MULTITRACK MD RECORDER Owner’s Manual 1 INSERT I/O 1 2 INSERT I/O 2 GAIN 3 4 MIC/LINE INPUT 3 GAIN 5 6 4 GAIN 7 8 5 GAIN 9 6 GAIN 10 11 LINE INPUT 7 GAIN 12 8 GAIN 1 9-10 2 AUX SEND 11-12 GAIN MULTITRACK MD RECORDER LINE MIC LINE MIC LINE MIC LINE MIC LINE MIC LINE MIC LINE MIC LINE MIC PB MIC/ LINE PB MIC/ LINE PB MIC/ LINE PB MIC/ LINE PB MIC/ LINE PB MIC/ LINE PB MIC/ LINE PB MIC/ LINE FLIP FLIP CUE FLIP CUE R L L E V E L 0 HIGH 10
FCC INFORMATION (U.S.A.) 1. IMPORTANT NOTICE: DO NOT MODIFY THIS UNIT! This product, when installed as indicated in the instructions contained in this manual, meets FCC requirements. Modifications not expressly approved by Yamaha may void your authority, granted by the FCC, to use the product. 2. IMPORTANT: When connecting this product to accessories and/or another product use only high quality shielded cables. Cable/s supplied with this product MUST be used. Follow all installation instructions.
• Explanation of Graphical Symbols CAUTION RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT OPEN CAUTION: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT REMOVE COVER (OR BACK). NO USER-SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE. REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL. SEE BOTTOM OF ENCLOSURE FOR GRAPHIC SYMBOLS MARKING. The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert the user to the presence of important operating and maintenance (servicing) instructions in the literature accompanying the product.
ii Important Read the Following Before Operating the MD8 Warnings • Do not locate the MD8 in a place subject to excessive heat or direct sunlight. This could be a fire hazard. • Do not place MD8 in a place subject to excessive humidity or dust. This could be a fire or electrical shock hazard. • Connect the supplied AC power cord only to an AC outlet of the type stated in this Owner’s Manual or as marked on the MD8. Failure to do so is a fire and electrical shock hazard.
iii Ventilation Allow a distance of 10 cm between the unit and the wall so that heat generated from the unit will be released effectively. Also, allow enough space between the unit and other devices. If you mount the unit in an audio rack, keep a space of 10 cm to the side panel. Remove the rear panel of the rack or open a vent hole. If heat release is inadequate, the unit will retain heat inside the unit, which may cause a fire.
iv Contents 1. Welcome to the MD8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 MD8 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mixer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Buying Discs for the MD8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
v Ping-Pong Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preparing for Ping-Pong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rehearsing Ping-Pong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Performing Ping-Pong for Real . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Checking the Ping-Pong Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ping-Pong with Overdub . . . . . . . . . .
vi 9. The MD8 & MIDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Using the MD8 in a Synchronized MIDI System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 About Tempo Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Setting Up a Synchronized MIDI System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Using MTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Welcome to the MD8 1 1 Welcome to the MD8 Thank you for choosing the Yamaha MD8 Multitrack MD Recorder. The MD8 uses the MiniDisc format for 8-track multitrack recording, with superior sound quality and quick search capabilities. To take best advantage of your MD8, read this Owner’s Manual thoroughly. MD8 Features Mixer The mixer section features eight mono input channels, two stereo inputs, and four groups.
2 Welcome to the MD8 • The convenient MD DATA disc medium requires no formatting before use, and when a project is complete, simply pop in a new disc and start tracking straightaway. • Quick location of song start, song end, last recording in/out points, and up to 10 user mark points per song. • Precise punch in/out with 11-millisecond accuracy. • Auto punch in/out with multiple-take record and select capability (choose the best from up to 99 takes).
Buying Discs for the MD8 3 Buying Discs for the MD8 It’s important that you buy the correct type of disc for use with your MD8. For 8-track recording and playback, you must use MD DATA discs. Regular MiniDiscs can only be used for 2-track recording and playback (2TR mode). MD DATA discs are used as a storage media for computers. The MD8 uses the MD DATA audio format to store data on them. Regular MiniDiscs are also referred to as MD discs, although they are used only for music.
4 Touring the MD8 2 Touring the MD8 This chapter takes you on a tour of the MD8, identifying the various parts to help you become familiar with your new recorder.
Input Channels 5 Input Channels 1 A GAIN control GAIN This rotary control adjusts the sensitivity of the MIC/LINE input so that both microphone and line-level signals can be handled with ease. 1 LINE MIC PB MIC/ LINE 2 FLIP CUE P A N L 3 R L E V E L 0 HIGH 10 –15 MID +15 F 4 250 5k B FLIP switch This switch is used to select the signal sources for the input channel and CUE controls.
6 Touring the MD8 F GROUP ASSIGN switches These switches are used to assign (i.e., send) the input channel signal to groups. They work in conjunction with the PAN control. For example, with GROUP ASSIGN switch [1–2] ON and the PAN control set midway, the channel signal is sent equally to Groups 1 and 2. With the PAN control turned fully counterclockwise (L/ODD), however, the channel signal is sent only to Group 1. Likewise, when it is set fully clockwise, the signal is sent only to Group 2.
Master Section 7 Master Section 9-10 11-12 A 9–10/11–12 input level controls These rotary controls are used to adjust the level of the 9–10 and 11–12 input signals that are sent to the Stereo bus for mixing. They’re also used in conjunction with the GROUP ASSIGN switches to adjust the level of the 9–10 and 11–12 input signals that are assigned to groups.
8 Touring the MD8 Display 3 MTC MIDI CLK MMC 2 PITCH TOC FIX VARI EDIT 1 MEASURE MIN. 8 7 MD8 Song REHE REC REPEAT A1ALLB 6 5 4 BEAT SEC. ELAPSE TOTAL REMAIN CLIP –3 –6 FRAMES –12 –18 –24 –36 AUTO PUNCH MARKERS S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 E IN OUT J K 9 DIR GRP TRK +12 +6 +3 0 –6 –10 –20 1 2 3 L M 4 5 6 7 dB L R 8 STEREO N A Status indicators These indicators show the current operating mode.
Display 9 REMAIN—This mode shows the time remaining for a song or when you are recording a new song, it shows the available time remaining for the song (on disc). TOTAL—This mode shows the time position within the entire disc. F Title and function display Disc titles, song titles, functions, messages, and other information appear here. G Time counter The time counter shows the disc time in minutes, seconds, and frames (1/86 second or 1/30 second).
10 Touring the MD8 Disc Transport Section K J 9 DISPLAY 8 7 6 A 5 4 3 2 CH 2 CH 3 CH 7 CH 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 GROUP REPEAT B MARK SEARCH MARK PITCH LAST REC SEARCH SET EXIT IN AUTO PUNCH I/O REHE REC SELECT CH 4 CH 5 CH 6 CH 1 ADJUST EDIT UTILITY ENTER M N OUT SONG SEARCH REC PLAY L PAUSE STOP O 1 TOC WRITE DATA CURSOR + – PHONES PUNCH I/O A Disc Transport buttons REHE—This button is used to enter Rehearse mode.
Disc Transport Section 11 E A B Repeat buttons These buttons are used to enter the A and B points for A-B Repeat. F REPEAT button This button is used to select the 1 Song, All Song, A-B, and Auto Punch Rehearse Repeat modes. It’s also used to cancel A-B Repeat mode. G MARK SEARCH & MARK buttons The MARK SEARCH buttons are used to locate song markers. The MARK button is used to enter markers during recording or playback.
12 Touring the MD8 Rear Panel AC IN 1 POWER ON OFF THRU 2 OUT MIDI IN 3 CAUTION TO PREVENT ELECTRIC SHOCK, MATCH WIDE BLADE OF PLUG TO WIDE SLOT, FULLY INSERT. A AC IN Connect the supplied power cord here. B POWER ON/OFF switch This switch is used to turn on and off the MD8. C MIDI IN, OUT & THRU The MD8 receives MMC (MIDI Machine Control) commands via the MIDI IN port, and outputs MIDI Clock or MTC (MIDI Timecode) from the MIDI OUT port.
Rear Panel 4 5 AUX SEND MONITOR OUT R L 7 LINE INPUT 1 2 6 12 11 R L R 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 8 7 6 5 4 2 INSERT I/O 3 2 MIC/LINE IN (BAL) ON OFF PHANTOM J K L 1 3 2 3 1 1: GMD 2: HOT 3: COLD DC48V MAX. 7mA M D AUX SEND These 1/4-inch phone jacks are used to send the Aux Send signals to external effects processors. Connect them to the effects processors’ inputs.
14 Touring the MD8 G INSERT I/O These TRS phone jacks are used to connect signal processors for use with input channel 1 and input channel 2 exclusively. Typically, compressors, limiters, and noise gates are connected to this type of connection.
Front Connectors 15 M PHANTOM POWER ON/OFF switch This switch is used to turn on and off the phantom power for the XLR-type MIC/LINE (BAL) inputs on channels 1 and 2. Phantom power is used to power condenser microphones. It should be turned off when devices other than condenser microphones are connected to these inputs. Front Connectors 1 2 A PHONES A pair of stereo headphones can be connected here for monitoring. The headphone signal is the same as the MONITOR OUT signal.
16 3 The First Session The First Session This chapter explains how to record and mix your first MD8 session. If this is your first time with a multitrack recorder, we recommend that you start with this chapter and follow all the procedures closely. When you’ve completed this chapter, have a look at subsequent chapters, which explain more advanced MD8 functions and require a basic knowledge of MD8 and multitrack recording techniques.
Connecting the Power Cord 17 Connecting the Power Cord 1. Connect the supplied power cord to the AC IN socket on the rear of MD8. 2. Plug the other end of the power cord into a suitable AC wall outlet. Turning on the MD8 1. Press the POWER switch at the rear of the MD8. The display lights up. POWER ON OFF To turn off the MD8, press the POWER switch again. Loading a Disc 1. Press the EJECT button to open the disc compartment. 2. Insert the disc into the compartment with the arrow pointing forward.
18 The First Session Making the Connections (GRP & DIR) 1. Connect a sound source to MIC/LINE INPUT 1. If you are using a condenser microphone, set PHANTOM switch to ON to turn on phantom powering. 2. Set the [FLIP] switch on Input Channel 1 to MIC/LINE. 3. If you connect a line-level source, set the GAIN control to LINE (i.e., fully counterclockwise). If you connect a microphone, set the GAIN control midway. The GAIN control is adjusted again later on in this procedure. 4.
Recording the First Track 19 DIR Method 1. Press the REC SELECT [1] button. The TRK 1 DIR indicator flashes, indicating that track 1 is set to record directly from input channel 1. 2. Proceed to Monitoring & Recording (GRP & DIR). Monitoring & Recording (GRP & DIR) 1. Press the MONITOR SELECT [CUE] switch. 2. Set the MONITOR LEVEL control midway. 3. Set the CUE MASTER control midway. 4. Set Channel 1’s CUE LEVEL control to the to the 7–8 mark. 5. Raise Channel 1’s fader to the 7–8 mark. 6.
20 The First Session Overdubbing Overdubbing is the technique used to record new sounds to empty tracks while listening to the sounds already recorded on other tracks. The following overdubbing procedure can be used to record to Tracks 2–8, and you can use the GRP or DIR method, the latter method is used in this procedure. 1. On the input channel previously used for recording, set the fader to zero, and set the GROUP ASSIGN switches to OFF. 2.
Mixdown 21 Mixdown Mixdown is the final technique in multitrack recording. Here you mix the sounds from all eight tracks, with EQ and effects to create a balanced stereo signal that is recorded to a stereo master recorder, such as a DAT, MiniDisc, or cassette tape deck. 1. Make sure that all [GROUP ASSIGN] switches are off, including the MONITOR SELECT [GROUP] switches. 2. Turn off the MONITOR SELECT [CUE] switch. 3. Set the [FLIP] switch on each input channel to PB. 4.
22 The First Session An Overview of Multitrack Recording This section describes the fundamental principles of multitrack recording. Basic Multitracking Monitoring—This is the process of listening to a sound as it’s being recorded or listening to recorded sounds as new sounds are recorded to other tracks. See About Monitoring on page 23 for more information. Recording the first track—The first track to be recorded is typically the drum track.
About Monitoring 23 About Monitoring The MD8 features a flexible monitoring system, allowing you to monitor signals at various points. You can monitor sounds through a pair of stereo headphones connected to the PHONES jack, or through a monitor amplifier and speakers connected to the MONITOR OUT jacks. The MONITOR SELECT switches are used to select the monitor source, and the MONITOR LEVEL control is used to adjust the level. 2TR IN—This switch selects the 2TR IN connection as the monitor source.
24 The First Session Multi-Source Mixing In addition to the eight disc tracks, you can also connect external sound sources to the MIC/LINE inputs and mix up to eight more sound sources with the disc tracks. These extra sound sources are mixed using the CUE LEVEL and PAN controls. The [CUE MIX TO STEREO] switch makes this possible. When this switch is in the ON position, the CUE bus signals are sent to the Stereo bus for mixing with the MIC/LINE signals.
Multi-Source Mixing 25 4. Set the input channel and STEREO faders to the 7–8 mark, and set the CUE LEVEL controls midway. 5. Set the [CUE MIX TO STEREO] switch to ON. 6. Press the MONITOR SELECT [STEREO] switch and set the MONITOR LEVEL control to an appropriate level. 7. Set the STEREO fader to the 7–8 mark. 8. Press the SONG SEARCH [ ] button to return to the 00:00 position. 9. Press the [PLAY] button to start playback. You can now mix the disc and MIC/LINE signals. 10.
26 4 Recording & Mixing Techniques Recording & Mixing Techniques This chapter explains MD8 recording and mixing techniques. Recording a New Song The NEW REC function is used to record new songs on a disc. Songs are recorded sequentially, as shown below. With a blank disc, simply pressing the [REC] button engages New Record mode. For a disc that already contains some songs, however, you must first locate the Blank area of the disc, as explained below.
Recording a New Song 27 Setting the Recording Mode The following table shows the four MD8 Recording modes. Songs on the same disc can be recorded in different modes, but you cannot change the mode during or after recording. These modes allow you to use disc space efficiently. Audio quality is the same for all four modes.
28 Recording & Mixing Techniques Recording 1. Press the [REC] button to engage Record Pause mode. The display shows the number of the new song and NEWXREC. This is Record Pause mode. Initially, all tracks that can be recorded in the current Recording mode are selected, as shown by the flashing dots. You cannot deselect all tracks for a new recording. At least one track is always selected. Note: You cannot rehearse when recording in a blank area. 2.
Manual Punch In/Out 29 Manual Punch In/Out The Punch In/Out technique allows you to rerecord specific sections of a track. This can be used to correct mistakes or record something new into silent sections of a track. If you’re operating the MD8 and playing or singing the part to be recorded, you’ll find it much easier to use the Auto Punch In/Out function, which performs the punch in/out automatically. See Auto Punch In/Out on page 32 for more information.
30 Recording & Mixing Techniques Using the REC SELECT buttons 1. Locate to a position before the point at which you want to punch in. 2. Make sure that all REC indicators are off (i.e., no tracks selected). 3. Press the [REC] button. The REC indicators (i.e., the indicator of the [REC] button and the REC message on the display) flash, indicating Record Pause mode is engaged. Instead of pressing the [REC] button you could have pressed the [REHE] button to engage Rehearse Pause mode.
Manual Punch In/Out 31 Using a Footswitch 1. Connect an optional footswitch to the PUNCH I/O jack (front panel). 2. Locate to a position before the point at which you want to punch in. 3. Press the [REC SELECT] button (or [GROUP] + [REC SELECT]) of the track that you want to record. A dot flashes above the corresponding track indicator. 4. Press the [REC] button. The REC indicators flash, indicating Record Pause mode is engaged. 5. Press the footswitch to start playback.
32 Recording & Mixing Techniques Auto Punch In/Out The Auto Punch In/Out function automates the punch in/out procedure, allowing you to concentrate on your playing or singing. Auto Punch In/Out uses the LAST REC IN and OUT points as the punch in and punch out points. So you must set these points first. Once set, you can rehearse the punch in/out repeatedly with accuracy. There are two Auto Punch modes: Single Take Auto Punch and Multi Take Auto Punch.
Auto Punch In/Out 33 Using [SET] and LAST REC SEARCH Another way of setting the Punch In and Out points on the fly is by using the [SET] and LAST REC SEARCH buttons (also labelled [IN] and [OUT]). Doing so has the advantage that you do not need to select a track for recording beforehand: 1. Locate to a position before the point at which you want to punch in. 2. Hold down the [SET] button (to the right of the LAST REC SEARCH pair). 3.
34 Recording & Mixing Techniques Single Take Auto Punch In/Out Rehearsing Auto Punch (Single Take) 1. Press the [REC SELECT] button (or [GROUP] + [REC SELECT]) of the track that you want to record. A dot flashes above the corresponding track indicator. 2. Press the [AUTO PUNCH I/O] button. 3. Select the Auto Punch In mode (Single Take) with the DATA dial and press [ENTER]. The Pre-Roll point (i.e., a position located 5 seconds before the Punch In point) is located automatically.
Auto Punch In/Out 35 Performing Auto Punch for Real 1. Press the [REC SELECT] button (or [GROUP] + [REC SELECT]) of the track that you want to record. A dot flashes above the corresponding track indicator. 2. Press the [AUTO PUNCH I/O] button. 3. Select the Auto Punch In mode (Single Take) with the DATA dial and press [ENTER]. The Pre-Roll point is located automatically. The REHE indicators flash and the display shows A.Pnch Rehe . The AUTO PUNCH IN and OUT indicators appear.
36 Recording & Mixing Techniques Auto Punch with a Footswitch An optional footswitch can be used to start the Auto Punch In/Out sequence. 1. Press the [REC SELECT] button (or [GROUP] + [REC SELECT]) of the track that you want to record. A dot flashes above the corresponding track indicator. 2. Press the [AUTO PUNCH I/O] button. 3. Select the Auto Punch In mode (Single Take) with the DATA dial and press [ENTER]. The Pre-Roll point is located automatically. The REHE indicators flash and the display shows A.
Auto Punch In/Out 37 Multi Take Auto Punch In/Out As previously mentioned, Multi Take Punch In/Out means that you can record several versions of the same excerpt, audition them, decide which one you like best, and then discard the remaining Takes. You need to set the Punch In and Punch Out points for Multi Take Auto Punch In/Out (see page 32). So long as there is enough disc space (i.e., a large enough blank area), you can record up to 99 takes.
38 Recording & Mixing Techniques Performing Multi Take Auto Punch for Real 1. See steps (1)–(3) above. The display now reads TAKE 1 Load . Next, the Pre-Roll point is located automatically. The REHE indicators flash and the display shows TAKE 1 Rehe . The AUTO PUNCH IN and OUT indicators appear. This is Multi Take Auto Punch Rehearse Standby mode. 2. Press the [REC] button to switch off Rehearse mode and activate REC mode instead. The REC indicators flash and the display shows TAKE 1 .
Auto Punch In/Out 39 Auditioning Your Takes Here is how to audition all the takes you recorded: 1. At the NEXT TAKE message that appears when the MD8 returns to the Pre-Roll point, use the DATA dial to select MONI TAKE . 2. Press the [ENTER] button. The display now shows the message TAKE X MONI (where “X” represents the number of the last take you recorded). 3. Use the DATA dial to select the Take you want to audition. Here, the options include all takes you have just recorded, as well as ORIGIN.
40 Recording & Mixing Techniques Setting the Pre-Roll & Post-Roll Times Pre-Roll and Post-Roll are used in conjunction with the Auto Punch In/Out function. Pre-Roll refers to the time before the IN point at which playback starts. Post-Roll refers to the time after the OUT point at which playback stops. The default time for both Pre-Roll and Post-Roll is 5 seconds. You can change the values independently using the PrePost Roll function, as explained below. These settings are stored when MD8 is turned off.
Ping-Pong Recording 41 Ping-Pong Recording The ping-pong recording technique (also known as bounce down) is used to free up tracks for further recording. This is accomplished by bouncing down (i.e., mixing and recording) one or two existing tracks to an unused track. Those tracks can then be used for further recording (in which case their contents are overwritten). You can thus record more than just eight tracks using this technique.
42 Recording & Mixing Techniques Track 8 Track 7 Track 6 Track 5 Source Tracks Track 4 Track 3 Track 2 Track 1 1 2 GAIN 3 GAIN 4 GAIN 5 GAIN 6 GAIN 7 GAIN 8 GAIN GAIN LINE MIC LINE MIC LINE MIC LINE MIC LINE MIC LINE MIC LINE MIC LINE PB MIC/ LINE PB MIC/ LINE PB MIC/ LINE PB MIC/ LINE PB MIC/ LINE PB MIC/ LINE PB MIC/ LINE PB FLIP FLIP CUE FLIP CUE L L L E V E L 10 –15 MID +15 F L L E V E L 10 –15 MID +15 F 250 5k G –15 AUX –15 LOW 5k
Ping-Pong Recording 43 Rehearsing Ping-Pong 8. Press the [REHE] button. The REHE indicators flash. 9. Press the [PLAY] button to start the rehearsal. The rehearsal starts and the PLAY indicators light up. The REHE indicators stop flashing and light up continuously. You should now be able to hear the source tracks combined. 10. Use the faders to balance the source track levels and apply EQ as required.
44 Recording & Mixing Techniques Ping-Pong with Overdub The ping-pong technique can be combined with overdub recording. This allows you to bounce down tracks and record a new sound source simultaneously. In the following illustration, for example, Tracks 5, 6, and 7 are bounced to Track 1 along with a new signal coming from Input Channel 8.
Ping-Pong with Overdub 9-10 0 45 11-12 10 0 10 LINE INPUT 12 11 10 9 1 2 GROUP ASSIGN 3 4 1 2 GROUP ASSIGN 3 4 For mono Ping-Pong operations, be sure to connect the additional signal sources to the LINE INPUTs that can be assigned to the desired GROUP (1/3 or 2/4). 6. Continue with Preparing for Ping-Pong on page 42. During rehearsal, balance the level of the new source with the existing tracks.
46 Recording & Mixing Techniques Pitch The Pitch function allows you to adjust the pitch for playback and recording. The pitch can be adjusted approximately ±12%. Normally, the Pitch function should be set to Fix, which means the pitch is fixed for normal operation. See Pitch Applications on page 87 for some advanced applications of the Pitch function. When normal pitch is selected, PITCH FIX is shown on the display. When variable pitch is selected, PITCH VARI is shown. Adjusting the Pitch 1.
Using a Footswitch 47 Using a Footswitch An optional footswitch can be used to control the MD8. Apart from a few small differences, footswitch operation is essentially the same as pressing the MD8 [PLAY] button. Connect the footswitch to the PUNCH I/O jack at the front of the MD8. The following is a summary of footswitch operations.
48 Recording & Mixing Techniques Applying Effects The AUX SENDs 1 and 2 allow you to connect external effects processors and apply effects to MD8 signals. Effects can be applied when recording tracks, using ping-pong, or during mixdown. Typically, reverb and delay type effects, which are often applied to several sounds in a mix, are used with this type of connection. The input channel AUX controls are used to send signals to the effects processors.
Applying Effects when Recording 49 Applying Effects when Recording 1. To send an input channel signal to an effects processor, set the [FLIP] switch to the up position, the fader to the 7–8 mark, and turn up an AUX control. The input channel signal is sent to the effects processor. 2. Use the GROUP ASSIGN switches to assign the input channel signal to a group. The input channel signal is sent to the specified group. 3. Set the effects processor as required. 4.
50 Recording & Mixing Techniques Patching in Signal Processors Input channels 1 and 2 feature INSERT I/O jacks. These make it easy to patch external signal processors directly into these two channels. Typically, compressors, limiters, and noise gates are used for this type of connection. Reverb, delay, and other effects processors can be used too.
Quick Search Functions 5 51 Quick Search Functions This chapter explains the quick search functions. Searching for Songs The [ ] and [ ] SONG SEARCH buttons can be used for locating songs at any time except when recording. The [ ] SONG SEARCH button locates the previous song and the [ ] SONG SEARCH button locates the next song. When the [ ] SONG SEARCH button is pressed in the middle of a song, the beginning of that song is located.
52 Quick Search Functions 3. Turn the CURSOR shuttle to the left to rewind at the desired speed The display shows the value of the selected Review (REV) speed (see the above illustration). 4. If you like, you can “lock” the currently selected Cue/Review speed by pressing the [ENTER] button. That way, you don’t need to keep holding the CURSOR shuttle. Cue and review stop when the beginning or end of a song is reached. 5. To return to normal playback speed, press [PLAY] again.
Searching for Markers 53 Searching for Markers The [ ] and [ ] MARK SEARCH buttons are used to search for markers within a song. The [ ] MARK SEARCH button locates the previous marker and the MARK SEARCH [ ] button locates the next marker. For a song with no markers inserted, you can only locate the Start and End markers. Every time you jump to a marker using this method, the MD8 automatically switches to Playback Pause mode.
54 Quick Search Functions Adjusting Markers Once inserted, markers can be finely adjusted in one-frame steps. This also applies to the LAST REC IN and OUT points (they double as Punch In and Out points). The Start and End markers cannot be adjusted. 1. Press the [ADJUST] button. The display shows MARK X: ADJST (“X” being the number of the Marker whose number is flashing on the display at the time when you press [ADJUST]). 2. Use the DATA dial to select the marker that you want to adjust.
Adjusting Markers 55 4. Use the DATA dial to adjust the marker and the [PLAY] and the CURSOR shuttle to audition the new marker position. The marker can be moved in 86-frame steps to a new position within the 10 seconds of sound data loaded into memory. If you want to move the marker to a position beyond this range, you must use the Adjust function several times. You cannot move a marker beyond the previous or next marker. 5.
56 Quick Search Functions Erasing Markers 1. Press the [ADJUST] button. The display shows MAR X: ADJST . 2. Use the DATA dial to select the marker that you want to erase. 3. Turn the CURSOR shuttle to the right to make the ADJST message flash. 4. Use the DATA dial to select CLEAR. The display shows MARK X: CLEAR . 5. Press the [ENTER] button The display shows CLR MARK X? 6. Press the [ENTER] button to erase the marker. The marker is erased and existing subsequent markers are renumbered, as shown below.
Repeat, Cue List & Program Play 6 57 Repeat, Cue List & Program Play This chapter explains the Repeat, Cue List, and Program Play functions. One Song Repeat One Song Repeat playback allows you to play one song repeatedly. One Song Repeat Song 1 Song 2 Song 3 Play Repeatedly 1. Use the [SONG SEARCH] buttons to select the song for repeat playback. 2. Press the [REPEAT] button. REPEAT 1 appears on the display. 3. Press the [PLAY] button to start playback. The selected song plays repeatedly.
58 Repeat, Cue List & Program Play A–B Repeat A–B Repeat playback allows you to repeatedly play a section of a song. Playback repeats between the specified A and B points, which can be in separate songs. A–B Repeat Song 1 Song 2 A Point Song 3 B Point Play Repeatedly 1. Press the [PLAY] button to start playback. 2. Press the [A B] button when you hear the beginning of the section that you want to repeat. REPEAT A appears on the display. Point A has been entered. 3.
Cue List Playback & Copy 59 Cue List Playback & Copy The Cue List function allows you to compile a cue list (i.e., a sequence of cues for playback) using markers. Cues are loaded into memory for continuous, uninterrupted playback. The Cue List can also be copied to create a new song. A Cue List can contain up to 26 steps (A–Z). You can specify the start marker, end marker, and the number of times the step is to repeat from 1 to 99.
60 Repeat, Cue List & Program Play Program Playback The Program Play function allows you to compile a program of songs for custom playback. The Program may contain up to 36 steps. Program S1: S2: S3: S4: S5: S6: S7: S8: S9: " " " Song Song Song Song Song Song Song Song Song " " 3 5 2 9 1 7 6 4 9 1. Press the [UTILITY] button and use the DATA dial to select the PRG Play function. 2. Press the [ENTER] button. The display shows EDIT Prog . 3. Use the DATA dial to select EDIT or NEW.
Editing Songs & Tracks 7 61 Editing Songs & Tracks This chapter explains the edit functions that can be used with songs and tracks. Viewing Disc Contents The Disc Info function allows you to view how the songs and blanks on a disc are organized. Using this function is invaluable for the Song Move function (see page 65) and, generally speaking, for getting a clearer idea of where the blanks are located.
62 Editing Songs & Tracks Erasing Discs The Disc Erase function allows you to erase all songs on disc. Erasing all songs formats a disc. A disc that has been used to store computer data must be formatted using this function before it can be used with the MD8. 1. Press the [EDIT] button and use the DATA dial to select the Disc Erase function. 2. Press the [ENTER] button. The display shows Erase EXE? 3. Press the [ENTER] button.
Copying & Converting Songs 63 6. Turn the CURSOR shuttle to the right to select the first track of the song copy. The number of this track (probably “1” now flashes). 7. Use the DATA dial to select another track. Doing so means that track 1 of the copy will no longer correspond to track 1 of the original. You can also use this function to reshuffle the tracks of an existing eight-track song. Note: Be careful to include all the tracks you want the copy to contain.
64 Editing Songs & Tracks 12. Press the [TOC WRITE] button to update the TOC. The following illustration shows a few possible applications of the Song Copy function. It is so flexible that we cannot show all possibilities. Just remember that you are free to choose whichever track(s) you like for downscaled versions (4T, 2T or MO).
Moving Songs 65 4. Press [ENTER] to renumber the songs. After renumbering the songs, the display will briefly show TOC Write to signal that the TOC is being updated. Note: On the MD8, songs are recorded contiguously (i.e., there are no gaps between them). Other MD recorders, however, may record songs non-contiguously (i.e., scattered across a disc). In this case, songs cannot be renumbered. Moving Songs The Song Move function allows you to move a song to a blank area.
66 Editing Songs & Tracks Dividing Songs The Song Divide function allows you to divide songs into several independent songs. Songs can also be arranged as a program for playback. See Program Playback on page 60 for more information. 1. Locate the position where you want to divide the song and press the [PAUSE] button. See Quick Search Functions on page 51 for how to locate the desired position. 2. Press the [EDIT] button and use the DATA dial to select the Song Divide function. 3.
Combining Songs 67 Combining Songs The Song Combine function allows you to combine adjacent songs that were divided using the Song Divide function. Songs that were recorded separately cannot be combined (though you can select their numbers, the display will tell you Can't Combn when you press the [ENTER] button to confirm the operation). 1. Press the [EDIT] button and use the DATA dial to select the Song Combn function. 2. Press the [ENTER] button. The display shows Cmbn Y . 3.
68 Editing Songs & Tracks Erasing Songs The Song Erase function allows you to erase individual songs, which may be necessary to make room for new material you wish to record. 1. Press the [EDIT] button and use the DATA dial buttons to select the Song Erase function. 2. Press the [ENTER] button. The display shows Song No.1 . 3. Use the DATA dial to select the song you want to erase. For example: Song No.3 . 4. Press the [ENTER] button. The display shows Erase EXE? 5. Press the [ENTER] button to erase.
Erasing Parts 69 Erasing Parts The part Erase function allows you to erase a section of a track. The section to be erased is determined by the IN and OUT points. These points can be set by holding down the [SET] button while pressing [IN] or [OUT] respectively. Before Part Erase [IN] [OUT] Part Erase After Part Erase 1. Press the [EDIT] button and use the DATA dial to select the Part Erase function. 2. Press the [ENTER] button. If nothing happens, you haven’t yet set the LAST REC IN and OUT points.
70 Editing Songs & Tracks Copying Tracks The Track Copy function allows you to copy individual tracks. The copy is recorded at the same volume level as the original. 1. Press the [EDIT] button to call up the Edit menu and use the DATA dial to select the Track Copy function. 2. Press the [ENTER] button. 3. Use the DATA dial to select the source track. For example: COPY T8¬T* . 4. Turn the CURSOR shuttle to the right to make the asterisk (*) flash. 5. Use the DATA dial to select the destination track.
Copying Parts 71 Copying Parts The Part Copy function allows you to copy a section of one track to another track. The section of the source track to be copied is determined by the IN and OUT points. These points can be set by holding down the [SET] button while pressing [IN] or [OUT] respectively. The part is copied at the same volume level as the original. Source Track [IN] [OUT] Copy Destination Track in out 1. Locate the point at which the part is to be copied into the destination track (i.e.
72 8 Other Functions Other Functions Frame Display The Frame Disp function allows you to choose whether the display counter shows 86 frames per second, the standard frame count for MiniDisc, or 30 frames per second for when the MD8 is generating MTC. 1. Press the [UTILITY] button and use the DATA dial to select the Frame Disp function. 2. Press the [ENTER] button. The display now reads 86 Frame . 3. Use the DATA dial to select 86 or 30. 4. Press the [ENTER] button. 5.
The MD8 & MIDI 9 73 The MD8 & MIDI MIDI sequencers and MIDI controlled musical instruments have become essential tools for modern recording. It’s common these days not to record MIDI instruments until the final mixdown. This has the benefit of freeing up tracks for acoustic sounds and reduces the need for recorders with many tracks. The MD8 is ideal for recording vocal, guitar, and other acoustic sounds, and can easily be integrated into a MIDI system using either MTC (MIDI Timecode) or MIDI Clock.
74 The MD8 & MIDI Setting Up a Synchronized MIDI System The following system shows how the MD8 can be integrated into a MIDI-based recording system. Acoustic sounds are recorded to the MD8, while MIDI instruments are controlled by a MIDI sequencer, which receives MTC or MIDI Clock from the MD8. Remote MD8 control is possible with a sequencer that supports MMC (MIDI Machine Control). See Controlling the MD8 with MMC on page 80 for more information.
Using MTC 75 Using MTC Setting the MD8 for MTC Operation 1. Press the [UTILITY] button and use the DATA dial to select the MIDI Sync function. 2. Press the [ENTER] button. The display shows Sync OFF . 3. Use the DATA dial to select MTC (MIDI Timecode). Sync MTC appears on the display and the MTC indicator to the left of the topmost line lights. 4. Press the [ENTER] button. 5. Press the [EXIT] or [UTILITY] button to leave the Utility mode. The MD8 is now ready for synchronized operation.
76 The MD8 & MIDI Using MIDI Clock Setting the MIDI Sequencer The MIDI sequencer must be set to receive and synchronize to an external MIDI Clock source. Refer to your MIDI sequencer’s user manual for more information. Exact MIDI Clock operation depends on what external synchronization features your MIDI sequencer supports.
Using MIDI Clock 77 5. Use the CURSOR shuttle to select the measure and time signature parameters and set the desired values using the DATA dial. The setting range for the measure parameter is 1–999, while Meter allows for 1–99/2–16 settings. In other words, you could program a 99/16 time signature. While the measure field is flashing, you can also turn the DATA dial to the left to select the last measure of your Tempo Map and then scroll through your map in reverse order. 6. Press the [ENTER] button.
78 The MD8 & MIDI 5. Use the CURSOR shuttle to select the measure, beat, and tempo parameters and set the desired values using the DATA dial. The measure can be set from 1 to 999. The beat parameter depends on the number of beats per measure, which is specified by the Meter setting. For example, for a Meter setting of 4/4, the beat parameter can be set from 1 to 4. For a Meter setting of 6/8, this beat parameter can be set from 1 to 6.
Using MIDI Clock 79 The following example shows how sorting works when a tempo step is deleted. Current Tempo Map Tempo Step For Deletion A 001-1 ®120 B 003-1 ®123 Sorted Tempo Map A 0 0 1 -1 ®120 B 000-0 ®123 C 005-1 ®125 B 005-1 ®125 C 000-0 ®120 Saving a Tempo Map The Song Tempo (Meter and Tempo) settings are stored as soon as you update the TOC by pressing the [TOC WRITE] (STOP) button. It will be automatically loaded when you select the song in question.
80 The MD8 & MIDI Controlling the MD8 with MMC Quite a few of the MD8’s functions can also be controlled using MIDI Machine Control (MMC) commands. MMC is short for a set of MIDI messages that can be used to control audio and video (tape) machines, disc recorders, and other equipment. Typically, MMC commands include Stop, Play, and Pause. As you will see, the MD8 understands a lot more MMC messages.
Controlling the MD8 with MMC 81 Setting the MMC Device ID Because MMC messages are universal commands, you may have to set the MD8 so that it only responds to certain MMC messages. This is only necessary, however, if you are controlling several MMC-compatible devices that must not execute the same messages. A Device ID is a means of identifying a unit (“send it to unit number X”). Make sure however, the transmitting device sends data for the device number you specify here. 1.
82 The MD8 & MIDI Tempo Map Chart Meter Tempo Step Measure Time Signature Step Measure -Beat A 001 / A 001–1 B / B C / C D / D E / E F / F G / G H / H I / I J / J K / K L / L M / M N / N O / O P / P Q / Q R / R S / S T / T U / U V / V W / W X / X Y / Y Z / Z MD8—Owner’s Manual Tempo
MD8 Applications 10 83 MD8 Applications This chapter shows how the MD8 can be used for various applications. One-Take Recording One-Take recording is ideal for live recording or recording bands that like to record with all members playing together. In this system, vocals, backing vocals, guitar, and drums are recorded using microphones, while the bass is connected via DI (Direct Injection). Powered monitors are connected to the AUX SENDs for vocal and synthesizer monitoring.
84 MD8 Applications MIDI Home Studio In this system, acoustic instruments are recorded to the MD8, while MIDI instruments are controlled by a MIDI sequencer, which receives MTC or MIDI Clock from the MD8. Since the MIDI sequencer provides repeatable playback and is synchronized to the MD8, the MIDI instruments need not be recorded until the final mixdown. A monitor amp and speakers are used for monitoring, supplemented with a pair of stereo headphones.
Using the MD8 with Another Mixer 85 Using the MD8 with Another Mixer In this system, the MD8 is used in conjunction with another mixer, in this case, a Yamaha 03D Digital Mixing Console. Track signals are fed to the 03D via the MD8’s DIRECT OUTs. The 03D offers 4-band parametric EQ, two stereo multi-effects processors, scene memories, and mix automation, which can be synchronized to the MTC or MIDI Clock coming from the MD8, for fully automated mixing.
86 Beyond the Basics 11 Beyond the Basics This chapter provides some advanced tips and techniques for MD8 recording. Effects Return You can use LINE INPUTs 9, 10, 11, and 12 with an external effects processor. But they can also be used as extra stereo inputs. They accept line-level signals that can be assigned to tracks or sent to the stereo mix. In combination with the input channels, this provides up to 12 inputs. EQ EQ is not only for use during mixdown.
Pitch Applications 87 Pitch Applications Adjusting the pitch is a common multitrack technique. It’s useful when recording instruments that are slightly out of tune. For example, you’ve recorded the drum and bass parts and now it’s time to record the acoustic piano part. However, the piano is a little flat. The easy way around this problem is to record the piano part at a lower pitch with the pianist playing a little slower.
88 Beyond the Basics Mixdown This section provides tips and techniques for achieving the perfect MD8 mix. • Balance levels—you should already have some idea of how you want your mix to sound. This will, obviously, depend on the application and the instruments being mixed. Start with all faders positioned at the 7–8 mark. This is an optimum setting with regard to mixer performance and leaves you with some headroom to increase levels later.
Q&A Section 12 89 Q&A Section This section is intended to answer your questions about the MD8 and MD DATA discs. What’s the difference between MiniDiscs and MD DATA Discs? MiniDiscs were designed to store mono and stereo sound data. MD DATA discs were originally designed to store computer data. Ideal for use with digital cameras. However, they can also be used to store mono, stereo, and four-channel sound data. That’s how MD8 uses them.
90 Q&A Section Do I have to sacrifice one track to record timecode? No. The MD8 generates MTC (MIDI Timecode) or MIDI Clock from the disc’s internal sync signals. So even in a synchronized MIDI system, all eight tracks are available for sound recording. How many songs can I store on an MD DATA disc? Up to 254. Is MD8 sensitive to knocks and vibration? Within reason, no. The MD8 features a three-second sound buffer for uninterrupted operation. Do I have to clean the MD8 heads? No.
91 Troubleshooting If you’re having difficulty operating the MD8 or if it doesn’t seem to work as expected, look up the symptoms in the following table and follow the advice provided. Symptom Advice Cannot use the Auto Punch In/Out function! Make sure the power cord is connected to a suitable AC wall outlet and plugged into the AC IN connector at the rear of the MD8. Make sure that the MD8 POWER switch is set to the ON position. If you still cannot turn on your MD8, contact your Yamaha dealer.
92 Troubleshooting Symptom MIDI sequencer does not synchronize to the MD8! MMC remote control does not work. Advice Make sure that your MIDI sequencer supports MTC or MIDI Clock. Make sure that the MD4’s MTC or CLK function is turned on. MTC appears on the display when MTC is used and MASTER appears when MIDI Clock is used. Make sure your MIDI sequencer is set to synchronize to an external MTC or MIDI Clock source. Refer to the MIDI sequencer’s user manual.
MD8 Transport Modes 93 Appendix MD8 Transport Modes ● On z Flashing Mode Indicators REHE REC MD8 Status PLAY Stop — — — No activity. Play — — ● Normal playback Play Pause — — z Playback is paused. Cue FF — — ● Review — — ● Record Pause — z — Recording is paused. Record — ● ● Recording in progress. Rehearse Pause z — — Rehearsal is paused. Rehearse ● — ● Rehearsal in progress. New Record — ● ● A new song is being recorded.
94 Appendix Display Messages Message A D J S T Stop Blank Disc BLANK X Can't Combn Can't Copy Can't REC Can't Rehe Copy Stop CLK OFF! List Error Disc FULL Disc Locked DiscErr xx Erase Stop Erase Warn! Error xx IN/OUT Err MARK Failed Move Stop MTC OFF! No Blank No Disc Not MD Song OPEN Protected Read Cancel Reading TOC Reload Disc Save Warn ! UTOC FULL Writing TOC MD8—Owner’s Manual Meaning The [STOP] button was pressed, so the Adjust function was cancelled. The disc is blank.
Specifications 95 Specifications Recorder Digital/Audio Rec/Play Locate Sampling Frequency: 44.1 kHz Compression: ATRAC Frequency Response: 20 Hz–20 kHz, +1 dB, –3 dB THD+N: Less than 0.02% (1 kHz) S/N: 96 dB typ. 8-track independent simultaneous record/play (Recording time: 18 min) Dubbing with 8-track playback Auto & Manual Punch In/Out (11.
96 Appendix General Power Requirements USA & Canada: 120 V/60 Hz, Others: 230 V/50 Hz Power Consumption 40 W Dimensions (W x H x D) 484 x 102 x 412.3 mm Weight Operating Conditions 6.4 kg Temperature 5˚C–35˚C (41˚F–95˚F) Humidity 10%–95% Supplied Accessories AC power cord, Owner’s Manual Optional Accessories FC5 Footswitch Specifications subject to change without notice.
2TR IN R L 10, 12 LINE INPUT 9, 11 GAIN HA GAIN MIC/LINE 1, 2 INPUT MIC/LINE 3–8 INPUT HA 3 Band EQ 9–10/11–12 (CUE) LEVEL from TRACK DIRECT OUT FLIP MIC/ LINE PB from PB (CUE) LEVEL from TRACK DIRECT OUT FLIP MIC/ LINE 3 Band EQ LOW PB MID F MIC/LINE 1, 2 IN (BAL) LOW from PB MID F INSERT I/O HIGH HIGH +48V MID G MID G PHANTOM (CUE) PAN AUX 2 AUX 1 PAN to Rec (CUE) PAN AUX 2 AUX 1 PAN to Rec GROUP ST AUX CUE 1234 LR 12 LR CUE MIX TO STEREO CUE MASTER GROUP MAS
98 Appendix Dimensions W: 484 mm D: 412.
Glossary 99 Glossary ATRAC—An acronym for Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding. This is the compression technique used to fit the same amount of data as that of a 120 mm CD on a 64 mm MiniDisc. Using the ATRAC system, the MD8 provides an 8-track recording time of 18 minutes. ATRAC uses established psychoacoustic principles to compress audio data to approximately one-fifth of its original size, with virtually no loss in sound quality.
100 Glossary Low-Level Signal—A signal in the range from –100 dB to –20 dB. Microphone and electric guitar signals are in this range. The MD8’s MIC/LINE inputs support low-level signals. Contrast with Line-Level Signal. MiniDisc—A compact data storage medium designed to store music. MiniDiscs come in two varieties: playback only and recordable. MiniDiscs can only be used for 2-track or mono recording with the MD8. MiniDiscs recorded on the MD8 can be played on a normal MiniDisc deck.
Glossary 101 Phono Jack—Also know as an RCA jack, this type of connector is often used on semiprofessional audio and video equipment. Ping-Pong—A recording technique used to transfer (i.e., mix and rerecord) one or more tracks to other tracks to free up those tracks for further recording. The MD8 allows you to record on all eight tracks and then ping-pong (i.e., 8-track playback with ping-pong). A feature unique to the MD8.
102 Index Index Numerics C 2TR IN Connecting 85 2TR IN connectors 14 2TR IN MONITOR SELECT switch 7 Channel inputs 5 Clipping, definition 99 Combining Songs 67 Compiling a program 60 Confidence monitoring, definition 99 Connectors 2TR IN 14 AC IN 12 AUX SEND 13 INSERT I/O 14 LINE INPUTs 9-12 13 MIC/LINE INPUTs 1 and 2 14 MIC/LINE INPUTs 3-8 13 MIDI IN, OUT, and THRU 12 MONITOR OUT 14 PHONES 15 POWER ON/OFF switch 12 PUNCH I/O 15 STEREO OUT 14 TRACK DIRECT OUT 14 Copying Cue List 59 parts 71 Songs 62 Tr
Index Erasing Discs 62 Markers 56 Parts 69 Songs 68 Tracks 68 Error messages 94 EVEN, pan 18 EXE, definition 99 EXIT button 11 F Fader Input channel 6 STEREO 7 Fast Forward 51 First session 16 First track recording 17 FIX 8 FLIP switch 5 Footswitch Auto punch in/out 36 Connector 15 Operation table 47 Punch in/out operation 31 Frame Display 72 Frame, definition 99 G GAIN control About 5 Go 38 Group Assign Switches 6 Group assign Input channels 6 Inputs 9-12 7 GROUP button 11 GROUP MASTER level controls 7
104 Index MIDI Clock 79 Definition 100 Indicator 8 Sequencer setting 76 System setup 74 Using 76 MIDI Timecode see MTC MiniDisc Definition 100 Types 3 Mixdown Beyond the basics 88 Definition 100 Operation 21 Overview 22 MMC Device ID 81 Indicator 8 Receive 81 MMC (MIDI Machine Control 80 Moni Take 39 MONITOR LEVEL control 7 OUT connectors 14 SELECT switches 7 Monitoring About 23 Beyond the basics 87 Overview 22 Moving songs 65 MTC Cabling notes 75 Definition 100 Frame display 72 Indicator 8 Sequencer sett
Index REHE button 10 Rehearse Pause mode 93 Rehearsing Auto punch 34, 37 Mode 93 Ping-pong 43 Remain 28 REMAIN, time counter 9 Remote control 80 Renumbering 64 Repeat A–B 58 All songs 57 Indicators 9 One song 57 REPEAT 1 indicator 9 REPEAT A-B indicators 9 REPEAT ALL indicator 9 REPEAT button 11 Resetting the pitch 46 Return 48 Review 52 Review mode 93 Rewind 51 Song Position Pointers, definition 100 SONG SEARCH buttons 10 Songs Title display 9 Specifications 95 Splitting songs 66 Status indicators 8 STER
YAMAHA [Multitrack Recorder] Date: 11 Sept 1997 MIDI Implementation Chart Model: MD8 Function... Transmitted Recognized Basic Channel Default Changed X X X X Mode Default Messages Altered X X ************** X X X True Voice X ************** X X Note Number Version: 1.
VZ47900 R1 1 IP 116 97 11 2000 CP Printed in Japan YAMAHA CORPORATION P.O.