archive files, and archive
members. The link editor searches this library if the
-lelf option is specified. The
header file
<libelf.h> provides type and function declarations for all library services
(described in elf (3E).
(3G) These functions constitute the graphics library and are documented in separate manuals.
(3I) These functions constitute the instrument support (Device I/O) library.
(3M) These functions constitute the Math Library,
libm. The link editor searches this library
if the -lm option is specified. Declarations for these functions are available in the
header files <math.h> and <fenv.h>. Several generally useful mathematical con-
stants are also defined in <math.h> (see math(5)).
(3N) These functions are applicable to the Internet network and are part of the standard C
library,
libc.
(3S) These functions constitute the ‘‘standard I/O package’’ (see stdio (3S)). These functions
are in the library
libc, already mentioned. Declarations for these functions can be
obtained from the #include file <stdio.h>.
(3T) These functions constitute the Pthreads Library. The link editor
ld (see ld(1)) searches
this library if the -lpthread option is specified. See pthread (3T) for more detailed
information on threads.
(3X) Various specialized libraries. The files in which these libraries are found are specified in
the appropriate entries.
DIAGNOSTICS
Functions in the C and Math Libraries, (3C) and (3M), may return the conventional values
0 or +|-
HUGE_VAL when the function is undefined for the given arguments or when the value is not represent-
able. HUGE_VAL is defined as +INFINITY in the <math.h> header file. Functions in the Math
Library may also return +|-INFINITY or a NaN. In these cases, the external variable
errno (see
errno(2)) may also be set to the value [EDOM] or [ERANGE].
FILES
/usr/lib/libc.a (For PA-RISC systems.) Standard I/O, operating system calls, and
general purpose routines archive library.
/usr/lib/libc.sl (For PA-RISC systems.) Standard I/O, operating system calls, and
general purpose routines shared library.
/usr/lib/hpuxXX/libc.so (For Itanium(R)-based systems.) Standard I/O, operating system
calls, and general purpose routines 32-bit and 64-bit shared
libraries.
/usr/lib/libcurses.sl (For PA-RISC systems.) CRT screen handling shared library.
/usr/lib/hpuxXX/libcurses.so
(For Itanium-based systems.) CRT screen handling 32-bit and 64-
bit shared libraries.
/usr/lib/libelf.a (For PA-RISC systems.) ELF archive library.
/usr/lib/libelf.sl (For PA-RISC systems.) ELF shared library.
HP-UX 11i Version 3: September 2010 − 1 − Hewlett-Packard Company 1