SPECIAL MESSAGE SECTION This product utilizes batteries or an external power supply (adapter). DO NOT connect this product to any power supply or adapter other than one described in the manual, on the name plate, or specifically recommended by Yamaha. This product may also use “household” type batteries. Some of these may be rechargeable. Make sure that the battery being charged is a rechargeable type and that the charger is intended for the battery being charged.
FCC INFORMATION (U.S.A.) 1. IMPORTANT NOTICE: DO NOT MODIFY THIS UNIT! This product, when installed as indicated in the instructions contained in this manual, meets FCC requirements. Modifications not expressly approved by Yamaha may void your authority, granted by the FCC, to use the product. 2. IMPORTANT: When connecting this product to accessories and/ or another product use only high quality shielded cables. Cable/s supplied with this product MUST be used. Follow all installation instructions.
PRECAUTIONS PLEASE READ CAREFULLY BEFORE PROCEEDING * Please keep this manual in a safe place for future reference. WARNING Always follow the basic precautions listed below to avoid the possibility of serious injury or even death from electrical shock, short-circuiting, damages, fire or other hazards. These precautions include, but are not limited to, the following: Power supply/AC power adaptor Water warning • Only use the voltage specified as correct for the instrument.
Connections Saving data • Before connecting the instrument to other electronic components, turn off the power for all components. Before turning the power on or off for all components, set all volume levels to minimum. Also, be sure to set the volumes of all components at their minimum levels and gradually raise the volume controls while playing the instrument to set the desired listening level. Maintenance • When cleaning the instrument, use a soft, dry cloth.
Copyright Notice The followings are the titles, credits and copyright notices for three (3) of the songs pre-installed in this electronic keyboard: Mona Lisa from the Paramount Picture CAPTAIN CAREY, U.S.A.
Congratulations and thank you for purchasing the Yamaha DGX-620/520, YPG-625/525 Portable Grand! Please read this owner’s manual carefully before using the instrument in order to take full advantage of its various features. Make sure to keep this manual in a safe and handy place even after you finish reading, and refer to it often when you need to better understand an operation or function. Accessories The DGX-620/520, YPG-625/525 package includes the following items. Please check that you have them all.
Special Features of the DGX-620/520, YPG-625/525 Graded Hammer Standard Keyboard (DGX-620/YPG-625 Only) Thanks to our experience as the world’s leading manufacturer of acoustic pianos, we’ve developed a keyboard with action that’s virtually indistinguishable from the real thing. Just as on a traditional acoustic piano, the keys of the lower notes have a heavier touch, while the higher ones are more responsive to lighter playing. The keyboard’s sensitivity can even be adjusted to match your playing style.
Contents Copyright Notice ....................................................................... 6 Panel Logos ............................................................................. 6 Accessories .............................................................................. 7 Special Features of the DGX-620/520, YPG-625/525.............. 8 Setting Up 10 Power Requirements .............................................................. 10 Connecting Headphones (PHONES/OUTPUT Jack) .............
Setting Up Be sure to do the following operations BEFORE turning on the power. Power Requirements Make all necessary connections below BEFORE turning the power on. Connecting Headphones (PHONES/OUTPUT Jack) Make sure that the [STANDBY/ON] switch of the instrument is set to STANDBY. WARNING • Use ONLY a Yamaha PA-5D AC Power Adaptor (or other adaptor specifically recommended by Yamaha) to power your instrument from the AC mains.
Setting Up Connecting to a Computer (USB Terminal) ● Music Rest Insert the music rest into the slots as shown. Connect the instrument’s USB terminal to the USB terminal of a computer, and you can transfer performance data and song files between the two (page 99). To use the USB data-transfer features you’ll need to do the following: • First, make sure the POWER switch on the instrument is set to OFF, then use a USB cable to connect the instrument to the computer.
Panel Controls and Terminals q [STANDBY/ON] switch .................... page 11 w [MASTER VOLUME] control.... pages 11, 62 !4 [REPEAT & LEARN]/ [ACMP ON/OFF] button ...........pages 52, 24 e FILE CONTROL [MENU], [EXECUTE] buttons................. pages 91–96 !5 [A-B REPEAT]/ [INTRO/ENDING/rit.] button.....pages 83, 74 r [LYRICS] button ............................... page 34 !6 [REW]/ [MAIN/AUTO FILL] button........pages 30, 74 t [SCORE] button ...............................
Panel Controls and Terminals @7 @0 @1 @4 @2 @3 @8 @6 @5 #0 #1 #2 #3 @9 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 @4 Dial............................................ pages 63, 87 #5 CONTRAST knob ............................ page 65 @5 CATEGORY [ ] and [ ] buttons ..................................... pages 63, 87 #6 USB TO DEVICE, TO HOST terminals ..................pages 11, 99 @6 Number buttons [0]–[9], [+] and [-] buttons.................... pages 63, 87 #7 SUSTAIN jack...................................
e d ck Gui ui Q Changing the Display Language Quick Guide This instrument allows you to select English or Japanese as the display language. The default display language is English, but if you switch to Japanese the lyrics, file names, demo display, and some messages will be displayed in Japanese where appropriate. 2 Press the CATEGORY [ ] and [ ] buttons a number of times until the “Language” item appears. r Press the [FUNCTION] button.
e d ck Gui ui Q Try Playing a Variety of Instrument Voices In addition to piano, organ, and other “standard” keyboard instruments, this instrument has a large range of voices that includes guitar, bass, strings, sax, trumpet, drums and percussion, sound effects … a wide variety of musical sounds. Select and Play a Voice—MAIN This procedure selects the main voice you will play on the keyboard. 1 Press the [VOICE] button. The main voice selection display will appear.
Try Playing a Variety of Instrument Voices Play Two Voices Simultaneously—DUAL You can select a second voice which will play in addition to the main voice when you play the keyboard. The second voice is known as the “dual” voice. 1 Press the [DUAL ON/OFF] button. The [DUAL ON/OFF] button turns the dual voice on or off. When turned on the dual voice “DUAL” will appear in the MAIN display. The currently selected dual voice will sound in addition to the main voice when you play the keyboard.
Try Playing a Variety of Instrument Voices 4 Play the keyboard. Two voices will sound at the same time. Try selecting and playing a range of dual voices. Press the [EXIT] button to return to the MAIN display. Play Different Voices with the Left and Right Hands—SPLIT In the split mode you can play different voices to the left and right of the keyboard “split point”.
Try Playing a Variety of Instrument Voices 3 Select the desired split voice. 4 Play the keyboard. Watch the highlighted split voice and rotate the dial until the voice you want to use is selected. The voice selected here becomes the split voice which will play to the left of the keyboard split point. For this example try selecting the “038 Folk Guitar” voice. Try selecting and playing a range of split voices. Press the [EXIT] button to return to the MAIN display.
Fun Sounds This instrument includes a range of drum kits and unique sound effects you can use for entertainment. Laughter, babbling brooks, jet fly-bys, eerie effects, and much more. These sounds can be a great way to enhance the mood at parties. Drum Kits Drum kits are collections of drum and percussion instruments. When you select a violin or other normal instrument main voice, for example, all keys produce the sound of the same violin, only at different pitches.
e d ck Gui ui Q The Metronome The instrument includes a metronome with adjustable tempo and time signature. Play and set the tempo that is most comfortable for you. Start the Metronome Turn the metronome on and start it by pressing the [METRONOME ON/OFF] button. To stop the metronome, press the [METRONOME ON/OFF] button again. MEASURE 1 Indicates the beat number in the measure Adjusting the Metronome Tempo 1 Press the [TEMPO/TAP] button to call up the tempo setting.
The Metronome Setting the Number of Beats per Measure, and the Length of Each Beat In this example we’ll set up a 5/8 time signature. 1 Press and hold the [METRONOME ON/OFF] button for longer than a second to select the function “Time Signature–Numerator”. 2 Use the dial to select the number of beats per measure. 3 Press the CATEGORY [ ] and [ ] buttons as many times as necessary to select the beat length function “Time Signature–Denominator”. 4 Use the dial to select the beat length.
The Metronome Adjusting the Metronome Volume r 2 Use the CATEGORY [ ] and [ ] buttons to select the Metronome Volume item. f 1 Press the [FUNCTION] button. Metronome volume 3 22 Use the dial to set the metronome volume as required.
e d ck Gui ui Q Playing Styles This instrument has an auto accompaniment feature that produces accompaniment (rhythm + bass + chords) in the style you choose to match chords you play with your left hand. You can select from 150 different styles covering a range of musical genres and time signatures (see page 130 for a complete list of the available styles). In this section we’ll learn how to use the auto accompaniment features. Select a Style Rhythm Most styles includes a rhythm part.
Playing Styles Play Along with a Style You learned how to select a style rhythm on the preceding page. Here we’ll see how to add bass and chord accompaniment to the basic rhythm to produce a full, rich accompaniment that you can play along with. 1 2 Press the [STYLE] button and select the desired style. Turn automatic accompaniment on. Press the [ACMP ON/OFF] button. Pressing this button a second time will turn automatic accompaniment off. This icon appears when automatic accompaniment is on.
Playing Styles When sync start is on, the bass and chord accompaniment included in a style will start playing as soon as you play a note to left of the keyboard split point. Press the button a second time to turn the sync start function off. 4 Play a left-hand chord to start the style. You can still “play” chords even if you don’t actually know any chords. This instrument will recognize even a single note as a chord. Try playing from one to three notes at the same time to the left of the split point.
Playing Styles Styles Are More Fun When You Understand Chords Chords, created by playing multiple notes at the same time, are the basis for harmonic accompaniment. In this section we’ll take a look at sequences of different chords played one after another, or “chord sequences.” Since each chord has it’s own unique “color”—even if it’s different fingerings of the same chord—the chords you choose to use in your chord progressions have a huge influence on the overall feel of the music you play.
Playing Styles Recommended Style 138 Piano Boogie —3-chord boogie-woogie— Press the [INTRO/ENDING/rit.] button. C F C G F C Press the [INTRO/ENDING/rit.] button. This progression provides varied harmonic backing with just three chords. When you get a feel for the progression in the score, try changing the order of the chords! Recommended Style 086 Bossa Nova —Bossa nova with jazz-style chords— Press the [INTRO/ENDING/rit.] button.
Playing Styles Playing Auto-accompaniment Chords There are two ways of playing auto-accompaniment chords: ● Easy Chords ● Standard Chords The instrument will automatically recognize the different chord types. The function is called Multi Fingering. Press the [ACMP ON/OFF] button to turn auto-accompaniment on (page 24). The keyboard to the left of the split point (default: 54/F#2) becomes the “accompaniment range”. Play the accompaniment chords in this area of the keyboard.
e d ck Gui ui Q DGX-620/520, YPG-625/525 Owner’s Manual 29
Using Songs 3 001–030 Built in Songs (see next page) 031–035 User Songs (Songs you record yourself). 036– Songs transferred from a computer (pages 102–104) or Songs in a USB flash memory connected to the instrument (page 91) Listen to the song. Press the [START/STOP] button to begin playback of the selected song. You can stop playback at any time by pressing the [START/STOP] button again.
Using Songs ● Song List These 30 songs include songs that effectively demonstrate the instrument’s Easy Song Arranger feature, songs that are ideally suited for use with the performance assistant technology feature, and more. The “Suggested Uses” column provides some ideas as to how the songs can most effectively used. Category Main Demo Voice Demo Function Demo Piano Solo Piano Ensemble Piano Accompaniment CHORD No.
Using Songs Types of Songs The following three types of songs can be used by the DGX-620/520, YPG-625/525. ● Preset Songs (the 30 songs built into the instrument) ................Song numbers 001–030. ● User Songs (recordings of your own performances) ..................Song numbers 031–035. ● External song files (song data transferred from a computer*) ...Song numbers 036–. * The Accessory CD-ROM includes a selection of 70 MIDI songs.
Using Songs Displaying the Song Score This instrument is capable of display the scores of songs. Scores are displayed for the 30 internal preset songs as well as songs stored in USB flash memory or flash memory. And although user songs you record yourself cannot display a score as is, they can be converted to SMF (Standard MIDI File) format and stored to USB flash memory, from where they can be played with score display. 1 2 Select a song. Follow steps 1 and 2 of the procedure described on page 29.
Using Songs Display the Lyrics If a song contains lyric data, the lyrics can be made to appear on the display. No lyrics will be displayed for a song that contains no lyric data even if the [LYRICS] button is pressed. 1 Select a song. 2 Press the [LYRICS] button. Select a song between 16, 20, and 30 by performing steps 1 and 2 described on page 29. The title, lyricist, and composer of the song will appear on the display.
e d ck Gui ui Q The Easy Way to Play Piano This instrument includes a performance assistant technology feature that lets you play along with a song and sound like a great pianist (even though you might be making lots of mistakes)! In fact, you can play any notes and still sound good! You could even just tap one key and the results would be a beautiful melody. So even if you can’t play piano and can’t read a note of music, you can have some musical fun.
The Easy Way to Play Piano CHORD Type—Play with Both Hands 1 Press the [P.A.T. ON/OFF] button. 2 Select the CHORD type. This turns on the performance assistant technology feature. The indicator lights when the performance assistant technology feature is on. Hold for longer than a second Select Chord Press and hold the [P.A.T. ON/OFF] button for longer than a second so that the performance assistant technology type appears. Select the Chord type by using the dial. 3 Select a song.
The Easy Way to Play Piano 4 Press the [START/STOP] button. Song playback will begin. The basic pattern will play repeatedly. Listen to the basic pattern for four measures while getting a feel for the basic pattern, then begin playing yourself from the fifth measure. The keys you should play will be shown in the display. 5 Play on the keyboard. Before After Try playing the score on the left with both hands. You can even play the same keys over and over: C, E, G, C, E, G, C, E.
The Easy Way to Play Piano CHORD/FREE Type—Applying the Chord Type to the Left Hand Only 1 Press the [P.A.T. ON/OFF] button. 2 Select the CHORD/FREE type. This turns on the performance assistant technology feature. The indicator lights when the performance assistant technology feature is on. Press and hold the [P.A.T. ON/OFF] button for longer than a second so that the performance assistant technology type appears. Select the Chord/Free type by using the dial. 3 38 Select a song.
The Easy Way to Play Piano 4 Press the [START/STOP] button. Song playback will begin. The left-hand keys you should play will be shown on the display. 5 Play on the keyboard. Play to the right of the split point with your right hand, and to the left of the split point with your left hand. Split point With this type notes played on the left-hand side of the split point will actually sound an octave higher. Play the Nocturne melody with your right hand.
The Easy Way to Play Piano MELODY Type—Play with One Finger See page 44 for some hints on how to play melodies. 1 Press the [P.A.T. ON/OFF] button. 2 Select the MELODY type. This turns on the performance assistant technology feature. The indicator lights when the performance assistant technology feature is on. Select Melody Hold for longer than a second Press and hold the [P.A.T. ON/OFF] button for longer than a second so that the performance assistant technology type appears.
The Easy Way to Play Piano 4 Press the [START/STOP] button. Song playback will begin. Because the Melody type has been selected, the song melody will not sound. You can enjoy playing the melody yourself (step 5). Song start! 5 Play on the keyboard. To begin, try to feel the rhythm of the song. Then tap a key with one finger of your right hand in time with the music. You can play any key.
The Easy Way to Play Piano CHORD/MELODY—Chord Type with the Left Hand, Melody with the Right 1 Press the [P.A.T. ON/OFF] button. 2 Select the CHORD/MELODY type. This turns on the performance assistant technology feature. The indicator lights when the performance assistant technology feature is on. Hold for longer than a second Select Chord/Melody Press and hold the [P.A.T. ON/OFF] button for longer than a second so that the performance assistant technology type appears.
The Easy Way to Play Piano 4 Press the [START/STOP] button. Song playback will begin. The basic pattern will repeat. Listen to eight measures while memorizing the basic pattern. It’s your turn to play the part from the ninth measure. 5 Play on the keyboard. Play to the right of the split point with your right hand, and to the left of the split point with your left hand. Split point With this type notes played on the left-hand side of the split point will actually sound an octave higher.
The Easy Way to Play Piano Use the Performance Assistant to Play Like a Pro! Here are a few hints for using the Chord type. If you select Chord/Free or Chord/Melody, the left-hand section of the keyboard becomes the Chord type section, so use these hints on the lefthand section of the keyboard. To begin, try to feel the rhythm of the song. Then, with your hands spread as shown in the illustration, simply play the keyboard alternately with your left and right hands (any notes will do).
The Easy Way to Play Piano Make Use of the Score in the Melody Type. If you want to play the melody with the correct rhythm, use the onscreen score feature. Displaying the Score. After performing steps 1 to 4 on page 40, press the [SCORE] button. The melody score will appear. Marker Chord Melody The marker will indicate the current position in the score during playback.
The Easy Way to Play Piano Change the Song Tempo When using the performance assistant technology or in other situations in which the tempo of the song is too fast or too slow for you, you can change the tempo as required. Press the [TEMPO/TAP] button. The tempo display will appear and you can use the dial, the [+] and [-] buttons, or the [0] to [9] number buttons to set to tempo to anywhere from 011 and 280 quarter-note beats per minute.
e d ck Gui ui Q Select a Song For a Lesson Yamaha Education Suite You can select song you like and use it for a left-hand, right-hand, or both-hands lesson. You can also use songs (only SMF format 0) downloaded from the Internet and saved to flash memory. (page 102) During the lesson you can play as slowly as you like, and you can even play wrong notes. Song playback will slow down to a speed you can handle.
Select a Song For a Lesson 3 Select the part you want to practice. Press the [R] button for a right-hand lesson, [L] button for a left-hand lesson, or press both the [R] and [L] buttons simultaneously for a bothhands lesson. The currently selected part is shown in the upper right corner of the display. Select R for right-hand lesson. Select L for left-hand lesson. Select LR for bothhands lesson. 4 Start Lesson 1. NOTE Press the LESSON [START] button to select Lesson 1.
Select a Song For a Lesson Play the notes shown in the on-screen score. The next note to be played is indicated by a dot (●) on the appropriate key of the graphic on-screen keyboard. When you play the correct note the marker will move to the next key to be played. Playback will pause and wait for you to play the correct note. The triangular marker (▼) above the score indicates playback progress.
Select a Song For a Lesson Lesson 2—Your Tempo Learn to play the correct notes with the correct timing. Song playback tempo will vary to match the speed you are playing at. The song will slow down when you play wrong notes, so you can learn at your own pace. 1 Select the song and part you want to practice (steps 1 and 3 on page 47). 2 Start Lesson 2. Each time the LESSON [START] button is pressed the lesson modes are selected in sequence: Lesson 1 → Lesson 2 → Lesson 3 → Off → Lesson 1 ...
Select a Song For a Lesson Lesson 3—Minus One Here’s where you can perfect your technique. The song will play at the normal tempo, minus the part you have chosen to play. Play along while listening to the song. 1 Select the song and part you want to practice (steps 1 and 3 on page 47). 2 Start Lesson 3. Each time the LESSON [START] button is pressed the lesson modes are selected in sequence: Lesson 1 → Lesson 2 → Lesson 3 → Off → Lesson 1 ...
Select a Song For a Lesson Practice Makes Perfect—Repeat and Learn Use this feature when you want to start again just ahead of a section on which you made a mistake, or to repeatedly practice a section you find difficult. Press the [REPEAT & LEARN] button during a lesson. The song location will move back four measures from the point at which you pressed the button, and playback will begin after a one-measure count-in.
e d ck Gui ui Q Play Using the Music Database You want to play music in your favorite style, but you’re not sure how to select the best voice and style for the type of music you want to play ... simply select the appropriate style from the Music Database. The panel settings will automatically be adjusted for the ideal combination of sounds and style! 1 Press the [MUSIC DATABASE] button. A Music Database list will appear in the display. 2 Select a Music Database.
e d ck Gui ui Q Change a Song’s Style In addition to each song’s default style, you can select any other style to play the song with the Easy Song Arranger feature. This means that you can play a song that is normally a ballad, for example, as a bossa nova, as a hip-hop tune, etc. You can create totally different arrangements by changing the style with which a song is played. You can also change the song’s melody voice and the keyboard voice for a complete change of image.
Change a Song’s Style 3 Listen to the song. NOTE Press the [START/STOP] button to begin playback of the song. Move on to the next step while the song is playing. • When playing song numbers 010, 011, and 020 to 030 while using the Easy Song Arranger, melody tracks will be automatically muted and no melody will sound. In order to hear the melody tracks you will need to press the SONG MEMORY buttons [3] to [5]. Song start! 4 Press the [EASY SONG ARRANGER] button. The Style Select display will appear.
e d ck Gui ui Q Record Your Own Performance You can record up to 5 of your own performances and save them as user songs 031 through 035. Once your performances have been saved as user songs, they can be converted to SMF (Standard MID File) format files and saved to USB flash memory (page 94) and used with score display. So when inspiration strikes and you create a great melody, you can save it in both listenable and written score form.
Record Your Own Performance Recording Procedure 1 From the MAIN display press the [SONG] button, then use the dial to select the user song number (031–035) you want to record to. Rotate the dial to select a song number between 031 and 035. 2 Select the track(s) you want to record to and confirm your selection on the display. ◆ Record a Melody Track and the Accompaniment Track Together Press the melody track button [1]–[5] you want to record to while holding the [REC] button.
Record Your Own Performance 3 Recording will start when you play on the keyboard. You can also start recording by pressing the [START/STOP] button. The current measure will be shown on the display during recording. Current measure Recording starts 4 Stop recording by pressing the [START/STOP] or [REC] button. or If you press the [INTRO/ENDING/rit.] button while recording the style track an appropriate ending pattern will play and then recording will stop.
Record Your Own Performance ● Data that cannot be recorded • Split voice • The following items are recorded at the beginning of the track. Changes made during the song will not be recorded. Reverb type, Chorus type, Time signature, Style number, Style volume, Tempo (When the style track is recorded) Song Clear—Deleting User Songs This function clears an entire user song (all tracks). 1 2 From the MAIN display select the user song (031–035) you want to clear.
Record Your Own Performance Track Clear—Deleting a Specified Track from a User Song This function lets you delete a specified track from a user song. 1 2 From the MAIN display select the user song (031–035) you want to clear. Press and hold the SONG MEMORY track button ([1]–[5], [A]) corresponding to the track you want to clear for longer than a second. A confirmation message will appear on the display. Hold for longer than a second 3 Press the [+] button. 4 Press the [+] button to clear the track.
Backup and Initialization Backup The following settings are always backed up, and are maintained even when the power is turned off. If you want to initialize the settings, use the Initialize operation as explained below.
Basic Operation Basic Operation Overall DGX-620/520, YPG-625/525 control is based on the following simple operations. 1 Press a button to select a basic function. 2 Use the dial to select an item or value. 3 Start a function. 1 Press a button to select a basic function.
Basic Operation 2 Use the dial to select an item or value When you select a basic function, the item corresponding to that function will be listed in the display. You can then use the dial or the number buttons [0]–[9] to select the desired item. The currently selected item is highlighted in the display. In this example the [VOICE] button has been pressed.
Basic Operation The Displays ● Display Names All operations are carried out while watching the display. A number of display types are provided for different modes and functions. The name of the current display appears at the top of the display. ● MAIN Display Title To Return To the MAIN Display Most basic operations are carried out from the instrument’s MAIN display. You can return to the MAIN display from any other display by pressing the [EXIT] button near the lower right corner of the display panel.
Basic Operation MAIN Display Items The MAIN display shows all of the current basic settings: song, style, voice. It also includes a range of indicators that show the on/off status of a range of functions. * Adjust the LCD CONTRAST control on the rear panel of the instrument for optimum display legibility. A-B Repeat Tempo Appears when repeat playback is engaged. Transpose Measure Number Function ON/Off Icons Dual Appears when the Dual Voice is on.
Reference e erenc ef R Play with a Variety of Effects Adding Harmony This feature adds harmony notes to the main voice. 1 Press the [HARMONY ON/OFF] button to turn Harmony feature on. To turn Harmony off, press the [HARMONY ON/OFF] button again. Hold for longer than a second. The currently selected harmony type When harmony is on the harmony icon will appear in the display.
Play with a Variety of Effects Adding Reverb Reverb lets you play with a rich concert hall type ambience. When you select a style or song the optimum reverb type for the voice used is automatically selected. If you want to select a different reverb type, use the procedure described below. Refer to the Effect Type List on page 133 for information about the available reverb types. 1 Press the [FUNCTION] button to call up the FUNCTION display. 2 Use the CATEGORY [ 3 Use the dial to select a reverb type.
Play with a Variety of Effects Adding Chorus The chorus effect creates a thick sound that is similar to many of the same voices being played in unison. When you select a style or song the optimum chorus type for the voice used is automatically selected. If you want to select a different chorus type, use the procedure described below. 1 Press the [FUNCTION] button to call up the FUNCTION display. 3 Use the dial to select a chorus type.
Play with a Variety of Effects Panel Sustain This function adds sustain to the keyboard voices. Use it when you want to add sustain to the voices at all times, regardless of footswitch operation. The sustain function does not affect split voice. 1 Press the [FUNCTION] button to call up the FUNCTION display. 3 You can then use the [+] and [-] buttons to turn panel sustain on or off. NOTE • The sustain of some voices may not be markedly affected when the panel sustain function is turned on.
e erenc ef R Handy Performance Features Tap Start You can start the song/style by simply tapping the [TEMPO/TAP] button at the required tempo—4 times for time signatures in 4, and three times for time signatures in 3. You can change the tempo during song playback by pressing the button just twice. Touch Response Sensitivity You can adjust the keyboard’s sensitivity to dynamics in three steps. 1 Press the [FUNCTION] button. The currently selected function will appear in the display.
Handy Performance Features One Touch Setting Sometimes selecting the ideal voice to play with a song or style can be confusing. The One Touch Setting feature automatically selects a well-balanced voice for you when you select a style or song. Simply select voice number “000” to activate this feature. 1 Select voice number “000” (steps 1 to 2 on page 15). 4 Use the dial to change songs, then play the keyboard and listen to the voice. You should hear a different keyboard voice than you played in step 3.
Handy Performance Features Select an EQ Setting for the Best Sound Five different master equalizer (EQ) settings are provided to give you the best possible sound when listening through different reproduction systems—the instrument’s internal speakers, headphones, or an external speaker system. 1 Press the [FUNCTION] button. The currently selected function will appear in the display.
Handy Performance Features Pitch Controls ◆ Large Pitch Changes (Transpose) The overall pitch of the instrument can by shifted up or down by a maximum of 1 octave in semitone increments. ◆ Small Pitch Changes (Tuning) The overall tuning of the instrument can by shifted up or down by a maximum of 100 cents in 1-cent increments (100 cents = 1 semitone). 1 Press the [FUNCTION] button. 1 Press the [FUNCTION] button.
e erenc ef R Style (Auto-accompaniment) Functions Basic operation of the Style (auto-accompaniment) feature is described on page 23 of the Quick Guide. Here are some other ways you can play the styles, the style volume adjustment procedure, how you can play chords using the styles, and more. Pattern Variation (Sections) The DGX-620/520, YPG-625/525 features a wide variety of style “sections” that allow you to vary the arrangement of the accompaniment to match the song you are playing.
Style (Auto-accompaniment) Functions 1 Press the [STYLE] button and then select a style. 4 Press the [MAIN/AUTO FILL] button. 2 Press the [ACMP ON/OFF] button to turn auto accompaniment on. The name of the selected section—MAIN A or MAIN B—will be displayed. 5 Press the [INTRO/ENDING/rit.] button. Appears when auto accompaniment is on. You’re now ready to play the intro. 6 As soon as you play a chord with your 3 Press the [SYNC START] button to turn synchro start on.
Style (Auto-accompaniment) Functions 7 Press the [MAIN/AUTO FILL] button. When the fill-in is finished, it leads smoothly into the selected main section A/B. 8 Press the [INTRO/ENDING/rit.] button. The style will play while you are playing the keys This switches to the ending section. When the ending is finished, the auto accompaniment stops automatically. You can have the ending gradually slow down (ritardando) by pressing the [INTRO/ENDING/rit.] button again while the ending is playing back.
Style (Auto-accompaniment) Functions Setting the Split Point The initial default split point is key number 54 (the F#2 key), but you can change it to another key using the procedure described below. 1 Press the [FUNCTION] button. 3 Use the dial to set the split point to any key from 000 (C-2) through 127 (G8). Split point (54 : F#2) Main voice Split voice NOTE • The split point cannot be changed during a song lesson. • The split voice sounds when the split-point key is played.
Style (Auto-accompaniment) Functions Play a Style with Chords but No Rhythm (Stop Accompaniment) When auto accompaniment is on (the ACMP ON icon is showing) and Synchro Start is off, you can play chords in the left-hand accompaniment range of the keyboard while the style is stopped and still hear the accompaniment chords. This is “Stop Accompaniment”, and any of the chord fingerings recognized by the instrument can be used (page 28).
Style (Auto-accompaniment) Functions Chord Basics Two or more notes played together constitute a “chord”. The most basic chord type is the “triad” consisting of three notes: the root, third, and fifth degrees of the corresponding scale. A C major triad, for example, is made up of the notes C (the root), E (the third note of the C major scale), and G (the fifth note of the C major scale).
Style (Auto-accompaniment) Functions ■Recognized Standard Chords ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● All chords in the chart are “C-root” chords.
Style (Auto-accompaniment) Functions Style File This instrument features 150 internal styles, but other styles, such as those provided on the CD-ROM and others that can be obtained from the internet (only styles with the “.sty” suffix), can be loaded into style number 151 and used in the same way as the internal styles. For details on loading the style file, see “Loading User Files and Style Files” on page 95.
Style (Auto-accompaniment) Functions Looking Up Chords Using the Chord Dictionary The Dictionary function is essentially a built-in “chord book” that shows you the individual notes of chords. It is ideal when you know the name of a certain chord and want to quickly learn how to play it. 1 Press and hold the LESSON [START] button for longer than a second. Hold for longer than a second 3 Press the “M7” (major seventh) key in the section of the keyboard labeled “CHORD TYPE”. (The note doesn’t sound.
e erenc ef R Song Settings Song Volume 1 Press the [FUNCTION] button. Song volume item Can be set between 000 and 127 2 Use the CATEGORY [ f r ] and [ ] buttons to select the Song Volume item. 3 Use the dial to set the song volume between 000 and 127. NOTE • Song volume can be adjusted while a song is selected. A-B Repeat You can specify a section of a song—“A” is the start point and “B” is the end point—for repeat playback.
Song Settings Each “track” of a song plays a different part of the song—melody, percussion, accompaniment, etc. You can mute individual tracks and play the muted part on the keyboard yourself, or simply mute tracks other than the ones you want to listen to. Use the SONG MEMORY [1]–[5] and [A] buttons to mute or un-mute the corresponding tracks. The border around the track number in the display disappears when that track is muted. Refer to page 56 for information about the song track configuration.
e erenc ef R Memorize Your Favorite Panel Settings This instrument has a Registration Memory feature that lets you save your favorite settings for easy recall whenever they’re needed. Up to 16 complete setups can be saved (8 banks of two setups each). 8 Banks Memory 1 Memory 2 Up to 16 presets (eight banks of two each) can be memorized. Saving to the Registration Memory 1 Set the panel controls as required— select a voice, accompaniment style, etc. 2 Press the [MEMORY/BANK] button.
Memorize Your Favorite Panel Settings Recalling a Registration Memory 1 Press the [MEMORY/BANK] button. A bank number will appear in the display when you release the button. ● Settings That Can be Saved to the Registration Memory • Style settings* Style number, Auto Accompaniment ON/OFF, Split Point, Style settings (Main A/B), Style Volume, Tempo, Chord Fingering Bank number 2 Use the dial or the [1]–[8] number buttons to select bank you want to recall.
e erenc ef R The Functions The “Functions” provide access to a range of detailed instrument parameters for tuning, setting the split point, and adjusting the voices and effects. Take a look at the function list starting on the opposite page. There are 46 function parameters in all. When you locate a function you want to set up, simply select the function’s display name (shown to the right of the function name in the list) and adjust as required.
The Functions ● Function Setting List Category VOLUME Function Item Range/Settings Style Volume 000–127 Determines the volume of the Style. Song Volume 000–127 Determines the volume of the Song. Transpose -12–+12 Determines the pitch of the instrument by semitone increments. Tuning -100–+100 Sets the pitch of the instrument’s sound in 1-cent increments. Pitch Bend Range 01–12 Sets the pitch bend range in semitone increments.
The Functions Category Function Item Range/Settings Description Harmony Type 01–26 Determines the Harmony type. (See the list on page 133) Harmony Volume 000–127 Determines the volume of the Harmony effect. PAT P.A.T. Type CHORD, CHORD/FREE, MELODY, CHORD/MELODY Determines the performance assistant technology feature type. (See the list on page 35) PC PC Mode PC1/PC2/OFF Optimizes the MIDI settings when you connect to a computer (page 100).
e erenc ef R Using USB Flash Memory USB flash memory is a memory medium used for storing data. When a USB flash memory is inserted in this instrument’s USB TO DEVICE terminal, user songs created on the instrument and the registered settings can be saved to or loaded from the memory medium.
Using USB Flash Memory Connecting a USB Flash Memory 1 Connect a USB flash memory to the USB TO DEVICE terminal, being careful to insert it with the proper orientation. 2 Check that the file control icon is shown in the MAIN display. You can go to the FILE CONTROL display from which you can access USB flash memory operations by pressing the [MENU] button from this display.
Using USB Flash Memory Formatting USB Flash Memory New USB flash memory must be formatted before they can be used by this instrument. 5 Press the [EXECUTE] button again, or CAUTION • If you format a USB flash memory that already contains data, all of the data will be erased. Be careful not to erase important data when using the format function. the [+] button, and the format operation will begin.
Using USB Flash Memory Saving Data Three types of data are saved to one “User File” by this operation: user song, style file, and registration memory data. When you save a user song the style file and registration memory are also saved automatically. 1 Make sure that a properly formatted USB flash memory has been properly connected to the instrument’s USB TO DEVICE terminal, and that the icon is showing in the MAIN display. r f 2 Press the FILE CONTROL [MENU] button.
Using USB Flash Memory Convert a User Song to SMF Format and Save This operation converts a user song (song numbers 031–035) to SMF Format 0 and saves the file to USB flash memory. ● What is SMF (Standard MIDI File)? The SMF (Standard MIDI File) format is one of the most common and widely compatible sequence formats used for storing sequence data. There are two variations: Format 0 and Format 1.
Using USB Flash Memory Loading User Files and Style Files User files, style files, and styles residing on a USB flash memory can be loaded into the instrument. If the required style file has already been transferred to the instrument from a computer using the Musicsoft Downloader application, start from step 2, below. Refer to “Transferring Performance Data to and from a Computer” on page 100 for details on transferring style files.
Using USB Flash Memory Deleting Data from a USB Flash Memory This procedure deletes user file and SMF file from a USB flash memory. 1 Make sure that the USB flash memory containing the file(s) you want to delete has been properly connected to the instrument’s USB TO DEVICE terminal, and that the icon is showing in the MAIN display. 2 Press the FILE CONTROL [MENU] button. 3 Use the CATEGORY [ r f ] and [ ] buttons to locate the Delete item. 4 Select the file you want to delete.
e erenc ef R Connections Connectors q q USB TO DEVICE terminal This terminal allows connection to USB storage devices. Refer to “Connection to a USB Storage Device” on page 97. w w USB TO HOST terminal This terminal allows direct connection to a personal computer. Refer to “Connecting a Personal Computer” on page 99 for more information.
Connections Backing up the instrument data to a computer Once you’ve saved data to a USB storage device, you can copy the data to the hard disk of your computer, then archive and organize the files as desired. Simply reconnect the device as shown below. Saves internal data to a USB storage device. USB TO DEVICE terminal Instrument USB storage device Disconnect the USB storage device from the instrument and connect it to the computer.
Connections Connecting a Personal Computer The following functions become available when this instrument is connected to a computer. ● Performance data can be transferred between the instrument and the computer (page 100). ● Files can be transferred between the instrument and the computer (page 102). The connection procedure is as follows: 1 Install the USB-MIDI driver on your com- puter. The USB-MIDI driver is included on the CD-ROM. Installation of the USB MIDI driver is described on pages 108–109.
Connections Transferring Performance Data to and from a Computer By connecting the instrument to a computer, the instrument’s performance data can be used on the computer, and performance data from the computer can be played on the instrument. ● When the instrument is connected with computer, it transmits/receives performance data.
Connections ■PC Mode ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● A number of MIDI settings need to be made when you want to transfer performance data between the computer and the instrument. The PC Mode item can conveniently make multiple settings for you in one operation. Three settings are available: PC1, PC2, and OFF. This setting is not necessary when transferring song or backup files between the computer and the instrument.
Connections Initial Send This function lets you send the panel setup data to a computer. Before you record performance data to a sequencer application running on your computer, it is a good idea to first send and record the panel setup data before the actual performance data. 1 Press the [FUNCTION] button. 2 Use the CATEGORY [ 3 Press [+/YES] to send, or press [-/NO] to cancel. r f ] and [ ] buttons to select the Initial Send item.
Connections ■Use Musicsoft Downloader To Transfer Songs From the Accessory CD-ROM To the Instrument’s flash memory ● ● ● ● ● NOTE • If a song or style is being played, stop playback before proceeding. 6 A copy of the selected MIDI song file will appear in the “List of files stored temporarily” at the top of the window. The memory medium will also be displayed at the bottom of the window to specify the destination for the transfer. Click “Instrument”, and then “Flash memory”.
Connections 9 To playback a song stored in flash memory, press the [SONG] button. Use the dial to select the song you want to play, then press the [START/STOP] button to start playback. Style files (files with the “.STY” extension) can be transferred to Flash memory using the same procedure as described above. Style files transferred to the Flash Memory can be loaded into style number 151 and then played (pages 81, 103). CAUTION • Do not unplug the USB cable during a data transfer.
e erenc ef R Accessory CD-ROM Installation Guide SPECIAL NOTICES • • • • • • • This CD-ROM is copy-protected. Yamaha makes no representations or warranties with regard to any problems while attempting to copy the CD-ROM or software and cannot be held responsible for the results of attempts to copy the data. The software and this owner’s manual are the exclusive copyrights of Yamaha Corporation.
Accessory CD-ROM Installation Guide CD-ROM Contents q e r Folder Name Application / Data Name w Contents Musicsoft Downloader This application can be used to download MIDI song data from the Internet and transfer it from the computer to the instrument’s memory. DMN_FlashDemo Flash Demo Digital Music Notebook is an educational content that lets you enjoy music while learning. Full motion demo software which introduces all features of the Digital Music Notebook.
Accessory CD-ROM Installation Guide System Requirements Application/Data OS CPU Memory Hard Disk Display Musicsoft Downloader Windows 98SE/Me/2000/ XP Home Edition/ XP Professional 233 MHz or higher; Intel® Pentium®/Celeron® processor family 64 MB or more (256 MB or more is recommended) at least 128 MB of free space (at least 512 MB of free space is recommended) 800 x 600 HighColor (16-bit) USB Driver for Windows 98/Me Windows 98/Me Windows 2000/XP Home Edition/XP Professional 32 MB or more (
Accessory CD-ROM Installation Guide Installing the driver on Windows 98/Me Installing the driver on Windows 2000 1 Start the computer. 2 Insert the supplied CD-ROM into the CD- 1 Start the computer and use the “Adminis- 3 ROM drive. A start window will appear automatically. First, make sure the POWER switch on the instrument is set to OFF, then use a USB cable to connect the USB terminal of the computer to the USB connector of the instrument.
Accessory CD-ROM Installation Guide Installing the driver on Windows XP 1 Start the computer and use the “Adminis2 3 4 5 6 7 trator” account to log into Windows. Select [Start] ➔ [Control Panel]. If the control panel appears as “Pick a category”, click “Switch to Classic View” in the upper left of the window. All control panels and icons will be displayed. Go to [System] ➔ [Hardware] ➔ [Driver Signing Options] and check the radio button to the left of “Ignore” and click [OK].
Accessory CD-ROM Installation Guide ■Troubleshooting The driver cannot be installed. • Is the USB cable connected correctly? Check the USB cable connection. Disconnect the USB cable, then connect it again. • Is the USB function enabled on your computer? When you connect the instrument to the computer for the first time, if the “Add New Hardware Wizard” does not appear, the USB function on the computer may be disabled. Perform the following steps.
Accessory CD-ROM Installation Guide NOTE • To delete these files using Explorer, select “Folder Options” from the Tool (View) menu, and select “Show all files (and folders).” • \WINDOWS\INF\OTHER\1039.INF • \WINDOWS\SYSTEM\Xgusb.drv • \WINDOWS\SYSTEM\Ymidusb.sys 4 5 6 Disconnect the USB cable. Restart the computer. Re-install the driver. 4.
Appendix Troubleshooting ■ For the Instrument Problem Possible Cause and Solution When the instrument is turned on or off, a popping sound is temporarily produced. This is normal and indicates that the instrument is receiving electrical power. When using a mobile phone, noise is produced. Using a mobile phone in close proximity to the instrument may produce interference. To prevent this, turn off the mobile phone or use it further away from the instrument.
Troubleshooting Problem Possible Cause and Solution The appropriate display does not appear when the [SONG], [EASY SONG ARRANGER], [STYLE], or [VOICE] button is pressed. Is another display showing? Try pressing the [EXIT] button to return to the MAIN display, and then pressing one of the mentioned buttons. The wrong notes sound when the keyboard is played. Perhaps the performance assistant technology is turned on. Press the [PERFORMANCE ASSISTANT] button to turn it off.
Messages LCD Message Comment Access error! Indicates the failure in reading or writing from/to the media or the flash memory. All Memory Clearing... Displayed while erasing all data in the flash memory. Never turn the power off during data transmission. Are you sure? Confirms whether Song Clear or Track Clear is executed or not. Backup Clearing... Displayed while clearing the back-up data in the flash memory. Cancel Displayed when the transmission of Initial Send is cancelled. Clearing...
Messages LCD Message Comment Rename File Displayed while rewriting the file name in the Musicsoft Downloader. Save OK ? Confirms whether saving is executed or not. Saved data is not found. Displayed when the data to be saved doesn’t exist. Saving... Displayed while saving data in the memory. Never turn the power off while saving. Doing so may result in data loss. Send OK? Confirms whether the data transmission is executed or not. Sending... Displayed while transmitting data.
Keyboard Stand Assembly CAUTION Read these cautions carefully before you assemble or use the keyboard stand. These cautions are to promote safe use of the stand and to prevent injury and damage from occurring to you and others. By following these cautions carefully, your keyboard stand will provide you with safe and prolonged use. • Be careful not to confuse parts, and be sure to install all parts in the correct direction. Please assemble in accordance with the sequence given below.
Keyboard Stand Assembly x Attach the back board. 2 Attach the back board, using the 6 x 30 mm roundhead screws e. DGX-620 and YPG-625 owners : Check the back-to-front orientation for the side boards. Make sure the non-colored surface is facing down. c DGX-620 and YPG-625 owners: please follow these instructions. Attach the support rail. Spread a large soft cloth (such as a blanket) on the floor. Place the instrument on the cloth with the keyboard side facing down.
Scores This demo is an example of how the Easy Song Arranger can be used to change styles throughout a piece. Song No.
Scores DGX-620/520, YPG-625/525 Owner’s Manual 119
Scores This score is provided with the intent that the pitch will be corrected by the performance assistant technology feature. If you play the “Play These Notes” part using the performance assistant technology feature, the part will be corrected and played so that it matches the backing part. Song No.
Scores DGX-620/520, YPG-625/525 Owner’s Manual 121
Scores This score is provided with the intent that the pitch will be corrected by the performance assistant technology feature. If you play the “Play These Notes” part using the performance assistant technology feature, the part will be corrected and played so that it matches the backing part. Song No. 11 q =108 (Function Demo for performance assistant technology) Nocturne op.
Scores DGX-620/520, YPG-625/525 Owner’s Manual 123
Voice List ■ Maximum Polyphony ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● The instrument has 32-note maximum polyphony. This means that it can play a maximum of up to 32 notes at once, regardless of what functions are used. Auto accompaniment uses a number of the available notes, so when auto accompaniment is used the total number of available notes for playing on the keyboard is correspondingly reduced. The same applies to the Split Voice and Song functions.
Voice List Voice No.
Voice List Voice No.
Voice List Voice No.
Drum Kit List • “ ” indicates that the drum sound is the same as “Standard Kit 1”. • Each percussion voice uses one note. • The MIDI Note # and Note are actually one octave lower than keyboard Note # and Note. For example, in “128: Standard Kit 1”, the “Seq Click H” (Note# 36/Note C1) corresponds to (Note# 24/Note C0). • Key Off: Keys marked “O” stop sounding the instant they are released. • Voices with the same Alternate Note Number (*1 ... 4) cannot be played simultaneously.
Drum Kit List Voice No.
Style List Style No.
Music Database List MDB No.
Songs Provided On the Supplied CD-ROM File Name 001Nutcr.mid 002Orphe.mid 003Slavo.mid 004Prima.mid 005Medit.mid 006Guill.mid 007Fruhl.mid 008Ungar.mid 009Fruhl.mid 010Dolly.mid 011Cande.mid 012Arabe.mid 013Pasto.mid 014Petit.mid 015Innoc.mid 016Progr.mid 017Taren.mid 018Cheva.mid 019Etude.mid 020Marci.mid 021Turki.mid 022Valse.mid 023Menue.mid 024Momen.mid 025Enter.mid 026Prelu.mid 027Violl.mid 028Angel.mid 029Saraf.mid 030Ameri.mid 031Brown.mid 032Lomon.mid 033Bonni.mid 034Londo.mid 035Banjo.mid 036Vogle.
Effect Type List ● Harmony Types No.
DGX-620/520, YPG-625/525 Owner’s Manual Change Control 0,32 1,11,84 6,38 7,10 64 71 72 73 74 91,93 96-97 100-101 Key's Ch's After Touch Pitch Bend Note ON Note OFF Velocity o x o o o x o x x o x o o 0-24 semi x x o 9nH,v=1-127 x 9nH,v=0 *1 *1 *1 *1 *1 0 - 127 : True voice ************** 3 x ************** Default Messages Altered Mode Note Number 1 - 16 x Default Changed Basic Channel Function...
: True # x x x x o x Aux o(120,126,127) o(121) o(122) o(123-125) o x o o x x x o o 0 - 127 *1 Refer to #2 on page 136. Mode 1 : OMNI ON , POLY Mode 2 : OMNI ON ,MONO Mode 3 : OMNI OFF, POLY Mode 4 : OMNI OFF,MONO :All Sound OFF :Reset All Cntrls :Local ON/OFF :All Notes OFF Mes- :Active Sense sages:Reset o o x x x o o 0 - 127 ************** System : Clock Real Time: Commands Common : Song Pos. : Song Sel.
MIDI Data Format NOTE: 1 By default (factory settings) the instrument ordinarily functions as a 16-channel multi-timbral tone generator, and incoming data does not affect the panel voices or panel settings. However, the MIDI messages listed below do affect the panel voices, auto accompaniment, and songs. • MIDI Master Tuning • System exclusive messages for changing the Reverb Type and Chorus Type. 2 Messages for these control change numbers cannot be transmitted from the instrument itself.
Specifications Keyboards • DGX-620/YPG-625: 88 Graded Hammer Standard keys (A-1–C7), with Touch Response. • DGX-520/YPG-525: 88-key box type (A-1–C7), with Touch Response. Display • 320 x 240 dots LCD display (backlit) Setup • STANDBY/ON • MASTER VOLUME: MIN–MAX • LCD CONTRAST Panel Controls • SONG, VOICE, STYLE, EASY SONG ARRANGER, P.A.T.
A F +/– .................................................. 13, 63 d1........................................................ 12.3957aw[(d1.....–0ffff0H3 c.84964c....65 7 718.942r40........................................)-22285 714.43095rd4.85 714.43095rd4.85 714.43095rd4.8..... A-B Repeat ...........................................83 File Control .......................................... 91 0–9 .................................................. 13, 63 Accessories ........................................
Index Metronome ........................................... 20 MIDI ................................................... 100 MIDI Data Format .............................. 136 MIDI Implementation Chart ............... 134 Music Database .................................... 53 Music Rest ............................................ 11 Mute ..................................................... 84 N notation ................................................. 65 O One Touch Setting ...........................
Limited Warranty 90 DAYS LABOR 1 YEAR PARTS Yamaha Corporation of America, hereafter referred to as Yamaha, warrants to the original consumer of a product included in the categories listed below, that the product will be free of defects in materials and/or workmanship for the periods indicated.
For details of products, please contact your nearest Yamaha representative or the authorized distributor listed below. Pour plus de détails sur les produits, veuillez-vous adresser à Yamaha ou au distributeur le plus proche de vous figurant dans la liste suivante. NORTH AMERICA CANADA Yamaha Canada Music Ltd.
Yamaha Home Keyboards Home Page (English Only) http://music.yamaha.com/homekeyboard Yamaha Manual Library http://www.yamaha.co.jp/manual/ U.R.G., Pro Audio & Digital Musical Instrument Division, Yamaha Corporation © 2006 Yamaha Corporation WG29380 XXXPOXXX.
