Table of Contents i INTRODUCTION WHAT IS OBD? ........................................................................ 1 YOU CAN DO IT! .............................................................................. 2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS SAFETY FIRST! ....................................................................... 3 ABOUT THE CODE READER VEHICLES COVERED ............................................................. CONTROLS AND INDICATORS .............................................
Introduction WHAT IS OBD? WHAT IS OBD? The Code Reader is designed to work on all OBD2 compliant vehicles. All 1996 and newer vehicles (cars, light trucks and SUVs) sold in the United States are OBD2 compliant. One of the most exciting improvements in the automobile industry was the addition of onboard diagnostics (OBD) on vehicles, or in more basic terms, the computer that activates the vehicle’s “CHECK ENGINE” light.
You Can Do It! EASY TO USE - EASY TO VIEW - EASY TO DEFINE Easy To Use . . . . Connect the Code Reader vehicle’s test connector. Turn the ignition key "On.” DO NOT start the engine. The Code Reader will automatically link to the vehicle’s computer. to the Easy To View . . . . The Code Reader retrieves stored codes and displays I/M Monitor Status. Codes are displayed on the Code Reader’s LCD display screen; System Status is displayed by LED indicators. Easy To Define . . . .
Safety Precautions SAFETY FIRST SAFETY FIRST! This manual describes common test procedures used by experienced service technicians. Many test procedures require precautions to avoid accidents that can result in personal injury, and/or damage to your vehicle or test equipment. Always read your vehicle's service manual and follow its safety precautions before and during any test or service procedure.
About the Code Reader VEHICLES COVERED VEHICLES COVERED The Code Reader is designed to work on all OBD 2 compliant vehicles. All 1996 and newer vehicles (cars and light trucks) sold in the United States are OBD 2 compliant. This includes all Domestic, Asian and European vehicles. Some 1994 and 1995 vehicles are OBD 2 compliant. To find out if a 1994 or 1995 vehicle is OBD 2 compliant, check the following: 1. The Vehicle Emissions Control Information (VECI) Label.
About the Code Reader CONTROLS AND INDICATORS CONTROLS AND INDICATORS 7 5 4 6 1 3 2 8 Figure 1. Controls and Indicators See Figure 1 for the locations of items 1 through 9, below. 1. E ERASE button - Erases Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) and "Freeze Frame" data from your vehicle's computer, and resets Monitor status. 2. SCROLL button - Scrolls the LCD display to view DTCs when more than one DTC is present. 3.
About the Code Reader DISPLAY FUNCTIONS 5. YELLOW LED - Indicates there is a possible problem. A “Pending” DTC is present and/or some of the vehicle's emission monitors have not run their diagnostic testing. 6. RED LED - Indicates there is a problem in one or more of the vehicle's systems. The red LED is also used to show that DTC(s) are present. DTCs are shown on the Code Reader’s LCD display.
About the Code Reader DISPLAY FUNCTIONS 5. MIL icon - Indicates the status of the Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL). The MIL icon is visible only when a DTC has commanded the MIL on the vehicle's dashboard to light. 6. Pending icon - Indicates the currently displayed DTC is a "Pending" code. 7. PERMANENT icon - Indicates the currently displayed DTC is a “Permanent” code. 8. FREEZE FRAME icon - Indicates that “Freeze Frame” data has been stored in the vehicle’s computer for the currently displayed DTC. 9.
Onboard Diagnostics COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS The Introduction of Electronic Engine Controls Electronic Computer Control Systems make it possible for vehicle manufacturers to comply with the tougher emissions and fuel efficiency standards mandated by State and Federal Governments.
Onboard Diagnostics COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS The Basic Engine Computer Control System The Computer Control System consists of an on-board computer and several related control devices (sensors, switches, and actuators). The on-board computer is the heart of the Computer Control System. The computer contains several programs with preset reference values for air/fuel ratio, spark or ignition timing, injector pulse width, engine speed, etc.
Onboard Diagnostics COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS Vehicle operating conditions are constantly changing. The computer continuously makes adjustments or corrections (especially to the air/fuel mixture and spark timing) to keep all the engine systems operating within the preset reference values. On-Board Diagnostics - First Generation (OBD1) With the exception of some 1994 and 1995 vehicles, most vehicles from 1982 to 1995 are equipped with some type of first generation On-Board Diagnostics.
Onboard Diagnostics COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS Because OBD1 systems only detect failed components, the degraded components were not setting codes. Some emissions problems related to degraded components only occur when the vehicle is being driven under a load. The emission checks being conducted at the time were not performed under simulated driving conditions. As a result, a significant number of vehicles with degraded components were passing Emissions Tests.
Onboard Diagnostics COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS Powertrain Control Module (PCM) - The PCM is the OBD2 accepted term for the vehicle’s “on-board computer.” In addition to controlling the engine management and emissions systems, the PCM also participates in controlling the powertrain (transmission) operation. Most PCMs also have the ability to communicate with other computers on the vehicle (ABS, ride control, body, etc.). Monitor - Monitors are “diagnostic routines” programmed into the PCM.
Onboard Diagnostics DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs) OBD2 Drive Cycle - An OBD2 Drive Cycle is an extended set of driving procedures that takes into consideration the various types of driving conditions encountered in real life. These conditions may include starting the vehicle when it is cold, driving the vehicle at a steady speed (cruising), accelerating, etc.
Onboard Diagnostics DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs) Generic DTCs are codes that are used by all vehicle manufacturers. The standards for generic DTCs, as well as their definitions, are set by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). Manufacturer-Specific DTCs are codes that are controlled by the vehicle manufacturers. The Federal Government does not require vehicle manufacturers to go beyond the standardized generic DTCs in order to comply with the new OBD2 emissions standards.
Onboard Diagnostics DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs) DTCs and MIL Status When the vehicle’s on-board computer detects a failure in an emissions-related component or system, the computer’s internal diagnostic program assigns a diagnostic trouble code (DTC) that points to the system (and subsystem) where the fault was found. The diagnostic program saves the code in the computer’s memory.
Onboard Diagnostics OBD2 MONITORS If the conditions that caused the MIL to light are no longer present for the next three trips in a row, the computer automatically turns the MIL “Off” if no other emissions-related faults are present. However, the DTCs remain in the computer’s memory as a history code for 40 warm-up cycles (80 warm-up cycles for fuel and misfire faults). The DTCs are automatically erased if the fault that caused them to be set is not detected again during that period.
Onboard Diagnostics OBD2 MONITORS Non-Continuous Monitors The other twelve Monitors are “non-continuous” Monitors. “Noncontinuous” Monitors perform and complete their testing once per trip. The “non-continuous” Monitors are: Oxygen Sensor Monitor Oxygen Sensor Heater Monitor Catalyst Monitor Heated Catalyst Monitor EGR System Monitor EVAP System Monitor Secondary Air System Monitor The following Monitors will be standard beginning in 2010.
Onboard Diagnostics OBD2 MONITORS Fuel System Monitor - This Monitor uses a Fuel System Correction program, called Fuel Trim, inside the on-board computer. Fuel Trim is a set of positive and negative values that represent adding or subtracting fuel from the engine. This program is used to correct for a lean (too much air/not enough fuel) or rich (too much fuel/not enough air) air-fuel mixture. The program is designed to add or subtract fuel, as needed, up to a certain percent.
Onboard Diagnostics OBD2 MONITORS of) the converter. If the catalytic converter loses its ability to store oxygen, the downstream sensor signal voltage becomes almost the same as the upstream sensor signal. In this case, the monitor fails the test. The Catalyst Monitor is supported by “spark ignition” vehicles only. The Catalyst Monitor is a “Two-Trip” Monitor. If a fault is found on the first trip, the computer temporarily saves the fault in its memory as a Pending Code.
Onboard Diagnostics OBD2 MONITORS solenoid (depending on solenoid design). The purge solenoid opens a valve to allow engine vacuum to draw the fuel vapors from the canister into the engine where the vapors are burned. The EVAP Monitor checks for proper fuel vapor flow to the engine, and pressurizes the system to test for leaks. The computer runs this Monitor once per trip. The EVAP Monitor is supported by “spark ignition” vehicles only. The EVAP Monitor is a “Two-Trip” Monitor.
Onboard Diagnostics OBD2 MONITORS functions when the computer is in closed-loop. A properly operating oxygen sensor reacts quickly to any change in oxygen content in the exhaust stream. A faulty oxygen sensor reacts slowly, or its voltage signal is weak or missing. The Oxygen Sensor Monitor is supported by “spark ignition” vehicles only. The Oxygen Sensor Monitor is a “Two-Trip” monitor. If a fault is found on the first trip, the computer temporarily saves the fault in its memory as a Pending Code.
Onboard Diagnostics OBD2 MONITORS NOx Aftertreatment Monitor - NOx aftertreatment is based on a catalytic converter support that has been coated with a special washcoat containing zeolites. NOx Aftertreatment is designed to reduce oxides of nitrogen emitted in the exhaust stream. The zeolite acts as a molecular "sponge" to trap the NO and NO2 molecules in the exhaust stream. In some implementations, injection of a reactant before the aftertreatment purges it.
Onboard Diagnostics OBD2 MONITORS PM Filter Monitor - The particulate matter (PM) filter removes particulate matter from the exhaust stream by filtration. The filter has a honeycomb structure similar to a catalyst substrate, but with the channels blocked at alternate ends. This forces the exhaust gas to flow through the walls between the channels, filtering the particulate matter out.
Onboard Diagnostics OBD2 MONITORS Name of Monitor A B C D E F Comprehensive Component Monitor Continuous 1 2 1 3 40 Misfire Monitor (Type 1 and 3) Continuous 1 2 1 3 - similar conditions 80 Misfire Monitor (Type 2) Continuous 1 3 - similar conditions 80 80 Fuel System Monitor Continuous 1 1 or 2 1 3 - similar conditions Catalytic Converter Monitor Once per trip 1 2 1 3 trips 40 Oxygen Sensor Monitor Once per trip 1 2 1 3 trips 40 Oxygen Sensor Heater Monitor On
Preparation for Testing BEFORE YOU BEGIN - VEHICLE SERVICE MANUALS BEFORE YOU BEGIN Fix any known mechanical problems before performing any test. See your vehicle's service manual or a mechanic for more information. Check the following areas before starting any test: Check the engine oil, power steering fluid, transmission fluid (if applicable), engine coolant and other fluids for proper levels. Top off low fluid levels if needed. Make sure the air filter is clean and in good condition.
Using the Code Reader CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE Never replace a part based only on the DTC definition. Each DTC has a set of testing procedures, instructions and flow charts that must be followed to confirm the location of the problem. This information is found in the vehicle's service manual. Always refer to the vehicle's service manual for detailed testing instructions. Check your vehicle thoroughly before performing any test. See Preparation for Testing on page 25 for details.
Using the Code Reader CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE If an Error message is shown on the Code Reader’s LCD display, it indicates there is a communication problem. This means that the Code Reader is unable to communicate with the vehicle's computer. Do the following: - Turn the ignition key off, wait 5 seconds and turn the key back on to reset the computer. Press the LINK button to re-link to the vehicle. - Make sure your vehicle is OBD 2 compliant.
Using the Code Reader ERASING DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs) Monitor icons on the LCD display. A blinking Monitor icon means the Monitor has not yet run and finished its diagnostic self-testing. All Monitor icons that are solid have completed their diagnostic self-testing. Red LED - Indicates there is a problem with one or more of the vehicle's systems. The red LED is also used to show that DTC(s) are present (displayed on the Code Reader’s LCD display).
Using the Code Reader ERASING DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs) When DTCs are erased from the vehicle's computer memory, the I/M Readiness Monitor Status program resets status of all the Monitors to a not run "flashing" condition. To set all of the Monitors to a DONE status, an OBD 2 Drive Cycle must be performed. Refer to your vehicle's service manual for information on how to perform an OBD 2 Drive Cycle for the vehicle under test. 1. If not connected already, connect the Code Reader to the vehicle's DLC.
Using the Code Reader ABOUT REPAIRSOLUTIONS® ABOUT REPAIRSOLUTIONS® RepairSolutions® is a web-based service created to assist both the doit-yourselfer and professional technicians in quickly and accurately diagnosing and repairing today’s vehicles. RepairSolutions® allows you to view, save, and email the diagnostic data retrieved from a vehicle’s on-board computer(s) using the Code Reader.
Using the Code Reader ABOUT REPAIRSOLUTIONS® Your default web browser launches automatically and connects to the www.innova.com website. 4. Login to your RepairSolutions® account using your registered Email Address and Password. If you have not yet established an account, you must register for a FREE RepairSolutions® account before proceeding.
Vehicle Applications - ABS VEHICLE APPLICATIONS – MAKES COVERED The Code Reader has the ability to retrieve and erase ABS codes. Vehicle makes supported by the Code Reader are shown below. Please visit www.innova.com for a complete list of vehicles covered.
Warranty and Servicing CRAFTSMAN TWO YEAR FULL WARRANTY FOR TWO YEARS from the date of purchase, this product is warranted against any defects in material or workmanship. Defective product will receive free repair or free replacement if repair is unavailable. For warranty coverage details, visit the web site: www.craftsman.com This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state.