SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay User Manual
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Contents 1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 4 2 Key Features ....................................................................................................... 5 3 Quick SuperTAPP n+ Guide ................................................................................ 7 4 Relay Operation ........................................................................................
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 10.2.4 Tap Changer Outputs .......................................................................................... 55 10.2.5 Status Outputs ..................................................................................................... 56 10.2.6 Voltage Measurement Inputs ............................................................................... 57 10.2.7 Status Inputs ....................................................................................
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 1 Introduction The SuperTAPP n+ voltage control relay is used to regulate voltage on power transformers equipped with an on load tap changer (OLTC). Voltage regulation on electrical networks must take account of the increasing amount of embedded generation which is being connected. The SuperTAPP n+ relay is designed to offer functionality to address this along with ‘standard’ requirements.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 2 Key Features The main functions offered by SuperTAPP n+ are as follows: • Comprehensive voltage regulation for power transformers with on-load tap-changers • Functions for embedded generation and reverse power • Easily configurable for full range of application complexity • Future proof • Multiple CT and VT inputs with flexible rating range • • Customisable analogue inputs • Voltage averaging and load summation for double winding transformers • Feeder
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay The SuperTAPP n+ voltage control relay is available as a ‘basic’ model or as an ‘advanced’ model. Table 1 shows the differences between the two models.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 3 Quick SuperTAPP n+ Guide This section provides a brief description of the relay indications and available information to help users quickly identify the operational state of the relay. More detailed descriptions are presented in later sections. A HIGH G F E VOLTAGES Basic targt 11.00 kV Calc target 11.00 kV Measured 0.00 kV B TAP LOW SuperTAPP n+ PRESS VOLTAGE CONTROL RELAY TURN C INSTRUMENTS D SETTINGS FAULTS Model Ser.No. Fundamentals Ltd www.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay A G F B C D V 11.00 kV LOC AUTO* Load 590A +0.96 Lg Group 1180A +0.96 Lg Lo>-------ஊ------
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 4 Relay Operation 4.1 Introduction The SuperTAPP n+ relay has 2 VT inputs and 3 CT inputs available for use. The basic model has one VT and one CT activated. The advanced model has all inputs activated for use. The description of operation presented in the following sections is valid for basic and advanced models. 4.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay VCA IC Imeas 20° 150° IB VAB IA VBC VT = B-C CT = C Imeas = -170° RELAY CORRECTION = +150° REAL SYSTEM PHASE = -20° POWER FACTOR = +0.94 LAGGING PHASE ROTATION Figure 4 – Relay adjustment for power factor calculation Correct selection of the voltage/current phase relationship is critical for operation of the relay.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay These modes of operation can exist in Local and Remote control to give the following combinations of control mode: • Local Auto – tap changer controlled by the relay • Local Non-Auto – tap changer manually controlled by an operator at the substation (at the tap changer or at the control panel/relay) • Remote Auto – tap changer controlled by the relay but influenced by SCADA communications (DNP3, IEC 61850 etc.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Vtgt = Vbasic + Vadj + Vcirc + V LDC + V gen (1) where Vtgt Vbasic Vadj Vcirc VLDC Vgen = = = = = = relay target voltage used for control relay basic target voltage setting voltage target adjustments applied via status inputs circulating current bias voltage load drop compensation bias voltage embedded generator bias voltage* * available only with an advanced model These quantities are all expressed in % values where 100% voltage is the nominal voltage of the networ
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay to normal, the time delay count will increase at the same rate back to the initial time delay setting (but not displayed on the screen).Where further corrections are required following an initial time delay and tap changer operation, an inter-tap time delay is used. If during the inter-tap timing cycle the voltage returns to normal, the inter-tap time count will be reset and the initial time delay count will increment from zero towards the initial time setting.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay * this must be configured in the relay settings where the user can specify under which voltage conditions a fast tap takes place ** subject to internal checks relating to measurement and communications data 4.5.2 Non-Auto Mode In this mode the relay maintains measurements and indications according to the operational state (see section 5) but does not issue tap changer operations or operational alarms.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Igroup = ITL-1 + ITL-2 + ….ITL-n where transformers 1 to n are in the same group* The group load is important for operational calculations (see the Applications section 8.) and is displayed with the individual transformer measured current on the default screen of the relay. Each unit on the CAN bus should have a unique transformer ID, otherwise there will be communication errors which could result in load summation inaccuracy. *there are some situations (e.g.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 5 Operational States Figure 9 shows the various operational states that will be generated with the associated voltage and loading conditions. Each state is described in a corresponding section with example screen shots to show relay indications.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay VOLTAGE_NORMAL • Voltage is within the deadband. • Load current is below the relay overcurrent setting. • Raise/lower operations permitted. RELAY IN LOCAL CONTROL MODE RELAY IN AUTO CONTROL MODE HIGH V 11.00 kV LOC AUTO Load 590A +0.96 Lg Group 1180A +0.96 Lg Lo>-------ஊ------
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay RELAY IN NON-AUTO CONTROL MODE HIGH VOLTAGE HIGH (LED SOLID) V 11.10 kV LOC N/A Load 590A +0.96 Lg Group 1180A +0.96 Lg Voltage out of band TAP LOW Figure 12 – VOLTAGE_HIGH (non-automatic mode) VOLTAGE_LOW • Voltage is up to 2% lower than the lower band level. • Load current is below the relay overcurrent setting. • In automatic mode the relay will count down to a corrective tap changer operation.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay VOLTAGE VERY HIGH (LED FLASHING) HIGH V 11.50 kV LOC AUTO Load 590A +0.96 Lg Group 1180A +0.96 Lg Time to tap 15s TAP LOW Figure 14 – VOLTAGE_VERY_HIGH VOLTAGE_VERY_LOW • Voltage level is between the lower band - 2% and 80% of target. • Load current is below the relay overcurrent setting. • Fast tap operations can be configured for this state where the initial timer is bypassed for a time delay of 4 seconds.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay ZERO_VOLTAGE • Voltage level is below 25% of the relay target level. • Load current is below the relay overcurrent setting. • No tap changer operations permitted. HIGH V 0.00 kV LOC AUTO Load 0A +0.96 Lg Group 1180A +0.96 Lg Zero Voltage NO LED INDICATIONS TAP LOW LOW Figure 17 – ZERO_VOLTAGE OVERCURRENT • Voltage is within the deadband. • Load current is above the relay overcurrent setting. • No tap changer operations permitted. HIGH V 11.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay VOLTAGE_LOW_OVERCURRENT • Voltage is up to 2% lower than the lower band level. • Load current is above the relay overcurrent setting. • No tap changer operations permitted. HIGH V 10.90 kV LOC AUTO Load 1900A +0.96 Lg Group 2490A +0.96 Lg Overcurrent OVERCURRENT (LED FLASHING) TAP LOW LOW Figure 20 – VOLTAGE_LOW_OVERCURRENT VOLTAGE_VERY_HIGH_OVERCURRENT • Voltage exceeds the upper band + 2%. • Load current is above the relay overcurrent setting.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay UNDERVOLTAGE_OVERCURRENT • Voltage level is between 80% and 25% of the relay target level. • Load current is above the relay overcurrent setting. • No tap changer operations permitted. HIGH V 7.70 kV LOC AUTO Load 590A +0.96 Lg Group 1180A +0.96 Lg Under Voltage OVERCURRENT (LED FLASHING) TAP LOW Figure 23 – UNDERVOLTAGE_OVERCURRENT ZERO_VOLTAGE_OVERCURRENT • Voltage level is below 25% of the relay target level.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 6 Failure States The relay is self-monitoring and can detect various failure states which may render it non-functional and requiring attention. Corresponding alarm outputs are available and are considered in a later section. 6.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay • DAM error - DAM unit alarming • Comms data missing - Units which were previously transmitting data on the CAN bus are missing v2.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 7 Alarms There are two alarm output relays available: • Relay Healthy • AVC Alarm Output relay statuses are logged and displayed in the ‘Faults’ screens (see section 11.3.3). 7.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 8 Application 8.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay FIXED ADJUSTMENT MODE +3% Vtgt -3% Vadj3 OFF Vadj3 ON -6% Vadj1 OFF Vadj1 ON Vadj2 OFF Vadj2 ON STEP ADJUSTMENT MODE INCREMENT PULSE RESET PULSE +1% +1% Vtgt -1% +3% -1% -1% DECREMENT PULSE INCREMENT PULSE +2% RESET PULSE DECREMENT PULSE DECREMENT PULSE Figure 26 – Voltage adjustments The operating mode of applied voltage adjustments is configured in the relay settings as ‘fixed’ or ‘step’ along with the corresponding values assigned to each of the three st
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay T1 and T2, on different tap positions with corresponding vector diagrams. For clarity, load current is ignored (transformers energised but not on load). T1, being on a higher tap position, will attempt to produce a higher output voltage than T2 and therefore exports circulating current into T2. The bus-bar voltage, Vbus, will be the average output voltage of the transformers.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay The calculated values for circulating current and the corresponding voltage bias, Vcirc, can be viewed in the instrument screens (see 8.5 LDC - VLDC Load drop compensation (LDC) is used to offset voltage drops across a network caused by load current, as shown in Figure 28.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay V LDC LOAD GROUP LOAD TARGET POWER FACTOR Figure 29 – Application of LDC The applied LDC bias is capped at the setting level; it cannot be more than the setting level even if the group load increases to above the firm capacity setting level. For situations where the group load is negative, e.g.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 9 Application - Advanced Model Only 9.1 Introduction The previous application section described features which are available on a basic model (which are also available on an advanced model). This section describes features which are only available on an advanced relay. 9.2 Multiple Analogue Inputs The advanced model of relay has extra VT and CT inputs available to provide enhanced voltage control for all application complexities.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Special attention therefore needs to be given to relays which are configured for feeder current measurements so that the data can be available even when the transformers to which they are connected are switched out (e.g. for maintenance), namely: 1. Power supply The relay must be powered to continue transmitting measurement data.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay In this case both relays would show the following values in the instruments screens (see section 11.3.1): Summed transformers Summed feeder measurements* Non-measured load = = = 600 A 200 A 400 A *this data will be presented according to how the CT inputs are configured (see below). Each CT input used for feeder current measurement must be configured in the settings for a specific use.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 2. Indirect generator connection – CT input configured as ‘generator feeder’. Direct Generator Connection An example of this application is shown in Figure 32 where two transformers supply a network via 6 feeders and a generator connected directly to the busbar. There is one voltage control relay per transformer, each of which uses one VT input for voltage measurement and one CT input for transformer current measurement.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Generator Output Group Load = = 0A 300 A * the group ID of the relays must change to reflect the new configuration (see section 10.2.7 for ‘alternative settings’).
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Load Ratio = ‘true’ load on generation feeders / load on ‘non-measured’ feeders The load ratio of the example network shown in Figure 33 is 20%. (100 A / 500 A).
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay extent of seasonal variations can be observed. If direct measurement is used to determine the load ratio it must be ensured that the generation is not running so that the measurement represents the ‘true’ load. Once the load ratio has been calculated it is configured into the relay settings. It is clear that the actual load ratio will vary over time due to seasonal variations and network events (outages, faults etc.).
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Examples of such loads are capacitor banks, heavy industrial loads and embedded generators. Figure 35 shows the power factor effect of a capacitor bank.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay IF Icap n+ V ITL I1 TARGET pf ITL IF Icap CAPACITOR BANK V I1 I2 LOAD LOAD -IF I2 TARGET pf GROUP LOAD = I2 Figure 36 – Load exclusion Corrected Load This type is similar to the excluded load type considered above, except that instead of ‘dumping’ the measured current, the measurement is ‘adjusted’ to the relay target power factor as shown in Figure 37.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay If the relay is configured for generator estimation, the load ratio calculation must exclude feeders configured as corrected loads. Special Applications There are a number of functions available for applications which are somewhat unusual and seldom experienced, but further extend the flexibility offered. These functions relate to the use of the extra current measurements in the following configurations: 1. Extra Transformer 2. Included Load 3.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay CAN BUS n+ n+ X Iinc IF GENERATOR FEEDER INCLUDED LOAD G Figure 39 – Load inclusion The actual load on the generator feeder is now as follows: IF-LOAD = Iinc x Load Ratio This approach gives added flexibility to the application of generator estimation. Monitor This type is used for monitoring purposes only. The CT input measurements are displayed but are not used for any operational purposes.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay CAN BUS n+1 n+2 VT-1 VT-2 X Figure 40 – Extra VT input from paralleled transformer Table 3 – VT input configurations Relay 1 Relay 2 VT Connected VT Use VT Connected VT Use VT Input 1 VT-1 Voltage Control VT-2 Voltage Control VT Input 2 VT-2 Voltage Reference VT-1 Voltage Reference Table 4 – VT used for voltage reference Active Transformers Relay 1 Voltage Reference Relay 2 Voltage Reference T1 & T2 VVT-1 VVT-2 T1 VVT-1 VVT-1 T2 VVT-2 VVT
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay n+ X Figure 41 – Double secondary winding transformer In order to implement voltage averaging, each VT input must be configured as ‘voltage control’ and each CT input as ‘transformer’ in the settings. The calculated average voltage is used as VVT to compare with the relay target voltage as shown earlier in Figure 5. The summed transformer load is used to calculate the group load and in turn for LDC and circulating current functions as discussed in sections 8.4 and 8.5.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Other settings for reverse LDC are ‘max reverse load’ and ‘reverse LDC level’. The ‘max reverse load’ defines the group load level at which the ‘reverse LDC level’ is applied. These settings allow the reverse LDC response to differ to the ‘forward’ LDC response, as shown in Figure 43. VLDC LDC SETTING MAX REVERSE LOAD 0 0 FIRM CAPACITY GROUP LOAD REVERSE LDC LEVEL Figure 43 – Reverse LDC response v2.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 10 Specification 10.1 Hardware The relay is housed in a 1 mm mild steel anodised case finished in an over baked powder coating. A transparent cover is fixed to the front of the relay for normal operation. With the cover in place, the user can observe fascia indications and read the LCD, but can also push the control knob to view some instruments.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 145 mm 135 mm 157 mm 177 mm 4 LINE LCD CONTROL KNOB 5 mm PANEL FIXING HOLES 93 mm 1 mm CASING RELAY Figure 44 – Relay dimensions – front view v2.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 145 mm 135 mm INTERNAL CASE FIXING 157 mm 177 mm EARTHING STUD 1 mm CASING RELAY RELAY CONNECTORS Figure 45 – Relay dimensions – rear view v2.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 215 mm 191 mm FRONT 177 mm 157 mm REAR 1 mm CASING Figure 46 – Relay dimensions – side view v2.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 215 mm 191 mm FRONT 145 mm REAR 135 mm 1 mm CASING Figure 47 – Relay dimensions – bird’s eye view 10.2 Relay Connections All connections to the relay are made at the rear through Phoenix type connectors. The connections are grouped by function and numbered alphabetically (shown in Figure 48). Each group of connections is considered in turn in the following sections with tables describing the functions and diagrams showing implementation. v2.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay F1 C1 A1 F2 C2 A2 F3 C3 A3 F4 C4 A4 F5 A5 F6 A6 CONNECTOR TERMINAL BLOCK F7 F8 D1 D2 D3 EARTHING STUD D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 B1 B2 G1 E1 B3 G2 E2 B4 G3 E3 B5 G4 E4 B6 ONLY USED ON ADVANCED MODEL Figure 48 – Relay connections 10.2.1 Power Supply The relay is designed with flexibility in mind. The switched-mode power supply employed has a wide voltage operating range of 80V AC to 260V AC and 90V to 140V DC. The maximum power consumption is 5W.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 80-260V AC / 90-140 V DC POWER SUPPLY A3 A4 A1 A5 PSU A6 A2 ALTERNATIVE CONNECTIONS A1, A4 AND A6 MAY BE USED IF REQUIRED BUT REMOVING THE PLUG BREAKS THE INTERNAL LINKING Figure 49 – Power supply connections 10.2.2 Current Measurement Inputs Three current inputs are available for use with any phase mounted CT. Two types of current measurement are possible; transformer current (via the transformer LDC CT) and feeder current (via breaker CT).
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay HV LOAD P1 S1 B1 S2 INTERPOSING CT 1000/1 0.1 VA CT1-S1 P2 LDC CT ANY PHASE ANY DIRECTION CT INPUTS B2 P2 B3 CT2-S1 B4 INTERPOSING CT 1000/1 0.1 VA P1 S2 S1 CT2-S2 P2 ADDITIONAL CT MEASUREMENTS FOR OTHER USES AS REQUIRED INTERPOSING CT 1000/1 0.1 VA P1 S2 S1 CT1-S2 B5 CT3-S1 B6 CT3-S2 Figure 50 – CT connections Normally, feeder current measurements are only possible using protection CT’s.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay CT isolation unit Type FP1030 S1 Ser. No. S1 Fundamentals Ltd www.fundamentalsltd.co.uk P1 UNIVERSAL MOUNTING FOOT MAY BE REVERSED IF REQUIRED G-RAIL MOUNTING POSITION Figure 51 – Interposer CT The primary conductor (S1 from primary CT) is passed through a central hole in the casing as shown in figures 51 and 52. The enclosure is mounted on the reversible universal foot that will allow fixing onto either a G-rail or DIN-rail mounting arrangement.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay S2 S1 P2 P1 n PASSES THROUGH CT ISOLATION FROM CT CIRCUIT 35 MM DIN RAIL S2 S1 CT ISOLATOR TWISTED PAIR TO REMOTE TAP CHANGE PANEL Figure 52 – Interposer CT connections Table 7 – Interposer CT specification Parameter Specified value Ratio 10A : 0.01 A Maximum primary current 10 A Burden 0.03 VA Isolation > 3 kV Material UV 94-V-0 polyamide 66/6 The maximum current that the device can measure with accuracy is 10 amps.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay In situations where the loading on the CT is low compared to the rating, accuracy can be compromised. The number of turns on the interposer can be increased to improve the accuracy, but care is required and in any case it is not recommended to increase the number of turns above 5 Ampturns at the normal maximum loading level. The maximum non-fault overload level should be less than 10 Amp-turns.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 10.2.5 Status Outputs The relay has a number of outputs used to indicate the status of the voltage control system. These are normally wired into the telecontrol/SCADA scheme for display at the control room. The output contacts are rated 12 A continuous.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay SUPPLY RELAY STATUS D1 HEALTHY D2 D3 ALARM SUPPLY CONTROL MODE D7 AUTO D8 D6 NON-AUTO SUPPLY AVC ALARM D4 ALARM D5 Figure 54 – Status output connections 10.2.6 Voltage Measurement Inputs Two nominal 110V AC inputs for voltage measurements are provided rated for up to 150 V AC. The burden imposed on the VT by the relay is less than 1VA. In most schemes only a single voltage input will be used (basic relay model).
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay E1 VT1 (phase 1) E2 VT1 (phase 2) E3 VT2 (phase 1) E4 VT2 (phase 2) VT INPUTS E1 ANY 2 PHASES FROM MEASURING VT VT1(P1) E2 VT1(P2) E3 OTHER VT FOR MEASUREMENTS AS REQUIRED VT2(P1) E4 VT2(P2) Figure 55 – VT input connections The settings for each VT input (such as VT ratio and VT phase) need to be configured appropriately in order that the relay can convert measurements into the correct primary values (see settings in section 11.3.2). 10.2.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay The function of status inputs F4 and F5 is dependent on the ‘Auto Select Mode’ setting as shown in Table 12. Where the setting is set to ‘level detect’ (permanent signal), F4 functions as Remote (signal on) / Local (signal off) and F5 as Auto (signal on) / Non-Auto (signal off). Where the setting is set to ’edge detect’ (fleeting signal), F4 functions as Non-Auto, F5 as Auto (no facility for Remote/Local).
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 110 V AC TAP CHANGE CONTROL CIRCUIT 1ST VOLTAGE OFFSET RELAY DIGITAL INPUTS F1 F7 V OFFSET 1 2ND VOLTAGE OFFSET RELAY F8 F2 V OFFSET 2 3RD VOLTAGE OFFSET RELAY F3 V OFFSET 3 SELECT NON-AUTO CTRL RELAY F4 NON-AUTO SELECT AUTO CTRL RELAY F5 AUTO SELECT ALTERNATIVE SETTINGS RELAY F6 PARAM SELECT Figure 56 – Status input connections 10.2.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Table 14 – CAN terminals Terminal number Description G1 CAN Ground* G2 CAN Low G3 CAN High G4 CAN Termination * connection to ground must only be on one of the paralleled units – see Figure 57.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay The CAN communications system can accommodate a maximum of six voltage control relays, but can also accommodate an additional six Data Acquisition Modules (DAM’s) where extra feeder current measurements are required for advanced applications (see section 9). The DAM is based on SuperTAPP n+ hardware, with the same form factor but different inputs and outputs. Please refer to the DAM technical literature for more information.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay LDC 0% - 10% ±0.2% Initial time delay Through range ±1 sec Inter-tap delay Through range ±1 sec Over-current blocking 50% - 200% ±5% 10.4 Type Tests The SuperTAPP n+ has been tested in accordance with the Energy Networks Association (ENA) Technical Specification EATS 48-5 Issue 2 2000, ‘Environmental Test Requirements for Protection Relays and Systems’.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 11 HMI 11.1 Relay Fascia The SuperTAPP n+ has been designed with the user in mind, with a simple front display and meaningful fascia indications. A single control knob allows navigation through the menu system and application of settings. Comprehensive instruments are included to provide measurement, status and diagnostic information, allowing the user to fully observe and understand relay operation. The relay fascia is shown in Figure 59.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay The relay has LED indications on the fascia and a four-line LCD with backlighting. The backlighting is activated by a push of the control knob and deactivated after 5 minutes of inactivity. 11.2 Display Messages Table 17 – Display messages Relay Message Description Hardware error There is a problem with the relay hardware. Please contact Fundamentals for support. Measurement error There is a problem with a voltage or current measurement.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay The display menu system is accessed from the default screen and has three top-level items, each with a corresponding LED on the relay fascia: • Instruments • Settings • Faults With the relay lid in place, the user is limited to push button control (no turn) and can only view the summary instruments screens. With the lid off, the user can turn and push the button and is free to navigate throughout the menu system.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay INSTRUMENTS VOLTAGES CURRENTS STATUS INPUTS OUTPUT RELAYS PRIMARY VOLTAGES PRIMARY CURRENTS CT TYPES * SECONDARY VOLTAGES SECONDARY CURRENTS VOLTAGES VOLTAGE BIASES CIRCULATING CURRENTS CALCULATED LOADS GROUP LOAD SUMMED SUMMED NUMBER MEAS.* MEAS.* SPECIAL CT'S * RESTARTS PRODUCT VERSION CALIBRATION DATA ANG. CALIBRATION DATA MAG.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Instrument Measurements Name PRIMARY VOLTAGES Display Data Comments V1 (kV) V2 (kV) *† Phase reference (V1 / V2) *† PRIMARY CURRENTS C1 (A / pf ) C2 (A / pf ) *† C3 (A / pf ) *† CT TYPES * C1 Type * C2 Type *† C3 Type *† SECONDARY VOLTAGES V1 (V / ˚ ) V2 (V / ˚ ) *† Phase reference *† SECONDARY CURRENTS C1 (mA / ˚ ) C2 (mA / ˚ ) *† C3 (mA / ˚ ) *† STATUS INPUTS Remote (On) / Local (Off) OR Auto (On/Off)◊ − = Off █ = On Auto (On) / Non-auto (Off) OR Non-auto
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Instrument Name Display Data Comments Mvar Diagnostic Instruments CURRENT MEASUREMENTS SUMMED MEASUREMENTS * SUMMED MEASUREMENTS * Transformer (A/pf) Summed transformers (A/pf) Generator feeders (A/pf) * Generators (A/pf) * Excluded loads (A/pf) * Corrected loads (A/pf) * Included loads (A/pf) * NUMBER SPECIAL CT’S * Generator feeders * Generators * Extra transformers * Excluded loads * Included loads * Corrected loads * CALCULATIONS * Non-measured load (A/pf) *
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Instrument Name Display Data Comments C3 * PRODUCT VERSION Product ID Article number Compile time RESTARTS Number of restarts Uptime Reason Remote Settings VIEW REMOTE SETTINGS Target voltage (%) Group ID Load ratio (%) * Not shown for a basic model † Not shown if inputs are set to ‘Unused’ on an advanced model ◊ Dependent on the ‘Auto select mode’ setting 11.3.2 Settings The settings menu allows the user to view and amend relay settings.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay SETTINGS TARGET VOLTAGE BANDWIDTH LDC REVERSE LDC EXIT FAST TAP TAP PULSE LENGTH INTER TAP TIME NOMINAL VOLTAGE FIRM CAPACITY POWER FACTOR EXIT PHASE ROTATION NETWORK CIRC.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay VT's & CT's VT1 FUNCTION* VT1 RATIO EXIT VT1 PHASE VT2 FUNCTION VT2 RATIO BUTTON PUSH EXIT VT2 PHASE BUTTON TURN CT1 FUNCTION* CT1 INTERPOSER TURNS CT1 RATIO EXIT CT1 SENSE CT1 PHASE CT2 FUNCTION CT2 INTERPOSER TURNS CT2 RATIO EXIT CT2 SENSE CT2 PHASE CT3 FUNCTION CT3 INTERPOSER TURNS CT3 RATIO EXIT CT3 SENSE CT3 PHASE VT1 VT2* † CT1 CT2* CT3* ONLY SHOWN WHEN ENVOY PRESENT ON CAN BUS * NOT SHOWN ON BASIC MODEL EXIT Figure 64 – VTs and
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Setting Type VT’s & CT’s V1 V2 * C1 CT2 * CT3 * VOLTAGE TARGET ADJUSTMENT GENERATION * v2.1 Setting Range Default setting V1 function* Voltage Control, Voltage Reference, Unused Voltage Control V1 ratio 10 – 2000 step 0.1 100 V1 phase A-B, B-C, C-A, A-E, B-E, C-E B-C V2 function * Voltage Control, Voltage Reference, Unused Unused V2 ratio * 10 – 2000 step 0.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Setting Type ALARMS ALTERNATIVE SETTINGS RELAY CONFIG Setting Range Default setting Max reverse load* Disabled, -50 A - - 10000 A step 1 Disabled Reverse power factor* Disabled, -0.5 lag - -0.5 lead step 0.01 Disabled Alarm time 180 – 900 sec step 5 300 sec Low voltage inhibit 80% - 0% step 5% 80% Target voltage 90 % - 110 % step 0.1 % 100 % Bandwidth 0.5 % - 5 % step 0.1 % 1.5 % LDC 0 % - 20 % step 0.1% 2.5% Reverse LDC Disabled, -0.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 1st relay alarm Startup Time 0d 0h10m19 1st AVC alarm Communications error Time 0d 0h00m52 Figure 65 – Relay faults v2.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 12 Installation 12.1 Unpacking and Storage On receipt, unpack the relay and inspect for any obvious damage. It is not normally necessary to remove the relay from its wrapping unless some damage is suspected or if it is required for immediate use. If damage has been sustained a claim should immediately be made against the carrier. The damage should also be reported to Fundamentals Ltd.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Please refer to section 10.1 for details of case size, fixing dimensions and connections of the SuperTAPP n+. Details for the RMTU relay are presented in a separate user manual. 12.3 SUPERTAPP n+ SYSTEM The SuperTAPP n+ system comprises the SuperTAPP n+ relay and the RMTU relay.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 13 Commissioning 13.1 Introduction Extensive accuracy, functional, and endurance testing is carried out at the factory prior to despatch. On-site confirmation of the setting ranges and accuracy levels are not necessary. However, in order to confirm correct operation of the overall voltage control scheme there are a number of tests which should be carried out.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay transformer which the relay is controlling. An example transformer nameplate is shown in Figure 68 with key parameters highlighted. The relay settings must be configured to represent the particular application. Some settings are always used and must be configured in the relay to render it operational. The settings menus are shown in section 11.3.2. Every setting has a default which represents the most commonly experienced value.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay NOMINAL SECONDARY VOLTAGE NON-PEAK MVA RATING Transformer to BS 171 1970 M.V.A 12 Vector symbols Dy11 Frequency 50 hertz L.V. 11.5 k.V (no load) H.V. 33 ± 8 x 1.25% L.V. 602.5 Amperes H.V. 210 and at 75°C 12 % Inpedance volts on position 9 Type of cooling ONAN L.V. 75 Insulation level (kVp) H.V. 170 Transport 5336 litres 4.64 tonnes Oil quantities:Cooling plant 1242 litres 1.08 tonnes Tapchanger tank 400 litres 0.35 tonnes Core and windings Mass:12.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 13.4 Relay Connections In order that the relay can be commissioned for automatic voltage control the various connections to the system need to be tested. These tests should ideally be performed with the relay in non-auto control mode (any relay which has not been completely commissioned into use should not be switched to auto mode other than where specified in this commissioning guide) and for safety the raise and lower connector (block C – see section 10.2.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Secondary Magnitude The current measurement inputs should first be tested to check that the secondary current measurement magnitude on each input is correct. This is easily done by comparing the current displayed on the instruments screen (shown in Figure 70) with that measured by a clamp CT on the secondary wiring of the main CT.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay -VBC +VC (+IC) -VB (-IB) +VCA +VAB 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° -VA (-IA) +VA (+IA) 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° -VAB -VCA -Vc (-Ic) +VB (+IB) +VBC PHASE ROTATION Figure 71 – VT / CT relationships One of the most common problems is that the connections to the relay as shown on the scheme drawings are not correct and the relay settings therefore need to be amended to represent the actual phase connections.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay VCA VCA IC IC 150° VA VAB 60° IB VBC 90° 60° IB IA Imeas PHASE ROTATION VT IN USE = B-C CT = A Imeas = +60° RELAY VT SETTING = V BC RELAY CORRECTION = -90° REAL SYSTEM PHASE = -30° POWER FACTOR = +0.87 lagging VBC IA Imeas PHASE ROTATION VT IN USE = B-C CT = A Imeas = +60° RELAY VT SETTING = V CA RELAY CORRECTION = +150° REAL SYSTEM PHASE = +210° = -150° POWER FACTOR = -0.87 leading Figure 72 – Effect of incorrect VT setting 13.4.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay -3% ADJUSTMENT APPLIED VOLTAGES Basic target Calc target Measured 97.0 % 97.8 % 99.1 % Figure 74 – Adjustment effect on target voltage -3% ADJUSTMENT APPLIED V 11.00kV Load 141A Group 141A Time to tap -3.0 % +0.99 Lg +0.99 Lg 3 s Figure 75 – Adjustment application Mode of Control Auto / Non-Auto Inputs F4 and F5 can be used to switch the mode of control between non-auto and auto.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Local / Remote Inputs F4 and F5 can be used to switch the level of control between local and remote. It is required where SCADA communications (DNP3, IEC61850 etc.) is being used. The relay response should be checked by operating a Local/Remote or equivalent switch (not available on the relay or accompanying RTMU but probably on the panel if SCADA has been implemented) and observing the change of state on the relay default screen as shown in Figure 77. LOC/REM V 11.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Raise and Lower Outputs C1 (Lower) and C4 (Raise) can be tested by adjustment of the basic target setting of the relay to an appropriate level to promote a corresponding raise/lower operation (i.e. making the measured voltage out-of-band). The relay will need to be in auto control for this test (see section 13.6.2 for details of commissioning auto control mode).
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay 13.5 Levels of Control There are two levels of control for voltage control as follows: • Local – tap changer is controlled at the substation (at the tap changer or at the tap changer control panel/relay) • Remote – tap changer is controlled via the relay by SCADA communications (DNP3, IEC 61850 etc.) Remote control is only possible with an accompanying ENVOY unit. If there is no ENVOY then the relay is permanently in local control. 13.5.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay • At the control centre via remote control (SCADA communications)* *only used where SCADA communications (DNP3, IEC61850 etc.) is in use In each case the relay will operate as normal, indicating all measurement data as per the resulting conditions, but will not issue any corrective tap changer operations or AVC alarms associated with the operational state (e.g. an overvoltage condition).
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay lower outputs should not be connected to the tap changer at this stage (relay connector block C is disconnected for safety as described previously). The key for the inter-tap timer is that it is longer than the operational time of the tap changer itself (for safety at least 10 seconds longer). Fast Tap This is only applicable where the fast-tap facility is being used (fixed 4 second timer for certain voltage conditions – see section 4.5.1).
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay The transformer which is on the lower ratio (normally the higher tap position) and therefore trying to output the higher voltage will export circulating current (lagging Vars) as shown earlier in figure 27. This will be displayed in the instruments as negative site circulating current.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay • Reverse LDC on: VLDC as per above equation but capped at the reverse LDC setting • Reverse LDC off: VLDC = zero Although it is difficult to test this with real reverse power on the transformer(s), the effect can be simulated and LDC response observed by reversing the sense of the CT inputs in use (this should reverse the group load). Once this test has been performed the CT ‘sense’ setting should be changed back to the correct polarity.
v2.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Appendix B - Commissioning Sheet Relay serial number ……………………… Transformer ID ……………………… Date ……………………… TYPE General TEST Site Name …….
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay TYPE TEST DONE NOTES C3 primary values* C3 phase* Digital Inputs Voltage adjustment 1 Voltage adjustment 2 Voltage adjustment 3 Auto / Non-Auto Local / Remote Alternative settings Outputs Raise Lower Relay Healthy Relay Fail AVC Alarm Non-Auto Auto CAN Bus Group configuration Local Control Switch between Auto and Non-Auto SCADA ineffective Remote Control Local control ineffective SCADA effective Non-Auto Control v2.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay TYPE TEST DONE NOTES Control at OLTC SCADA control (only for remote control) Auto Control – Basic Operation (voltage-only) Upper band level Lower band level Initial timer Inter-tap timer Fast tap Corrective operation Auto Control – On Load Operation (voltage and current) Circulating current – calculations Circulating current – corrective operations LDC – forward power LDC – reverse power * Not shown for a basic model v2.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Appendix C - Settings Sheet Relay serial number ……………………… Transformer ID ……………………… Date ……………………… Setting Type BASIC NETWORK TRANSFORMER VT’s & CT’s V1 V2 * C1 CT2 * v2.1 Setting Site Name …….……………………………… Value Default setting Target voltage 100 % Bandwidth 1.5 % LDC 2.5% Reverse LDC Disabled Initial tap time 120 sec Inter-tap time 15 sec Tap pulse length 2 sec Fast tap Down Nominal voltage 11 kV Firm capacity 1575 A Power factor 0.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Setting Type CT3 * VOLTAGE TARGET ADJUSTMENT GENERATION * ALARMS ALTERNATIVE SETTINGS RELAY CONFIG Setting Value Default setting C2 sense * Normal C3 function * Unused C3 interpose turns * 5 C3 ratio * 1600 C3 phase * A C3 sense * Normal Type Fixed Target 1 -3 % Target 2 -6 % Target 3 3% Step size 1% Load ratio * 0% Generator rating * 0A Generator Bias * 0% Reverse LDC level* Disabled Max reverse load* Disabled Reverse power factor*
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Appendix D - Type Test Results Atmospheric Environment Requirements ENA Technical Specification 48-5 Clause 4.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay ENA Technical Specification 48-5 Clause Preferred Standard/Procedure Specified Test Level Compliance Actual Test Level Y or N 4.2 - Relative Humidity (alternative) IEC 60068-2-30, 93%, 40°C, 6 off 24 hour cycles of +25 to +55°C Y 4.3 – Enclosure IEC 60529 IP50 N IP54 (for outdoor equipment) N v2.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Mechanical Environment Requirements ENA Technical Specification 48-5 Clause 5.1 – Vibration 5.2 – Shock Preferred Standard/Procedure IEC 60255-21-1 IEC 60255-21-2 Specified Test Level Compliance Y or N Response Class 1 Y Response Class 2 (Where integral with Switchgear N/A Endurance Class 1 Y Response Class 1 Y Response Class 2 (Where integral with Switchgear N/A Withstand Class 1 Y 5.2 – Bump IEC 60255-21-2 Class 1 Y 5.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Electrical Environmental Requirements ENA Technical Specification 48-5 Clause Preferred Standard/Procedure Specified Test Level Compliance Y or N Actual Test Level Remarks 6.1 - DC Supply Voltage 48 V DC IEC 60255-6 Table 1, remain within claimed accuracy from 38.5 to 53 V with >60 V continuous withstand N/A AC power supply 6.1 - DC Supply Voltage 110 V DC IEC 60255-6 Table 1, remain within claimed accuracy from 87.5 to 137.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay ENA Technical Specification 48-5 Clause Preferred Standard/Procedure Specified Test Level Compliance Y or N Actual Test Level Remarks 6.3 – Thermal requirement - CT inputs 2.4 x In, continuous 3.0 A, 20 mins 3.5 A, 10 mins 4.0 A, 5 mins 5.0 A, 3 mins 6.0 A, 2 mins N/A 1000:1 CT interposer used (extremely low burden) – therefore isolated from primary CT **what is the withstand capability of the interposer CT ? It is not N/A ! 6.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Requirements In general the radiated field and ESD tests apply to the enclosure and the remaining tests apply to all input/output ports including the auxiliary energising supply port, CT/VT connections, status/alarm connections and communication ports, unless stated otherwise. ENA Technical Specification 48-5 Clause Preferred Standard/Procedure Specified Test Level Compliance Y or N Actual Test Level Remarks 7.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay ENA Technical Specification 48-5 Clause Preferred Standard/Procedure Specified Test Level Compliance Y or N 7.6 – Surge immunity test IEC 60255-22-5 Level III, 2 kV common, 1 kV differential. (Level 4, 4 kV, 2 kV preferred for CT and VT inputs.) Applied to all ports. N - See Remarks 7.7 – Conducted electromagnetic field disturbance tests IEC 60255-22-6 10 Vrms, 80% mod, 1 kHz. 0.15 to 80 MHz sweep and 27 and 68 MHz spot frequencies. Applied to all ports. Y 7.8.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay ENA Technical Specification 48-5 Clause 7.12 – Conducted and Radiated Emission Preferred Standard/Procedure IEC 60255-25 Specified Test Level Class A, Conducted, power supply: Compliance Y or N Actual Test Level Remarks Y 0.15 to 0.5 MHz, 79dB(µV) quasi pSP Power Systemsk, 66 dB(µV) average, 0.5 to 30 MHz, 71dB(µV) quasi pSP Power Systemsk, 60 dB(µV) average. Radiated, Enclosure at 10m: 30 to 230 MHz, 40 dB(µV) quasi pk, 230 to 1000 MHz, 47dB(µV) quasi pk. v2.
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay Notes
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay
SuperTAPP n+ Voltage Control Relay
