Installation and Operation Manual BT100 1 GHz Broadband Telecommunications Amplifier 6 2 4 7 8 3 1 5
CAUTION RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK CAUTION: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT REMOVE COVER (OR BACK). NO USER-SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE. REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL. Caution These servicing instructions are for use by qualified personnel only. To reduce the risk of electrical shock, do not perform any servicing other than that contained in the Installation and Troubleshooting Instructions unless you are qualified to do so. Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel.
FCC Compliance This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the Installation Manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Contents Section 1 Introduction Using This Manual ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1-3 Related Documentation................................................................................................................................................................... 1-3 Document Conventions............................................................................
ii Contents Thermal Drive Unit ........................................................................................................................................................3-10 Automatic Drive Unit/QAM Automatic Drive Unit ......................................................................................................3-11 ADU/QADU Pads and Levels .......................................................................................................................................
Contents iii Figures Figure 1-1 BT100 - closed............................................................................................................................................................... 1-1 Figure 1-2 BT100 – open................................................................................................................................................................. 1-2 Figure 2-1 BT100 - open .......................................................................................
Section 1 Introduction The Motorola 1GHz STARLINE® series of Broadband Telecommunications Amplifiers, model BT100, accept a single input and provide high operational gain to three or four power-doubled bridger outputs in a three-stage hybrid design. The BT100 amplifier series meets Telcordia GR-1098-core voltage surge requirements using surge waveforms as described in IEEE C62.41. The BT100 is also FCC, CE and CCC approved.
1-2 Introduction Figure 1-2 illustrates an open BT100.
Introduction 1-3 Using This Manual The following sections provide information and instructions to bench test, install, and operate the BT100. Section 1 Introduction provides a brief description of the product, identifies the information contained in this manual, and gives the help line telephone number and repair return information. Section 2 Overview describes the BT100 and includes details on the various options and their functions.
1-4 Introduction If You Need Help If you need assistance while working with the BT100, contact the Motorola Technical Response Center (TRC): Inside the U.S.: 888-944-HELP (1-888-944-4357) Outside the U.S.: 215-323-0044 Motorola Online: http://businessonline.motorola.com The TRC is on call 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. In addition, Motorola Online offers a searchable solutions database, technical documentation, and low-priority issue creation and tracking.
Introduction 1-5 Calling for Repairs If repair is necessary, call the Motorola Repair Facility at 1-800-227-0450 for a Return for Service Authorization (RSA) number before sending the unit. The RSA number must be prominently displayed on all equipment cartons. The Repair Facility is open from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM Central Time, Monday through Friday. When calling from outside the United States, use the appropriate international access code and then call 956-541-0600 to contact the Repair Facility.
Section 2 Overview The BT100 is a three or four output, two-way capable amplifier used in Cable Access Television (CATV) distribution systems. All models are high gain, three-stage hybrid amplifiers designed to drive both a cascade and a local distribution system. The BT100 is powered by the 60/90 VAC cable supply and can be configured to pass this power to additional amplifiers and line extenders. Installation of the return path enables two-way signal flow.
2-2 Overview Figure 2-2 illustrates the various output-port configurations: Figure 2-2 BT100 output-port configurations BT100 Installation and Operation Manual
Overview 2-3 Ordering Guide Several models of the BT100 are available. The BT100 is fully configured in the factory per model requested. You can find the model name on labels on the outside of the shipping carton, the side of the BT100 housing, and the side of the electronics module. Figure 2-3 identifies and describes the model strings.
2-4 Overview Housing The BT100 RF amplifier and DC power-supply circuitry are integrated into a single electronics chassis that is furnished in the BT*-100*/15 housing. The housing protects the electronics from weather and dissipates internally generated heat. Figure 2-4 illustrates the top view of the BT*-100*/15 housing and provides its dimensions. Figure 2-4 BT*-100*/15 dimensions – top view Figure 2-5 illustrates a side view of the BT*-100*/15 housing and provides its dimensions.
Overview 2-5 Coaxial cable connections to the housing are made using conventional 5/8 inch x 24 threads per-inch stinger-type connectors. Seven port plugs in the cover enable access to internal test points without opening the housing. Two messenger clamps are attached to the side of the housing (Figures 2-5, 2-7) and are secured with 5/16 inch x 24 threads-per-inch stainless-steel bolts for strand (aerial) mounting.
2-6 Overview Housing Gaskets Each housing is equipped with a recessed woven-wire RF gasket and a silicone-rubber weather gasket to provide a seal between the housing base and lid (Figure 2-6). These gaskets provide efficient ground continuity, RF shielding, and weather protection. Both gaskets must be in place and in good condition to ensure proper operation and protection of the station. The weather gasket should be lightly coated with silicone grease each time the amplifier is opened.
Overview 2-7 Port Locations Seven port plugs in the cover enable access to internal test points. The input and four output ports provide connection for coaxial cables and are protected by factory-inserted threaded plugs or plastic cap plugs. Discard the plastic cap plugs when you install the cable connectors. Port 2 is used only for connection to an external 60 VAC or 90 VAC power supply. Side-by-side connector fittings are limited to 0.750 inches at ports 1, 2, 3, and 4.
2-8 Overview not practical to switch to 90 V in a 60 VAC system. There is no damage to the amplifier if the selector is not changed from the standard 60 V setting. However, changing the selector ensures that the DC supply does not turn on until the proper input voltage, 38 VAC or 55 VAC, is reached. This prevents excessive loading of the system power supply during turn-on after a system shutdown.
Overview 2-9 The factory provides 20-ampere fuses to power additional amplifiers. Figure 2-9 illustrates the location of these fuses. Power to each output port is also provided through 20-ampere fuses. You can remove the fuses to eliminate power at any of the ports. Figure 2-9 Fuse locations Forward Path The forward path of the amplifier provides an operational gain of 42 dB.
2-10 Overview Accurate −20 dB directional coupler test points are available at the input and at the outputs of the amplifier. Because these test points are 75-ohm source impedance, they do not require special test probes. After the output amplifier, a second directional coupler provides signal to the optional ADU board. As this signal is used only with the ADU, you do not need to terminate this port when the ADU is not installed.
Overview 2-11 Figure 2-11 illustrates the interconnection between these components in the three output BT100*-3*. Figure 2-11 BT100*-3* three output block diagram Return Path The BT100 main amplifier circuit board includes the return path. This equips the BT100 to pass signals in the return or upstream direction. The standard circuit board contains all components including the diplex filters with extended return bandwidth for the amplifier input and output.
2-12 Overview Ingress Control Switch The ingress control switches (ICS) provide return-path signal attenuation or cutoff in the BT100. An ICS is required for each output port. Therefore the standard four output BT100 requires four ICS’s. Switching is accomplished through the frequency agile LIFELINE status-monitoring transponder, which you can purchase directly from AM Networks. Figure 2-12 illustrates the LL-BTA-HMS and the required cable connections to the electronics chassis.
Overview 2-13 Options and Accessories The factory ships the BT100 as a fully functional unit, but you must configure it appropriately for the field location requirements. You must install the correct forward equalizer or broadband cable simulator and input pad to place the unit into service. Section 3, “Amplifier Setup” provides information to assist you in this task. Use model JXP-*B pads to control field signal levels.
2-14 Overview Model Description Function MEQ-100-* Cable equalizer This unit is selected to provide the desired station slope. It is used in conjunction with the BDR board to provide additional tilt in the interstage section of the amplifier. JXP-RPC Return Path Correction Board This optional board provides additional flatness response correction in the return path for systems that must meet especially stringent return-path flatness requirements.
Section 3 Amplifier Setup This section provides instructions on how to properly handle and configure the BT100. It also describes the proper forward and return path alignment procedures. It is recommended that you read this entire section before you install the BT100. Proper Handling Procedures The following information is useful in reducing GaAs RF amplifier failures caused by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) or Electrical Over Stress (EOS). Many electronic components are vulnerable to ESD and EOS.
3-2 Amplifier Setup Forward Path Alignment You must perform the following BT100 alignment procedures for proper performance in the forward path: Select the appropriate cable equalizer or cable simulator Select the appropriate input, midstage, and output pads Verify proper flatness control Verify proper level control Before You Begin Before you begin to set-up the amplifier and perform forward-path alignment, please read the following instructions and recommendations.
Amplifier Setup 3-3 STARLINE Forward Equalizers Select the appropriate model SFE-100-* to compensate for cable attenuation versus frequency and to obtain the proper output tilt. The BT100 is equipped with the BDR-1G interstage equalizer and flatness board, which compensates for cable attenuation. You must compensate for any cable or passive slope beyond that of the BDR-1G by selecting and installing the appropriate SFE-100-* cable equalizer. Equalizers are available in 1 dB steps from 0 dB to 22 dB.
3-4 Amplifier Setup Table 3-1 helps you choose the correct equalizers and also lists insertion loss at various frequencies. Table 3-1 Starline Forward Equalizers — SFE-100-* Frequency (MHz) versus Insertion Loss (dB) Equalizer Value Equalizer Slope 50 200 300 450 550 650 750 870 1003 22 17.1 18.1 13.2 11.0 8.3 6.7 5.3 4.0 2.5 1.0 20 15.5 16.5 12.1 10.1 7.6 6.2 4.9 3.7 2.4 1.0 18 14.0 15.0 11.0 9.2 6.9 5.7 4.5 3.4 2.2 1.0 16 12.4 13.4 9.9 8.2 6.3 5.2 4.
Amplifier Setup 3-5 When selecting an equalizer, choose the next lower value if the exact value is not available or in cases where the calculated value makes two choices possible. To determine the proper cable for bench testing, subtract the interstage equalizer value (14 dB) from the cable connected to its input. The output is flat with a flat signal source.
3-6 Amplifier Setup The information in Table 3-2 is shown as a graph in Figure 3-2: Figure 3-2 Frequency versus cable slope 1 0 -1 SCS-1 -2 SCS-2 Cable slope (dB) -3 -4 SCS-3 -5 SCS-4 -6 SCS-5 -7 SCS-6 -8 -9 SCS-7 -10 SCS-8 -11 SCS-9 -12 870 750 550 450 400 350 300 250 211 150 108 72 50 45 40 1003 SCS-10 -13 Frequency (MHz) Input, Midstage, and Output Pads Install model JXP-*B pads to attenuate the signal per system design drawings.
Amplifier Setup 3-7 Flatness Control All amplifiers are factory-aligned for optimal station flatness, therefore, there is usually no need to adjust the BDR board. However, you can make minor adjustments, if necessary to achieve flatness across the passband. The BDR-1G board includes flatness controls and a fixed cable equalizer for 1003 MHz. This equalizer, plus the contribution of the hybrid gain stages, produces approximately 14 dB of tilt.
3-8 Amplifier Setup Figure 3-4 BDR-1G board – top (left), bottom (right) To obtain maximum flatness: 1 On the main board, adjust the high-end flatness adjustment (C129) to minimum capacitance to place the peak out of the bandwidth. This should not need adjusting as it is properly set during manufacturing. 2 On the BDR-1G board adjust: a. R5 and C6 for the response across the lower end of the mid-band. b. C1 and L6 for the mid-band response. c.
Amplifier Setup 3-9 attenuation changes due to temperature. If necessary, you can control the Bode board manually using the potentiometer labeled manual level (MAN) in Figure 2-13. Amplifier Level Control Signal levels vary in a cable system primarily because cable attenuation changes with temperature. Other components such as passives and amplifier hybrids are also affected by temperature changes.
3-10 Amplifier Setup Low = channel 2 (55.25 MHz) or channel 3 (61.25 MHz) If the tilt is less than required, install a higher value input equalizer If the tilt is greater than required, install a lower value input equalizer If the high value equalizer provides too much tilt and the low value equalizer provides too little tilt, use the lower value equalizer. Under-equalization is preferred to over-equalization.
Amplifier Setup 3-11 3 Position the drive control select jumper to AUTO. 4 Connect a signal-level meter to the FWD OUT test point and tune the meter to the high band-edge carrier. 5 Turn the thermal level potentiometer on the TDU fully clockwise and then reduce to obtain the level obtained in Step 9 under Manual Gain Control.
3-12 Amplifier Setup 2 Verify that the frequency stamped on the ADU/QADU control unit is the same as the system pilot frequency. For the ADU, the pilot frequency is a CW pilot or an available NTSC television channel not scrambled using sync suppression and not a digital channel. For the QADU, the pilot signal is a QAM modulated digital channel. 3 Position the drive control select jumper to AUTO. 4 Connect a signal-level meter to the FWD OUT test point and tune the meter to the high band-edge carrier.
Amplifier Setup Reverse signal generator — must produce at least one signal within the return bandpass and have variable output Return sweep or alignment equipment 3-13 It is recommended that you: Do not remove or install the electronics chassis cover when the BT100 is powered Do not use wire jumpers to bypass the SRE-100-* location Perform the return optical link set up before performing amplifier set up Specify reverse alignment design levels for a single carrier Consider swee
3-14 Amplifier Setup path, you may install the JXP-RPC in the return output pad facility, or the common pad facility located prior to the return hybrid. You can verify proper return alignment by injecting a carrier, at the design level, into any amplifier at random. Proper alignment is achieved if you observe the reference level at the headend optical receiver output. Return levels used for alignment are not necessarily operational system levels.
Section 4 Bench Testing Motorola’s recommended procedure for placing a new BT100 into service is to fully test it on the bench before it is installed. There are specific alignment procedures that ensure proper functioning of all components and simplify final installation. If the BT100 is properly aligned on the bench, only minor adjustments may be required in the field. The following subsections provide instructions to bench align the BT100.
4-2 Bench Testing CAUTION! To protect the network analyzer, you must configure the SSP-PIN power combiner to block AC power from the input port. To preserve signal quality, verify that all unused ports are terminated. CAUTION! Before you begin the following subsection, remove the input pad (JXP IN) before you apply power. This is necessary to avoid damage to the hybrids.
Bench Testing 1 Perform steps 1 through 6 in Measuring Forward Gain above. 2 Estimate the ambient temperature and find the required gain reserve by referring to Table 3-3. Reduce the gain at the highest frequency by the amount given in the table. 4-3 Example: The ambient temperature is 70°F. The table indicates that the required gain reserve is 4 dB. Reduce the gain by 4 dB.
4-4 Bench Testing Example: 11.2 dB (measured gain) + 1.0 dB (equalizer insertion loss) + 1.1 dB (power combiner) + 0.0 dB (pads) + 4.6 dB (cable simulator at 40 MHz) 17.9 dB (unit gain) Completing the Test Procedures The amplifier is now approximately tailored for a specific field location. Additional adjustments after installation are minor in nature. Re-install the fuses removed during testing. Complete station records by recording pertinent information.
Section 5 Installation The field installation procedures presented in the following subsections assume that the amplifier was previously tested and bench aligned. Cable power and RF signal must be available on the system. Although it is preferable to have a full complement of channels available for balancing, you can adjust the BT100 adequately with a limited number of channels. You can install the BT100 housing on a messenger strand (aerial) or on a pedestal.
5-2 Installation 8 Apply power to the unit and allocate a few minutes for warm up. 9 Check the AC voltage setting (Figure 2-8). Jumper position Description 60 V (J2 to J4) The voltage must be greater than 38 VAC as read with a true rms voltmeter or 42 VAC when using a conventional, average reading, AC voltmeter. 90 V (J2 to J3) The voltage must be greater than 55 VAC when read with a true rms voltmeter or 61 VAC when using a conventional, average reading, AC voltmeter. 10 Check the DC voltage.
Installation 5-3 Pedestal Installation Pedestal installation is similar to the aerial installation with the exception of temperature and mounting procedure. In an aerial installation, the cable and amplifier are subject to the same temperature. In contrast, pedestal installation provides a stable temperature environment for the buried cable while subjecting the elevated amplifier to higher temperatures.
Section 6 Operating Tips This section describes using amplifiers in lower frequency systems and in lower gain systems. Using Amplifiers in Lower Frequency Systems When using the BT100 in 870 MHz or 750 MHz systems, you must consider the best method for handling the reduced bandwidth and channel-loading requirement. The following information helps you determine the best approach.
Appendix A Specifications Specifications are valid over the given bandpass and operating temperature range of −40°F to +140°F (−40°C to +60°C). Specifications are stated typical unless otherwise noted, and are subject to change. Refer to the Motorola CHS web site or contact your account representative for the latest specifications.
A-2 Specifications AC Current AC Voltage One-way With RA-Kit 90 VAC 0.75 A 0.80 A 75 VAC 0.91 A 0.96 A 60 VAC 1.15 A 1.22 A 53 VAC 1.31 A 1.39 A 45 VAC 1.57 A 1.66 A 38 VAC 1.90 A 2.00 A RA-Kit/H Return Amplifier Parameter Specification Passband (S–split) 5 through 40 MHz Gain, station (minimum) 17.5 dB Flatness ±0.
Appendix B Torque Specifications Torque specifications are valid for the BT100. In-lbs Torque Ft-lbs N•M 1/2 inch 120-144 10-12 13.6-16.3 5/16-18 1/2 inch 180 15.0 20.4 Test point plugs 5/8-24 1/2 inch 25-40 2.1-3.3 2.8-4.5 Seizure screw #8-32 3/16 inch or Phillips 12 1.0 1.4 Hybrid #6-32 Phillips 10-12 0.8-1.0 1.1-1.4 Chassis (electronics module) #10-32 5/16 inch 18-22 1.5-1.8 2.0-2.4 Chassis (electronics module) cover #6-32 1/4 inch or Phillips 10-12 0.8-1.0 1.
Abbreviations and Acronyms The abbreviations and acronyms list contains the full spelling of the short forms used in this manual.
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