Programmable Power Supplies I ® PM2811-PM2812-PM2813 PM2831-PM2832 Programmable Power Supplies Users Manual 4822 872 00824 January 1997, Rev. 3, 5/98 © 1997 Fluke Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the Netherlands. All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.
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Programmable Power Supplies III LIMITED WARRANTY & LIMITATION OF LIABILITY Each Fluke product is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service. The warranty period is one year and begins on the date of shipment. Parts, product repairs and services are warranted for 90 days.
IV Users Manual SERVICE CENTERS To locate an authorized service center, visit us on the World Wide Web: http://www.fluke.com or call Fluke using any of the phone numbers listed below: +1-800-443-5853 in U.S.A.
Programmable Power Supplies CONTENS 1 2 I Page OPERATOR SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.3 CAUTION AND WARNING STATEMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.4 SYMBOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 1.
II Users Manual 3 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 4 3.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3.2 INITIAL INSPECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3.3 OPERATOR SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3.4 INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4.1 Mechanical installation . . . . . . . . . . .
Programmable Power Supplies 5 III USING YOUR PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLY . . . . . . . . 5-1 5.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 5.2 LOCAL OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2 5.3 REMOTE OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 5.4 OPERATING FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 5.5 HOW TO USE THE OPERATING FEATURES . . . . . . . .
IV Users Manual APPENDIX A ACCESSORIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 A.1 Supplied with the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 A.2 Optional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 APPENDIX B SCPI CONFORMANCE INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . .B-1 B.1 IEEE 488.2-1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1 B.2 SCPI Std 1993.0 Confirmed . . . . . . .
Programmable Power Supplies V Thank you for purchasing this FLUKE power supply. It has been designed and manufactured to the highest quality standards to give you many years of troublefree use. The powerful operating features have been combined with an easy and logical operation so that the full power of this instrument can be used every day.
VI Users Manual INITIAL INSPECTION Check the contents of the shipment for completeness and note whether any damage has occurred during transport. If the contents are incomplete, or if there is damage to the instrument or its accessories, notify the FLUKE sales or service office nearest you to facilitate the repair or replacement of the instrument or accessories.
Programmable Power Supplies VII INSIDE THIS MANUAL This operating manual has been aimed at the experienced user as well as the user new to Programmable Power Supplies. It will help the reader to use and operate the power supply manually (local operation) or from a PC via the GPIB (remote operation). 1) OPERATOR SAFETY Gives full information about safety aspects. 2) INTRODUCTION TO YOUR PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLY Describes what your power supply is and how you can use it.
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Operator Safety 1-1 1 OPERATOR SAFETY Read this page carefully before beginning to install and use the instrument. 1.1 INTRODUCTION The instrument described in this manual is designed to be used only by qualified personnel. WARNING: Servicing described in this manual is to be done only by qualified service personnel. To avoid electrical shock, do not service the instrument unless you are qualified to do so. 1.
1-2 Users Manual 1.4 SYMBOLS Symbol Meaning of symbol See explanation in manual Earth Conformité Européenne 1.5 IMPAIRED SAFETY Whenever it is likely that safety has been impaired, the instrument must be turned off and disconnected from line power. The matter should then be referred to qualified technicians. Safety is likely to be impaired if, for example, the instrument does not output the expected power or shows visible damage.
Introduction to your PPS 2-1 2 INTRODUCTION 2.1 INTRODUCTION TO YOUR PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLY The basic function of your programmable power supply (PPS) is to supply a predefined dc voltage or current in a controlled way through an output channel. Your power supply model can have one, two or three output channels. Unless stated otherwise, the information in this manual applies to all models. For technical and environmental performance specifications, refer to the Reference Manual.
2-2 Users Manual FRONT PANEL The front panel contains a keypad and LCD for dialogue with the operator. Local operation (manual) of the power supply is done via the keypad. The display is used for passing information to the operator, such as: • response information for the operator, e.g., ADDRESS 12 • readback information, e.g., an output voltage and current • status information, e.g., display of the REM text • error messages, e.g.
Introduction to your PPS 2-3 REAR PANEL The rear panel contains connectors for the line power input, the output channel(s), the trigger lines, and the GPIB (IEEE 488) interface. A fan provides forced cooling of each output channel. The line power input module also contains the line fuses, line filter, and the power switch. For remote control, a GPIB (IEEE 488) connector for use with a GPIB controller is provided.
2-4 Users Manual 2.2 BASIC OPERATION The programmable power supplies offer a combination of programming capabilities and a variety of dc output power ratings that make them ideal for power systems applications. The +V and +S as well as the -V and -S terminals have been connected to each other at the factory. POWER SUPPLY + output channel +S +V -V -S l o a d - Each output channel can be programmed to the desired dc voltage or dc current (output function).
Introduction to your PPS 2-5 After power on, the programmable power supply performs a self-test. If the selftest is succesful, the STANDBY, OPERATE, or CALIBRATION mode will be entered. In the OPERATE mode, an output channel can be in the ENABLED or DISABLED state (only multiple output models). power on SELF TEST STANDBY OPERATE DISABLED CALIBRATION ENABLED • SELF-TEST After power on the power supply will test itself.
2-6 2.2.1 Users Manual Local operation Using the front panel keys, you can program an output channel voltage or current. On the front panel display you can read back the actual voltage and current of the selected output channel.
Introduction to your PPS 2.2.2 2-7 Remote operation Via the General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB), you can program your programmable power supply to receive input data and to send output data. An example of input data (listener) is that a voltage and current can be programmed directly to the selected output channel. An example of output data (talker) is the readback voltage and current of the selected output channel. IEEE 488.2 compatibility IEEE 488.
2-8 Users Manual The programmable functions have been implemented via the GPIB by means of the following SCPI subsystems: DISPlay SYSTem SOURce voltage output channel 1 OUTPut CALibration INSTrument ABORt sense input channel 1 MEASure step INITiate • • TEST STATus • • • • • • • • • • • • input/output channel n
Introduction to your PPS 2-9 • ABORt This subsystem is used for stopping the step function of the power supply. • CALibration This subsystem is used for calibration of the instrument. Your power supply can be calibrated without removing the cover or removing the power supply from your rack measurement setup. This feature allows you to calibrate the power supply at its normal operating temperature. The recommended calibration interval is one year.
2 - 10 2.2.3 Users Manual Sense modes Each output channel has been provided with a set of four terminals. The inner terminals have been marked as - V(oltage) and + V(oltage), while the outer terminals have been marked as - S(ense) and + S(ense). -S -V +V +S Each output channel can be connected to a load in two different ways: • through the +V and -V terminals, causing the power supply to operate in its local sense mode.
Introduction to your PPS 2 - 11 Remote sensing -S -V +V +S load If the voltage drop across the +V and -V wires to the load is substantial, the voltage at the load will be less than the programmed value. To prevent the voltage at the load from being less than the programmed value, the sense wires must also be connected to the load (remote sensing). This way of sensing allows the power supply to compensate for voltage drops in the wires between the power supply and the load.
2 - 12 Users Manual 2.3 ADVANCED OPERATION 2.3.1 Output channel interconnections Identical output channels can be connected in the following ways to increase the total output capability: • In series to increase the output voltage capability. Refer to section 5.6.2 "Serial connection of output channels" for more information. + V1 L O A D – + Vload = V1 + V2 V2 – • Parallel to increase the output current capability. Refer to section 5.6.
Introduction to your PPS 2.3.2 2 - 13 Multiple loads If more than one load is connected to an output channel, use separate wires to connect each load. This minimizes mutual coupling effects and takes full advantage of the power supply’s low output impedance. Each pair of wires should be as short as possible to reduce wire inductance and noise pickup to prevent the loads from mutually influencing each other, due to load fluctuations. The loads must be connected in parallel, not in series.
Installation Instructions 3-1 3 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS 3.1 INTRODUCTION This section contains instructions for the following: • • • • • inspecting the contents of the shipment for completeness and/or damage during transport (initial inspection) ensuring the safety of the operator installing the power supply making the input and output connections performing the installation acceptance checks 3.
3-2 Users Manual The instrument described in this manual is to be used by properly trained personnel. Do not remove the cover or perform any adjustment, maintenance, or repair unless you are qualified to do so and are aware of the hazards involved. Symbol Before connecting the instrument to line power, ensure that the power ground is functioning correctly. Before any other connection is made, the instrument must be connected to the earth (ground) conductor via the three-conductor power cord.
Installation Instructions 3.4.2 3-3 Electrical installation Pre-installation checks: • Read Chapter 1 "OPERATOR SAFETY" before making any connections. • Before inserting the power plug into the power supply, ensure that the ground conductor is functioning correctly. Check that this instrument is suitable for the local situation as indicated on the model number plate (sticker) on the rear panel.
3-4 3.4.3 Users Manual Front Connection Unit Introduction This section describes the use and capabilities of the Front Connection Unit, mounted underneath the power supply. The Front Connection Unit provides the interconnections between the rear and front terminals.
Installation Instructions 3-5 Local sensing The SENSE switch is in ’LOCAL’ position if S1 is ’closed’. +S S1 +V Load S1 -V -S CAUTION: Do not connect a load to the sense terminals +S and -S, because the maximum current through the switch is limited to 4 A. Currents exceeding this limit will damage the switch. Also make sure that the sense wires (used for remote sensing) are disconnected from the sense terminals to prevent current through the sense switches.
3-6 Half size model Full size model Users Manual
Installation Instructions 3-7 3.5 OUTPUT CONNECTIONS This section describes the following output connections: • output channel terminals • GPIB connector • trigger bus SMB connectors 3.5.1 Output channel connections The number of the output channels of the various power supplies is indicated in the last figure of the model number (single, dual or triple).
3-8 3.5.2 Users Manual GPIB connections The GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus) is identical to the IEC 625 or IEEE 488 interface bus. At the rear you will find a 24-pin female connector in which the connector pinning assignment is in accordance with IEEE 488.2 - 1987. An IEEE cable connects your power supply via an IEEE interface board to a controller.
Installation Instructions 3-9 3.6 ACCEPTANCE TESTS The acceptance tests give information about the correct operation of the instrument after installation. The interface test must be performed when using the programmable power supply for remote operation via the Controller/GPIB interface. 3.6.
3 - 10 Users Manual n = 1, 2, or 3: CPU error of output channel 1, 2, or 3 DECIMAL 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 ERROR DESCRIPTION Not used. ROM checksum error. Configuration checksum error. Calibration checksum error. Checksum error of the default settings. Processor timer failure. Not used. Output channel not responding. If the display is correct, character # will be displayed on the 16 character positions. Also the text (ENABLED 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 t t t t t t REM SRQ) will be displayed for 1 second.
Installation Instructions 3.6.2 3 - 11 Interface check To perform the GPIB interface check, the power supply must be connected to the controller via the GPIB; therefore, you need a GPIB interface card + software GPIB drivers + a programming language. The various parts of the following interface check must be executed sequentially. Your power supply goes into the remote state when the first command is sent via the GPIB. However, the results of programmed commands can still be monitored on the display, e.
3 - 12 Users Manual The following check can be executed for all available output channels. A choice has been made for output channel 1 of a multiple output model. For single output models, the output channel does not have to be selected and the channel indication will not be displayed. Use the SELECT key to select the output channel to be displayed (only for multiple output models). send → :INST:NSEL 1 Select output channel 1. send → :OUTP:STAT ON Enable selected output channel.
Getting Familair with the Power Supply 4-1 4 GETTING FAMILIAR WITH THE POWER SUPPLY This chapter will help the user new to programmable power supplies. 4.1 INITIAL SETUP OF YOUR POWER SUPPLY 4.1.1 Power up routine WARNING: 0 Before you turn on your power supply, make sure that the power input voltage matches the power voltage specifications on the decal on the rear of your power supply. Refer to section 3.4.2 "Installation" for instructions on how to check this.
4-2 4.1.2 Users Manual Instrument identification Your power supply can be identified by its model number and version number. At delivery the power supply has a default IEEE device address. To identify your power supply, proceed as follows: 1) Start up the identification by pressing: the AUX key as many times as necessary to dislay the following: ADDRESS Note: aa The address aa is the actual GPIB device address (default = 28).
Getting Familair with the Power Supply 4-3 4.2 FRONT PANEL LAYOUT The following sections describe how to use the front panel control keys in combination with the 16-character display and the annunciators concerned. To be able to use the front panel keys, the power supply must be in the local mode. If the supply is in the remote mode (REM text displayed), press LCL .
4-4 FAULT handling Adjust output Numeric input Users Manual 23 I 4 OVP 22 OCP EN OCP DIS Enable/disable the overcurrent protection of the selected channel. 5 DELAY Verify/set the reprogramming delay 21 UNMASK Verify/set the bit mask of the fault register. 20 DISP Show the contents of the fault register. 6 RESET Reset the overvoltage/overcurrent/fail protection. 7 − V + 19 − I 10 0 ... 17 0 OFF Turn off key. 18 1 ON Turn on key. 16 .
Getting Familair with the Power Supply 4-5 c) COUPLE PROTection of all output channels. d) Set STandBY AT Power ON behavior on or off. e) Adjust the CONTRAST of the display (0-9). f) LOCK the KEYboard 2). g) Verify/set the GPIB ADDRESS (0 - 30). h) Verify the identity and firmware version of the power supply + its output channel(s). i) Verify/set the CALlibration access CODE LCL Switch the power supply to local control.
4-6 4.2.2 Users Manual Display indicators In the OPERATE mode, the display can show up to 16 characters, which are refreshed four times per second. On the front plate just below the display, a number of status abbreviations, e.g., CV (Constant Voltage), have been placed. Above each status abbreviation an annunciator (W sign) can be displayed to indicate the validity of the corresponding status abbreviation.
Getting Familair with the Power Supply 4-7 4.3 OUTPUT CHANNEL CONNECTIONS WARNING: To prevent SHOCK HAZARD, turn off the line power before making output channel connections or disable the output channel concerned. All wires and straps must be properly insulated, and connected with terminal block screws securely tightened. Before any connection can be made, the plastic terminal block cover must be unscrewed and removed.
4-8 Users Manual 4.4 GETTING STARTED The various parts of this tutorial must be executed sequentially. Before starting with this tutorial, make sure the power supply is in the local state. If the supply is in the remote state (REM is displayed), press LCL . If the REM text does not disappear, the LCL key is disabled remotely by the Local Lockout (LLO) command from the GPIB controller.
Getting Familair with the Power Supply 4.4.2 4-9 Setting an output voltage Do not connect any load. The +V and +S terminals must be interconnected as well as the -V and -S terminals. 1) Set the voltage of the selected output channel to 5V by pressing: V 5 The display shows: n VSET 5 V 2) Enter the output voltage setting by pressing ENTER Check that the display reads approximately 5V.
4 - 10 4.4.3 Users Manual Setting an output current 1) Turn off the power supply. 2) Remove the plastic terminal block cover from the output to be tested. Connect a short circuit (jumper wire) between the - V(oltage) and + V(oltage) output terminals as follows: -S -V Note: +V +S The diameter of the jumper wire must be large enough to carry the maximum short-circuit current. 3) Turn on the power supply.
Getting Familair with the Power Supply 9) 4 - 11 Disable the overcurrent protection and reset the output channel by pressing: OCP EN OCP DIS RESET Check that the display reads approximately 0.5A. Also check that the CC annunciator is on, indicating that the output channel is in the ’Constant Current’ mode again. 10) Turn off the power supply. 11) Remove the jumper wire between the - V(oltage) and + V(oltage) output terminals and reattach the terminal block cover.
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Using your Programmable Power Supply 5-1 5 USING YOUR PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLY 5.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter contains functional information about using your programmable power supply (PPS). It covers basic information, such as connecting a load to an output channel, and more advanced information such as the following: 1) Connecting loads in parallel to an output channel.
5-2 Users Manual 5.2 LOCAL OPERATION Local operation of your power supply is done through the front panel keys and display. Operational and error information is shown on the display. The keys are used for operator communication and have been placed into functional groups.
Using your Programmable Power Supply 5-3 5.3 REMOTE OPERATION In the remote mode, pressing the front panel keys will have no effect on programmed settings. It is, however, possible to view the actual settings on the front panel display, by pressing the front panel keys SELECT, V, I, OVP, DELAY, UNMASK, DISP, LCL, and AUX. SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) is a standardized set of commands to be used for remote control of programmable test and measure instruments.
5-4 Users Manual 5.4 OPERATING FEATURES Your programmable power supply is equipped with a GPIB interface, which conforms to the IEEE-488.2 standard and the SCPI protocol (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments). The power supply can be programmed to operate in a remotely controlled instrumentation system via the GPIB. You can use each output channel of the power supply as a constant voltage source (CV mode), as a constant current source (CC mode), or as a constant current sink (PM283x only).
Using your Programmable Power Supply • 5-5 Extended STEP possibilities, i.e., the capability to step sequentially through a number of predefined voltage and current settings. This can be done: - Manually using the STEP key. - Automatically at predefined intervals (internal timer) - Externally - by a STEP line trigger via the trigger bus - by a trigger via the GPIB interface You can use this feature to generate test patterns and simulate ramp functions.
5-6 Users Manual The following illustrations show the possible connections. • SERIES connection to increase the total output voltage capability: + + V1 L O A D – + V2 Vload =V1 + V2 Iload = Vload / Rload Pload = Vload x Iload - – • WARNING: To guarantee the safe use of the power supply, the total maximum voltage at each terminal must not exceed 240V with respect to ground.
Using your Programmable Power Supply 5-7 5.5 HOW TO USE THE OPERATING FEATURES This section contains information about how to use the features of your power supply, such as: • Dealing with output channel-specific ratings and characteristics. • Performing local and remote sensing. • Using an output channel as constant voltage or constant current source. • Using the memory functions: - Store/recall voltage/current settings. - Step manually through voltage/current settings.
5-8 Users Manual PM2831/32 The following characteristic shows the work area of the output parameters. The linear system power supplies PM2831 and PM2832 can source as well as sink currents. There is, however, only one setting for current. When the power supply is used as a load, the value of the sink current will always track the positive setting. +V −Pmax Pmax Vmax Constant voltage as well as constant current mode possible. Only constant current mode possible. 1.
Using your Programmable Power Supply 5-9 Current sink characteristics PM2831/32 The following figure gives an example that shows the sink characteristics of the power supply. The power supply is used as a constant current load for an external source, where the sink capability of the power supply is demonstrated. Overvoltage protection is set to the maximum level and overcurrent protection is disabled. V Vsource (External Constant Voltage Source) Vsource −0.6V+0.15V Vsource −0.
5 - 10 5.5.2 Users Manual Local and remote sensing All models have the ability to sense the output voltage locally or remotely. The wires between an output channel and the connected load have a resistance, which causes a voltage drop. If the voltage drop is not acceptable, remote sensing must be applied. 1 2 R lead +S +V V S R load 1 2 R lead ST5836 Figure 5.5.4 Voltage drop due to Wire Resistance Rlead.
Using your Programmable Power Supply 5 - 11 Local sensing mode: Local sensing is used when the voltage across the load does not need to compensate for the voltage drop across the load leads. This may be the case when the following conditions exist: • Short wires between the output channel and the load (R load > Rlead). • Low current through the connected load. +S +V V S R load ST5837 Figure 5.5.
5 - 12 Users Manual When the sense leads are disconnected, the power supply goes into the local sense mode, as the V and S terminals are internally interconnected via resistors. Yet you are strongly recommended to interconnect the V and S terminals with the straps if you use the local sense mode, as open sense inputs are sensitive to noise. Moreover, the output specifications are not guaranteed when the sense terminals are open.
Using your Programmable Power Supply 5.5.3 5 - 13 Constant voltage or constant current source Your power supply has been designed according to the automatic crossover principle.
5 - 14 Users Manual To protect the load against excessive currents, the maximum current Iset can be programmed, and the overcurrent protection can be enabled. To protect the load against excessive voltages, the overvoltage protection level OVPset can be programmed.
Using your Programmable Power Supply 5 - 15 Example for a variable load resistance: power + output + Vset OVPset Iset load - Required: Vset = Voltage programmed = Current programmed Iset Rload = 2Ω to 20Ω (variable) The Vset and Iset parameter have been coupled for the selected output channel. • ISet = 1A Programmed current becomes 1A. • Vset = 8V Programmed voltage becomes 8V. The crossover point resistance Rc = Vset / Iset = 8Ω.
5 - 16 Users Manual • Iset = 0.5A Maximum current through the load becomes 0.5A. • OVPset = 7V Overvoltage protection trip level becomes 7V. Sequentially the voltages 2V, 4V, 6V, and 8V will be programmed: • Vset = 2V Iload = Vset / Rload =2V/10Ω = 0.2A. The output channel stays in the CV mode. • Vset = 4V Iload = Vset / Rload = 4V/10Ω = 0.4A. The output channel stays in the CV mode. • Vset = 6V Iload = Vset / Rload = 6V/10Ω = 0.6A. However, the maximum output current (0.
Using your Programmable Power Supply 5 - 17 Local control (in CV or CC mode): The voltage Vset can be set using the V key and the numeric input keys. Example: Press the V key to start the voltage setting. Press the keys 3, . (dot), 4 and ENTER to enter the setting of 3.4V. The current Iset can be set using the I key and the numeric input keys. Example: Press the I key to start the current setting. Press the keys 0, dot (.), 2, 3 and ENTER to enter the setting of 0.23A.
5 - 18 Users Manual Remote control (in CV or CC mode): The voltage Vset can be programmed by the SOURCE subsystem command: [:SOURce]:VOLTage[:LEVel][:IMMediate][:AMPLitude] The voltage Vset can be requested by the SOURCE subsystem query: [:SOURce]:VOLTage[:LEVel][:IMMediate][:AMPLitude]? The output voltage can be read back by the MEASURE subsystem query: :MEASure[:SCALar]:VOLTage[:DC]? Example: Send → :VOLT 3.4 Set 3.4V. Send → :VOLT? Send request voltage setting. Read voltage setting.
Using your Programmable Power Supply 5 - 19 The overvoltage protection level OVPset can be programmed by the SOURCE subsystem command: [:SOURce]:VOLTage:PROTection[:LEVel] The overvoltage protection level OVPset can be requested by the SOURCE subsystem query: [:SOURce]:VOLTage:PROTection[:LEVel]? Example: Send → :VOLT:PROT 7 Set 7V protection level. Send → :MEAS:PROT? Send readback query. Read overvoltage protection level. Read ← meas_over_voltage Display overvoltage protection level.
5 - 20 Users Manual At delivery the contents of all addresses are set to their minimum value. When an address has been filled, its contents can be recalled, so that the settings become actual. The actual settings can be updated in OPERATE and STANDBY modes, but they are only active in the OPERATE mode. When the power supply is in the STANDBY mode, the actual settings will become active as soon as the OPERATE mode is entered.
Using your Programmable Power Supply 5 - 21 Press V 4 ENTER to set the actual voltage at 4V. Press I 1 ENTER to set the actual current at 1A. Press STORE 3 3 Press V 3 ENTER Press STORE 3 4 Press V 2 ENTER Press STORE 3 5 ENTER to store the 4V and 1A at memory address 33. to set the actual voltage at 3V. ENTER to store the 3V and 1A at memory address 34. to set the actual voltage at 2V. ENTER to store the 2V and 1A at memory address 35.
5 - 22 5.5.5 Users Manual Step functions When a list of memory addresses has been filled with voltage and current settings, it can be used in one of the following ways: 1) AUTO_STEP OFF: This will invoke the manual step function, i.e., the next step is initiated by the operator. For instance by manually stepping through a list of predefined voltages and currents, a test pattern of voltage and current settings will be generated. The manual stepping will be executed for all enabled output channels.
Using your Programmable Power Supply • SOLUTION: Press AUX 5 - 23 to enter the STEP submenu. ENTER Check that the AUTO STEP is OFF, or press the OFF (0) key to set the AUTO STEP function off. Press ENTER to leave the STEP submenu. Press SELECT (only for multiple output models) to select output channel 1. Press ENABLE DISABLE to enable output channel 1. Press SELECT (only for multiple output models) to select output channel 2. Press ENABLE DISABLE to disable output channel 2.
5 - 24 Users Manual Example: • REQUIREMENTS: Step automatically through the predefined list of voltage and current settings stored at the memory addresses 20 to 40. When the end of the list is reached, it must be started again at the beginning. The next voltage and current setting must be output for channel 1 at an interval time of 5 seconds. • SOLUTION: Press AUX Press 1 Press AUX Press 5 Press AUX Press 1 ENTER to enter the STEP submenu. to set the AUTO STEP function on.
Using your Programmable Power Supply 5 - 25 Remote control (automatic stepping): The actual memory address index (1 to 999) can be selected using the [:SOURce]:LIST:INDex[:NSELect] command. The selected memory address can be requested by means of the [:SOURce]:LIST:INDex[:NSELect]? query. A sequence list of memory addresses can be defined using the [:SOURce]:LIST:SEQuence:STARt and [:SOURce]:LIST:SEQuence:STOP commands.
5 - 26 Users Manual Example: • REQUIREMENTS: Step automatically through the predefined list of voltage and current settings, stored at the memory addresses 20 through 40. When the end of the list is reached, it must be started again at the beginning. The next voltage and current setting must be output for channel 1 at an interval time of 5 seconds. • SOLUTION: Send → :LIST:SOUR TIM The next step is automatically initiated by the internal timer. Send → :LIST:TIM 5.0 Set the interval time at 5 seconds.
Using your Programmable Power Supply 5 - 27 There is a standard GPIB interface connector at the rear. The GPIB interface software supports complete trigger capability. If the trigger source = TIMer, the internal timer of the power supply is used to count the interval time between two consecutive steps. If the trigger source = EXTernal or BUS, the active trigger source depends on whether or not the START line of the trigger bus at the rear is active.
5 - 28 Users Manual GPIB control: GPIB control can only be done in the remote mode of operation. An external trigger can be programmed in the following ways: • Send → TRG By sending the common command TRG to the power supply. • Send → GET By sending the GET (Group Execute Trigger) code over the GPIB interface. * * 5.6 ADVANCED USE This section describes how to connect several output channels (with the same ratings) to obtain higher output power through a connected load.
Using your Programmable Power Supply 5 - 29 5.6.1 Parallel connection of output channels Note: For the PM2812 and PM2813 you can face a number of restrictions when connecting output channels in parallel to a load. Please read Appendix D to get more information of parallel connection of output channels fore these instruments.
5 - 30 Users Manual If neither constant voltage nor constant current is required, you may program typical values as well. There are two ways of sensing the load when connecting output channels in parallel: local sensing and remote sensing. Local sensing (outputs in parallel): Connecting the load wires directly to the +V and -V terminals of output channel 2 keeps the number and the total length of the load wires to a minimum. The following diagram shows the wiring scheme.
Using your Programmable Power Supply 5 - 31 Remote sensing (outputs in parallel): The sense wires are connected from the load to the +S and -S terminals of output channel 2. This compensates for the voltage drop in the wires from the load to the +V and -V terminals. The following diagram shows the wiring scheme. +S +V OUTPUT 1 V S TWISTED PAIR +S +V OUTPUT 2 + LOAD V S ST5873 Figure 5.6.
5 - 32 5.6.2 Users Manual Serial connection of output channels Connecting output channels in series provides a greater voltage capability than can be obtained from a single output channel. In principle, you can put more than two output channels in series. However, there is the limitation that the total maximum voltage of each terminal may not exceed 240V with respect to the ground. Output channels in serial configurations can operate in either Constant Voltage (CV) or in Constant Current (CC).
Using your Programmable Power Supply 5 - 33 Local sensing (outputs in series): Connect the load wires to the +V terminal of output channel 1 and the -V terminal of output channel 2, and interconnect the -V terminal of output channel 1 and the +V terminal of output channel 2.
5 - 34 Users Manual Remote sensing (outputs in series): Connecting extra sense wires from the load to the +S terminal of output channel 1 and the -S terminal of output channel 2 compensates for the voltage drop in the wires from the load to the +V and -V terminals. Connecting the +S of output channel 2 to the -S of output channel 1, while removing the local sense jumper between +S and +V of output channel 2, will compensate for the voltage drop across the wires from output channel 2 to output channel 1.
Using your Programmable Power Supply 5.6.3 5 - 35 Parallel connection of loads If more than one load is connected to an output channel, use separate wires to connect each load. This minimizes mutual coupling effects and takes full advantage of the power supply’s low output impedance. Each pair of wires should be as short as possible to reduce wire inductance and noise pickup. The loads must be connected in parallel, not in series, so that loads are not mutually influenced by load fluctuations.
5 - 36 Users Manual Remote sensing (loads in parallel): The following diagram shows the wiring scheme. + +S LOAD +V DT+ V DT S + LOAD ST5867 Figure 5.6.6 Remote Sensing withTwo Loads in Parallel If remote sensing is used, locate the distribution terminals (DT) as near as possible to the load terminals. CAUTION: To prevent noise pickup, twist the sense wires and shield them from the environment. 5.6.
Accessories A-1 APPENDIX A ACCESSORIES A.1 Supplied with the instrument • Reference Manual English : 4822 872 00827 • Operation Manual English Operation Manual German Operation Manual French : : : 4822 872 00824, or 4822 872 00825, or 4822 872 00826 • Power Cord EURO Power Cord SWISS Power Cord UK Power Cord USA : : : : 5322 321 23297, or 5322 321 10679, or 5322 321 10681, or 5322 321 10644 • • Two spare fuses Two mounting brackets (not with PM2811) A.
A-2 Users Manual
SCPI Conformance Information B-1 APPENDIX B SCPI CONFORMANCE INFORMATION This instrument complies to the SCPI standard version 1993.0. The following classes of commands and queries have been implemented: B.1 IEEE 488.2-1987 *CLS *ESE *ESE? *ESR? *IDN? *OPC *OPC? *PSC *PSC? *RCL *RST *SAV *SRE *SRE? *STB? *TRG *TST? *WAI B.2 SCPI Std 1993.
B-2 Users Manual :DISPLAY:WINDOW:TEXT:DATA :DISPLAY:WINDOW:TEXT:DATA? :INITIATE:IMMEDIATE :INITIATE:CONTINUOUS :INITIATE:CONTINUOUS? :INSTRUMENT:SELECT :INSTRUMENT:SELECT? :INSTRUMENT:NSELECT :INSTRUMENT:NSELECT? :INSTRUMENT:DEFINE :INSTRUMENT:DEFINE? :INSTRUMENT:DELETE:NAME :INSTRUMENT:DELETE:ALL :INSTRUMENT:CATALOG? :INSTRUMENT:STATE :INSTRUMENT:STATE? :MEASURE:SCALAR:VOLTAGE:DC? :MEASURE:SCALAR:CURRENT:DC? :OUTPUT:STATE :OUTPUT:STATE? :OUTPUT:PROTECTION:TRIPPED? :OUTPUT:PROTECTION:CLEAR :SOURCE:CURRENT
SCPI Conformance Information :SOURCE:LIST:VOLTAGE :SOURCE:LIST:VOLTAGE:POINTS? :SOURCE:LIST:CURRENT :SOURCE:LIST:CURRENT:POINTS? :SOURCE:LIST:GENERATION :SOURCE:LIST:GENERATION? :SOURCE:LIST:INDEX:NSELECT :SOURCE:LIST:SEQUENCE:START :SOURCE:LIST:SEQUENCE:STOP :STATUS:OPERATION:EVENT? :STATUS:OPERATION:CONDITION? :STATUS:OPERATION:ENABLE :STATUS:OPERATION:ENABLE? :STATUS:OPERATION:PTRANSITION :STATUS:OPERATION:PTRANSITION? :STATUS:OPERATION:NTRANSITION :STATUS:OPERATION:NTRANSITION? :STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRU
B-4 Users Manual :STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:NTRANSITION? :STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:EVENT? :STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:CONDITION? :STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ENABLE :STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ENABLE? :STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:PTRANSITION :STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:PTRANSITION? :STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:NTRANSITION :STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:NTRANSITION? :STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:EVENT? :STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:CONDITION? :STATUS:QUESTIONABLE
SCPI Conformance Information B-5 B.4 SCPI syntax and style REMARK: It is advised that you use the :SYSTEM:VERSION command to control compatibility of the application program with respect to the SCPI implementation of the programmable power supply used. This is helpful for future SCPI compatibility.
B-6 Users Manual
Abbriviations, Symbols & Terms APPENDIX C ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS & TERMS C.
C-2 Users Manual - EMS EN(AB) ERR ESB ESE ESR EURO EVEN EXT = = = = = = = = = Electro Magnetic Susceptibility Enable Error Event Summary Bit Event Status Enable Event Status Register European Event External - FL FLT FUNC = Failure = Fault = Function - GEN GET GPIB = Generation = Group Execute Trigger = General Purpose Interface Bus - IEC IEEE IDN IMM IND INIT INST INT I/O or IO ISUM = = = = = = = = = = - KLOC = Keyboard lock - LCD LCL LEV LIM LRN LSB LSD = = = = = = = Liquid Crystal Dis
Abbriviations, Symbols & Terms - MIN MOD MSB MSD MSS MTBF MTTR = = = = = = = Minimum Mode Most Significant Bit Most Significant Digit Master Summary Status Mean Time Between Failures Mean Time To Repair - NRF NSEL NTR = Numeric forgiving = Numeric select = Negative transition - OC(P) OPC OPR OPER OPT OUTP OV(P) = = = = = = = Overcurrent (Protection) Operation complete Operate Operation Option Output Overvoltage (Protection) - PARD PC PMT PON(C) POW pp PPS PROT PS PSC PTR PWOR = = = = = = = = =
C-4 Users Manual - S SAV SCAL SCPI SEL SEQ SRE SR(Q) SOUR STAT STB STBY STP SYST = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Sense Save Scalar Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments Select Sequence Service Request Enable Service Request Source State Status byte Standby Step System - TC TRG TRIP TST = = = = Temperature Coefficient Trigger Tripped Test - UK UL UNPR UNR USA = = = = = United Kingdom Underwriters Laboratories Unprotect Unregulated United States of America - VAL VDE VERS VOLT = = = = Val
Abbriviations, Symbols & Terms C-5 C.2 Glossary of symbols - % * , : ? ° A C d ft g Hz I K m mA ms mV MHz OC OV P R s t µ U V W Z [ ... ] { ... } | = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = percentage beginning of a common command/query separation sign for commands/queries beginning of a subsystem command/query part end of a query degree (e.g. °C =degree Celsius) Ampere Celsius differentiate, e.g.
C-6 Users Manual C.3 Glossary of terms AUTORANGING A power supply is autoranging if it can supply the maximum rated power over the continuous range of voltage and current. CALIBRATION MODE In this mode the power supply can be adjusted to comply with external calibration standards. DRIFT The maximum change of the regulated output voltage or current during an 8-hour period (long term drift), following a 30-minute warm-up period (short term drift).
Abbriviations, Symbols & Terms C-7 PROGRAMMING RESOLUTION Average programming step size. That is the smallest change that can be obtained either using the front panel keys or a controller. PROGRAMMING RESPONSE TIME The maximum time for the output to settle to a programmed value within a settling band, after having finished executing the settle command. READBACK ACCURACY Maximum error in the readback value of an output voltage or current (at calibration temperature ± 2°C).
C-8 Users Manual
Application for PM2812 and PM2813 D-1 APPENDIX D APPLICATION FOR PM2812 AND PM2813 The following application support information is meant for the user who wants to extend the maximum current of the PM2812 or PM2813 Power Supply by parallel connection of channels.
D-2 Users Manual This set-up will cause no problem as CH 1 supplies a constant current (CC) of 5A and CH 2 supplies the additional current needed in constant voltage mode (CV indicator). A problem will arise when the current needed by the load decreases below 5A, for example when the load resistance increases. This is illustrated by figure D.2. CH1 Vset = 12V Iset = 5A 3.5A 12V 12V 3A 4Ω CC CH2 Vset = 10V Iset = 5A -0.5A 12V CV Figure D.2 Channels connected in parallel to a load.
Application for PM2812 and PM2813 D-3 The same is valid for two parallel connected Power Supplies when one Power Supply is set to the Standby mode. The Standby mode, like the Disable mode, will try to sink all outputs to 0V. Then the down programmer can also become active when one Power Supply is still in Operate mode.
D-4 Users Manual Case 2: Constant Voltage, Output Current from a fixed minimum value to the maximum The following procedure is useful only if you have one channel that can cover the complete range from the minimum to the maximum and if the other channels together can supply the fixed minimum current. Program the current setting of the latter channels to an equal part of the minimum value and use these channels in the Constant Current mode. Use the one channel in the Constant Voltage mode.
Application for PM2812 and PM2813 D-5 The channels 1 and 2 operate in the Constant Current mode, and Channel 3 in the Constant voltage mode. This example will not work if the current through the load decreases below 10A. Then the current contribution of Channel 3 is reduced to 0A, and either Channel 1 or Channel 2 (or both) will enter the Constant Voltage mode (at 10.1V).
D-6 Users Manual
Index I-1 INDEX 19-Inch Rackmount. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 A Acceptance Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-9 Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 ADDA Output Channel Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-9 Automatic Stepping. . . . . . . . . . . . .
I-2 Users Manual E EMI Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14 Enabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 Environmental Aspects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14 External Step Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26 F Family Overview . . . . . . . .
Index I-3 L Load Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6 Load Lead Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-10 Loads in Parallel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35, 5-36 Local Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9, 5-10, 5-30, 5-33, C-6 Local Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I-4 Users Manual Power ON/OFF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 Power Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 Programming Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6 Programming Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7 Programming Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index I-5 Status Byte Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6 Status Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6 Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2, 3-6 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-22 Stopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .