AWE 120-58 Advanced Wireless Ethernet Bridge User Guide APR 2002 Rev 3
Important You can obtain the latest customer documentation for this product by visiting our web site at www.wi-lan.com. Click on Support ➔ Customer Documentation. Updated information will be posted regularly on this site and can be downloaded via the Internet.
Contents Contents ...............................................................................................i Important Information .................................................................... vii Safety Considerations ...................................................................................................................... vii Warning Symbols Used in this Book ........................................................................................... vii Notices .................
Installation ......................................................................................... 11 Overview ............................................................................................................................................11 Checking the Shipping Contents Tools and Equipment 12 12 1 Obtain Network Plan ..................................................................................................................13 2 Assemble Units .......................................
Setting the Internet IP Address Setting the IP Subnet Mask Setting the Default Gateway IP Address Setting the SNMP NMS Trap IP Address (future) Setting the MAC Filter Entry Age Time Minutes Enabling MAC Address Filtering 42 42 43 43 43 44 IP Filter Configuration ....................................................................................................................
Setting Tx Power Automatically (Remote Station Only) Adjusting User Output Power Ceiling (Remote Station Only) Setting Signal Margin (Remote Station Only) Viewing Current Output Power Level Adjust 83 86 87 88 Radio Module Configuration ..........................................................................................................
Planning the Physical Layout ....................................................................................................... 135 Determine the Number of Remotes Ensure LOS and Determine Coverage Area Measure the Distance Between Units Determine Shelter, Power and Environmental Requirements 135 135 136 136 Determining Antenna and Cable Requirements ..............................................................................................................
Obtaining New Software Images ............................................................................................... 175 Downloading Image Software ..................................................................................................... 175 Activating New Software Images ............................................................................................... 177 Removing Old Software Images .........................................................................................
Important Information Please be aware of the following information about the AWE 120-58. • Tx power of remote units can be monitored and adjusted automatically. • Center frequency is typed into a data field (rather than selected from a list). Available center frequencies range from 5.7410 GHz to 5.8338 GHz in 400 kHz steps. • Indoor antennas are not supplied. To test and configure units you need to purchase a Bench Test Kit (9000-0034). For bench testing, antennas must be separated by at least 2 meters.
Important Information All antennas and equipment must be installed by a knowledgeable and professional installer. ! CAUTION Never operate a unit without an antenna, dummy load, or terminator connected to the antenna port. Operating a unit without an antenna, dummy load, or terminator connected to the antenna port can permanently damage a unit. Important Antennas must be selected from a list of Wi-LAN approved antennas. See Wi-LAN Approved Antennas, page 144 for list.
Notices Copyright Notice Copyright© 2001 Wi-LAN, Inc. All rights reserved. This guide and the application and hardware described herein are furnished under license and are subject to a confidentiality agreement. The software and hardware can be used only in accordance with the terms and conditions of this agreement.
Notices If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following methods.
Distributor Technical Support Distributor Technical Support Distributors may contact Wi-LAN’s Technical Assistance Center (TAC) for technical support on Wi-LAN products. When requesting support, please have the following information available: • Description of the problem • Configuration of the system, including equipment models, versions and serial numbers.
Notices xii AWE 120-58 User Guide
Description Features The AWE 120-58 advanced wireless Ethernet bridge provides high-speed, wireless connectivity at a fraction of the cost of wired solutions. It operates over the 5.7250 – 5.8500 GHz ISM radio band and has a maximum raw wireless data rate of 12 Mbps. • Provides wireless connectivity at speeds up to eight times faster than regular T1 lines, making the AWE 120-58 ideal for providing high-speed Ethernet access or for wirelessly extending existing communications infrastructures.
Description License-Free ISM Bands 26 MHz Wide 900 MHz 902 MHz 928 MHz 83.5 MHz Wide 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.4835 GHz 125 MHz Wide 5.8 GHz 5.725 GHz 5.85 GHz Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) technology converts a data stream into packets and spreads the packets across a broad portion of the RF band. The particular spread pattern depends upon a code. With multi-code DSSS (MC-DSSS), multiple codes and spread patterns are employed.
Some System Applications Remote Units: Remote units receive and transmit wireless data to the base station.You need at least one remote unit for each wireless link. Remotes can limit the amount of data passed by the remote (a function called throttling), and they can filter data packets based on their IP address. If remote units communicate only with the base station, their antennas can be more directional and have higher gains than base antennas.
Description Point-to-Multipoint Wireless Network Wired Network Router Switch Hub Firewall Remote Wireless Links Main Wired Network Wired Network Router Switch Hub Firewall Base Remote Router Hub Switch Firewall Base station polls Remote Units Wired Network Router Hub Switch Firewall Remote Direct remote-to-remote communication can occur if a direct RF link can be established between remotes, and if remotes are in the same RF group.
Some System Applications Creating a Network with Cells Cells or data nodes can be created with AWE units to maximize coverage, minimize interference, and increase data throughput. Directional antennas are mounted on a mast to divide cells into sectors.Each sector is connected to an antenna and a base station. Directional antennas increase signal gain within the sector and increase the distance possible between base stations and remotes.
Description Using a Repeater Base A base station can function as a repeater to enable wireless data communication around physical obstacles such as tall buildings or mountains. The repeater passes data around the obstacle to any remote in the same RF group. The single unit repeater slows data throughput due to the “store and forward” process where each packet is handled twice. A dual unit repeater does not slow data throughput.
Hardware Description Hardware Description The AWE 120-58 unit has two connector ports located on the access panel. One port receives Power and Ethernet via a special connector cable (see below). The second port provides Serial management access. Access Panel Power/Ethernet Port Serial Port The access panel connectors are further described below Power/Ethernet Port 8-pin male connector. A matching connector cable is provided with your shipping package Serial Port 5-pin female connector.
Description Top Panel Cover Plate Antenna Port Antenna 8 N-type female connector antenna port is located at the top right of the top panel.
AWE 120–58 Specifications AWE 120–58 Specifications General Specifications Modulation Method: Multi-Code Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (MC-DSSS), time division duplexing (TDD) Wireless Data Rate: 12 Mbps raw data rate/up to 10.2 Mbps operational RF Frequency Range: 5.725 - 5.850 MHz (unlicensed ISM band) Power Requirements: TBD Vdc (via 110/240 VAC 50/60 Hz adaptor) 15W maximum power consumption Physical (for units with integrated antenna): Size (W x L x H): 30.5 x 30.5 x 8.
Description Wireless Networking Protocols Network Topologies: Point-to-Point, Point-to-Multipoint, Multipoint-to-Multipoint Repeater Mode: User Configurable Private Network User configurable using repeater and RF Group RF Collision Management: Dynamic Polling with Dynamic Time Allocation Security Data Scrambling: User Configurable Data Security Password: Security password of up to 20 bytes in length (1048 combinations) Configuration, Management, and Diagnostics Configuration Methods: Web, SNMP
Installation Overview This section explains how to install AWE units.You will first assemble, configure and test units in a controlled environment so that any problems can be solved easily, and then install units in the field. By going through this process, you will ensure a successful installation, save time spent on-site, and reduce travel from site to site. The following basic process should be followed.
Installation Checking the Shipping Contents Check the contents of each AWE shipping package to ensure that you have received all the materials. Note that there are two possible packages available for units shipped with or without an integrated antenna.Verify the package type you ordered and refer to the appropriate list(s) below.
1 Obtain Network Plan 1 Obtain Network Plan The network plan describes the network in detail, including the following.
Installation Antenna and Power Connections Top View Detail Indoor Antenna To LAN To radio Coaxial Cable Power / Ethernet port SMA to N-type Adaptor Antenna port Power Adaptor Power Inserter Power / Ethernet Cable 2.
3 Configure Units 3 Configure Units This section describes how to configure a base station and a remote unit, which are the basic units required for a point-to-point wireless link. Once you have configured and tested this basic equipment, you can configure and test all remaining units. See Configuration , page 29 for detailed information about configuration settings. Configuring a Base Station When you configure a unit as a base station, you need to perform the following tasks.
Installation 2. Start HyperTerminal® (see Appendix B: Using HyperTerminal , page 149 for details) or another terminal emulation program such as Tera Term™. Use the following communication settings: 9600 bps, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no flow control. 3. Press Enter. The AWE 120-58 Login window is displayed. Wi-LAN AWE 120-58 Login S/N: MAC Address: Software: Hardware: Serial-Number 001030000000 Rev 4.0.0 (Apr 20 2002 10:13:37) Rev 4.0.0 (4MB SDRAM, 2MB Intel Flash) Enter Password: 4.
3 Configure Units 6. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration and press Enter. The Radio Module Configuration window is displayed. H - Help Radio Module Configuration New Current Station Type -> Remote Unit Remote Unit Station Rank (1-1000) 1 1 Center Frequency (57410-58338) 5.7874 GHz 5.
Installation • Select Save Current Config to Flash and press Enter.The new settings are stored in flash memory and displayed on the menu. The word Success appears on the screen. 9. Press Esc to go back to the Main Menu. 10. Select Logout to exit or press Esc. Note: At this time you may want to finish configuring the base station according to the network plan. See Configuration , page 29 for instructions about viewing and changing various settings.
3 Configure Units H - Help Radio Module Configuration New Current Station Type -> Remote Unit Remote Unit Station Rank (1-1000) 1 1 Center Frequency (57410-58338) 5.7874 GHz 5.
Installation 10. Press Esc to go back to the Main Menu . 11. Select Logout to exit. Note: At this time you may want finish configuring the unit according to your network plan. See Configuration , page 29 for instructions about viewing and changing various settings. 4 Bench Test Units In this section, you will perform the following tasks: • Ensure that a basic RF link exists between a base station and a remote unit. • Test the basic link with Link Monitor and adjust Tx power level.
4 Bench Test Units Basic Test Setup Indoor Antenna Indoor Antenna 2m minimum Coax Adapter Cable Coax Adapter Cable Base Unit Remote Unit 4. Power up the base station. The power LED on the Power Inserter Unit should be GREEN. 5. Power up the remote unit. The power LED on the Power Inserter Unit should be GREEN. Next, you will test the link with the Link Monitor test and adjust the Tx power level to obtain a fade margin of 15–30 dB.
Installation Testing the Link and Adjusting Tx Power A basic RF link is established when the base station and remote unit can receive and transmit data to each another. Once you have established a basic RF link, you test the link by running the Link Monitor test and viewing the link statistics, and you adjust the Tx Power of the base and remote units to obtain a 15–30 dB fade margin. ➧ To test the RF link and adjust Tx power 1. Connect the test PC to the serial port of the base station or remote unit.
4 Bench Test Units information.) The Link Monitor test starts as soon as a non-zero value is entered in the field. 4. From the Main Menu select Link Monitor Display and press Enter. The RF Background Link Monitor Statistics window is displayed. RF Background Link Monitor Statistics Link Monitor Rank Base to Remote BER Remote to Base BER Missed Packet Count Base to Remote Env Power Base to Remote Corr Power Remote to Base Env Power Remote to Base Corr Power 1 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0 27 28 29 30 5.
Installation Performing Simple Network Tests To test units within a simple network you require two AWE 120-58 units, a LAN connection, a PC and a crossover Ethernet cable or hub connection. ➧ To perform a simple network test 1. Connect the Ethernet port of the PC to the base station’s Power Inserter Unit “To LAN” port.You can either connect via a network hub or connect directly using an RJ45 crossover Ethernet cable. 2. Connect the remote unit to the network as described in Step 1.
4 Bench Test Units Using ping and ftp ping From the command line prompt, type: C:> ping IP Address Example: ping 192.163.2.88 ftp To connect to the node, from the DOS prompt, type: C:> ftp IP Address For instructions about using ftp, type “help” at the ftp prompt. ftp> help Follow the instructions. 6. Test all units in the network.
Installation 5 Install Units This section provides some guidelines about installing units in the field. ! WARNING All antennas must be professionally installed following accepted safety, grounding, electrical, and civil engineering standards. ! CAUTION Never operate a unit without an antenna, dummy load, or terminator connected to the antenna port. Operating a unit without an antenna, dummy load, or terminator connected to the antenna port can permanently damage a unit.
6 Test Network Point-to-Multipoint Installation The procedure for installing a point-to-multipoint system is the same as the procedure for installing a pointto-point system. Treat each link in a point-to-multipoint system as a single, point-to-point wireless link.
Installation Network Test Setup Indoor Antenna Indoor Antenna Base Unit Remote Unit Power Inserter Unit To radio To LAN PC LAN 10/100 BaseT HUB PC with LAN analyzer software Preventative Maintenance and Monitoring You should set up a preventative maintenance schedule for your network. Wi-LAN recommends that the following preventative maintenance be performed at least semi-annually. • Regularly run link monitor tests across the network and measure BER and fade margin.
Configuration Overview This section explains how to use the Main Menu to configure and test your AWE unit, and to obtain useful statistical and maintenance information. Main Menu In this section, each item in the Main Menu is described in the order that it appears in the menu. Use the Main Menu and your keyboard keys to select, view or change settings. Some items in the menu simply display information, while others ask you to enter data or make a selection from a list.
Configuration Accessing the Main Menu You can access the Main Menu of a AWE unit with a HyperTerminal ® session (via the Serial port) or a telnet session. Most instructions provided in this chapter assume that you have opened a HyperTerminal session. You can also configure the AWE 120-58 remotely using a standard web browser (see Appendix I: Web page Configuration) or with SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) client. See Appendix D: SNMP , page 157 for information about SNMP.
Accessing the Main Menu 7. Type a default password (user or supervisor) or type your personal password if already have one. Login Account Default Password Privileges User user Read Only Supervisor supervisor Read and Write The Main Menu is displayed. Accessing Units via telnet ➧ To access units via telnet 1.
Configuration Setting VT100 Arrows ➧ To set the VT100 arrows in Microsoft telnet 1. In the active Microsoft telnet 1.0 session, select Terminal, Preferences from the menu bar. The Terminal Preferences window is displayed. 2. Click the VT100 Arrows checkbox. 3. Click OK. The VT100 arrows are enabled in the telnet session. You can now use the keyboard arrow keys to navigate the configuration menus.
Configuring with the Main Menu Configuring with the Main Menu This section describes how to configure units with the Main Menu. Menu items are presented in the order they appear in the menu shown below.
Configuration Example: 1. From the Main Menu place the cursor -> next to RF Station Configuration and press Enter. The RF Station Configuration menu is displayed.
Unit Identification Unit Identification Viewing Unit Identification You can view a unit’s serial number, production date, and MAC address with the Unit Identification menu. The fields are view only and are set at the factory. You can also view the Unit Name/Description, Unit Location, and Contact Name. These fields are optional and can be changed. ➧ To view unit identification information 1. From the Main Menu, select Unit Identification and press Enter. The Unit Identification menu is displayed.
Configuration Assigning Unit Identification Information You can assign a name, location and contact name to units. This information will help you to distinguish units by physical location or by meaningful names rather than station rank only. Unit identification information is optional. ➧ To assign or change unit identification information 1. From the Main Menu, select Unit Identification and press Enter. The Unit Identification menu is displayed.
Hardware/Software Revision Hardware/Software Revision Viewing System Revision Information The System Revision Information window shows the revision information of the unit including memory revision number, memory size, and software revision number. ➧ To view system revision information 1. From the Main Menu, select Hardware/Software Revision and press Enter. The System Revision Information window is displayed. The menu is view only. System Revision Information Hardware ROM Size RAM Size Rev 4.0.
Configuration System Software ROM Images Viewing System Software ROM Images A ROM image is the software that a unit uses to operate. The System Software ROM Images window lists software images currently available in the unit. New images can be loaded into a unit’s Flash ROM from an outside source such as a PC. The example below shows that only the “Factory-Image” is available, however, in the future other images may be available.
System Current Status System Current Status Viewing System Current Status The System Current Status window provides administration information such as the amount of time a unit has been running and login statistics. ➧ To view system current status 1. From the Main Menu, select System Current Status and press Enter. The System Current Status window is displayed. The window is view only.
Configuration Network Configuration Each AWE 120-58 unit in a system must have a valid Internet IP address and subnet mask to communicate via TCP/IP.You will need to know this information to remotely manage units. Viewing Internet IP Addresses and Subnet Mask ➧ To view the Internet IP addresses and subnet mask 1. From the Main Menu, select Network Configuration and press Enter. The Network Configuration menu is displayed.
Network Configuration MAC Address Filtering If enabled, the unit will not transmit packets received from the Ethernet connection over the RF channel if the destination is local Link Status Integrity status for the Ethernet connection. Reported status may be: Failure, or Established Duplex Mode Current duplex type for the Ethernet connection. For normal operation, Half-duplex is shown Speed Current link speed for the Ethernet connection.
Configuration Setting the Internet IP Address ➧ To set the new Internet IP address 1. From the Main Menu, select IP Network Configuration and press Enter. The Network Configuration menu is displayed. H - Help Network Configuration Internet IP Address New IP Address (Reboot Reqd) -> Internet IP Subnet Mask Default Gateway IP Address SNMP NMS Trap IP Address MAC Filter Entry Age Time Minutes (1-60) MAC Address Filtering 192.168.1.100 192.168.1.100 255.255.255.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.
Network Configuration Setting the Default Gateway IP Address You can define the IP address of the system gateway. This address designates the main entry point into the network and is usually in the same subnetwork as the unit IP address. ➧ To set the default gateway IP address 1. From the Network Configuration menu, select Network Configuration. The Network Configuration menu is displayed. 2. Select Default Gateway IP Address and press Enter. The data field highlights. 3.
Configuration Enabling MAC Address Filtering ➧ To enable MAC address filtering 1. From the Network Configuration menu, select MAC Address Filtering and press Enter. The data field highlights. 2. Scroll to choose on or off and press Enter to enable or disable address filtering. 3. Press Esc to save the setting and exit to the Main Menu. 1. From the Main Menu, select IP Filter Configuration and press Enter. The IP Filter Configuration menu is displayed.
IP Filter Configuration IP Filter Configuration off (disabled) All packets are passed on (enabled) Only IP (Internet Protocol) packets and ARP packets can pass off (disabled) Packets from all LAN-side IP addresses can pass on (enabled) Packets from all LAN-side IP addresses are subject to IP filter Default IP Address Filtering Pass Block If IP Address Filtering is off, this item is inactive.
Configuration Viewing IP Filter Configuration ➧ To view current IP filter configuration Two sample configurations below show how IP address-filtering works. Example 1: H - Help IP Filter Configuration IP Packet Filtering IP Address Filtering Default IP Address Filtering -> off on Pass Filter Entry ------------------- Range (0-255) ------------------- Base Address State ------------------------------------- 1 100 192.168.1.1 Block 2 10 192.168.1.
IP Filter Configuration . H - Help IP Filter Configuration IP Packet Filtering IP Address Filtering Default IP Address Filtering -> off on Block Filter Entry ------------------- Range (0-255) ------------------- Base Address ------------------- State ------------------- 1 50 192.168.1.1 Pass 2 10 192.168.1.21 Block 3 10 192.168.1.101 Pass 4 2 192,168.1.105 Block 5 10 192.168.1.
Configuration Enabling IP Packet Filtering IP Packet filtering should initially be set to off so you can start from a known state and observe changes that result from using the IP packet filter. ➧ To enable or disable IP packet filtering 1. From the IP Filter Configuration menu, select IP Packet Filtering and press Enter. The data field highlights.
IP Filter Configuration Setting Up IP Address Filter ➧ To set up an IP address filter 1. From the IP Filter Configuration menu, select Range in the Filter Entry 1 row and press Enter. The data field in the Range column highlights. H - Help IP Filter Configuration IP Packet Filtering IP Address Filtering Default IP Address Filtering Filter Entry ------------------- Range (0-255) ------------------- -> off on Pass Base Address ------------------- State ------------------- 1 -> 100 0.0.0.
Configuration VLAN Configuration The VLAN Configuration menu provides links to sub-menus, each managing a subset of configurable VLAN parameters. These sub-menus include: Port Configuration,VLAN Registration Configuration, MAC Address Filter Configuration, Traffic Class Configuration, and Spanning Tree Configuration. A description of each submenu is provided below. Viewing VLAN Configuration ➧ To view the main VLAN configuration menu 1. From the Main Menu menu, select VLAN Configuration and press Enter.
VLAN Configuration 1. From the VLAN Configuration menu, select Port Configuration and press Enter. The Port Configuration menu is displayed.
Configuration Press Esc to exit the menu Setting the Default VLAN ID ➧ To set the default VLAN ID 1. From the Port Configuration menu, select Default VLAN ID in the Port Configuration menu and press Enter. The data field in the Range column highlights.
VLAN Configuration Setting the Port Priority ➧ To set a port priority 1. From the Port Configuration menu, select Priority for the desired port and press Enter. H - Help Port Configuration Default VLAN ID (1-4094) Port Settings ------------Link Type Priority (0-7) Acceptable Frames Ingress Enabled Egress Enabled 1 Ethernet Port ------------- Access -> 0 All Off Off RF Port ------------Access 0 All Off Off 2. Type the priority setting (0-7) and press Enter. 3.
Configuration Enabling Port Ingress Filtering ➧ To enable ingress filtering on a port 1. From the Port Configuration menu, select Ingress Enabled for the desired port and press Enter. H - Help Port Configuration Default VLAN ID (1-4094) Port Settings ------------Link Type Priority (0-7) Acceptable Frames Ingress Enabled Egress Enabled 1 Ethernet Port ------------- Access 0 All -> On Off RF Port ------------Access 0 All Off Off 2. Scroll to On and Press Enter. 3.
VLAN Configuration VLAN Registration Configuration The VLAN Registration Configuration menu enables you to create, modify or delete entries in the VLAN Registration table as well as to specify this unit’s participation in the GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP). The VLAN Registration table is used to define the sets of VLANs that can be reached (or alternatively cannot be reached) through individual ports of the unit. It is referenced by the following processes: 1.
Configuration Creating/Modifying a VLAN Registration Entry ➧ To create or modify an entry in the VLAN Registration Table 1. From the VLAN Registration Configuration menu, select Create or Modify a VLAN and press Enter. H - Help Registration Configuration GARP VLAN Registration Status Off Create or Modify a VLAN Delete VLAN(s) Show all VLANs -> Press Enter To Execute Press Enter To Execute Press Enter To Execute 2.
VLAN Configuration 3. Select Create/Modify VLAN and press Enter. A status field will display indicating whether the entry was created. H - Help Create/Modify a VLAN VLAN ID (1-4094) -> 1 Ethernet Port Registration Ethernet Port Tagging RF Port Registration RF Port Tagging Normal Untagged Normal Untagged Create/Modify VLAN -> Press Enter to Execute 4. Press Esc to exit to the VLAN Configuration Menu.
Configuration 3. Select Delete VLAN and press Enter if only one VLAN is to be removed. Otherwise, select Delete All VLANs and Press Enter. A status field will display, indicating the status of the request issued 4. Press Esc to exit to the VLAN Configuration Menu. Displaying the VLAN Registration Table ➧ To view the current VLAN Registration Table 1. From the VLAN Registration Configuration menu, select Show all VLAN(s) and press Enter.
VLAN Configuration 1. From the VLAN Configuration menu, select MAC Address Filter Configuration and press Enter. The following menu is displayed: H - Help MAC Address Filter Configuration Create or Modify a MAC Address Filter Delete MAC Address Filter(s) Show All MAC Address Filters Press Enter To Execute Press Enter To Execute Press Enter To Execute Create or Modify a MAC Address Filter Create a new entry in the MAC Address Filter Table or modify an existing one.
Configuration Port Membership (Ethernet/RF) Forward Packets with a destination MAC address matching the MAC filter address are forwarded on the given port Filter Packets with a destination MAC address matching the MAC filter address are filtered on the given port Create/Modify the MAC Filter Update the MAC Filter Table in the permanent database. A reboot is required to update the active configuration 3. Select Create/Modify the MAC Filter and press Enter.
VLAN Configuration All MAC Address Filter entries in the permanent database (if any) are removed, regardless of the MAC Address specified above Delete All MAC Filters 3. Select Delete MAC Filter and press Enter if only one entry is to be removed. Otherwise, select Delete All MAC Filters and Press Enter. A status field will display, indicating the status of the request issued 4. Press Esc to exit to the VLAN Configuration Menu.
Configuration ➧ To view the Traffic Class Configuration menu 1. From the VLAN Configuration menu, select Traffic Class Configuration and press Enter. The following menu is displayed: H - Help Traffic Class Configuration User Priority ------------0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ethernet Port -------------> Low Low Low Low High High High High RF Port -----------Low Low Low Low High High High High User Priority The packet priority. An inbound packet may contain a priority in the range 0-7.
VLAN Configuration In most cases, this unit need not be a participant in the Spanning Tree Protocol. This is further explained below. ➧ To view the Spanning Tree Configuration menu 1. From the VLAN Configuration menu, select Spanning Tree Configuration and press Enter.
Configuration Forwarding This port learns and transmits packets on this port. If this unit does not participate in the Spanning Tree Protocol, each port state is set to this value This is the “root” bridge in the existing network (if this unit is a participant).
VLAN Configuration Setting the Bridge Priority ➧ To set the Bridge Priority 1. From the Spanning Tree Configuration menu, select Bridge Priority and press Enter. The data field highlights.
Configuration 1. From the Spanning Tree Configuration menu, select (Ethernet/RF) Port Priority and press Enter. The data field highlights. H - Help Spanning Tree Configuration Spanning Tree Status On Bridge Priority (0-65535) 32768 Ethernet Port Priority (0-255) Ethernet Port Path Cost (1-65535) RF Port Priority (0-255) RF Port Path Cost (1-65535) -> 128 128 128 128 Read-only Parameters Ethernet Port State RF Port State Forwarding Forwarding Root MAC Address 00103000000 2.
RF Station Configuration RF Station Configuration The RF Station Configuration menu enables you to choose the operating mode, run some tests and optimize the RF link. Four tests can be run from this menu: link monitor test, transmit test, and receive test.You can optimize a link by setting the maximum remote distance to a remote and by controlling the rate of data throughput (throttling).You can also block a unit so that it cannot pass any data.
Configuration Test Mode Timer Minutes Maximum time in minutes that a unit will be allowed to stay in test mode Maximum Remote Distance Distance value compensates for polling delay due to large distances Link Monitor Remote Station Rank Rank (or ID number) of the remote that you want to test Throttle Enable Turns throttling (data throughput control) on or off Throttle Level Determines the data rate of a remote unit.
RF Station Configuration General Equipment Setup The general equipment setup is shown below. The actual setup depends on which test you want to run and how you want to run it.You will need at least one PC to perform the Link Monitor, Transmit, and Receive tests. • To perform the Link Monitor (Normal Mode) test you will connect a PC to either the base station or a remote unit and run the Link Monitor test.You may then read the link statistics on the PC screen.
Configuration ➧ To set the operating mode 1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration and press Enter. The RF Station Configuration menu is displayed.
RF Station Configuration Setting Test Mode Timer Minutes Before you run any of these tests, you should set the maximum time, in minutes, that a unit will be allowed to stay in test mode. When this time period expires, the AWE unit performs an automatic software reboot and returns to Normal mode. (Test mode timer minutes setting applies only to Transmit Test and Receive Test modes.) Note: The test mode timer minutes can be changed only with this menu.
Configuration Performing Link Monitor Test (Normal Mode) The link monitor test can be run from either a base station or a remote unit that is set to Normal Mode. The test operates in parallel with the message stream, so it consumes some of the link’s total data capacity.You can control the ratio of test data to message data (and thereby control the amount of test data overhead) by setting the link monitor period. See Setting the Link Monitor Period , page 78 for more information.
RF Station Configuration 11. View the link statistics. From the Main Menu select Link Monitor Display and press Enter. The RF Link Monitor Statistics window is displayed. H - Help RF Link Monitor Statistics Link Monitor Rank Base to Remote BER Remote to Base BER Missed Packet Count Base to Remote Env Power Base to Remote Corr Power Remote to Base Env Power Remote to Base Corr Power 1 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0 27 28 29 30 12. Check for BER = 0.0E+00 and Corr Power between 15 – 50 dB.
Configuration 3. Select RF Station Configuration and press Enter. The RF Station Configuration menu is displayed.
RF Station Configuration 12. Check for BER = 0.0E+00 and Corr Power between 15 – 50 dB. If the Corr Power is <15 dB the receive signal is probably too weak. If the power is >55 dB the receiving unit is probably saturated. See Viewing Link Monitor Statistics , page 126 for more information about Link Monitor Statistics.
Configuration Link Statistics Example Previous Sample - BER = 0.0E+00, MPC = | BER = 0.0E+00, MPC = 0, EnvP = 63, CorrP = 63 0, EnvP = 63, CorrP = 63 Current Sample Bit Error Rate Missed Packet Count Envelope Power Correlation Power BER Bit Error Rate MPC Missed Packet Count EnvP Envelope Power—the power of the received signal including noise, measured in dB (0–63) CorrP Correlation Power—the power of the received signal, excluding noise, measured in dB (0–63) 6. Check for BER = 0.
RF Station Configuration Setting the RF Transmit Status This setting can block a unit (or link) from carrying data traffic. It is used to disable units and to discontinue service to customers, if necessary. ➧ To set RF transmit status 1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration and press Enter. The RF Station Configuration menu is displayed.
Configuration Setting the Link Monitor Period The Link Monitor Period determines the ratio of test data to message data that is sent when you run the link monitor test. The higher the period number, the smaller the ratio of test data to message data. The following diagram shows the ratios of test data to link data Link Monitor Period Settings Packet Ratio (Test/Link) Period Setting 1 Test Msg 2 Test Msg 3 Test Msg 50% (1/2) 33.
RF Station Configuration 1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration and press Enter. The RF Station Configuration menu is displayed. H - Help RF Station Configuration Operating Mode RF Transmit Status Link Monitor Period (0=OFF, 1-10000) Test Mode Timer Minutes (1-1000) 2. 3. 4. 5.
Configuration 1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration and press Enter. The RF Station Configuration menu is displayed. H - Help RF Station Configuration Operating Mode RF Transmit Status Link Monitor Period (0=OFF, 1-10000) Test Mode Timer (1-1000)mins Base Station Only Parameters Maximum Remote Distance Link Monitor Remote Station Rank 2. 3. 4. 5.
RF Station Configuration Setting Link Monitor Remote Station Rank When you run the Link Monitor Test from a base station, you need to specify the rank (ID number) of the remote that you want to test. When you run the link monitor test from a remote, there is only one base, so the rank number does not need to be entered. ➧ To set the link monitor remote station rank 1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration and press Enter. The RF Station Configuration menu is displayed.
Configuration Adjusting Throttling (Remote Station Only) Throttling enables you to control the rate that data passes though a remote, so data throughput can be adjusted to make the data rate compatible with the rest of the system. Throttling restricts the flow of data from air to wire or from wire to air. When throttling is enabled, the amount of data passed is equal to the throttling level times 64 kbps, to a maximum of 6.4 Mbps.
RF Station Configuration Setting Tx Power Automatically (Remote Station Only) Output Power Control Mode can be used to adjust a remote unit’s Tx power automatically. Three different modes are available: off mode is selected to run Link Monitor in the usual manner (where Link Monitor tests the link and collects statistical information). Automatic Output Power mode tests the link (with Link Monitor) and automatically adjusts Tx power up or down based on measurements taken when the mode is selected.
Configuration level by one dB and runs Link Monitor. This process repeats until a power level occurs where no bit errors occur and power level is lowest. This level is the minimum power level required for operation and is displayed numerically by Current Output Power Level Adjust on the screen. When the unit reaches this level, Tx Power (seen on the Radio Module Configuration screen) is automatically reset to the new level.
RF Station Configuration ➧ To set the output power mode 1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration and press Enter. The RF Station Configuration menu is displayed.
Configuration Adjusting User Output Power Ceiling (Remote Station Only) The output power ceiling is used to limit the maximum output transmit power of a remote unit. The value entered cannot exceed the factory-set default value. ➧ To adjust the user output power ceiling 1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration and press Enter. The RF Station Configuration menu is displayed..
RF Station Configuration Setting Signal Margin (Remote Station Only) The signal margin is the extra transmit power (measured in dB) desired for a remote unit with respect to the base station noise floor. This value is used by Output Power Control test modes to set the transmit power. For example, if set to 10 dB, an Output Power Control test mode will attempt to adjust the output transmit power to a level at which the received signal at the base station is 10 dB greater than receiver sensitivity threshold.
Configuration Viewing Current Output Power Level Adjust Current Output Power Level Adjust is a view-only information. It displays the current power level adjustment, which was initially set using Tx Power Level Adjust. See Adjusting the Tx Power Level , page 101. This power level will be adjusted automatically when running one of the automatic power adjustment modes. See Setting Tx Power Automatically (Remote Station Only) , page 83. ➧ To view the current output power 1.
Radio Module Configuration Radio Module Configuration The Radio Module Configuration menu is used to change several key parameters, including station type, station rank, and security passwords. Because these settings can affect service, they are changed in three progessive stages: new, current, and flash. (New and current are for temporary storage, while flash is for long-term storage.) The general procedure for changing settings with the Radio Module Configuration menu follows. 1.
Configuration 1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration and press Enter. The Radio Module Configuration menu is displayed. H - Help Radio Module Configuration New Current Station Type -> Remote Unit Remote Unit Station Rank (1-1000) 1 1 Center Frequency (57410-58338) 5.7874 GHz 5.
Radio Module Configuration Remote Unit RF Group Identifies the group number of the remote unit Remote units with same RF group number can communicate directly with each other Reboot new RF configuration Reboots unit to save New settings as Current settings Save Current Config to Flash Stores current settings in flash memory 2. Press Esc to exit to the Main Menu.
Configuration Setting Config Test Minutes When changing Radio Module Configuration settings, you may enter settings that cause a unit or system to not function as expected. If this happens, you can return to the last-saved settings if you first set the Config Test Minutes test period . When this test period expires, the unit automatically reboots and returns to its last-saved flash memory settings. The time period can be fixed from 1 to 120 minutes. Tip: To begin, enter a time period of 30 minutes.
Radio Module Configuration Setting the Station Type Each unit must be set up as either a base station or a remote station. In a given system there is only one base station, but there can be numerous remote stations. (A base station can also be set up as a repeater base.) You define the unit as a base station or remote unit by setting the Station Type. ➧ To set the station type 1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration and press Enter. The Radio Module Configuration menu is displayed.
Configuration Setting the Station Rank Station Rank is defined two different ways, which depend on the station type: For a base station, rank is the total number of remotes that a base will poll. For a remote unit, rank is a unique polling ID number that identifies a remote to a base station. When it polls remotes, the base station begins polling at the remote with rank number 1, then proceeds to the remote with rank number 2, then goes to the remote with rank number 3, and so on.
Radio Module Configuration Setting the Center Frequency A center frequency defines the RF channel that a unit uses to transmit and receive. The AWE 120-58 can operate at a center frequency ranging from 5.7410 GHz to 5.8338 GHz, in 400 kHz steps. All units in the same system must be set to the same center frequency. If you plan to co-locate AWE 120-58 systems, you will need to use more than one center frequency.You will choose center frequencies that are well-separated from each other.
Configuration Some examples of center frequency separation and performance ratings are provided below. Excellent Good Fair Poor These examples show that there is no benefit to separating the center frequencies of adjacent systems by more than 66 MHz. 48 MHz of center frequency separation is more than adequate in most cases. Separation of 33MHz is adequate for strong RF links, but weak signals will be degraded by the overlap of the side-lobes into the data region.
Radio Module Configuration ➧ To set the center frequency 1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration and press Enter. The Radio Module Configuration menu is displayed. H - Help Radio Module Configuration New Current Station Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Station Rank (1-1000) 1 1 Center Frequency (57410-58338) -> 5.7874 GHz 5.
Configuration Setting Security Passwords Passwords are always exchanged between units when they communicate with each other. A set of five security passwords is assigned to each unit. Each password may be up to 8 digits long in hexadecimal.The set of passwords must be exactly the same for all units in a system. (A convenient, but non-secure option is to set all passwords to “0”.) The more password levels you use, the greater the security of your system.
Radio Module Configuration Setting the Scrambling Code To protect the privacy of a wireless link, units can scramble messages—the message content is rearranged so that messages are difficult to read by unintended receivers. The scrambling code determines how messages are scrambled by a unit. Only units with the same scrambling code as the originating unit can de-scramble and read the message. The scrambling code can be 0-32 bits long.
Configuration Setting the Acquisition Code An acquisition code is a unique code contained within the preamble of a transmitted message. Units search the air for messages that begin with a particular acquisition code. Messages without the correct code are treated as interference and are rejected by a unit. Messages with the correct code are accepted and processed.
Radio Module Configuration Adjusting the Tx Power Level Tx Power Level Adjust enables you to reduce the transmit power output level by up to 31 dB. For example, selecting a value of 0 sets the transmit power to maximum power, while selecting a value of –31 sets the transmit power to 31 dB below maximum power. The Tx power you set is the initial value only if you decide to set Tx power automatically–the power level resets automatically during the test.
Configuration Setting a Base to Repeater Mode (Base Station Only) When repeater mode is enabled at a base station (Repeater Mode = on), the base acts as a repeater in addition to performing its normal base station functions. As a repeater, the base station receives incoming messages from remotes, stores them and broadcasts them to all remotes within RF range. Remotes belonging to the same RF group (with the same RF Group number) can communicate via the repeater.
Radio Module Configuration ➧ To set base to repeater mode 1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration and press Enter.The Radio Module Configuration menu is displayed. H - Help Radio Module Configuration New Current Station Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Station Rank (1-1000) 1 1 Center Frequency (57410-58338) 5.7874 GHz 5.
Configuration Setting System Symmetry Type (Base Station Only) System symmetry type fixes the priority of the base unit when it polls remotes. The default “asymmetric” setting allots the base one time slot for each time a remote is polled—this setting is useful when the base is the access point to a large network. The “symmetric” setting allots the base one time slot per polling cycle . A symmetric system gives the base station the same polling priority as a remote unit. ➧ To set system symmetry type 1.
Radio Module Configuration Setting Dynamic Polling Level (Base Station Only) Dynamic polling improves system performance by reducing overhead due to idle remote units. A base station automatically learns which remote stations are active and which are idle. The base station waits a brief time period for a remote to respond to a poll.The remote either does not respond to the poll, or it responds with a negative acknowledgement. The base then considers the remote to be idle.
Configuration Setting Remote Unit RF Group The RF Group setting enables you to determine which units in a system can communicate with each other.
Radio Module Configuration A repeater is used to bypass obstacles that block the RF path (for example, a mountain). When a base station is set to repeater mode (Repeater Mode = on), it can pass data from remotes in an RF group to other remotes in the same group. A system with a repeater is a closed system. Example 3 shows a repeater with four remotes. All the remotes are in the same RF Group 4, so they can talk to each other via the repeater base.
Configuration ➧ To set remote unit RF group 1. From the Main Menu, select RF Module Configuration and press Enter. The menu is displayed. H - Help Radio Module Configuration New Current Station Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Station Rank (1-1000) 1 1 Center Frequency (57410-58338) 5.7874 GHz 5.
Radio Module Configuration Rebooting and Saving RF Module Configurations Because changes to radio module configuration settings can affect service in a wireless system, changes are made in three progessive stages: new, current, and flash. New Intended configuration changes. Temporary memory storage. Current Configuration actually running on the unit. Temporary memory storage. Flash Configuration stored in FLASH memory. Long-term memory storage.
Configuration ➧ To save current configuration to FLASH 1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration and press Enter. The Radio Module Configuration menu is displayed. H - Help Radio Module Configuration New Current Station Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Station Rank (1-1000) 1 1 Center Frequency (57410-58338) 5.7874 GHz 5.
RF/Ethernet Statistics RF/Ethernet Statistics Ethernet and RF statistics are useful for troubleshooting, monitoring link performance, and measuring throughput. Ethernet and RF statistics are cumulative and increment until reset. The window is view only. See Resetting Radio and Ethernet Statistics , page 125 for information about resetting RF/Ethernet statistics. Viewing RF/Ethernet Statistics ➧ To view RF and Ethernet statistics 1. From the Main Menu, select RF/Ethernet Statistics and press Enter.
Configuration RF Super Frame Rx RF Receive Ethernet Receive .
Number of Ethernet packets transmitted onto the Ethernet connection Packets From Local Host Number of Ethernet packets transmitted onto the Ethernet connection which originated from the AWE unit’s TCP/IP stack Packets Dropped Number of Ethernet packets not transmitted due to some error, for example, unable to transmit within 15 retries or underflow error Total KBytes Transmitted Total number of kbytes transmitted from the Ethernet port (broadcast and non-broadcast packets) Broadcast KBytes Transmitte
Configuration System Security The System Security menu is used to control access to a AWE unit, including the following: • Restrict access to a unit’s Main Menu with passwords • Restrict SNMP read and write access with SNMP Community Name • Enable or disable remote access via Ethernet • Enable or disable remote access via a wireless link • Determine the amount of time that a unit remains idle before it automatically logs out. Viewing System Security ➧ To view system security settings 1.
System Security Wireless Access to Local Host Allows remote access to unit to change configuration settings via RF link with telnet or SNMP Auto Logout Minutes Maximum time the system can remain idle before the configuration menus close and the Login menu reappears 2. Press Esc to exit to the Main Menu.
Configuration Assigning Community Names Community names can be used to control SNMP access to the AWE. Community Name 1 has read only access, and Community Name 2 has both read and write access.
System Security Setting Menu Passwords You can use passwords to control access to the Main Menu. The default passwords are user, which allows you to read configuration settings and supervisor, which allows you to change configuration settings. ! CAUTION The default passwords are printed in all customer documents distributed by Wi-LAN. It is the responsibility of the customer to change the default passwords to unique passwords during installation. Record all password changes.
Configuration ➧ To change the supervisor password 1. From the Main Menu, select System Security and press Enter. The System Security menu is displayed.
System Security Allowing Remote Access and Configuration One way to control remote access to a unit’s configuration menu is by restricting the type of link that can be used to make remote configuration changes.The default setting is to allow remote configuration changes with both wired and wireless links using telnet or SNMP. However, you can enable or disable the type of link independently with two settings: Ethernet Access to Local Host and Wireless Access to Local Host.
Configuration Setting the Auto Logout Minutes You can specify the maximum time the system can remain idle before the configuration menus close and the Login menu reappears. This feature ensures that the configuration menus close if a user forgets to exit. Note: When the menus automatically timeout, the system may appear to be frozen. Press Enter to view the Login menu, where you can login to the Main Menu. ➧ To set the automatic logout timeout period 1.
System Commands System Commands System image files contain the software that runs the unit. When you first power up the AWE unit, it runs from the factory-image. With the System Commands menu you can choose the image file that a unit uses to power up, and the image file that a unit uses when rebooted. Viewing System Command Menu ➧ To view system security settings 1. From the Main Menu, select System Commands and press Enter. The System Commands menu is displayed.
Configuration Setting Default System Image The default image is the image file that a unit uses when it powers up. If you have more than one image saved on a unit, you can choose the default power up file. ➧ To set the default image 1. From the Main Menu, select System Commands and press Enter. The System Commands menu is displayed.
System Commands Setting the Reboot System Image You can choose the system image that a unit uses when it is rebooted. ➧ To choose the reboot image 1. From the Main Menu, select System Commands and press Enter. The System Commands menu is displayed.
Configuration Restoring Factory Configurations If necessary, you can restore the unit to its original factory configuration. This command puts the unit into a known state, which can help you when troubleshooting, and also provides an easy way to remove custom configuration settings when you deinstall a unit. Important When you restore factory configurations, the login passwords reset automatically to default values (user and supervisor). ➧ To restore the factory configuration 1.
System Commands Resetting Radio and Ethernet Statistics The statistics displayed in the RF/Ethernet Statistics window are cumulative, but can be reset to track specific events and for troubleshooting. (See Viewing RF/Ethernet Statistics , page 111 for information about viewing the statistics). For example, a suspected RF problem can be diagnosed by resetting the radio statistics and simulating the situation suspected of causing the problem. ➧ To reset radio statistics 1.
Configuration Link Monitor Display Viewing Link Monitor Statistics Link performance statistics such as envelope power, correlation power and bit error rate can be viewed while the link monitor is running. Statistics are only available on the unit running the link monitor test. The window is view only. ➧ To view link monitor statistics 1. From the Main Menu, select Link Monitor Display. The RF Link Monitor Statistics window is displayed. The window is view only.
Logout Logout Logging Out There are two ways to log out of the main menu. ➧ To log out of the Main Menu From the Main Menu, select Logout and press Enter. or 1. Press the Esc key on the keyboard until you reach the wilan command line. Enter ESC to return to Main Menu wilan> logout 2. Type logout at the wilan> prompt. 3. Press Enter to log out.
Configuration Command Line Interface You can perform some basic commands with the command line interface. Type commands from the prompt. ➧ To use the command line interface 1. Log in to the AWE unit. The Main Menu is displayed. 2. Press Esc. The wilan> prompt appears. wilan> 3. Type the command after the prompt and press Enter. 4. Press Esc to return to the Main Menu. The following are some commands you can run with the command line interface.
Troubleshooting Administrative Best Practices By performing some administrative best practices and preventative maintenance, you can prevent many problems with your system, or become aware of minor problems before they become serious ones. Wi-LAN recommends the following practices. • Maintain the integrity of the system design when adding or changing a system. The introduction of new elements to a system can cause problems unless the network plan is revised to take into account the changes.
Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Areas There are five key areas to be aware of when troubleshooting. Network Integrity: Continued performance and reliability of a network depends upon maintaining the integrity of the network. If you change a network’s design, you will affect its operation. Be aware of recent changes to your network. Quality of RF link: Data communication depends first on the quality of the RF link.
Troubleshooting Areas Troubleshooting Chart Indication Possible Cause Suggested Corrective Actions High BER Signal strength is too low Perform RSSI test to determine fade margin Align or change antennas or cables Ensure LOS between antennas Signal strength is too high Adjust antennas Increase distance between units Interference Change center frequency Increase RF power Change polarization of antennas Physically isolate antenna from source of interference or change physical location of antenna Bad
Troubleshooting Indication High packet loss No communication between units Possible Cause Suggested Corrective Actions No Fresnel zone clearance Increase antenna height to obtain clearance Relocate antenna Remove obstacles to LOS (line of sight) Use repeater base configuration Power supply problems Try a different AC circuit Measure the power at the AC outlet Measure the output from the power supply unit Replace the power supply unit Signal strength too low Check for LOS between antennas Check fo
Troubleshooting Areas Indication Possible Cause Suggested Corrective Actions IP address/subnet mask–Incorrectly configured IP addresses will result in units being unable to communicate Check that IP addresses are unique for each unit within a subnet and the correct subnet mask is being used Antenna or cable failure or damage Visually inspect antenna and cables for damage Sweep antenna and cables Replace antenna or cables Polling sequence Check polling round number.
Troubleshooting Indication Possible Cause Suggested Corrective Actions Unit will not operate Faulty unit Bench test unit Corrupt unit software Reload unit software Throttling level Check if throttling is correctly configured Center frequency Set units from different systems in the same geographic area to different center frequencies—overlapping wavelengths from other systems will degrade performance Overpowering co-located unit Output power from one unit can overpower another co-located radio,
Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link To ensure an effective and reliable wireless link, you first need to perform some network planning. This section provides some general guidelines for planning a wireless link, including the following: • Planning the physical layout of your system • Determining antenna and cable requirements • Determining configuration settings for units • Calculating a link budget Planning the Physical Layout You need to plan the physical layout of your wireless system.
Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link Measure the Distance Between Units Use a mapping method or GPS (global positioning system) to measure the distance between the base station and each remote, and check the radio path to identify any obstructions in the LOS path between the two antennas. Due to the high frequency and low output power permitted in the ISM bands, no obstructions can exist between the base station and the remote unit.
Determining Unit Configuration Settings Determining Unit Configuration Settings Configuration settings of units should be determined before installation to ensure easy installation and to reduce installation costs. An information sheet should be prepared for each unit that specifies the basic configuration settings of that unit.
Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link Variable Description Fresnel Radius Distance around line-of-sight that must be clear of obstacles Cable Loss Signal loss experienced as it passes through the coaxial cable, expressed in dB Path Loss Total loss from one end of the path to the other. Includes propagation losses, cable losses and any other losses that impact the system performance Each variable is described below.
Calculating a Link Budget Antenna Gain To ensure the best range and interference suppression, the external antenna should be directional, focusing the radio energy in one direction (toward the other end of the link) rather than onmi-directional. Use of a directional antenna also reduces interference from other systems operating at the same frequency. Note: In some situations, you may want to use an omni-directional antenna in your system design.
Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link For the 5.8 GHz band, the approximate Fresnel Radius is calculated as follows. Formula: Fresnel Radius (meters)= 2.2 d km + ( d km ⁄ 8.12 ) 2 Cable Loss Cable and connector losses affect the operation of the wireless link and therefore should be kept to a minimum by minimizing cable lengths and carefully selecting the type of cable.
Link Budget Example Link Budget Example System Gain + Antenna Gain ≥ Propagation Loss + Desired Fade Margin + Cable Losses + Connector Losses Formulas: or Actual Fade Margin ≥ System Gain + Antenna Gain – Propagation Loss – Cable Losses – Connector Losses and Actual Fade Margin ≥ Desired Fade Margin where: System Gain = Tx Power – Rx Sensitivity Antenna Gains = Tx Antenna Gain + Rx Antenna Gain Cable Losses = Base Cable Losses + Remote Cable Losses Connector Losses = Base System Connector Losses + Remote
Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link Antenna Basics Antennas focus and absorb radio energy in specific directions, depending on their design. AWE 120-58 antennas must be tuned to 5.7250 – 5.8500 GHz. This section contains basic information about antenna parameters and how to select and install antennas for use in your wireless system. Antenna characteristics, mounting location, and correct operation of antennas are critical to a wireless link.
Antenna Basics Parameter Description XPD • Polarity and Cross-Polarization Discrimination (XPD) • Antennas have an associated polarity, which is the orientation of the radiating element with respect to earth • Antennas are usually described as vertical, horizontal, or circularly polarized. The polarity of all antennas used in a system must be the same • Cross-Polarization Discrimination specifies the signal isolation achieved when the receiving element is perpendicular to the radiating element.
Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link Wi-LAN Approved Antennas Antennas must be selected from the following list of Wi-LAN approved antennas. Antennas must be connected using transmission cables having the specified minimum lengths. Antenna Description Number 5.8 GHz Cushcraft directional planar Gain (dBi) S57212AMP 12 Note: 1 One of the following cables with the specified minimum length must be connected to the antenna: 5.8 GHz European 55 degree H-sector 1 SA17-55H/449 1 17 5.
Antenna Basics Antenna Installation Factors Some factors you should consider when installing antennas into your wireless system are listed below.
Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link Minimal Clearance Above Obstructions For the AWE 120-58, the absolute minimum clearance above obstructions requirements are as follows (in meters): 2.2 m × d km @ 5.8 GHz Some example clearance requirements for 5.8 GHz links follow. Distance (km) Clearance (m) Distance (miles) Clearance (ft) 0.5 1.6 0.5 6.5 1 2.2 1 9.3 2 3.2 2 13.3 3 3.9 3 16.7 5 5.2 5 22.6 8 6.9 8 31.3 10 8.0 10 37.3 15 10.8 15 54.
Antenna Basics Fine-tuning Antennas You can fine-tune the antennas by physically moving the antenna. When the remote antenna is correctly aligned, the Air LED is orange, indicating communication with the base station.You can use the Receive and Transmit Tests to test the link while adjusting the antennas to minimize BER and lost packets and maximize received power.You can use the RSSI Test to maximize RSSI. Once antennas are adjusted to maximize performance, secure them properly to the support structures.
Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link 148 AWE 120-58 User Guide
Appendix B: Using HyperTerminal The Windows 95/98 operating system includes a terminal emulation program called HyperTerminal ®.You can use this program to access the AWE 120-58 configuration menus through the Serial port on the front of the unit. Note: Users of the Asian version of Windows can use Tera Term™ shareware (available on the Internet) to configure the AWE 120-58. Starting HyperTerminal To start HyperTerminal 1.
Appendix B: Using HyperTerminal 10. In the ASCII Sending area, choose the following settings. Send line ends with line feeds Clear the checkbox Echo typed characters locally Clear the checkbox Line delay Type 0 Character delay Type 0 11. In the ASCII Receiving area, do the following. Append line feeds to incoming line ends Click to select the checkbox Force incoming data to 7-bit ASCII Clear the checkbox Wrap lines that exceed terminal width Click to select the checkbox 12. Click OK.
Appendix C: Configuring a Simple Data Network This section describes how to set up a simple network to perform file transfers between two computers.You need to perform the following tasks. • Check the Network Adaptor Installation • Configure the Network • Enable the Sharing Feature on the Hard Disk Drive Checking Network Adaptor Installation To check the network adaptor installation 1. From Windows® choose the Start menu, select Settings, Control Panel. The Control Panel window is displayed. 2.
Appendix C: Configuring a Simple Data Network Configuring the Network To configure the network 1. In the Control Panel window, double-click the Network icon. The Network window is displayed.
Configuring the Network 2. In the list of network components area, double-click Client for Microsoft Networks. The Client for Microsoft Networks Properties window is displayed. Note: If Client for Microsoft Networks is not listed, click Add and select Client, Add, Microsoft, Client for Microsoft Networks, and then click OK. 3. In the Client for Microsoft Networks Properties window, do the following tasks.
Appendix C: Configuring a Simple Data Network 5. In the Network window, double-click TCP/IP. The TCP/IP Properties window is displayed. Note: If TCP/IP is not listed in the Network window, click Add and select Protocol, Add, Microsoft,TCP/ IP, and then click OK. 6. Click the IP Address tab. 7. Click Specify an IP Address, and type the following. 8. 9. 10. 11. IP Address 196.2.2.1 Note: Increment the last digit by 1 (i.e. type 196.2.2.2) when configuring the second computer Subnet Mask 255.255.255.
Enabling Sharing on the Hard Disk Drive 12. In the Network window, click the Identification tab and type the following. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Computer Name Unique name for each computer. For example, computer 1 and computer 2 Workgroup Workgroup name. For example, Test Note: All computers in the network must have the same workgroup name Computer Description Description of the type of computer used. For example, laptop or desktop In the Network window, click the Access Control tab.
Appendix C: Configuring a Simple Data Network 2. Right-click the hard disk drive icon (typically drive C:), and select Open. The Properties window is displayed. 3. Click the Sharing tab, and choose the following: Shared As Click the radio button Share Name Type C Comment Leave this field blank Access Type Click to select Full Passwords Leave these fields blank 4. Click OK. 5. Repeat this procedure for all PCs in the network.
Appendix D: SNMP About SNMP MIB Three elements are required to use SNMP: agent software, management software and a MIB file. SNMP agent software is contained in every AWE unit. Agent software enables a unit to interpret SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) MIB (Management Information Block) commands. SNMP management software is installed on a networked PC or workstation and enables a network administrator to remotely manage AWE units.
Appendix D: SNMP Wi-LAN Object Identifier Nodes The AWE 120-58 uses SNMP version 1, which is MIB 2 compliant. All OID (Object Identifier) nodes in the AWE 120-58 private Wi-LAN MIB are numbered 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.n where n is a private Wi-LAN MIB node number or branch of nodes. All nodes containing statistical information are cleared on power up and reset. Values in all writeable nodes are stored in Flash memory and are retained until overwritten by the administrator, even following power down or reset.
APR 2002 Rev 03 Using Object Identifier Nodes The following are descriptions of parameters and node addresses in the AWE 120-58 MIB. Parameter Address/Node Syntax Access Description Configuration serialNumber 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.1 DisplayString (0..15) Read Only Unit Serial Number productionDate 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.2 DisplayString (0..15) Read Only Unit Date of Manufacture macAddress 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.3 PhysAddress Read Only Ethernet MAC Address systemName 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.
AWE 120-58 User Guide Parameter Address/Node Syntax Access Description ipAddressFiltering 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.16 INTEGER Read/Write IP address filtering: 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled ipDefaultFiltering 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.17 INTEGER Read/Write IP default filtering: 1 = pass, 2 = block ipConfig 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.18 ipFilter1Range 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.18.1 INTEGER Read/Write IP address filter 1 range: 0-255 ipFilter1Base 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.18.
APR 2002 Rev 03 Group Address/Node Syntax Access Description ipFilter6Range 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.18.16 INTEGER Read/Write IP address filter 6 range: 0-255 ipFilter6Base 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.18.17 IpAddress Read/Write IP address filter 6 base address ipFilter6State 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.18.18 INTEGER Read/Write IP filter 6 state 0 = disabled, 1 = pass, 2 = block ipFilter7Range 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.18.19 INTEGER Read/Write IP address filter 7 range: 0-255 ipFilter7Base 1.3.6.1.4.1.
Parameter Address/Node signalMargin 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.28.2 userOutputPower AdjustCeiling Syntax Access Description INTEGER Read/Write Signal margin (dB) 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.28.3 INTEGER (0 to -31) Read/Write User output power upper limit adjust (dB) currentTxPowerLevel 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.28.4 INTEGER Read Only Data Transmit Output Power (dBm) config29 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.29 INTEGER Read/Write Spare stationType 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.
APR 2002 Rev 03 Group Address/Node Syntax Access Description centerFreq 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.32 INTEGER Read Only Current RF center frequency (57410 to 58338) securityWord1 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.33 INTEGER Read Only Current RF security password 1 securityWord2 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.34 INTEGER Read Only Current RF security password 2 securityWord3 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.35 INTEGER Read Only Current RF security password 3 securityWord4 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.
AWE 120-58 User Guide Parameter Address/Node Syntax Access Description defCenterFreq 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.48 INTEGER Read Only FLASH RF center frequency (57410 to 58338) defSecurityWord1 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.49 INTEGER Read Only Default RF security password 1 defSecurityWord2 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.50 INTEGER Read Only Default RF security password 2 defSecurityWord3 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.51 INTEGER Read Only Default RF security password 3 defSecurityWord4 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.
APR 2002 Rev 03 Group Address/Node Syntax Access Description newCenterFreq 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.64 INTEGER Read/Write New RF center frequency (57410 to 58338) newSecurityWord1 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.65 INTEGER Read/Write New RF security password 1 newSecurityWord2 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.66 INTEGER Read/Write New RF security password 2 newSecurityWord3 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.67 INTEGER Read/Write New RF security password 3 newSecurityWord4 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.
Parameter Address/Node Syntax Access Description linkMonitorPeriod 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.80 INTEGER Read/Write Link monitor period (0-10000): 0 = disabled, 1 - 10,000 = number of data superframes per single test superframe testModeTimer 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.81 INTEGER Read/Write Test mode timer minutes (1-1000) remoteDistance 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.
APR 2002 Rev 03 Group System Image List Address/Node Syntax Access Description communityName2 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.91 DisplayString (0..15) Read/Write Read-Write access community name ethernetAccess 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.92 INTEGER Read Only Ethernet access to local host: 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled wirelessAccess 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.93 INTEGER Read Only Wireless access to local host: 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled config94 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.
System Status Statistics AWE 120-58 User Guide Parameter Address/Node Syntax Access Description systemImageSize 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.100.6 INTEGER Read Only System image file size systemImageText 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.100.7 DisplayString(0 Read Only ..15) System image descriptive text config101 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.101 INTEGER Read/Write Spare config102 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.102 INTEGER Read/Write Spare config103 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.1.103 INTEGER Read/Write Spare config104 1.3.
APR 2002 Rev 03 Group Address/Node Syntax Access Description etherTxBTotalPkts 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.8 Counter Read Only Total Ethernet packets transmitted etherTxDroppedPkts 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.9 Counter Read Only Ethernet transmit packets dropped etherTxTotalKbytes 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.10 Counter Read Only Total Ethernet KBytes transmitted since last reset etherTxBcastKbytes 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.
System Commands AWE 120-58 User Guide Parameter Address/Node Syntax Access Description linkMonitorRank1 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.29 INTEGER Read Only Link monitor remote station rank linkMonRtoBber 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.30 DisplayString (0..8) Read Only Link monitor remote to base bit error rate linkMonBtoRber 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.31 DisplayString (0..8) Read Only Link monitor base to remote bit error rate linkMonMissPktCnt 1.3.6.1.4.1.2686.2.3.
Appendix E: Configuration Via the Web Overview The AWE 120-58 is remotely configurable via the Web using a standard Web browser. All configuration parameters described in previous sections are configurable through this graphical interface. This section explains the process of accessing the web pages provided and comments on the layout of these pages, noting the differences between the Web interface and the menu interface. Accessing the Web Pages ➧ To start a configuration session via the Web 1.
Appendix E: Configuration Via the Web Configuration Interface The layout of Web pages provided mirrors the layout of the menu interface; parameters grouped together in submenus described in previous sections are similarly grouped together in web “subpages”. Links to these pages are provided after user authentication is complete via a menu bar. Unit configuration is achieved by filling out forms provided by each configurable subpage. These pages are accessed by clicking on appropriate links in the menu bar.
Overview Differences Between the Menu Interface The one appreciable difference between the menu interface and the Web interface is the statistics submenu. For the Web interface, Link Monitor Statistics and RF/Ethernet Statistics, two distinct menus in the menu interface, are combined into one subpage. The link for this page is Monitor Statistics, located in the menu bar. Within this subpage, a link to Real-Time Statistics is provided. Accessing this link will load a JAVA ™ applet.
Appendix E: Configuration Via the Web 174 AWE 120-58 User Guide
Appendix F: Upgrading Software If necessary, you can upgrade the software of a AWE 120-58. This section explains how to use FTP to download a new software image to a AWE unit. Before you can download a new software image you need the following items.
Appendix F: Upgrading Software 6. Type ftp and press Enter where the IP address is the address of the AWE unit. The PC connects to the unit. This IP address is an example only. Enter the IP address of your unit. c:\wilan\images>ftp 192.168.3.85 Connected to 192.168.3.85 220 Wi-LAN AWE 120-58 Ethernet Bridge FTP Server User (192.168.3.85(none)): Note: ftp must be installed on your PC. 7. Type "awe" and press Enter. The password prompt appears. c:\wilan\images>ftp 192.168.3.
Activating New Software Images 10. Press Enter. The image file transfers from the PC to the unit. The status of the transfer, the file size and the transfer time are displayed. ftp>put .\ 200 Port set okay 150 Opening binary mode connection 226 Transfer complete 10484 bytes sent in 0.11 seconds (95.31 Kbytes/sec) ftp>bye Tip: If you type ftp> help, online instructions for using ftp are displayed. 11. Type bye and press Enter to exit ftp and return to the DOS window. 12.
Appendix F: Upgrading Software 178 AWE 120-58 User Guide
Appendix G: Network Plan Template The following template is suitable for planning a simple point-to-point or point-to-multipoint network. Fill out the “Base Station” section once. Make copies and fill out the “Remote Unit and Link Budget” section once for every remote unit.
Appendix G: Network Plan Template Antenna and Cable Requirements Antenna type Model Antenna mounting location Transmission cable type Length (m) Total number of remote units ______ Notes: 180 AWE 120-58 User Guide
Remote Unit Information and Link Budget Remote Unit Information and Link Budget Remote Unit Name: Center Frequency: IP Address Security Passwords: Subnet Mask: Scrambling Code: Station Type: Remote Unit Rank: n = unit number 1___________________ 2___________________ 3___________________ 4___________________ 5___________________ Acquisition Code: Path Information LOS Availability Distance to Base Station Fresnel Clearance Required (m) Calculated Fade Margin Measured Fade Margin Notes Site Info
Appendix G: Network Plan Template Antenna and Cable Requirements Antenna Type Model Antenna Mounting Location Transmission Cable Type Length (m) Notes: Link Budget Calculation System Gain + Antenna Gain ≥ Propagation Loss + Desired Fade Margin + Cable Losses + Connector Losses Formulas: or Actual Fade Margin ≥ System Gain + Antenna Gain – Propagation Loss – Cable Losses – Connector Losses and Actual Fade Margin ≥ Desired Fade Margin where: System Gain = Tx Power – Rx Sensitivity Antenna Gains = Tx Antenn
Index A absorption and antennas 143 accessing configuration menus 30—32 acquisition code 100 configuring 100 adding to your network 27 address SNMP NMS trap IP address 43 adjusting Tx power level 101 administrative best practices 129 agents SNMP 157 antennas 142—146 absorption 143 beamwidth 142 clearance requirements 146 cross-polarization discrimination 143 dBd vs.
Index and link budget variables 138 cabling 9 calculating EIRP 138 Fresnel radius 140 propagation loss 139 ceiling, user-specified power 83 center frequencies configuring 97, 98 center frequency 97 choosing center frequencies 95 change user password 117, 118 changing configuration with SNMP 158 clearance requirements antennas 146 closed system 106 co-located base stations, installing 27 command line 128 command line interface 128 community names 116 setting 35 config test timeout period 92 configuration me
E EIRP and link budget variables 137 antennas 145 calculating 138 enabling sharing on hard disk 156 throttling 82 Env Power 126 envelope power 126 and the link monitor display 126 establishing a basic RF link 20 Ethernet configuring access via 119 resetting statistics 125 viewing statistics 111 Ethernet statistics 111 F factory configuration 124 restoring 124 fade margins and antennas 145 features 1 field installation 26 filters enabling IP address filtering 44, 48 setting IP address filter range 49 fine-t
Index login timeout configuring 120 logging in after 120 LOS antennas 145 M MAC address 35 unit identification 35 MAC Filter Entry Age Time Minutes setting 43 main menu 29 manager SNMP 157 maximum remote distance 79 MC-DSSS technology 1 menu passwords 117 menus accessing 30 navigating 30 MIB SNMP 157 Wi-LAN nodes 158 minimal clearance above obstructions 146 missed packet count 126 monitor RS-232 link monitor 71 monitoring network 28 multipath interference 143 N names community 35 navigating menus 30 netw
setting station type 93 specifications 9 viewing statistics 111 radio module configuration 89 rank configuring 94 reboot a unit 109 reboot current image 123 reboot image 123 rebooting 109 current image 123 new RF configuration 109 receive test 75 regulatory compliance ix remote access allowing 119 configuring 119 remote station setting link monitor from 82 remote to base corr power 126 remote to base env power 126 remote unit configuring 93 pre-configuration steps 18 remote unit RF group 108 remote-to-remot
Index specifications 9 configuration 10 environment 10 general 9 network support 9 radio 9 security 10 wireless network protocols 10 spread spectrum, MCDSS 9 station rank 94 station type 93 statistics 111 resetting statistics 125 viewing Ethernet 111 viewing RF 111 successful logins 39 supervisor password 118 default 31 sweeping antennas 26 symmetric base station system type 104 system physical layout 135 security 114 system image files 121 setting the default 122 system symmetry type 104 T telnet accessi
wireless configuring access via 119 wireless bridge 3 APR 2002 Rev 03 189
Index 190 AWE 120-58 User Guide
Product Code: 5700-0046-01 Copyright© APR 2002 Rev 03 We are interested in your comments. Please contact us by email at docfeedback@wi-lan.com if you have any comments about this user guide. AWE 120-58 User Guide 5700-0046-01 APR 2002 Rev 03 www.wi-lan.
