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3155 100MS/s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM GENERATOR User Manual PUBLICATION NO. 980866 RACAL INSTRUMENTS Racal Instruments, Inc. Racal Systems Elettronica s.r.l. 4 Goodyear St., Irvine, CA 92618-2002 Tel: (800) RACAL-ATE, (800) 722-2528, (949) 859-8999; FAX: (949) 859-7139 Strada 2-Palazzo C4, 20090 Milanofiori Assago, Milan, Italy Tel: +39 (0)2 5750 1796; FAX +39 (0)2 5750 1828 Racal Instruments, Ltd. Technologiepark Bergisch Gladbach, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse, D-51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany Tel.
THANK YOU FOR PURCHASING THIS RACAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCT. For this product, or any other Racal Instruments product that incorporates software drivers, you may access our web site to verify and/or download the latest driver versions. The web address for driver downloads is: http://www.racalinstruments.com/downloads You will be asked to register one time only to gain access to the driver and product manual downloads sections. At registration a cookie will be placed on your computer if you choose to accept it.
FOR YOUR SAFETY Before undertaking any troubleshooting, maintenance or exploratory procedure, read carefully the WARNINGS and CAUTION notices. This equipment contains voltage hazardous to human life and safety, and is capable of inflicting personal injury. If this instrument is to be powered from the AC line (mains) through an autotransformer, ensure the common connector is connected to the neutral (earth pole) of the power supply.
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User Manual 3155 Table of Contents Chapter 1 OVERVIEW....................................................................................................................................... 1-1 What’s In This Chapter................................................................................................................... 1-1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................
User Manual 3155 FM...................................................................................................................................... 1-11 Output Type .............................................................................................................................. 1-11 Standard (FIXED) Waveforms.......................................................................................... 1-11 Arbitrary (User) Waveforms.............................................................
User Manual 3155 The Opening Screen................................................................................................................... 3-3 WaveCAD Features.................................................................................................................... 3-6 The Control Panels .................................................................................................................... 3-6 The Main Panel .................................................................
User Manual 3155 The Waveform Composer Menu Bar ................................................................................ 3-29 File Menu............................................................................................................................... 3-30 Edit Menu .............................................................................................................................. 3-31 View Menu.....................................................................................
User Manual 3155 SCPI Parameter Type ....................................................................................................... 4-15 Numeric Parameters......................................................................................................... 4-16 Discrete Parameters ......................................................................................................... 4-16 Boolean Parameters .......................................................................................
User Manual 3155 Sine Characteristics.................................................................................................................... 5-5 Sine Flatness (Using Sine Output) ............................................................................................. 5-6 Trig, Gate and Burst Characteristics .......................................................................................... 5-7 Chapter 6 PRODUCT SUPPORT ................................................................
User Manual 3155 List of Figures Figure 1-1, 3155 Series ..................................................................................................................... 1-2 Figure 1-2, WaveCAD - Control Panels............................................................................................. 1-3 Figure 1-3, WaveCAD - Wave Composer......................................................................................... 1-4 Figure 1-4, WaveCAD - FM Wave Composer...............................
User Manual 3155 Figure 2-28. Editing Chassis Number and Slot location.................................................................. 2-25 Figure 2-29. Communicating with your Instrument ........................................................................ 2-26 Figure 3-1, The opening Screen........................................................................................................ 3-3 Figure 3-2, WaveCAD’s Toolbars...........................................................................
User Manual 3155 Chapter 1 OVERVIEW What’s In This Chapter This chapter contains general and functional descriptions of the Model 3155 Arbitrary Waveform Generator. It lists and describes any options available for this model. It also describes the front panel connectors and operational modes. The Model 3155 has a maximum sample clock rate of 100 MS/s and maximum frequency output 50 MHz. Introduction 3155 Series Feature Highlights Model 3155 is a single-channel PXI-based Arbitrary Waveform Generator.
User Manual 3155 Figure 1-1, 3155 Series 1-2 Overview Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.
User Manual 3155 WaveCAD Feature Highlights • Three powerful tools in one software package: Instrument control panel, Waveform composer and FM signal composer • Detailed virtual front panels control all 3155 functions and modes • Ability to generate, edit and download complex waveforms • FM wave composer generates and downloads complex modulating signals • Automatic detection of active instruments • Equation editor to allow generation of waveforms from equations • SCPI command and response editor to simul
User Manual 3155 Figure 1-3, WaveCAD - Wave Composer Figure 1-4, WaveCAD - FM Wave Composer 1-4 Overview Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.
User Manual 3155 Functional Description Output Functions A detailed functional description is given following the general description of the features, functions, and options available with the 3155. Model 3155 is completely digital. There are no analog functions resident in its hardware circuits. Data has to be downloaded to the instrument to start generating waveforms. The instrument can generate standard functions such as sine wave, triangular wave and square wave.
User Manual 3155 Memory Segmentation There is no need to use the entire memory every time an arbitrary waveform is generated. The waveform memory can be divided into smaller segments and different waveforms can be loaded into individual segment. The various segments may then be loaded into a sequence table to generate long and complex waveforms. The sequence table can link up to 4096 segments, while each segment can loop up to 1 million times.
User Manual 3155 There is one option available for the 3155. Options Option TCXO – This options adds 1ppm TCXO reference Ordering Information Model Description Part Number 3155 14 bit, 100MS/s PXIbus AWG 407810-001 3155, 1ppm 14 bit, 100MS/s PXIbus AWG, 1ppm 407810-011 Safety Considerations The instrument has been manufactured according to international safety standards. The instrument meets EN61010, VDE 0411/03.
User Manual 3155 Front Panel Connectors The 3155 has 3 BNC connectors on its front panel: main and SYNC outputs and trigger input. There are also 2 SMB connectors: sine output and 10MHz reference input. These connectors are described below. Output The output connector outputs fixed (pre-defined) waveforms up to 50MHz, user (arbitrary) and sequenced waveforms with sampling clock to 100MS/s. Output impedance is 50Ω; the cable connected to this output should be terminated with 50Ω load.
User Manual 3155 modulation affect this output directly. The sine waveform output is programmed to 100 MHz, so it may serve as an additional output to those available on the front panel. REF IN This SMB connector accepts a 10MHz, TTL level reference signal. The external reference input is available for those applications requiring a better accuracy and stability than that provided by the reference used by the 3155. The reference input is active only after selecting external reference source mode.
User Manual 3155 nal goes low, is the last point of the waveform. Burst Mode The burst mode is an extension of the triggered mode where the generator can be programmed to output a pre-determined number of waveforms. The sources to trigger a burst are the same as for the trigger mode. Frequency Agility Because it uses DDS (Direct Digital Synthesis) technology, the 3155 is extremely agile. Operations like sweep, FSK and FM are directly derived from the DDS circuit by controlling its input bits.
User Manual 3155 FM The FM function modulates the 3155 sample clock frequency. You can frequency modulate the output either with built-in waveforms, or by downloading complex waveforms into FM modulation memory. Using DDS technology, the modulation is wide band and extremely linear. FM can be used in continuous, triggered and gated modes. The 3155 can generate two types of frequency modulation: 1) Standard and 2) Arbitrary.
User Manual 3155 Arbitrary (User) Waveforms The arbitrary waveform memory is capable of storing one or more user-defined waveforms. The 3155 is supplied with 1 Meg of waveform memory. There is no need to use the entire memory for only one waveform since the memory can be divided into smaller segments. Different waveforms can be loaded and the instrument can be programmed to output one segment at a time.
User Manual 3155 Figure 1-5b. Segment 2 – Sine Waveform Figure 1-5c Segment 3 – Pulse Waveform The following sequence was made of segment 2 repeated twice, segment 1 repeated four times, and segment 3 repeated twice. Figure 1- 6d. Sequenced Waveforms Overview 1-13 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.
User Manual 3155 Output State The main output can be turned on or off. The internal circuit is disconnected from the output connector by a mechanical switch (relay). This feature is useful for connecting the main output to an analog bus. For safety reasons, when power is first applied to the chassis, the main output is always off. Filters Two filters are built into the 3155.
User Manual 3155 Chapter 2 INSTALLATION Installation Overview This chapter contains information and instructions necessary to prepare the Model 3155 for operation. Details are provided for initial inspection, grounding requirements, repackaging instructions for storage or shipment and installation information. Unpacking and Initial Inspection Unpacking and handling of the generator requires normal precautions and procedures applicable to handling of sensitive electronic equipment.
User Manual 3155 Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cables, connector jacks, or test fixtures. The American National Standard Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present. Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power receptacle.
User Manual 3155 WARNING Do not attempt to float the output from ground as it may damage the Model 3155 and other equipment connected to the 3155 connectors. Long Term Storage or Repackaging For Shipment If the instrument is to be stored for a long period of time or shipped immediately, proceed as directed below. If you have any questions, contact the Racal Instruments Customer Service Department. 1.
User Manual 3155 Removing the Instrument from the Bag The 3155 is supplied in an antistatic bag. Check the seal on the bag to make sure the bag was not opened in a static unsafe environment. Place the enveloped card on static free surface and hook yourself up with a grounding strap. Only then break the seal and remove the card from the envelope. Hold the card at the metal panel end. Refrain from touching the instrument with your finger at all times.
User Manual 3155 Copying Instrument Drivers The 3155 is a Plug & Play instrument, meaning that after you install it in your PXI chassis, Windows will automatically detect its presence and will ask you to supply the appropriate drivers to operate this instrument. After you copy the drivers, Windows will add the drivers to the device manager and will assign resources for the instrument. The 3155 is supplied with a CD that contains the .
User Manual 3155 Figure 2-1, which will search for new drivers 6. Follow the procedure as shown below. 7. After installing the PXI 3155 successfully (see the previous section), you’ll be prompted to reboot your computer. Figure 2-1 – Add New Hardware Wizard Press Next and select one of the options in the dialog box below. We recommend that you check the “Search for the best driver for your device” option as shown in Figure 2-2. 2-6 Installation Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ...
User Manual 3155 Figure 2-2 – Search for 3155 Driver Press Next and you’ll now be prompted to select the location of the driver files on your computer as shown in Figure 2-3. The 3155 is supplied with an installation CD. Insert this CD into your CD-ROM drive and check the CD-ROM drive option. If you already have the files installed somewhere on your computer, you can specify your custom location. Either type in the complete path or click on the Browse button to identify your driver location.
User Manual 3155 Assuming that you used the supplied CD, press Browse and specify the subfolder Win9xdrv located in the Drivers folder, as shown in Figure 2-4. Figure 2-4 – Specify Subfolder for Your instrument Press OK. Windows will automatically detect the device driver and will show the next dialog box, as shown in Figure 2-5. Check the device description to make sure it agrees with your instrument description.
User Manual 3155 Press Next and observe that Window copies the files from the CDROM drive to your hard drive, as shown in Figure 2-6. Figure 2-6. Copying Device Driver After Windows has completed copying the device drivers, you can click on the Finish button to complete the installation process. Figure 2-7 – Finish Copying Device Driver Installation 2-9 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.
User Manual 3155 The next step is necessary to verify that the device driver was installed properly and is displayed correctly in the System Device Manger. Do the following: 1. Click on the Start button, then Settings and then Control Panel. 2. In the Control Panel dialog box, find the icon labeled System. 3. Click on the System icon and then on the Device Manager tab. 4. Click on Racal Instruments.
User Manual 3155 Windows 2000/XP Device Driver Installation A device driver is necessary for the 3155 software to communicate to the PXI boards. In Windows 2000/XP, however, the 3155 installation package cannot automatically install device drivers for PXI devices. The Windows Plug & Play Manager is responsible for detecting devices and prompting the user for the correct driver. To assign a driver to a device, Windows refers to a .INF file. The .
User Manual 3155 Figure 2-10 – Install Hardware Device Drivers Press Next and you’ll now be prompted to select the location of the driver files on your computer as shown in Figure 2-11. The 3155 is supplied with an installation CD. Insert this CD into your CD-ROM drive and check the CD-ROM drives option. If you already have the files installed somewhere on your computer, you can specify your own custom location.
User Manual 3155 ure 2-12. Figure 2-12 – Copying Device Drivers After Windows has completed copying the device drivers, Windows displays the Driver Files Search Results as shown in Figure 2-13. Click Next and then Finish to complete the installation process. Figure 2-13 – Driver Files Search Results Installation 2-13 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.
User Manual 3155 Figure 2-14 – Completing the Found New Hardware Wizard The next step is necessary to verify that the device driver was installed properly and is displayed correctly in the System Device Manger. Do the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. Click on the Start button, then Settings and then Control Panel. In the Control Panel dialog box, find the icon labeled System. Click on the System icon and then on the Hardware On the Hardware tab click on the Device Manager button. 5. Click on Racal Instruments.
User Manual 3155 Figure 2-15 – Device Manager Installation 2-15 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.
User Manual 3155 Windows NT Device Driver Installation A device driver is necessary for the 3155 software to communicate to the PXI boards. In Windows NT, however, the 3155 installation package cannot automatically install device drivers for PXI devices. To assign a driver to a device, Windows refers to a .INF file. The .INF file provides instructions for Windows as to which driver files to install and which registry entries to insert.
User Manual 3155 To install the software click on “Install Software Utilities” and follow the install program as shown in Figure 2-17. The preparing to install phase will check for previously installed versions and other potential install problems.. Figure 2-17 – Install preparation After finishing the “Preparing to Install” phase, the install wizard shown in Figure 2-18 will take you to the first installation step assuming that no problems were detected.
User Manual 3155 Figure 2-19 – Customer Information Step 2-18 Installation Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.
User Manual 3155 After typing the customer details press Next and select either the Typical mode or the Custom mode setup type, as shown in Figure 220. Selecting typical setup mode allows the install wizard to finish the complete installation with its default parameters while selecting Custom mode allows the user to change the installation path and instrument options, as shown in Figures 2-21 and 2-22.
User Manual 3155 Figure 2-21 – Selecting Destination In order to change the installation features, as shown in Figure 2-22, check the desired feature by clicking in the appropriate check box. Press “Next” to finish the installation. Figure 2-22 – Selecting Features 2-20 Installation Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.
User Manual 3155 In order to complete the setup, you need to restart your computer. You can either restart your computer immediately or do it later, but remember that the software won’t work without restarting the computer. Figure 2-23 – Selecting Features Installation 2-21 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.
User Manual 3155 The ArbDetector The ArbDetector detects all 3155 arbitrary waveform generators that are plugged into the PXI chassis and lets you review instrument identity, serial number, installed options etc. You may also use the device detector to fine-tune your controller type, chassis size and slot location. Before you can start using the 3155, you must make sure that the ArbDetector has been invoked. Look at your lower right corner of your screen and identify the Startup bar.
User Manual 3155 Using the ArbDetector To invoke the ArbDetector program, either double-click on the icon or open the options window as shown in Figure 2-25 and click on the Open ArbDetector command. Doing so, the dialog box as shown in Figure 2-26 will open. Figure 2-26. The ArbDetector Dialog Box The ArbDetector dialog box is divided into two sections. The left side looks just like the familiar explorer program. This shows how many devices are currently located inside your PXI system.
User Manual 3155 Configuring Actual Slot Location The ArbDetector allows you to specify the actual slot where your instrument resides. This is important in systems that have multiple chassis’ and multiple arbs, regardless of weather you are using chassis connected in a “star” or serial configuration. After you specify the location of the instrument, external applications like ArbConnection can access these parameters and program the specific instrument you need to access.
User Manual 3155 Figure 2-28. Editing Chassis Number and Slot location In the Slot Number field select the actual location of your instrument and in the Chassis Number select the actual chassis where your instrument resides. To complete the chassis and slot assignment, click on OK. The dialog box will be removed from the screen and the Slot configuration parameters will be updated with the information. Notice the 10-digit number above the slot number.
User Manual 3155 The Response field can also be used to query instrument settings. Try the following queries and check the response: OUTPUT? FREQUENCY? VOLT? // will query output state // will query frequency setting // will query amplitude setting The commands as you type them will be saved in a history list. You can use any command from this list by viewing the list and selecting a command, then clicking on Send to program this command. Figure 2-29.
User Manual 3155 Chapter 3 WaveCAD What’s In This Chapter This Chapter contains information how to install, invoke and use WaveCAD. An introduction to WaveCAD and examples of how to program instrument parameters and generate waveforms on the 3155 is also given in the following sections. Introduction To WaveCAD In general, WaveCAD is a utility program that serves as an aid for programming the Model 3155.
User Manual 3155 Installing WaveCAD The installation program installs WaveCAD on a logical drive of your choice. The default is drive C. It automatically creates a new directory and copies the files that are required to run the program. Before you install WaveCAD, make sure that you have at least 5 Megabytes available on your hard disk. To install WaveCAD, insert the distribution CD in the CD drive.
User Manual 3155 Conventions Used in This Manual This manual uses certain typographical conventions to make it easier for you to follow instructions. These conventions are described in the following: [Enter, or ↵] Press the Enter or Return key. [Esc] Press the Escape key. [Ctrl-S] Press the Control key and the letter that follows, simultaneously. In this example, the letter is S. The control key also appears underlined in the menus.
User Manual 3155 The Startup & Communication Options dialog box is displayed at the top. You can check the “Store and don’t show…” so next time you invoke WaveCAD, this dialog box will not be displayed. The purpose of this dialog box is to inform the program how you intend to use it. Since WaveCAD is used for other platforms, it is important to select the communication link for the 3155 as PXI by clicking on the PXI button.
User Manual 3155 There are two more options to select from this dialog box. The Start Communications with: First Found instrument – will start WaveCAD communication with the first instrument that was detected. If there is more than one instrument plugged into the chassis, you may want to select the next option. Last Used Instrument – will direct WaveCAD communications to the instrument you used the last time before you exited the program.
User Manual 3155 The Panels bar provides direct access to instrument control panels. The individual control panels are explained later in this chapter. The MAIN, STD, ARB, TRIG, MOD and UTIL buttons will bring up to the screen panels that are associated with these names. The WAVE and FM buttons open the waveform and FM waveform composers. The opening screen has two panels – MAIN and STD so the two buttons on the Panels bar are depressed.
User Manual 3155 Panel will automatically pop up and cascade in front of the Main Panel. LED’s –LED’s indicate which of the parameters are displayed on the Digital Display. A red LED indicates that the parameter name next to this LED is selected. Only one LED can be ON at a time. HINT Pressing the button below the LED will turn on the LED. You can also select an LED by clicking on the LED itself! Dial – Use the dial to modify displayed reading.
User Manual 3155 Figure 3-32, The Main Panel If you are connected properly to the PCI bus and WaveCAD has detected this link and placed the address in its Link field, then every time you press a button, you are getting an immediate action on the 3155. It is different if you are changing parameters on the display; Doing this, you’ll have to press the Execute button for the command to update the instrument.
User Manual 3155 Operating Modes The Operating Modes group is used for selecting the active trigger mode for the instrument. You can select between continuous, triggered, gated and burst modes. There is no additional panel associated with continuous mode. If you press one of the other operating mode options, the 3155 will be updated with the new trigger option and the Trigger Panel will pop up, allowing adjustments of trigger parameters.
User Manual 3155 The Standard Waveforms Panel Parameters The Standard Waveforms panel, as shown in Figure 3-4, may be accessed a number of ways: click on it to bring it to the foreground, click on the STD. button on the Instruments bar, or click on the Standard button in the Waveforms group of the Main Panel. The functional groups in the Standard Waveforms Panel are described below. The Parameters group contains two parameters: Amplitude and Offset.
User Manual 3155 Note The normal color of the digital reading is dark blue. If you modify the reading, the color changes to a lighter shade of blue, indicating that the 3155 has not been updated yet with the new parameter. Pressing Execute updates the instrument and restores the color of the digital readout to dark blue, indicating that the displayed value is the same as the generator setting. Also note that the digital readout has an autodetect mechanism for the high and low limits.
User Manual 3155 WARNING By selecting an external reference you are disabling the internal reference circuit. If no, a 10 MHz reference is connected to the instrument, the 3155 will generate an indeterminate frequency. Figure 3-33, The Standard Waveforms Panel Waveforms The Arbitrary & Sequence Panel The Waveforms group lets you select standard functions and modify their associated parameters. You can select any of nine standard wave shapes that the 3155 can generate.
User Manual 3155 Parameters The Parameters group contains buttons for adjusting Amplitude, Offset, and active segments. The values exhibited in this group are exactly the same as in the Main Panel, so every time you change amplitude and offset in the Parameters group, the other panels are updated automatically. You can also select the active segment from this group. To access the required parameter, click on the button below until the LED next to the required parameter turns on.
User Manual 3155 Sample Clock The Sample Clock group consists of one parameter that controls the sample clock frequency. Note that the sample clock rate is programmed in units of S/s (samples per second) and will affect the Model 3155 only when it is programmed to output arbitrary or sequenced waveforms. To access the required parameter, click on the button until the LED next to the required parameter turns on. The value associated with the lit LED is displayed on the digital display.
User Manual 3155 Internal – disables the TRIG IN input and routes the internal trigger generator to the trigger advance circuit. The frequency of the internal trigger is adjustable using the trigger panel. STAR – connects the trigger source to the backplane STAR line. This serves as common trigger line to all modules. TTLT0 to TTLT7 – connects the trigger source to one of eight backplane trigger lines. Besides the grouped controls, there are five other buttons available on the Arbitrary & Sequence Panel.
User Manual 3155 Figure 3-35. The Segment Table The two main fields in the segment table are Seg and Length. The Seg (segment) is an index field, which can have values from 1 to 4096. A Length is associated with each segment number. You can program any segment length from 16 to 1Meg provided that the sum of the length for all programmed segments does not exceed the maximum memory size, 1Meg. Use the Append key to add a segment at the end of the segment list.
User Manual 3155 Using the Sequence Table To learn more about sequences and sequence control, refer to section 4 of this manual. The 3155 generates sequenced waveforms, but waveforms must be loaded to the instrument from a computer before it can generate the sequences. The waveforms are downloaded and stored in the 3155 in “waveform memory”. Waveform memory size is 1Meg. As was explained in Using the Segment Table above, waveform memory can be divided into smaller segments.
User Manual 3155 and Adv. These elements are explained below. Link # – defines an index array for the sequence table. When generating sequences, the instrument steps though the link # in descending order. Make sure that you enter your waveform segments in exactly the order you would like them at the output. Loop(s) – define how many times the segment will loop for the selected link. For example, if you program 2, the waveform will cycle twice through the same segment before transitioning to the next link.
User Manual 3155 The Trigger Panel The Trigger panel, as shown in Figure 3-8, is invoked either by pressing the TRIG button on the Panels bar, or by clicking on one of the Triggered, Gated, or Burst buttons on the Main Panel. Note that if you invoke the Trigger Panel from the Panels menu, the 3155 does not change its operating mode. If you select the Trigger option from the Main Panel and invoke the Trigger Panel, the 3155 immediately changes its operating mode to triggered mode.
User Manual 3155 Figure 3-37, The Trigger Panel Slope The Slope group lets you select the edge sensitivity for the trigger input of the 3155. If you click on Positive, the instrument triggers on the rising edge of the trigger signal. Likewise, if you click on Negative, the instrument triggers on the falling edge of the trigger signal. Source The Source group Provides access to trigger source parameters. Click on External to enable the front-panel TRIG IN connector.
User Manual 3155 or return to the main panel and leave the Trigger Panel in the background by clicking on the “To Main Panel” key. The Modulation Panel The Modulation panel, as shown in Figure 3-8, is invoked either by pressing the MOD button (on the Panels toolbar) or the “To Modulation Panel” button on the Main Panel. The modulation panel provides access and control of a number of functions: FM (frequency modulation), FSK (frequency shift keying) and Sweep.
User Manual 3155 Note The normal color of the digital reading is dark blue. If you modify the reading, the color changes to a lighter shade of blue, indicating that the 3155 has not been updated yet with the new parameter. Pressing Execute updates the instrument and restores the color of the digital readout to dark blue, indicating that the displayed value is the same as the generator setting. Also note that the digital readout has an autodetect mechanism for high and low limits.
User Manual 3155 Figure 3-38, The Modulation Panel FSK The FSK group contains parameters for controlling the FSK function. To turn the FSK function on and off, click on the State button in this group. There are two other sub-groups in the FSK block: Parameters, and Mode. Parameters – Allows adjustment of the Ramp Time and Shifted Sample Clock frequency parameters. To access the required parameter, click on the button below the parameters sub-group until the LED next to the desired parameter turns on.
User Manual 3155 Sweep The Sweep group contains parameters for controlling sweep options. To turn the Sweep function on and off, click on the State button in this group. There are sub-groups in the Sweep block: Parameters, Direction, Type, Mode and Slope. Parameters – Allow adjustment of Sweep Stop and Sweep Time. You can also place a marker at a position programmed by the Mark parameter.
User Manual 3155 Slope – The Slope sub-group selects the edge sensitivity of the trigger input of the 3155. If you click on Positive, the instrument triggers on the rising edge of the trigger signal. Likewise, if you click on Negative, the instrument triggers on the falling edge of the trigger signal. There are three additional buttons at the right top corner of the Modulation Panel.
User Manual 3155 Figure 3-39, The Utility Panel Filter The Filter group lets you place filters in series with the output path. Click on 25 MHz, 50 MHz or All to select both. Click on Off to disable all filters. System Commands This sub-group lets you Reset the entire instrument to factory defaults. You can also Clear Error Queue if you made programming errors and want to remove the error list from the queue.
User Manual 3155 The System and Command Editor WaveCAD requires the correct configuration to work with the 3155. For example, the computer you are using must be connected to the PXI chassis through a known and well-defined communication link, such as, MXI3. Also, software and registers must be set properly for the generator to function properly. It is also possible for the 3155 to have problems communicating with your computer.
User Manual 3155 System Commands The System Commands group lets you send common commands and test the 3155 for proper operation. The Time Out field sets system timeout in units of seconds. Note that PCI communication does not require time out setting therefore, it is blanked out for this instrument. The *CLS and *RST , buttons are used for clearing the error queue, and resetting the instrument to factory defaults. The *TST? button.
User Manual 3155 The Waveform Composer Being an arbitrary waveform generator, the 3155 has to be loaded with waveform data before it can start generating waveforms. A waveform generation and editing utility is part of WaveCAD and is called Waveform Composer. This program gives you tools to create definitions for arbitrary waveforms. It can also convert data files from other products, such as oscilloscopes, and use them directly as waveform data.
User Manual 3155 Figure 3-41, The Wave Composer Opening Screen File Menu The File menu has four commands which, control waveform files. Also use this command to print the active waveform, or to exit the Wave Composer program. Description of the various menu selections under the File menu, one given below. New Waveform The New Waveform menu selection clears the waveform presently displayed on the WaveCAD graph.
User Manual 3155 Save Waveform (Binary) The Save Waveform menu selection stores the active waveform in the 3155 directory as a binary file with a *.wav extension. If this is the first time you save your waveform, the Save Waveform As… command will be invoked automatically, letting you select name, location and format for your waveform file. Save Waveform As… Use the Save Waveform As… menu selection the first time you save your waveform.
User Manual 3155 then click on the right mouse button to terminate this operation. NOTE The Sketch mode may also be invoked using the corresponding toolbar icon. Smooth The Smooth function lets you smooth out rough transitions in your waveform. This is done mathematically by multiplying waveform data points by the non-linear portion of a cubic function. The Smooth operation is done on segments of the waveform bound by the WaveCAD “anchors”. Anchor operation is described later in this chapter.
User Manual 3155 sponding toolbar icon. Trim Left The Trim Left function operates in conjunction with the left anchor. It is helpful if you want to “chop off “ the left section of your waveform. After use of this function, the portion to the left of the anchor will be removed from the graph and the waveform starts where the anchor was placed before the trim left operation.
User Manual 3155 View Menu The View menu lets you view various options on the waveform graph. The View commands include: Zoom In, Zoom Out, and Hide/Show Toolbar. A description of view menu function is given below. Zoom In You may zoom in on portions of the waveform by dragging the left and right anchors to the area you want to zoom and then by using the Zoom In function. The example in Figure 3-14 shows a magnified portion of the waveform.
User Manual 3155 Figure 3-43, Zooming In on Waveforms Wave Menu The Wave menu lets you create waveforms on the WaveCAD graph. The Wave command has a library of 8 waveforms: Sine, Sawtooth, Square, Sinc, Gaussian, Exponent, Pulse, and Noise. It also lets you create waveforms using the Equation Editor. Information on how to create waveforms using the Wave menu is given below. Creating Waveforms From the Built-in Library You can create waveforms from the built-in library using the Wave menu.
User Manual 3155 Figure 3-44, An Example of Generating Sine Waveforms From the Built-in Library. Creating Sine Waveforms Use the following procedure to create sine waveforms from the builtin library. Click on Wave, then sine… the dialog box as shown in Figure 3-15 appears. You can now start programming the parameters available in this box. Start Point – Defines the start point of the created sine.
User Manual 3155 discrete amplitude steps. The Amplitude parameter defines how many of these steps is use for generating the sine. The waveform amplitude is given in units of points. The waveform amplitude fields let you specify the maximum and minimum peak separately. The example shows sine waveform with maximum peak-to-peak values. Smaller values generate an attenuated sine. Start Phase – The start phase parameter defines the angle at which the sine starts. The example shows a 90° start phase.
User Manual 3155 clicking on this icon again, or by clicking on the right mouse button. Autoline mode lets you draw straight-line segments. To draw a line using this command click the left mouse button at the start point. Click again at the next point. Then click the right mouse button to terminate Autoline mode. Sketch mode is invoked using this icon. Click on this icon again, or click your right mouse button to terminate Sketch mode. Sketch mode lets you draw free-hand segments.
User Manual 3155 cation and press Enter. Use this icon after you have zoomed in to zoom out to view the entire waveform graph. This icon causes the waveform to the left of the left anchor will be removed and for the left anchor position to become the first point of the waveform. Note that the length of the horizontal axis must be divisible by four.
User Manual 3155 The Waveform Graph Waveforms are created and edited on the waveform graph. Figure 317 shows an example of a waveform created using the equation editor and the anchors to limit generation of the waveform between points 100 and 900. The elements of the waveform graph are described below. The waveform screen has two axes – vertical and horizontal. Both axes are divided into points. The vertical axis is labeled from –8192 through 8191 for a total of 16,384 point.
User Manual 3155 1) Click and hold the mouse cursor on the left anchor triangle and then drag the curtain to the left position. Do the same for the right anchor. Notice the X and Y coordinates at the top of the waveform screen and how they change to correspond to your anchor placement. 2) You can also place your anchors in a more precise manner from the waveform library by programming the start and end points for the waveform. An example of anchor placement using the sine dialog box is shown in Figure 3-14.
User Manual 3155 The FM Wave Composer Menu Bar The FM Wave Composer menu bar provides access to standard Windows commands such as File and Edit. In some cases, clicking on a new menu selection opens a dialog box with an additional list of choices. Then, clicking on an additional item, may open a dialog box or generate an immediate action. For example, Clicking on File and then Exit causes immediate termination of the FM Wave Composer.
User Manual 3155 Open Waveform… The Open Waveform… function lets you browse your disk for previously saved waveform files and loads these waveforms onto the waveform graph. This function allows you to import FM waveforms in ASCII file format (space delimited test with an *.ASF extension). Save Waveform The Save Waveform function stores the active waveform in your 3155 directory as a binary file with the *.wvf extension.
User Manual 3155 Edit Menu The Edit menu is used for manipulating the waveform that is drawn on the graph. The editing menu is explained in the following paragraphs. Autoline Autoline mode lets you draw straight-line segments. To draw a line using this command click the left mouse button at the start point. Click again at the next point and then click on the right mouse button to terminate this operation. Sketch The Sketch command lets you draw free-hand segments.
User Manual 3155 Undo The Undo command undoes the last editing operation. Wave Menu The Wave menu lets you create waveforms on the screen. The Wave command has a library of 6 waveforms: Sine, Triangle, Square, Exponent, Pulse, and Noise. It also lets you create waveforms using an Equation editor. Information how to create waveforms using the Wave menu is given below. Creating Waveforms From the Built-in Library You can create a waveform from the built-in library using the Wave menu.
User Manual 3155 Start Phase – The start phase parameter defines the angle of which the sine will start. The example shows 0° start phase. Power – Sine to the power of 1 generates a normal sine. The power range is from 1 through 9. Raising a sine to a higher power creates waveforms with progressively steeper rise times. Even powered sines have positive values only. FM Settings Wavelength Specifies the number of points on the horizontal FM axis.
User Manual 3155 Figure 3-49, An Example of Generating Modulating Sine From the Built-in Library. ArbConnection 3-47 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.
User Manual 3155 Generating Waveforms Using the Equation Editor One powerful feature of WaveCAD is the Equation Editor. The Equation Editor lets you express mathematical equations almost as you would on a blank piece of paper. The equations are then translated to sequential points that form waveforms displayed on the waveform graph.
User Manual 3155 tion generates a sine waveform. If you change the offset setting in the Offset field and press the Adjust key, the waveform offsets m i mediately without changing the equation. You can also change the amplitude, or both amplitude and offset. If you check the Manual option, click on the Adjust button for the Amplitude and Offset parameters to take effect. The Adjust button name changes to Restore and back to Adjust if you click on it again.
User Manual 3155 Equation Conventions The following paragraphs describe the conventions used to write an equation. To avoid errors, make yourself familiar with these conventions before writing equations. Equations are written in conventional mathematical notation. You may only enter the right part of the equation. The only limitation is that the equation must be of a single variable directly related to the current horizontal axis setting. Case is not important and spaces are ignored.
User Manual 3155 Typing Equations log(x) The base 10 logarithm of x In(x) The natural (base e) logarithm of x abs(x) The absolute value of x -1E^20<>1E^20 Equation constants If you remember from your high school, the simple equation for a line is Y=aX+b. You can use the same equation to generate straight lines with the Equation Editor. Assuming first that p=0, try this: Ampl(p)=1000 Press [Preview] and see the flat line which runs parallel to the X-axis.
User Manual 3155 Ampl(p)=6000*sin(omg*p*10) Equation Samples So far, you have learned how to create two simple waveforms: straight lines and trigonometric functions. Lets see if we can combine these waveforms to make something more interesting. Take the straight line equation and add it to the sinewave equation: Ampl(p)=6000*sin(omg*p*10)-2*p+2000 Press [Preview]. Your screen should look like Figure 3-22.
User Manual 3155 Now lets try to modulate two sinewaves with different periods and start phases. Type this: Ampl(p)= 8000*sin(omg*p)*cos(omg*p*30) Press [Preview]. Your screen should look like Figure 3-23. Figure 3-52, Using the Equation Editor to Modulate Sine Waveforms. In the example as shown in Figure 3-24, 20% second harmonic distortion has been added to a standard sinewave. The original waveform had a peak-to-peak value of 5000 points so 20% second harmonic is equivalent to 1000 points.
User Manual 3155 Figure 3-53, Using the Equation Editor to Add Second Harmonic Distortion. In Figure 3-25 10 cycles of a sinewave are made to decay exponentially. The original expression for a standard sinewave is multiplied by the term e^(-P/250). Increasing the value of the divisor (200 in this case) slows down the rate of decay. Use the following equation: Ampl(p)=8000*sin(omg*P*10)^e(-P/250) Press [Preview]. Your screen should look like Figure 3-25.
User Manual 3155 Figure 3-54, Using the Equation Editor to Generate Exponentially Decaying Sinewave The last example as shown in Figure 3-26 is the most complex to be discussed here. Here, 100 cycles of sinewave are amplitude modulated with 10 cycles of sine wave with a modulation depth of 20%. To achieve this, the upper and lower sidebands are defined separately and added to the fundamental or carrier.
User Manual 3155 Figure 3-55, Using the Equation Editor to Build Amplitude Modulated Signal With Upper and Lower Sidebands Combining Waveforms The last feature allows you to combine waveforms previously stored on your hard disk. Write mathematical expressions containing waveforms, simple operands and trigonometric functions similar to the example given below. If you want to use waveforms in your equations, you must first generate these waves and store them on your hard disk.
User Manual 3155 Ampl(p)= Sine.wav*sin(omg*p*10)*Noise.wav/1000 If you did not make any mistakes, the waveform graph should look as shown in Figure 3-27. Figure 3-56, Combining Waveforms Into Equations ArbConnection 3-57 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.
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User Manual 3155 Chapter 4 PROGRAMMING REFERENCE What’s In This Chapter What’s Required This chapter lists and describes the software drivers that are supplied with the instrument. It also lists and describes the set of SCPIcompatible (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) commands used to operate the 3155. To provide familiar formatting for users who have previously used the SCPI reference documentation, the command descriptions are dealt in a similar manner.
User Manual 3155 The RIComm.dll Functions The RICom.dll controls communication with the PCI bus. There are five library functions that call this dll. These functions are described in the following. FindInstrument Purpose Scans PXI baskets for 3155 units and returns the number of instruments found.
User Manual 3155 OpenInstruemnt Purpose Initiates communications with one of the instruments found using the function FindInstrument() C Syntax OpenInstrument (int hInstr) Resource Classes PXI, PCI Parameters Name Description hInstr Instrument handle number. Must be out of a range of instruments that were found in the PXI baskets. The numbers start at 0 (for first device) to n-1. This value is extracted using the RIComm.
User Manual 3155 OpenAllInstrument Purpose Initiates communications with all instruments found using the function FindInstrument() C Syntax OpenAllInstrument (void) Resource Classes PXI, PCI Parameters None Return Values Completion Codes Description PCI_SUCCESS Function executed without errors PCI_INS_ALREADY_OPEN Trying to establish new communication link while instrument has already been connected.
User Manual 3155 CloseInstrument Purpose Terminates communications with one of the instruments C Syntax CloseInstrument (int hInstr) Resource Classes PXI, PCI Parameters Name Description hInstr Instrument handle number. Must be out of a range of instruments that were found in the PXI baskets. The numbers start at 0 (for first device) to n-1. This value is extracted using the RIComm.
User Manual 3155 GetInstrumentAttribute Purpose Use this function to fetch instrument identity, options, slot location, serial number etc. C Syntax GetInstrumentAttribute (int hInstr, INSTRATTR* pInstrAttr) Resource Classes PXI, PCI Parameters Name Description hInstr Instrument handle number. Must be out of a range of instruments that were found in the PXI baskets. The numbers start at 0 (for first device) to n-1. This value is extracted using the RIComm.
User Manual 3155 GetInstrumentAttribute (continued) Instrument Attributes Structure - INSTRATTR m_Type m_Description m_BasicModel Describes the model number (3155). Provides description of the instrument – Arbitrary Waveform Generator Provides in formation on maximum sample clock frequency. 100 MS/s is standard for the 3155. m_MemSize Provides information on the installed memory option. 1 Meg of memory is standard. m_ClockOption Provides information if the TCXO option is installed.
User Manual 3155 GetStateMessage Purpose Returns a string with a description of the error found C Syntax Void GetStateMessage (INSTRUMENT state, char *pMsg, int size) Resource Classes PXI, PCI Parameters Name Description state An error code. The error list is available in RIComm.h. pMsg Returns a string identifying the error Size Assigned buffer size for the returned string Return Values None Description Use this function to detect errors while sending commands to the instrument.
User Manual 3155 The 3155drv.dll Functions The 3155drv DLL controls the complete functionality of the instrument. You also have to use this DLL to communicate with your instrument. Communication with the instrument is done using SCPI commands. The SCPI commands by themselves cannot program the instrument but must be used with conjunction with the 3155drv DLL. There are two library functions that call this DLL. These functions are described below.
User Manual 3155 Description The SendCommand() function is the main function you’ll use for controlling instrument functions and parameters. The 3155 is using Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI). The following paragraphs describe SCPI syntax, structure and format. In general, you can program the instrument by sending one command at a time. However, the inbuf has a capacity to accept up to 256-character strings.
User Manual 3155 SendBlock Purpose Use this function to send arbitrary waveform values as well as FM arbitrary waveform values to the instrument either from an external file or from an array. C Syntax INSTRUMENTSTATE SendBlock (int hInstr, WORD mode, char *pFileName, void *pWave, DWORD size) Resource Classes PXI, PCI Parameters Name Description hInstr Instrument handle number. Must be out of a range of instruments that were found in the PXI baskets. The numbers start at 0 (for first device) to n-1.
User Manual 3155 Error Codes Description PXI_COMMAND_ERROR if value is 0x8000000, error is in SCPI syntax or other errors relating to instrument setability .SCPI error list is given in the SCPI Commands reference. If value is larger than 0x8000000, look for problems in the communication with the 3155. The most probable cause for such an error is not invoking the Arb Detector program after you power up your computer. Description The 3155 is a waveform generator.
User Manual 3155 2. 3. 4. 5. char last; }FMPT; Define array FMPT fmWav[] Fill the structure with data array of which each fmWav represents: pt – S/s value x 14.
User Manual 3155 FREQUENCY are both acceptable forms. Use upper or lowercase letters. Therefore, FREQ, FREQUENCY, freq, and Freq are all acceptable. Other forms such as FRE and FREQUEN generates an error. The above syntax statement shows the frequency parameter enclosed in triangular brackets. The brackets are not sent with the command string. A value for the frequency parameter (such as "FREQ 50e+6”) must be specified. Some parameters are enclosed in square brackets ([]).
User Manual 3155 Querying Parameter Setting Query the current value of most parameters by adding a question mark ( ? ) to the command. For example, the following command sets the output function to square: SOUR:FUNC:SHAP SQR Query the output function by executing: SOUR:FUNC:SHAP? Query Response Format The response to a query depends on the format of the command. In general, a response to a query contains current values or settings of the generator.
User Manual 3155 Numeric Parameters Commands that require numeric parameters accept all commonly used decimal representations of numbers including optional signs, decimal points, and scientific notation. Special values for numeric parameters like MINimum and MAXimum are also accepted. Engineering unit suffices with numeric parameters (e.g., MHz or kHz) can also be sent. If only specific numeric values are accepted, the function generator ignores values which are not allowed and generates an error message.
User Manual 3155 is used to differentiate between the accepted short form (upper case) and the long form (upper and lower case). The PARAMETER FORM column indicates the number and order of parameter in a command and their legal value. Parameter types are distinguished by enclosing the type in angle brackets ( < > ).
User Manual 3155 Table 4-1.
User Manual 3155 Table 4-1. Model 3155 SCPI Commands List Summary (continued) Keyword Parameter Form (Default in Bold) Notes :ROSCillator :SOURce INTernal | EXTernal | TCXO :VOLTage [:LEVel] [:AMPLitude] (5.000;80E-3;8.00) | MINimum | MAXimum :OFFSet (0;-3.6;+3.
User Manual 3155 Table 4-1.
User Manual 3155 Table 4-1.
User Manual 3155 Table 4-1. Model 3155 SCPI Commands List Summary (continued) Keyword Parameter Form (Default in Bold) Notes *CLS *ESE (0;0;255) *OPC *RST *SRE (0;0;255) *TRG *ESE? Query only *ESR? Query only *IDN? Query only *OPC? Query only *OPT? Query only *SRE? Query only *STB? Query only *TST? Query only Programming Reference 4-22 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.
User Manual 3155 SOURce Subsystem Keyword Limit This subsystem is used to control output functions, shape and parameters, frequency, amplitude and amplitude modulation, and filter type. Optional nodes were omitted from these commands. Factory defaults after *RST are shown in bold typeface. Parameter low and high limits are given where applicable.
User Manual 3155 :MARKer (?) :VOLTage (?) :OFFSet (?) :SINusoid :PHASe (?) :TRIangle :PHASe (?) :SQUare :DCYCle (?) :PULSe :DELay (?) :WIDTh (?) :TRANsition (?) :TRAiling (?) :RAMP :DELay (?) :TRANsition (?) :TRAiling (?) :SINC :NCYCle (?) :GAUSsian :EXPonent (?) :EXPonential :EXPonent (?) :DC (?) {|MINimum|MAXimum} 64e6,100e-3,100e6 5,80e-3,8 0,-3.6,3.6 0,0,360 0,0,360 50,1,99 10,0,99.9 10,0,99.9 10,0,99.
User Manual 3155 APPLy:SINusoid{,,,} Purpose This command is a high-level command that programs the 3155 to output sine waveform along with its associated parameters • sets the output frequency in units of Hertz • sets the output amplitude in units of Volts • sets the output offset in units of Volts • sets the output start phase in units of degrees Parameter type Numeric Parameter range 100e-6 to 50e6 80e-3 to 8 -3.6 to +3.
User Manual 3155 • sets the output frequency in units of Hertz • sets the output amplitude in units of Volts • sets the output offset in units of Volts • sets the squarewave duty cycle in units of % Parameter type Numeric Parameter range 100e-6 to 50e6 80e-3 to 8 -3.6 to +3.6 1 to 99 APPLy:SQUare? Response The 3155 returns ,,,.
User Manual 3155 APPLy:RAMP{,,,,,} Purpose This command is a high-level command that programs the 3155 to output ramp waveform along with its associated parameters • sets the output frequency in units of Hertz • sets the output amplitude in units of Volts • sets the output offset in units of Volts • sets the delay to the pulse rise transition in units of % • sets the pulse rise time in units of % • sets the pulse fall time in
User Manual 3155 APPLy:EXPonential{,,,} Purpose This command is a high-level command that programs the 3155 to output an exponential waveform along with its associated parameters • sets the output frequency in units of Hertz • sets the output amplitude in units of Volts • sets the output offset in units of Volts • sets the exponent value Parameter type Numeric Parameter range 100e-6 to 50e6 80e-3 to 8 -3.6 to +3.
User Manual 3155 APPLy:DC{<%_ampl>} Purpose This command is a high-level command that programs the 3155 to output a DC level along with its associated parameter • <%_ampl> sets the output level as percentage of the amplitude setting Parameter type Numeric Parameter range <%_ampl> -100 to +100 in units of % APPLy:DC? Response to query version The 3155 returns <%_ampl>.
User Manual 3155 FM? Response and default The 3155 returns 1 if the FM is on, or 0 if the FM is off. Default is 0. FM:DEViation Purpose This command sets the deviation frequency in units of samples per second. • sets the phase offset between the channels. Phase offset is in waveform points Parameter type Numeric Parameter range 100e-3 to 100e6 in units of samples per second FM:DEViation? Response and default The 3155 returns the present frequency deviation value.
User Manual 3155 FM:FUNCtion:SHAPe? Response and default The 3155 returns SIN, TRI, SQU, or RAMP depending on its present setting. Default is SIN. FM:FREQuency Purpose This command sets the modulating wave frequency.
User Manual 3155 FM:TRIGge r:MODE{CONTinuous|TRIGered|GATEd} Purpose This command selects one of the FM modes. • CONTinuous selects continuous modulation • TRIGered selects triggered modulation • GATEd selects gated modulation Parameter type Discrete FM:TRIGger:MODE? Response and default The 3155 returns CONT, TRIG, or GATE depending on its present setting. Default is CONT. FM:TRIGger:SLOPe{POSitive|NEGative} Purpose This command selects slope sensitivity for the FM trigger input.
User Manual 3155 FREQuency:RASTer{|MINimum|MAXimum} Purpose This command modifies the sample clock frequency of the arbitrary waveform in units of samples per second (S/s). It has no affect on standard waveforms.
User Manual 3155 FSK:FREQuency:RASTer? Response and default The 3155 returns the present shifted sample clock frequency value. The returned value is in standard scientific format (for example: 1KHz would be returned as 1E3 – positive numbers are unsigned). Default value is 80e3. FSK:MODE{HOP|RAMPed} Purpose This command selects one of the FSK modes.
User Manual 3155 Parameter type Discrete FUNCTion:MODE? Response and default The 3155 returns FIX, USER, or SEQ depending on the present 3155 setting. Default value is FIX. FUNCtion:SHAPe{SINusoid|TRIangle|SQUare|PULSe|RAMP|SINC|EXPonential| GAUSsian|NOISe|DC} Purpose This command defines the shape of waveform that is available at the output connector. This command has no affect if present 3155 setting is USER or SEQ.
User Manual 3155 ROSCillator:SOURce? Response and default The 3155 returns INT, EXT, or TCXO depending on the present 3155 setting. Default value is INT. SWEep:STOP Purpose This command sets the stop sample clock frequency. When set to operate in sweep mode, the 3155 sweeps from the carrier sample clock frequency to the sweep stop sample clock frequency.
User Manual 3155 Parameter type Discrete SWEep:DIRection? Response and default The 3155 returns UP, or DOWN depending on the present 3155 setting. Default value is UP. SWEep:SPACing{LINear|LOGarithmic} Purpose This command selects the sweep spacing from linear spacing and logarithmic spacing. • selects linear steps • selects logarithmic steps Parameter type Discrete SWEep:SPACing? Response and default The 3155 returns LIN, or LOG depending on the present 3155 setting.
User Manual 3155 SWEep:[STATe]{OFF|ON} Purpose This command turns the sweep function on or off. • ON turns the sweep function on. • OFF turns the sweep function off. Parameter Type Boolean SWEep? Response and Default The 3155 returns 1 if sweep is on, or 0 if sweep is off. Default is 0. SWEep:TRIGger:SLOPe? Response and default The 3155 returns POS, or NEG depending on its present setting. Default is POS.
User Manual 3155 The 3155 returns the present amplitude value. The returned value is in standard scientific format (for example: 100mV would be returned as 100E-3 – positive numbers are unsigned). Default value is 5. VOLTage:OFFSet Purpose This command programs the amplitude offset of the output waveform. The offset is calibrated when the source impedance is 50Ω. • sets the amplitude offset Parameter type Numeric Parameter range -3.6 to +3.
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User Manual 3155 TRIangle:PHASe? Response and default The 3155 returns the present start phase value. Default value is 0. SQUare:DCYCle Purpose This command programs duty cycle of the standard square waveform. This command has no affect on arbitrary waveforms. • sets the duty cycle value Parameter type Numeric Parameter range 1 to 99 in units of percent SQUare:DCYCle? Response and default The 3155 returns the present duty cycle value. Default value is 50.
User Manual 3155 PULSe:WIDTh? Response and default The 3155 returns the present width value. Default value is 10. PULSe:TRANsition Purpose This command programs pulse transition from low to high of the standard pulse waveform. This command has no affect on arbitrary waveforms. • sets the rise time parameter Parameter type Numeric Parameter range 0 to 99.9 in units of percent PULSe:TRANsition? Response and default The 3155 returns the present rise time value. Default value is 10.
User Manual 3155 RAMP:DELay? Response and default The 3155 returns the present delay value. Default value is 0. RAMP:TRANsition Purpose This command programs ramp transition from low to high of the standard ramp waveform. This command has no affect on arbitrary waveforms. • sets the rise time parameter Parameter type Numeric Parameter range 0 to 99.9 in units of percent RAMP:TRANsition? Response and default The 3155 returns the present rise time value. Default value is 60.
User Manual 3155 SINC:NCYCle? Response and default The 3155 returns the present number of zero-crossing value. Default value is 10. GAUSsian:EXPonent Purpose This command programs the exponent for the standard gaussian pulse waveform. This command has no affect on arbitrary waveforms. • sets the exponent parameter Parameter type Numeric Parameter range 10 to 200 GAUSsian:EXPonent? Response and default The 3155 returns the present exponent value. Default value is 20.
User Manual 3155 OUTPut Subsystem This subsystem controls the characteristics of the output. It controls filter type and filter cutoff frequency. It is also used to control the sync output, source and position. Optional nodes were omitted from these commands. Factory defaults after *RST are shown in bold typeface. Parameter low and high limits are given where applicable.
User Manual 3155 Parameter type Discrete OUTPut:FILTer? Response and default The 3155 returns NONE, 25M, 50M, or ALL depending on the type of filter presently connected to the output. Default value is NONE. OUTPut:SYNC{OFF|ON|0|1} Purpose This command turns the 3155 SYNC output on and off. • ON or 1 sets the SYNC output on • OFF or 0 sets the SYNC output off Parameter type Discrete OUTPut:SYNC? Response and default The 3155 returns 1 if the SYNC output is on, or 0 if the SYNC output is off.
User Manual 3155 OUTPut:SYNC:POSition? Response and default The 3155 returns the present duty cycle value. Default value is 50. Response to query version The 3155 returns the present SYNC position value. Default value is 0. OUTPut:SYNC:WIDTh Purpose This command programs the width of the SYNC pulse. The sync width can be varied through a limited range to allow widening of the sync pulse.
User Manual 3155 INSTrument Subsystem A dual channel arbitrary waveform generator is considered as two logical instruments. The INSTrument subsystem provides a mechanism to identify and select instrument channels. Factory defaults after *RST are shown in bold typeface. Parameter low and high limits are given where applicable.
User Manual 3155 INSTrument:COUPle:PHASe Purpose This command programs the phase offset between the master and slave units. This command has no effect on the instrument in modes other than instrument couple. • sets the leading edge offset between master and slave units Parameter type Numeric (integer only) Parameter range 0 to “n” in units of waveform points, where “n” is the size of the active segment. The phase offset can be programmed in increments of 4 points.
User Manual 3155 Synchronizing Multiple Instruments The capability to synchronize multiple instruments is one of the strongest features of the Model 3155. However, since each instrument is free running and has completely independent settings and controls, one must first prepare the instruments to a level where all instruments can unite. See Configuring Actual Slot Location in Chapter 2 and Multi-Instrument Synchronization Control in the Utility Panel section of Chapter 3 for more detail.
User Manual 3155 to the sample clock frequency and start phase of the master signal. You can still program each module with some commands and retain lock position however, some operations require that you repeat the lock-in sequence as shown above. In the following you’ll find a list of operations that will not interfere with synchronization: 1. Changing output state on/off 2. Changing sync output state on/off 3. Changing sync validation bit/lcom 4. Modifying amplitude and offset 5.
User Manual 3155 TRIGger Subsystem The TRIGger subsystem is used to synchronize device actions with external events. These commands control the trigger modes of the Model 3155. The generator can be placed in Triggered, Gated or Burst mode. Trigger source is selectable from an external source, an internal trigger generator or a software trigger. Optional nodes were omitted from these commands. Factory defaults after *RST are shown in bold typeface. Parameter low and high limits are given where applicable.
User Manual 3155 ARM:SLOPe{POSitive|NEGative} Purpose This command sets the edge sensitivity of which the 3155 will stop in arm mode. The stop and start commands are applied at the rear-panel TRIG IN connector. • POSitive sets the positive edge • NEGative sets the negative edge Parameter type Discrete ARM:SLOPe? Response and default The 3155 returns POS, or NEG depending on the present setting. Default value is POS.
User Manual 3155 TRIGger:BURSt{OFF|ON|0|1} Purpose This command places the 3155 in burst mode. This command affects the 3155 only after it is set to triggered operation with the command INIT:CONT OFF. • ON or 1 enables burst mode • OFF or 0 disables burst mode Parameter type Discrete TRIGger:BURSt? Response and default The 3155 returns 1 if burst mode is on, or 0 if burst mode is off. Default value is 0. TRIGger:COUNt Purpose This command sets the burst counter.
User Manual 3155 TRIGger:SLOPe{POSitive|NEGative} Purpose This command sets the edge sensitivity of the trigger input. • selects positive edge sensitivity • selects negative edge sensitivity Parameter type Discrete TRIGger:SLOPe? Response and default The 3155 returns POS, or NEG depending on the present trigger setting. Default value is POS. TRIGger:SOURce:ADVance{EXTernal|INTernal|TTLTrig|STAR} Purpose This command sets the advance source for triggered mode.
User Manual 3155 100e-3 to 5e6 in units of seconds TRIGger:TIMer? Response and default The 3155 returns the present internal trigger timer value. The returned value is in standard scientific format (for example: 10ms would be returned as 10E-3 – positive numbers are unsigned). Default value is 1e3. TRIGger:IMMediate Purpose This command triggers the 3155 output once. This command affects the 3155 only when set to triggered mode operation.
User Manual 3155 TRACe Subsystem Keyword Limit The TRACe subsystem contains commands, which allow definition of segments and their corresponding length, addition and deletion of segments, and the loading of waveform data. Sequence commands control segments links and loops. Description of the SendBlock() command is also given. This command places 3155 in a special data transfer mode where the generator’s message-based interface is bypassed and data is loaded directly from the data bus.
User Manual 3155 Arbitrary Waveforms Arbitrary waveforms are generated from digital data points, which are stored in memory. Each data point has a vertical resolution of 14 bits (16384 points), i.e., each sample is placed on the vertical axis with a precision of 1/16384. The Model 3155 has the following waveform memory capacity: 1 Meg – standard memory configuration Each horizontal point has a unique address - the first being 00000 and the last depends on the memory option.
User Manual 3155 Downloading Arbitrary Waveforms There are two ways to download arbitrary waveform data points into the memory. You can use Wave Composer utility in WaveCAD to program segments and their size, create the waveform on the screen and then with a click of a button, download the entire waveform to the instrument. On the other hand, if you are writing your own application, you’ll need to use the SendComand() and SendBlock() functions.
User Manual 3155 nary block. 2002 is not a multiple of 4, therefore the generator generates an error message if this segment length is used. TRACe:DELete Purpose This command deletes a segment. The memory space being freed is available for new waveforms as long as the new waveform is equal to or smaller in size then the deleted segment. If the deleted segment is the last segment, then the size of another waveform written to the same segment is not limited.
User Manual 3155 Sequenced Wav eforms Sequenced waveforms are made of a number of arbitrary waveforms, which can be linked and looped in user-programmable order. Sequenced waveforms are generated from waveforms stored in the 3155 as memory segments. Therefore, before a sequence can be used, download waveform segments to the arbitrary memory using TRAC# or DMA methods. Information on how to partition the memory and how to download waveforms is given in the section entitled Downloading Arbitrary Waveforms.
User Manual 3155 1) The 3155 must be set to operate in continuous mode 2) Select the MIX sequence advance mode 3) Assign the mixed mode bits for each sequence step in your SEQ:DEF command. “0” programs normal advance, “1” programs trigger advance. A step with a “0” bit assigned to it advances automatically to the next step.
User Manual 3155 SEQ:DEF 2,2,1,1 SEQ:DEF 3,3,10,1 SEQ:DEF 4,4,1,0 (Step 2 = segment 2, no loops, mode 1) (Step 3 = segment 3, 10 loops, mode 1) (Step 4 = segment 4, no loops, mode 0) After selecting the sequence mode, the generator outputs segment 1 and automatically advances to segment 2. It continues to generate segment 2 until a valid trigger is received. After it has received a trigger, the generator wcompletes segment 2 and advances to segment 3.
User Manual 3155 The system-related commands are not related directly to waveform generation but are an important part of operating the 3155. These commands can reset or test the instrument, or query the instrument for system information. SYSTem Subsystem Keyword Limit Parameter Form Default,Low Limit,High :SYSTem :ERRor? :VERSion? :IDENtification? RESet *RST *IDN? SYSTem:ERRor? Purpose This query interrogates the 3155 for programming errors. Response to query The 3155 returns error code.
User Manual 3155 IEEE-STD-488.2 Common Commands and Queries Since most instruments and devices in an ATE system use similar commands that perform similar functions, the IEEE-STD-488.2 document has specified a common set of commands and queries that all compatible devices must use. This avoids situations where devices from various manufacturers use different sets of commands to enable functions and report status. The IEEE-STD-488.2 treats common commands and queries as device dependent commands.
User Manual 3155 *RST - Resets the generator to its default state. Default values are listed in Table 4-1. *SRE - Enables bits in the Status Byte enable register. *SRE? - Query the Status Byte enable register. The generator returns a decimal value in the range of 0 to 63 or 128 to 191 since bit 6 (RSQ) cannot be set. The binary-weighted sum of the number represents the value of the bits of the Service Request enable register. *STB? - Query the Status Byte summary register.
User Manual 3155 The Status Byte Register (STB) The Status Byte summary register contains conditions from the other registers. Query data waiting in the generator's output buffer is im mediately reported through the Message Available bit (bit 4). Bits in the summary register are not latched. Clearing an event register will clear the corresponding bits in the Status Byte summary register.
Power On User Request Command Error Execution Error Device Dependent Error Query Error Request Control Operation Complete User Manual 3155 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Standard Event Status Register *ESR? Logical OR & & & & & & & 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Queue & 0 Not-Empty Standard Event Status Register *ESE *ESE? Output Queue read by Serial Port RQS Service Request Generation 7 6 ESBMAV 3 2 1 0 Status Byte Register MSS Logical OR read by *STB? & 7 & 6 5 & 4 & 3 &
User Manual 3155 Reading the Status Byte Register The Status Byte summary register can be read with the *STB? common query. The *STB? common query causes the generator to send the contents of the Status Byte register and the MSS (Master Summary Status) summary message as a single element. The response represents the sum of the binary-weighted values of the Status Byte Register. The *STB? common query does not alter the status byte.
User Manual 3155 Standard Event Status Register (ESR) The Standard Event Status Register reports status for special applications. The 8 bits of the ESR have been defined by the IEEE-STD488.2 as specific conditions, which can be monitored and reported back to the user upon request. The Standard Event Status Register is destructively read with the *ESR? common query. The Standard Event Status Register is cleared with a *CLS common command, with a power-on and when read by *ESR?.
User Manual 3155 Standard Event Status Enable Register (ESE) The Standard Event Status Enable Register allows one or more events in the Standard Event Status Register to be reflected in the ESB summary message bit. The Standard Event Status Enable Register is an 8-bit register that enables corresponding summary messages in the Standard Event Status Register.
User Manual 3155 80 characters): -102,"Syntax error" A complete listing of the errors that can be detected by the generator is given below. -100,"Command error". When the generator cannot detect more specific errors, this is the generic syntax error used. -101,"Invalid Character". A syntactic element contains a character, which is invalid for that type. -102,"Syntax error". Invalid syntax found in the command string. -103,"Invalid separator". An invalid separator was found in the command string.
User Manual 3155 3. Activating filters when the 3155 is set to output the built-in sine waveform, or activating the built-in sine waveform when one of the 3155 filters is turned on. Corrective action: If in sine, select another function and activate the filter(s). 4. Activating burst mode when the 3155 is set to sequence mode, or activating sequence mode when the 3155 is set to burst mode. Corrective action: Remove the 3155 from burst or sequence and then selected the desired mode.
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3155 User Manual Chapter 5 PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION What’s in This Chapter This chapter provides performance tests for the Model 3155 Waveform Synthesizer. CAUTION ALWAYS PERFORM DISASSEMBLY, REPAIR AND CLEANING AT A STATIC SAFE WORKSTATION.
3155 User Manual Warm-Up Period Most equipment is subject to a small amount of drift when it is first turned on. To ensure accuracy, turn on the power to the Model 3155 and allow it to warm-up for at least 30 minutes before beginning the performance test procedure. Initial Instrument Setting To avoid confusion as to which initial setting is to be used for each test, it is required that the instrument be reset to factory default values prior to each test.
3155 User Manual Frequency Accuracy Accuracy Specifications: 0.01% of reading to 50.00 MHz Equipment: Counter 1. Configure the Model 3155 as follows: Function: Frequency: Amplitude: Remote Commands: Amplitude Accuracy Square 10 Hz 1V :RES :OUTP ON :FUNC:SHAP SQU :FREQ 10 :VOLT 1 2. Set the counter to frequency measurement. 3. Connect the Model 3155 output to the counter’s input.
3155 User Manual DC Offset Characteristics 2. Set the DMM to ACV measurements (RMS). 3. Connect the Model 3155 output to DMM input. Terminate the output with a 50O feedthrough termination. Set the amplitude and verify DMM reading as follows: 3155 SETTING DMM READING 7.50 V 750.0 mV 2.682 V – 2.622 V 268.2 mV – 262.2 mV Accuracy Specifications: ± (1% of reading +1% of amplitude +200µV), ± 400mV window ± (1% of reading +1% of amplitude +2mV), ±4V window Equipment: DMM, 50O feedthrough termination 1.
3155 User Manual Squarewave Characteristics Specified Transition Time: 10ns typical (10% to 90% of amplitude) Specified Aberration: <5% of amplitude Equipment: Oscilloscope, 20dB attenuator 1. Configure the Model 3155 as follows: Function: Frequency: Amplitude: Remote Commands: Sine Characteristics Square wave 1.000 MHz 5V :RES :OUTP ON :FUNC:SHAP SQU :FREQ 10e6 :VOLT 5 2. Connect the Model 3155 output to the oscilloscope input.
3155 User Manual Remote Commands ::RES :OUTP ON :FUNC:MODE USER :TRAC:DEF 4000 :TRAC:SEL 1 :FREQ:RAST 40e3 :VOLT 5 Using WaveCAD 6.x, change the axis (Setup | Axis) to have 4000 points (0 to 3999) for the first 4 steps below and 1000 points (0 to 999) for step 5 below. Download a 1k or 4k sine waveform (Wave | Sine | OK) into segment 1. FREQ:RAST # of Points ing 40e3 40e4 40e5 40e6 100e6 4000 4000 4000 4000 1000 Distortion 10Hz 100Hz 1kHz 10kHz 100kHz Read- < 0.05% < 0.05% < 0.05% < 0.05% < 0.05% 4.
3155 User Manual 3. Trig, Gate and Burst Characteristics Change the Model 3155 FREQ setting to 50.00 MHz (sine wave output to 100MHz). Verify that peak-to-peak of the displayed sinewave is greater than 5 divisions. Triggered - Each transition at the front panel TRIG IN connector stimulates the Model 3155 to generate one complete output waveform. Gated - External signal at the TRIG IN connector enables the Model 3155 output. The last cycle of the output waveform is always completed.
3155 User Manual 3155 outputs a gated signal. Leave the external pulse generator connected to the Model 3155 for the next test. Burst 1. Configure the Model 3155 as follows: Function: Frequency: Operating Mode: Remote Commands: 2. Sine wave 1.000 kHz Burst :RES :OUTP ON :FREQ 10e3 :INIT:CONT OFF :BURST:STAT ON :TRIG:COUN 10 Set the oscilloscope and verify that the Model 3155 outputs a burst of 10 complete output waveforms.
User Manual 3155 Chapter 6 PRODUCT SUPPORT Product Support Racal Instruments has a complete Service and Parts Department. If you need technical assistance or should it be necessary to return your product for repair or calibration, call 1-800-722-3262, or call 949-859-8999 and ask for Customer Support. You may also contact Customer Support via E-Mail at: helpdesk@racalinstruments.
User Manual 3155 Support Offices Racal Instruments, Inc. 4 Goodyear St., Irvine, CA 92618-2002 Tel: (800) RACAL-ATE, (800) 722-2528, (949) 859-8999; FAX: (949) 859-7139 Racal Instruments, Ltd. 480 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire, SL1 6BE, United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 1628 604455; FAX: +44 (0) 1628 662017 Racal Systems Electronique S.A. 18 Avenue Dutartre, 78150 LeChesnay, France Tel: +33 (1) 3923 2222; FAX: +33 (1) 3923 2225 Racal Systems Elettronica s.r.l.
User Manual 3155 Appendix A SPECIFICATIONS Output Channels 1 Multiple Instrument synchronization Description Multiple instruments can be connected together and synchronized to provide multi-channel synchronization.
User Manual 3155 Modulation Frequency Range 2mHz to 100 KHz Resolution 10 digits Accuracy 0.1% Peak Frequency Deviation DC to 50 MHz Advance Automatic, triggered, gated or software command Marker Output and Level Same as SYNC output.
User Manual 3155 Ramp Time Range 10 µs to 1 s, 3 digits, ±0.1% Sweep Description Sample Clock sweeps continuously from start to stop, at a rate defined by the sweep time. More complex sweep modes and types can be generated using the FM mode in conjunction with the FM composer program. Type Linear or logarithmic Direction Up or down, depending on the start and stop setting Range 50 S/s to 100 MS/s Time 1 ms to 1000 s, 7 digits, ±0.
User Manual 3155 STANDARD WAVEFORMS LIBRARY Waveforms Sine, Triangle, Square, Pulse, Ramp, Sinc, Gaussian Pulse, Exponential decay/Rise Pulse, Noise, DC Frequency Range Waveform dependent ARBITRARY WAVEFORMS Waveform Memory 1 Meg points Memory Segmentation Number of Segments 1 to 4096 Min Segment Size 16 points Memory Interleave 4 (All trace lengths must be multiples of 4) Vertical Resolution 14 bits (16,384 points) Waveform Download Rate 5 Meg points per second Sine Wave Performance Descri
User Manual 3155 Mixed Sequence Advance Each step of a sequence can be programmed to advance either a) automatically (Automatic Sequence Advance), or b) with a trigger (Stepped Sequence Advance).
User Manual 3155 Level >2 V into 50Ω, 4V nominal into 10KΩ Protection Protected against temporary short to case ground Position Point 0 to n, Programmable with 4-point resolution Width Programmable with 4 points resolution Sine Output Description An output that is directly derived from the sample clock generator and has an output frequency equal to the programmed sample clock frequency.
User Manual 3155 GENERAL Power Requirements <10W maximum Current Consumption +5V @ 30mA, +12V @ 200mA, -12V @ 200mA, +3.3V @ 1.4A EMC Certification EN61326:1997+A1:1998 FCC Part 15, Class A Safety EN61010-1:1993+A2:1995 Dimensions PXI Single width, 3U high Weight 8oz (0.23Kg) Environmental Spec Compliance 20°C - 30°C, 30min.
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