YAMAHA AUTHORIZED PRODUCT MANUAL MIDI MASTER KEYBOARD
YAMAHA MIDI MASTER KEYBOARD OWNER'S MANUAL
ABOUT THIS MANUAL CONTENTS We would like to take this opportunity to thank you for purchasing the Yamaha KX88 MIDI Master keyboard. The KX88 puts you in complete control of all MIDI devices, both those presently on the market and those yet to come. In order to take full advantage of the KX88, please read this manual carefully. This manual is divided into three chapters. 1. A guided tour of the KX88. 2. A detailed, systematic explanation of the KX88. 3. Charts and tables. Reference material.
DESCRIPTION The Yamaha KX88 is an 88 key, weighted action MIDI keyboard and control center for all MIDI equipped instruments and devices. It is the first completely programmable and assignable MIDI keyboard. Each of the controllers (pitch and modulation wheels, after touch, breath controller, 2 foot controllers, 2 foot switches, 4 front panel sliders and 7 front panel buttons) may be programmed to send any type of MIDI information.
FEATURES 7. MODE SWITCH This switch selects between the 3 operation modes. Each time the MODE switch is pressed, it will alternate between PLAY and CA mode. While in CA mode, if you press MODE for more than 1 second, it will enter PA mode. 1. KEYBOARD An 88 key weighted action keyboard with initial and after touch sensitivity. It functions in three modes; SINGLE, DUAL and SPLIT. 2. WHEEL 1 8. MODE INDICATOR LED In PLAY mode, it indicates one of the three keyboard modes; SINGLE, DUAL or SPLIT. 3.
11. BANK SWITCH A, B These are used to chose whether the program select switches select 1-16 or 17-32. (Or in 8 BANK mode, to select banks 1-8) When the bank LED is off, the program select switches select 1-16; when on, 17-32. In CA mode, they enable or disable assignments to each bank. 14. CONTROLLER CODE PRESET TABLE The functions for controller codes 00-3F have been permanently set, and are listed here. 15.
CONNECTIONS The KX88 will not produce sound by itself. Please connect it with a MIDI cable to a MIDI tone generator such as the TX816, or to a MIDI synthesizer such as the DX7. You will need at least one MIDI tone generator or synthesizer, and to take advantage of the split and dual modes, two or more are necessary. To make full use of the KX88’s possibilities, we suggest that you connect the optional footswitches and foot controllers. NOTE: Use only the new Yamaha FC7.
CHAPTER 1: LET'S PLAY THE KX88 IMPORTANT NOTE This part of the manuaL is a step-by-step introduction to the KX88. It assumes that the KX88 is still as it was preset at the factory. (ie. the same standard setting in all memory banks) If not, please initialize the memory by turning the power on while holding down the bank A and bank B switches. Doing this will set all code memories 1 - 1 6 to the same initial setting on page 6.
n THREE MODES SELECTING VOICE PROGRAMS In PLAY mode, the two readouts will show the voice numbers for each MIDI bank. Select voices using the Bank switch and program select switches 1-16. To select voices 17-32, press the Bank switch. The Bank LED will light, and switches 1-16 will now select voices 17-32. To go back to 1-16, press the Bank switch again. In this way, you can select voices independently for MlDI banks A and B.
• SINGLE, DUAL AND SPLIT keyboard modes • MONO/POLY Press TS1. (TS1 = MONO/POLY) The TS1 LED indicator lights, and the sound generator is now in MONO mode and will sound only the last note you play. The TS1, 2 Toggle switches are of a different type than the other front panel switches we have used so far. TS1, 2 each have two functions, one when they are pressed ON and one when they are pressed OFF. In this case, the two assignments are TS1 = Mono, Poly. First, press MS1.
CHAPTER 2: FUNCTION OF THE KX88 n SUMMARY OF THE KX88 n CA MODE OPERATION MODES The KX88 has three modes of operation: PLAY mode, CA mode, and PA mode. You will normally play the KX88 in PLAY mode. When you operate the various controllers while in this mode, the MIDI data that has been assigned to the controllers will be sent. In CA mode, you may assign functions (controller codes 00-FF) to the various controllers. In PA mode, you may define controller codes 40-FF to be any desired MIDI information.
SAVE TS1,2 These switches each have two functions, so you must assign two controller codes to them. In PLAY mode, if TS is pressed while the LED is off, the first function will be sent. If it is pressed when the LED is on, the second function will be sent. When you press TS1 or 2 in CA mode, the upper readout will show T1 for about one second. Then, the upper and lower readouts will show the first and second controller codes currently assigned to that switch.
PAMODE 04 MIDI CHANNEL The readouts will display the MIDI channel numbers for banks A and B. If you press the controller while pressing bank switch A or B, the selected bank readout will start blinking. Now you may enter the new channel number for that bank. When you release the switch, the readout will return to its usual display. 07 CONTROL CHANGE CONTROL CHANGE Use this to define controller codes 40-FF as MIDI control change messages. When you press this switch, the upper readout will show CC .
UNIVERSAL PARAMETER SPECIAL FUNCTIONS MIDI STATUS AND ACTIVE CLOCK disable The KX88 normally sends MIDI status and active clock signals, but you may disable this by turning the power on while pressing the MODE switch. UNIVERSAL PARAMETER Using this, you may define controller codes 3E and 3F as any MIDI message of up to 8 bytes. The controller data (00-7F) will be included in this message in whatever spot you specify. When you press this switch, the upper readout will show UP.
CHAPTER 3: SETTlNG UP THE KX88 Wheel 2 = Volume CA (controller assign) MODE Let’s try assigning Wheel 2 (W2) to Volume. (W2 = Volume) In the last chapter, we learned what functions had been assigned to the controllers when the KX88 left the factory. In this chapter, we will learn how to assign any function to any controller. Most of the frequently-used functions have been stored in the KX88’s memory and given a number; a CONTROLLER CODE. (These CONTROLLER CODES) are printed on the right side of the KX88.
CS1 = MASTER TUNE (bank A) TS1 = A OCT UP, A OCT DOWN Let’s make a controller assignment that will affect only MIDI bank A. Now let’s assign a new function to the Toggle Switch 1. (at present assigned to MONO, POLY) The Toggle Switches TS1 and TS2 are different from the other controllers. They can each be assigned two functions: one when pushed on (LED lights up) and one when pushed off (LED goes off). In this example, the two functions will be to transpose MIDI bank A up and down an octave.
CONTROLLING A RHYTHM MACHINE OR SEQUENCER FC1 = PITCH BEND (Bank B) Here’s a rather interesting assignment; use the foot controller to pitch bend only one of the MIDI banks. This KX88 is not limited to sending keyboard information. Let’s set it up to control a rhythm machine (such as the RX15) and/or a sequencer (such as the QX1). With two momentary switches and a continuous slider, we will send Start, Stop and MIDI Clock information. Enter CA mode. Select Foot Controller 1. Enter CA mode.
OTHER FUNCTIONS IN CA MODE MIDI CH Then, press a key. The new transpose point you have selected will be displayed. MIDI CH When you press this switch, the MIDI channels of banks A and B will be displayed in the readouts. (A decimal point indicates a sharp. #) If you want to change MIDI channels A or B, press bank switch A or B and the selected readout will start blinking. Enter the new MIDI channel by pressing one of the bank B program switches 1-16. The new channel number will be displayed.
Let’s save the assignments you have made so far (if you have been following the examples) in code memory 2. Press SAVE and then press bank B program switch 2. PA (Parameter Assign) MODE In the last section (CA mode), we learned how to assign controller codes to controllers. Controller codes 00-3F and their definitions are printed on the KX88. These controller codes cannot be redefined. However, you may define the remaining controller codes 40-FF to be any MIDI information you want.
Controller Code 40 = Modulation Wheel n Actually, most of the MIDI control changes you will use are already preset as controller codes 10-27. But just as an example, let’s define controller code 40 as Modulation Wheel. The MIDI control change number for Modulation Wheel is 01. (see MIDI data list on page 11) PARAMETER CHANGE Use this to define a controller code as a SYSTEM EXCLUSIVE: PARAMETER CHANGE. System Exclusive messages include an ID byte which is different for each manufacturer.
Next, the upper readout will show SG (Subgroup). Enter the appropriate subgroup. For this example, 0. Now the upper readout will show P (Parameter), so enter the parameter number. The parameter number for Op. 6 Frequency Fine is 13 (Hexdecimal). Controller Code 43 = Op. 6 Keyboard Level Scaling Break Point The idea of this assignment is to use a Foot Controller to move the break point up and down the keyboard.
UNIVERSAL PARAMETER OTHER PA MODE FUNCTIONS PA mode has two other useful functions. MANUAL DUMP If you want to define a controller code as a SYSTEM EXCLUSIVE for a device other than Yamaha, or if you want to send any MIDI data other than Control Change or Parameter Change, use this function. Universal 1 and Universal 2. (see Controller Code Preset Table) In PA mode, you may use UNIVERSAL PARAMETER to define these as a MIDI message of up to 8 bytes, and include controller data in this message.
KX88 BLOCKDIAGRAM -21-
n SPECIFICATIONS Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 keys (Initial & Common after touch sensitive) SINGLE DUAL SPLIT CONTROLLER ASSIGN PARAMETER ASSIGN Mode Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PLAY Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WHEEL 1 — PITCH WHEEL WHEEL 2 — MODULATION WHEEL CONTROL SLIDER x 4 PUSHSWITCH TS1, 2 PUSHSWITCH MS1 ~ 5 BANKSWITCH A, B PROGRAM SELECT SWITCH BANK A 1 ~ 16 BANK B 1 ~ 16 Control Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 4: FOR REFERENCE n CONTROLLER CODE PRESET TABLE No. 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13 14 15 SINGLE DUAL SPLIT/S. POINT SWAP CHANNEL MIDI CH TRANSPOSE ----LOAD A OCT UP B OCT UP A OCT DOWN B OCT DOWN CH INC 1 CH DEC 1 CH INC 2 CH DEC 2 PITCH BEND MOD WHEEL BREATH CTRL AFTER TOUCH FOOT CTRL PORTA TIME 16 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F DATA ENTRY VOLUME SUSTAIN ON/OFF SUSTAIN ON SUSTAIN OFF PORTA ON/OFF PORTA ON PORTA OFF --------- 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B No.
• TUNE REQUEST 11110110 TUNE REQUEST TRANSMITTED DATA (Data will be sent according) • REALTIME INFORMATION 11111000 TIMING CLOCK: Note 1 11111010 START 11111011 CONTINUE 11111100 STOP 11111110 MIDI ACTIVE SENSING CLOCK: Note 2 11111111 SYSTEM RESET • KEY ON EVENT 1001nnnn KEY ON, CHANNEL NUMBER (n = 0 ~ 15) 0 K K K K K K K KEY NUMBER (K = 21 ~ 108): Note 1 0VVVVVVV KEY VELOCITY (V = 0 ~ 127): Note 2 NOTE: 1. When Transpose = 0.
BINARY, DECIMAL AND HEXADECIMAL CONVERSION Conversion Table -25-
CHANNEL VOICE MESSAGE (Hexadecimal) For your information, these are the CHANNEL VOICE MESSAGES. Some equipment may not accept all of these, so consult the MIDI specifications for each device.
NOTE 2: VV is key velocity NOTE 3: CC is the Control Number. Some devices will not accept all control numbers. For your reference, here are the Control Numbers for the DX series and TX816. For other devices, consult the MIDI specifications for that device.
DX SERIES PARAMETER CHANGE (Hexadecimal) STATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 0 ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 43 SUB STATUS S/CH # . . . . . . . . . . . . 1n Voice Parameter Change (gg = 00 ~ 01) Subgroup number h 0 1 1 GROUP # . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gg SUB GROUP # . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . h PARAMETER # . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 BREAK POINT BREAK POINT Decimal 0 1 2 3 Hex. 0 1 2 3 4 5 Decimal 21 22 23 24 25 26 1A 24 MIDIN O T E# Hex.
DX Performance Parameter Change (gg = 04) Parameter number P 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F 20 21 22 3F 40 Data Parameter Decimal SOURCE SELECT POLY/MONO PITCH BEND RANGE PITCH BEND STEP PORTAMENTO TIME PORTAMENTO/GLISSANDO PORTAMENTO MODE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 16 ~1 ~ 12 ~ 12 ~ 99 ~1 ~1 1 ~ 10 0~1 0 ~ C 0 ~ C 0 ~ 63 0~1 0~1 MODULATION WHEEL SENSITIVITY MODULATION WHEEL ASSIGN FOOT CONTROLLER SENSITIVITY FOOT CONTROLLER ASSIGN AFTER TOUCH SENSITIVITY AFTER
DX7 Function Parameter Change (gg = 08) Parameter number P 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D Data Parameter POLY/MONO PITCH BEND RANGE PITCH BEND STEP PORTAMENTO MODE PORTAMENTO/GLISSANDO PORTAMENTO TIME MODULATION WHEEL SENSITIVITY MODULATION WHEEL ASSIGN FOOT CONTROLLER SENSITIVITY FOOT CONTROLLER ASSIGN BREATH CONTROLLER SENSITIVITY BREATH CONTROLLER ASSIGN AFTER TOUCH SENSITIVITY AFTER TOUCH ASSIGN Notes Decimal Hex.
KX88 CONTROLLER ASSIGN TABLE SET NAME USER NAME CREATE DATE -32-
MIDI Master Keyboard Model KX88 MIDI Implementation Chart Transmitted Date: 12/4, 1984 Version : 1.0 Received Remarks Function . . . Basic Default C h a n n e l Changed Mode Default Messages 1 - 16 1 - 16 all channel x 3 OMNI on, OMNI off POLY, MONO x OMNI on, OMNI off POLY, MONO Note N u m b e r True voice 1-127 V e l o c i t y Note ON Note OFF o 9nh, v=1-127 x 9nH, v=0 o o After Touch x o o o o o Key's Ch's Pitch Bender 0 - 121 Control memorized 0 - 127 o 7 bit reso.
FCC CERTIFICATION (USA) While the following statements are provided to comply with FCC Regulations in the United States, the corrective measures listed below are applicable worldwide. This series of Yamaha combo equipments use frequencies that appear in the radio frequency range and if installed in the immediate proximity of some types of audio or video devices (within three meters), interference may occur.
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