NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide NEOBIT 1014VA Dual-Port ADSL Bridge Router User’s Manual Revision 0.
CAUTION: Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment WARNING This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Table of Contents 1 Introduction .......................................................... 9 Features.................................................................................. 9 System Requirements ........................................................... 9 Using this Document............................................................ 10 Notational conventions ................................................. 10 Typographical conventions ..........................................
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Configuring a computer connected to the USB port.............................................................................. 24 Part 3 — Configuring the NEOBIT 1014VA ....................... 29 Logging in to the NEOBIT 1014VA Quick Configuration Page ................................................... 29 Default Router Settings ................................................ 31 Testing Your Setup ..............................................................
Overview of DHCP............................................................... 51 What is DHCP?............................................................. 51 Why use DHCP?........................................................... 51 NEOBIT 1014VA DHCP modes .................................. 52 Configuring DHCP Server ................................................... 53 Viewing, modifying, and deleting address pools, and excluding IP addresses from a pool...............................................
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Comparing IP routing to telephone switching ............. 83 Hops and gateways ...................................................... 84 Using IP routes to define default gateways................. 84 Do I need to define IP routes? ..................................... 84 Viewing the IP Routing Table.............................................. 86 Adding IP Routes .................................................................
16 Configuring Bridging........................................ 113 Overview of Bridges...........................................................113 Using the Bridging Feature................................................114 Defining Bridge Interfaces .................................................115 Deleting a Bridge Interface................................................116 17 Configuring Firewall Settings .......................... 117 Configuring Global Firewall Settings......................
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Modifying the ADSL Routers’ port numbers .............144 A IP Addresses, Network Masks, and Subnets......................................................... 147 IP Addresses ......................................................................147 Structure of an IP address..........................................147 Network classes..........................................................148 Subnet masks............................................................
1 Introduction This User Guide will show you how to set up the NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router, and how to customize its configuration to get the most out of your new product.
Chapter1 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Using this Document Notational conventions Acronyms are defined the first time they appear in text and in the glossary (Appendix D). For brevity, the NEOBIT 1014VA is referred to as “the router.” The terms LAN and network are used interchangeably to refer to a group of Ethernet-connected computers at one site. Typographical conventions Italics are used to identify terms that are defined in the glossary (Appendix D).
2 Getting to Know the NEOBIT 1014VA Parts Check In addition to this document, your NEOBIT 1014VA should arrive with the following: NEOBIT 1014VA Dual type ADSL Router Power adapter and power cord USB cable Ethernet cable (“straight-through” type) Standard phone/DSL line cable Modem Tel Tel line Adaptor LAN Cable Manual Figure 1.
Chapter2 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Front Panel The front panel contains lights called LEDs that indicate the status of the unit. Figure 2.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter2 Rear Panel The rear panel contains the ports for the unit's data and power connections. Figure 3.
3 Quick Start This Quick Start provides basic instructions for connecting the NEOBIT 1014VA to a computer or LAN and to the Internet. Part 1 describes setting up the hardware. Part 2 describes how to configure Internet properties on your computer(s) and how to install the software for using a computer attached to the USB port. Part 3 shows you how to configure basic settings on the NEOBIT 1014VA to get your LAN connected to the Internet.
Chapter3 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router or Figure 4. Overview of Hardware Connections Step 1. Connect the ADSL cable and optional telephone. Connect one end of the provided phone cable to the port labeled ADSL on the rear panel of the device. Connect the other end to your wall phone jack. You can attach a telephone line to the device. This is helpful when the ADSL line uses the only convenient wall phone jack.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter3 Step 2. Connect the Ethernet cable. If you are connecting a LAN to the NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router, attach one end of a provided Ethernet cable to a regular hub port and the other to the Ethernet port on the NEOBIT 1014VA. If you are using the NEOBIT 1014VA with a single computer and no hub, you must use a “crossover” Ethernet cable (not provided) to attach the PC directly to the device.
Chapter3 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Part 2 — Configuring Your Computers Part 2 of the Quick Start provides instructions for configuring the Internet settings on your computers to work with the NEOBIT 1014VA. By default, the NEOBIT 1014VA automatically assigns all required Internet settings to your PCs. You need only to configure the PCs to accept the information when it is assigned.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter3 Windows 2000 PCs: First, check for the IP protocol and, if necessary, install it: 1. In the Windows task bar, click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel. 2. Double-click the Network and Dial-up Connections icon. 3. In the Network and Dial-up Connections window, right-click the Local Area Connection icon, and then select Properties.
Chapter3 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Windows Me PCs 1. In the Windows task bar, click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel. 2. Double-click the Network and Dial-up Connections icon. 3. In the Network and Dial-up Connections window, right-click the Network icon, and then select Properties. The Network Properties dialog box displays with a list of currently installed network components.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter3 Windows 95, 98 PCs: First, check for the IP protocol and, if necessary, install it: 1. In the Windows task bar, click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel. 2. Double-click the Network icon. The Network dialog box displays with a list of currently installed network components. If the list includes TCP/IP, and then the protocol has already been enabled. Skip to step 9. 3.
Chapter3 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Windows NT 4.0 workstations First, check for the IP protocol and, if necessary, install it: 1. In the Windows NT task bar, click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel. 2. In the Control Panel window, double click the Network icon. 3. In the Network dialog box, click the Protocols tab. The Protocols tab displays a list of currently installed network protocols. If the list includes TCP/IP, then the protocol has already been enabled.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter3 Assigning static Internet information to your PCs In some cases, you may want to assign Internet information to some or all of your PCs directly (often called “statically”), rather than allowing the NEOBIT 1014VA to assign it. This option may be desirable (but not required) if: You have obtained one or more public IP addresses that you want to always associate with specific computers (for example, if you are using a computer as a public web server).
Chapter3 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Configuring a computer connected to the USB port If you use the NEOBIT 1014VA’s USB port to connect to a PC, you must install the provided USB driver software on the PC. The driver enables Ethernet-over-USB communication with the NEOBIT 1014VA. Configuring the USB computer is a two-part process: In Part 1, you install the USB driver on the PC. In Part 2, you configure the IP properties on the USB PC. Part 1. Installing the USB Driver 1.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter3 4. Click to display the Software License Agreement dialog box, as shown in Figure 6. Figure 6. USB Driver Installation: Software License Agreement 5. After reviewing the license agreement, click continue. to 6. If a Microsoft digital signature dialog box displays, click to continue. The installation program will begin copying the necessary installation files to the required locations.
Chapter3 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide 7. Click . A DSL Installer dialog box displays while the program searches for your USB hardware. After a few seconds, a second dialog box displays to prompt you to attach the USB cable, as shown in Figure 8. Figure 8. USB Driver Installation: DSL Installer 8. Attach the USB cable to the NEOBIT 1014VA and to your PC. The USB cable provided has a flat connector on one end (called Type A) and a square connector on the other (Type B).
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter3 10. Click to restart your computer. When your computer finishes rebooting, make sure that the GlobeSpan installer program displays as an item on your Windows Start menu: 11. Click the Start button, point to Programs » GlobeSpan DSL Modem, and click on Configure. The DSL Modem Installer dialog box should display, as shown in Figure 10. Figure 10. DSL Modem Installer Dialog Box This step is only verification.
Chapter3 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Part 2. Configuring IP properties on the USB PC. Now that the USB driver installation is complete, you must configure the USB PC so that its IP properties place it on the same subnet as the NEOBIT 1014VA’s USB port. There are two ways to do this: The NEOBIT 1014VA is configured to assign an appropriate IP address to the USB PC.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter3 Part 3 — Configuring the NEOBIT 1014VA In Part 3, you log into the program on the NEOBIT 1014VA and configure basic settings for your Internet connection. Your ISP should provide you with the necessary information to complete this step. Logging in to the NEOBIT 1014VA Quick Configuration Page The NEOBIT 1014VA provides a preinstalled software program called Configuration Manager which enables you to configure the operation of the device via your Web browser.
Chapter3 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide The fields are described in the following table. Consult with your ISP to determine which settings you need to change. Field Description Operation Mode This setting enables or disables the NEOBIT 1014VA. When set to “No”, the device cannot be used to provide Internet connectivity for your network. Set it to “Yes” now, if necessary. Encapsulation This setting determines the type of data link your ISP uses to communicate with your ADSL Router.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter3 Default Router Settings In addition to handling the DSL connection to your ISP, the NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router can provide a variety of services to your network. The device is preconfigured with default settings for use with a typical home or small office network. Table 1 lists some of the most important default settings; these and other features are described fully in the subsequent chapters.
Chapter3 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Testing Your Setup The Quick Start process should enable any computer on your LAN to use the NEOBIT 1014VA’s ADSL connection to access the Internet. To test the connection, turn on the device, wait about 30 seconds, and then verify that its LEDs are illuminated as shown in Table 2. Table 2. LED Indicators This LED: ...should be: PWR Solid green to indicate that the device is turned on. If this light is not on, check the power cable attachment.
4 Getting Started with the Configuration Manager The NEOBIT 1014VA includes a preinstalled program called the Configuration Manager, which provides an interface to the software installed on the device. It enables you to configure the device settings to meet the needs of your network. You access it through your web browser from any PC connected to the NEOBIT 1014VA via the LAN or USB ports. This chapter describes how to use the Configuration Manager.
Chapter4 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Figure 12. Login Screen 2. Enter your user name and password, and then click . The first time you log into the program, use these defaults: Note Default User Name: root Default Password root You can change the password at any time (see Changing Your Login Password on page 39). The user name cannot be changed. The System View page on the Home tab displays each time you log into the program (shown in Figure 13 on page 35).
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter4 Functional Layout Configuration Manager tasks are grouped into categories, which you can access by clicking the tabs at the top of each page. Each tab displays the available tasks horizontally the top of the page. You can click on these to display the specific configuration options. Tab Tab Tab Task bar A separate page displays for each task in the task bar. The leftmost task displays by default when you click on a new tab.
Chapter4 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide The Home Tab and System View Table The System View page displays when you first access the program. This page is one of two options available in the Home tab (the other is the Quick Start page, as described on page 29). Figure 13. System View Page The System View table provides a snapshot of your system configuration, and provides links to the software pages that enable you to configure each setting (if available).
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter4 Table Heading Description LAN Interfaces Displays the software names and various settings for the device interfaces that communicate directly with your network. These typically include an Ethernet interface named eth-0, and may include a USB interface named usb-0. For information on modifying properties of these interfaces, see Chapter 5.
Chapter4 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Changing the System Date and Time The device keeps a record of the current date and time, which it uses to calculate and report various performance data. Note Changing the NEOBIT 1014VA date and time does not affect the date and time on your PCs. Follow these instructions to change the date and time: 1. At the bottom of the System View page, click . The System – Modify page displays in a separate browser window: Figure 14. System – Modify Page 2.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter4 Changing Your Login Password The first time you log into the Configuration Manager, you use the default user ID and password (root and root). The system allows only one user ID and password. Only the password can be changed. Note This user ID and password is only used for logging into the Configuration Manager; it is not the same as the login you may use to connect to your ISP (described in Chapter 12).
Chapter4 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Committing Your Changes and Rebooting the Device Committing your changes Whenever you use the Configuration Manager to change system settings, the changes are initially placed in temporary storage (called random access memory or RAM). Your changes are made effective when you submit them, but will be lost if the device is reset or turned off. To save your changes for future use, you can use the commit function.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter4 Rebooting the device using Configuration Manager To reboot the device, display the Commit & Reboot page, select the appropriate reboot mode from the drop-down menu, and then click . You can select from the following three options when rebooting: WARNING Option Description Reboot from Last Configuration Reboots the device using the current settings in permanent memory, including any changes you just committed.
5 Setting IP Properties for the LAN-side Interfaces This chapter describes how to configure IP properties the interfaces on the ADSL Router that communicate with your LAN and USB computers. Ethernet, USB, or Both? If you are using the ADSL Router with multiple PCs on your LAN, you must connect the LAN via an Ethernet hub to the device's LAN port, called eth-0.
Chapter5 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Configuring the LAN IP Address The LAN IP address identifies the LAN port (eth-0 as a node on your network; that is, its IP address must be in the same subnet as the PCs on your LAN. Definition A network node can be thought of as any interface where a device connects to the network, such as the NEOBIT 1014VA’s LAN port and the network interface cards on your PCs. See Appendix A for an explanation of subnets.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter5 The LAN Configuration table displays the following settings: Setting Description System Mode The preconfigured mode for your device, such as Routing or Bridging mode. This setting is not user configurable. LAN IP Address The IP address your computers use to identify the device’s LAN port. Note that the public IP address assigned to you by your ISP is not your LAN IP address.
Chapter5 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide requested IP address from the DHCP server. This is referred to as a "Configured IP Address" in the program. If the configured IP address is not available from the DHCP server, the server will distribute another address to the LAN port. Even if another number is assigned, the same configured IP address will continue to display in this field. For a description of how DHCP works, see Chapter 7. 3. Click .
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter5 Configuring the USB Port IP Address 1. If the LAN Configuration page is not already displaying, click the LAN tab. 2. In the USB Configuration table, enter the IP Address and Network Mask for the USB port. The IP address must place the USB port in the same subnet as the USB computer; The USB port and USB computer can also be in the same subnet as the LAN port and the computers attached to it. By default, the LAN and USB ports are assigned addresses 192.168.
6 Viewing System IP Information and Performance Statistics The interfaces on the NEOBIT 1014VA that communicate with other network and Internet devices are identified by unique Internet protocol (IP) addresses. You can use the Configuration Manager to view the list of IP addresses that your device uses, and to view other system and network performance data. See Appendix A for a description of IP addresses and masks.
Chapter6 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Viewing IP Global Statistics You can view statistics on the processing of Internet protocol packets (a packet is a collection of data that has been bundled for transmission). You will not typically need to view this data, but you may find it helpful when working with your ISP to diagnose network and Internet data transmission problems. To view global IP statistics, click on the IP Address Table page. Figure 19 shows the IP Global Statistics page: Figure 19.
7 Configuring Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol You can configure your network and NEOBIT 1014VA to use the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). This chapter provides an overview of DHCP and instructions for implementing it on your network. Overview of DHCP What is DHCP? DHCP is a protocol that enables network administrators to centrally manage the assignment and distribution of IP information to computers on a network.
Chapter7 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide NEOBIT 1014VA DHCP modes The device can be configured as a DHCP server, DHCP relay agent, or, in some cases, a DHCP client. If you configure the device as a DHCP server, it will maintain the pool of addresses and distribute them to your LAN computers.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter7 Configuring DHCP Server Note By default, the device is configured as a DHCP server, with a predefined IP address pool of 192.168.1.3 through 192.168.1.34 (subnet mask 255.255.255.0). To change this range of addresses, see “Viewing, modifying, and deleting address pools” on page 56. First, you must configure your PCs to accept DHCP information assigned by a DHCP server: 1. Open the Windows Control Panel and display the computer's networking properties.
Chapter7 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Figure 21.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter7 4. Enter the Start IP Address, End IP Address, Net Mask, and Gateway Address fields are required; the others are optional. The following table describes each field. Field Description Start/End IP Addresses Specify the lowest and highest addresses in the pool. Mac Address Use this field only if you want to assign a specific IP address to a specific computer (that is, you are creating an exception to the dynamic assignment of addresses).
Chapter7 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Field Description SMTP...SWINS (optional) The IP addresses of devices that perform various services for computers that receive IP addresses from this pool (such as the SMTP, or Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, server which handles e-mail traffic). Contact your ISP for these addresses. 5. Click . A confirmation page displays briefly to indicate that the pool has been added successfully.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter7 To exclude an address from distribution, type it in the fields provided and click . Click after entering your changes. Be sure to use the Commit feature to save your changes to permanent memory, as described on page 40. Viewing current DHCP address assignments When the NEOBIT 1014VA functions as a DHCP server for your LAN, it keeps a record of any addresses it has leased to your computers.
Chapter7 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Configuring DHCP Relay Some ISPs perform the DHCP server function for their customers’ home/small office networks. In this case, you can configure the device as a DHCP relay agent. When a computer on your network requests Internet access, the NEOBIT 1014VA contacts your ISP to obtain an IP address (and other information), and then forwards that information to the computer.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter7 A page displays to confirm your changes, and then the program returns to the DHCP Relay Configuration page. 6. Follow the instructions in “Setting the DHCP Mode” on page 59 to set the DHCP mode to DHCP Relay. Setting the DHCP Mode You should set the DHCP mode only after you have configured DHCP relay or DHCP server settings. See “Configuring DHCP Server” on page 53 or “Configuring DHCP Relay” on page 58 for additional instructions.
8 Configuring Network Address Translation This chapter provides an overview of Network Address Translation (NAT) and instructions for modifying the default configuration on your device. Overview of NAT Network Address Translation is a method for disguising the private IP addresses you use on your LAN as the public IP address you use on the Internet. You define NAT rules that specify exactly how and when to translate between public and private IP addresses.
Chapter8 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide the public IP address as the destination IP address and the disguised source port number. The NEOBIT 1014VA changes the IP address and source port number back to the original values (having kept track of the changes it made earlier), and then routes the packet to the originating computer. NAT rules such as these provide several benefits: They eliminate the need for purchasing multiple public IP addresses for computers on your LAN.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter8 The NAT Options drop-down list, which provides access to the Global Information page (shown by default), the NAT Rule Configuration page, and the NAT Translations page, which shows current translations. Enable/Disable radio buttons, which allow you to turn on or off the NAT feature.
Chapter8 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Figure 27. NAT Rule Global Statistics Page The table provides basic information for each NAT rule you have set up. You can click to restart the accumulation of the statistics at their initial values.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter8 Viewing NAT Rules and Rule Statistics To view the NAT rules currently defined on your system, select NAT Rule Entry in the NAT Options drop-down list. The NAT Rule Configuration page displays, as shown in Figure 28. Figure 28. NAT Rule Configuration Page The NAT Rule Configuration table displays a row containing basic information for each rule. For a description of these fields, refer to the instructions for adding rules (pages 68 through 77).
Chapter8 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Viewing Current NAT Translations To view a list of NAT translations that have recently been performed and which remain in effect (for any of the defined rules), select NAT Translations from the NAT Options drop-down list. The NAT Translations page displays, as shown in Figure 30: Figure 30.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter8 Figure 31. NAT Translation – Details Page In addition to the information displayed in the NAT Translations table, this table displays the following for the selected current translation sessions: Field Description Translated IP Address The public IP address to which the private IP address was translated. In Address The private IP address that was translated. Out Address The IP address of the outside destination (web, ftp site, etc.
Chapter8 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Adding NAT Rules This section explains how to create rules for the various NAT flavors. Note You cannot edit existing NAT rules. To change a rule setup, delete it and add a new rule with the modified settings. The napt rule: Translating between private and public IP addresses . Follow these instructions to create a rule for translating the private IP addresses on your LAN to your public IP address.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter8 higher priority rules are invoked before lower-priority rules. It is recommended that you select rule IDs as multiples of 5 or 10 so that, in the future, you can insert a rule between two existing rules. Once a data packet matches a rule, the data is acted upon according to that rule and is not subjected to higher-numbered rules. 4. From the IFName drop-down list, select the interface on the device to which this rule applies.
Chapter8 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide 11. Click memory. to save your changes to permanent The rdr rule: Allowing external access to a LAN computer You can create an rdr rule to make a computer on your LAN, such as a Web or FTP server, available to Internet users without requiring you to obtain a public IP address for that computer. The computer’s private IP address is translated to your public IP address in all incoming and outgoing data packets.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter8 Figure 33. NAT Rule – Add Page (rdr Flavor) Follow these instructions to add an rdr rule (see steps 1-4 under "The napt rule" on page 68 for specific instructions corresponding to steps 1 and 2 below): 1. Display the NAT Rule – Add Page, select RDR as the Rule Flavor, and enter a Rule ID. 2. Select the interface on which this rule will be effective. 3. Select a protocol to which this rule applies, or choose ALL.
Chapter8 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide If you have multiple WAN (PPP) interfaces, this rule will not be enforced for data that arrives on other PPP interfaces. This rule will not be enforced for data that arrives on WAN interfaces not specified here. If you have multiple WAN interfaces and want the rule to be enforced on more than one of them (or all), type the starting and ending IP addresses of the range. 6.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter8 The basic rule: Performing 1:1 translations The basic flavor translates the private (LAN-side) IP address to a public (WAN-side) address, like napt rules. However, unlike napt rules, basic rules do not also translate the port numbers in the packet header; they are passed through untranslated. Therefore, the basic rule does not provide the same level of security as the napt rule. Figure 34 shows the fields used for adding a basic rule. Figure 34.
Chapter8 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide assigned statically to your PCs, or assigned dynamically using DHCP. 5. In the Global Address From and Global Address To fields, type the starting and ending address that identify the pool of public IP addresses that the private addresses should be translated to. Or, type the same address in both fields (if you also specified a single address in step 4). 6. Follow steps 7-12 under "The napt rule" on page 68 to submit your changes.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter8 3. Select a protocol to which this rule applies, or choose ALL. This selection specifies which type of Internet communication will be subject to this translation rule. You can select ALL if the rule applies to all data. Or, select TCP, UDP, ICMP, or a number from 1-255 that represents the IANA-specified protocol number. 4.
Chapter8 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide apply to accesses to the specified server type at the specified IP address or network. 7. Follow steps 7-12 under "The napt rule" on page 68 to submit your changes. The bimap rule: Performing two-way translations Unlike the other NAT flavors, the bimap flavor performs address translations in both the outgoing and incoming directions.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter8 5. Follow steps 7-12 under "The napt rule" on page 68 to submit your changes. The pass rule: Allowing specific addresses to pass through untranslated You can create a pass rule to allow a range of IP addresses to remain untranslated when another rule would otherwise do so. Figure 37. NAT Rule – Add Page (pass Flavor) The pass rule must be assigned a rule ID that is a lower number than the ID assigned to the rule it is intended to pass.
9 Configuring DNS Server Addresses About DNS Domain Name System (DNS) servers map the user-friendly domain names that users type into their Web browsers (e.g., "yahoo.com") to the equivalent numerical IP addresses that are used for Internet routing. When a PC user types a domain name into a browser, the PC must first send a request to a DNS server to obtain the equivalent IP address.
Chapter9 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Configuring DNS Relay When you specify the device's LAN port IP address as the DNS address, then the ADSL/Ethernet automatically performs “DNS relay”; i.e., because the device itself is not a DNS server, it forwards domain name lookup requests from the LAN PCs to a DNS server at the ISP. It then relays the DNS server’s response to the PC. When performing DNS relay, the NEOBIT 1014VA must maintain the IP addresses of the DNS servers it contacts.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter9 a. Click the Services tab, and then click DNS in the task bar. The DNS Configuration page displays. Figure 38. DNS Configuration Page b. Type the IP address of the DNS server in an empty row and click . You can enter only two addresses. c. Click the Enable radio button, and then click . 3. Click the Admin tab, and then click Commit & Reboot in the task bar. 4. Click memory.
10 Configuring IP Routes You can use Configuration Manager to define specific routes for your Internet and network data. This chapter describes basic routing concepts and provides instructions for creating routes. Note that most users do not need to define IP routes. Overview of IP Routes The essential challenge of a router is: when it receives data intended for a particular destination, which next device should it send that data to?.
Chapter10 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Hops and gateways Each time Internet data is passed from one Internet address to another, it is said to take a hop. A hop can be a handoff to a different port on the same device, to a different device on the same network, or to a device on an entirely different network. When a hop passes data from one type of network to another, it uses a gateway.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter10
Chapter10 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Viewing the IP Routing Table All IP-enabled computers and routers maintain a table of IP addresses that are commonly accessed by their users. For each of these destination IP addresses, the table lists the IP address of the first hop the data should take. This table is known as the device’s routing table. To view the NEOBIT 1014VA’s routing table, click the Routing tab. The IP Route page displays by default, as shown in Figure 39: Figure 39.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter10 The following table defines the fields in the IP Routing Table. Field Description Destination Specifies the IP address of the destination computer. The destination can specified as the IP address of a specific computer or an entire network. It can also be specified as all zeros to indicate that this route should be used for all destinations for which no other route is defined (this is the route that creates the default gateway).
Chapter10 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Adding IP Routes Follow these instructions to add an IP route to the routing table. 1. From the IP Route Table page, click . The IP Route – Add page displays, as shown in Figure 40. Figure 40. IP Route – Add Page 2. Specify the destination, network mask, and gateway or next hop for this route. For a description of these fields, refer to the table on page 87. To create a route that defines the default gateway for your LAN, enter 0.0.0.
11 Configuring the Routing Information Protocol The NEOBIT 1014VA can be configured to communicate with other routing devices to determine the best path for sending data to its intended destination. Routing devices communicate this information using a variety of IP protocols. This chapter describes how to configure the NEOBIT 1014VA to use one of these, called the Routing Information Protocol (RIP).
Chapter11 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Configuring the NEOBIT 1014VA’s Interfaces with RIP The following instructions describe how to enable RIP on the NEOBIT 1014VA. Note In order for the NEOBIT 1014VA to communicate with other devices using RIP, you must also enable the other devices to use the protocol. See the product documentation for those devices. 1. Log into the Configuration Manager, click the Services tab, and then click RIP in the task bar.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter11 alternative routes, the one with the lowest hop count is considered the fastest path. For example, if you assign this port a metric of 1, then RIP will add 1 to the hop count when calculating a route that passes through this port. If you know that communication via this interface is slower than through other interfaces on your network, you can assign it a higher metric value than the others. You can select any integer from 1 to 15. 5.
Chapter11 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Viewing RIP Statistics From the RIP Configuration page, you can click to view statistics on attempts to send and receive route table data over RIP-enabled interfaces on the NEOBIT 1014VA. Figure 42. RIP Global Statistics Page You can click to reset all statistics to zero and to display any newly accumulated data.
12 Configuring the ATM VCC As your LAN computers access the Internet via the NEOBIT 1014VA, data is exchanged with your ISP through a complex network of telephone switches, Internet routers, servers, and other specialized hardware. These various devices communicate using a common language, or protocol, called Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). On the Wide Area Network (WAN) that connects you to your ISP, the ATM protocol performs functions like those that the Ethernet protocol performs on your LAN.
Chapter12 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide The ATM VCC Configuration table displays the following fields (contact your ISP to determine these settings): Field Description Interface The name of the lower-level interface on which this VC operates. The low-level interface names are preconfigured in the software and identify the type of traffic that can be supported, such as data or voice. Internet data services typically use an AAL5-type interface.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter12 2. Select an interface name from the VCC Interface drop-down list. 3. Enter the VPI and VCI values assigned by your ISP, and select the mux type from the drop-down list. 4. Click . 5. On the confirmation page, click ATM VCC Configuration page. to return to the 6. Click the Admin tab, and then click Commit & Reboot in the task bar. 7. Click memory.
Chapter12 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Modifying ATM VCCs Your device may already be preconfigured with the necessary ATM VCC properties, or the table may contain placeholder values that you must change before using the device. Contact your ISP to determine your ATM VCC values. Follow these instructions to modify a preconfigured VCC: 1. From the ATM VCC Configuration page, click in the Actions column for the interface you want to modify.
13 Configuring PPP Interfaces When powered on, the NEOBIT 1014VA initiates a connection through your DSL line to your ISP.
Chapter13 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide You can configure the following settings on the PPP Configuration page: Inactivity Time Out (mins): The time in minutes that must elapse before a PPP connection times-out due to inactivity. Ignore WAN to LAN traffic: When enabled, data traffic traveling in the incoming direction—from the WAN port to the LAN port—will not count as activity on the WAN port; i.e., it will not prevent the connection from being terminated if inactive for the specified time.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter13 Field Description Use DHCP When set to Enable, the device will acquire additional IP information from the ISP's DHCP server. The PPP connection itself acquires the device's IP address, mask, DNS address, and default gateway address. With Use DHCP enabled, the device will acquire IP addresses for various other server types (WINS, SMTP, POP3, etc. -- these server types are listed on the DHCP Server Configuration page).
Chapter13 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Figure 47. PPP – Detail Page In addition to the properties defined on page 98, the Detail page displays these fields: Field Description Status Indicates whether the interface has been specified in the system as: o Enabled: A connection will be established for use when the device is turned on or rebooted. o Disabled: The PPP interface cannot currently be used. o Start On Data: The PPP connection will be made only when data is sent to the interface (e.g.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter13 Field Description Last Fail Cause Indicates the action that ended the previous PPP session: o No Valid PADO Recvd: The unit initiated a PPoE handshake but did not receive a packet in reply from the ISP. o No Valid PADS Recvd: After the initial handshake, the unit did not receive a confirmation packet from the ISP. o Stopped by User: The user stopped the connection (for example, by changing the Configuration Manager settings for the PPP interface.
Chapter13 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Adding a PPP Interface Definition If you intend to use more than one type of service from your ISP, the device may be configured with multiple PPP interfaces, each with unique logon and other properties. Follow this procedure to define properties for a PPP interface: 1. From the PPP Configuration Page, click . The PPP Interface – Add page displays, as shown in Figure 48. Figure 48. PPP Interface – Add Page 2.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter13 5. Click the Admin tab, and then click Commit & Reboot in the task bar. 6. Click memory. to save your changes to permanent Modifying and Deleting PPP Interfaces To modify a PPP interface, display the PPP Configuration page and click in the Action(s) column for the interface you want to modify. The PPP Interface – Modify page displays, as shown in Figure 49. Figure 49.
14 Configuring EOA Interfaces This chapter describes how to configure an Ethernet-over-ATM interface on the NEOBIT 1014VA, if one is needed to communicate with your ISP. Overview of EOA The Ethernet-over-ATM (EOA) protocol is commonly used to carry data between local area networks that use the Ethernet protocol and wide-area networks that use the ATM protocol. Many telecommunications industry networks use the ATM protocol.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter14 Viewing Your EOA Setup To view your current EOA configuration, log into Configuration Manager, click Advanced in the task bar, and then click EOA. Figure 50 shows the EOA Configuration page. Figure 50. EOA Configuration Page The EOA table contains a row for each EOA interface currently defined on the device. The table may contain no entries if your ISP does not use the EOA protocol.
Chapter14 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Field Description Config IP Address and Net Mask The IP address and network mask you want to assign to the interface. If the interface will be used for bridging with your ISP and you will not be using the NEOBIT 1014VA as a router on your LAN, then you do not need to specify IP information. If you enable DHCP for this interface, then the Configured IP address will serve only as a request to the DHCP server.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter14 3. Select one of the predefined interface names from the EOA Interface drop down list. 4. From the IPF Type drop-down list, select the level of IP Firewall to be used on this interface, as defined above. 5. In the Lower Interface field, select the lower-level interface name over which this protocol is being configured. Typically, an EOA interface is configured to operate over an aal5 interface, such as aal5-0.
15 Configuring IPoA Interfaces This chapter describes how to configure an IPoA (Internet Protocolover-ATM) interface on the NEOBIT 1014VA. An IPoA interface can be used to exchange IP packets over the ATM network, without using an underlying Ethernet over ATM (EOA) connection. Typically, this type of interface is used only in product development and test environments, to eliminate unneeded variables when evaluating IP layer processing.
Chapter15 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Field Description IPF Type The type of IP Firewall protections that are in effect on the interface (public, private, or DMZ): o A public interface connects to the Internet (IPoA interfaces are typically public). Packets received on a public interface are subject to the most restrictive set of firewall protections defined in the software. o A private interface connects to your LAN, such as the Ethernet interface.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter15 Figure 53. IPoA Interface – Add Page 2. Select the next available interface name from the IPoA Interface drop-down list. 3. In the Configured IP Address and Net Mask boxes, type the address and mask that you want to assign to the IPoA interface. 4. Select the level of firewall security to apply to the interface by selecting the IPF Type as Public, Private, or DMZ. 5.
16 Configuring Bridging The NEOBIT 1014VA can be configured to act as a bridging device between your LAN and your ISP. Bridges are devices that enable two or more networks to communicate as if they are two segments of the same physical LAN. This chapter describes how to configure the NEOBIT 1014VA to operate as a bridge.
Chapter16 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Bridges vs. Routers: The essential difference between a bridge and a router is that a router uses a higher-level protocol (such as IP) to determine how to pass data. IP data packets contain IP addresses that specifically identify the destination computer. Routers can read this information and pass the data to the destination computer, or determine which next router to send the data to if the destination is not on a connected network.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter16 Defining Bridge Interfaces To enable bridging you simply specify the device interfaces on which you want to bridge data, and then enable bridging mode: 1. Log into Configuration Manager and click the Bridging tab. The Bridge Configuration page displays, as shown in Figure 54. Figure 54. Bridge Configuration page The table may be empty if bridging has not yet been configured. 2. Select the interface names on which you want to perform bridging and click .
Chapter16 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide 3. Click the Enable radio button to turn on bridging. 4. Click . A page will briefly display to confirm your changes, and will return you to the Bridge Configuration page. 5. Click the Admin tab, and then click Commit & Reboot in the task bar. 6. Click memory.
17 Configuring Firewall Settings Configuration Manager provides built-in firewall functions, enabling you to protect the system against denial of service (DoS) attacks and other types of malicious accesses to your LAN. You can also specify how to monitor attempted attacks, and who should be automatically notified. Configuring Global Firewall Settings Follow these instructions to configure global firewall settings: 1.
Chapter17 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide 2. Configure any of the following settings that display in the Firewall Global Information table: Field Description Black List Status If you want the device to maintain and use a black list, click Enable. Click Disable if you do not want to maintain a list. Black List Period(min) Specifies the number of minutes that a computer's IP address will remain on the black list (i.e.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter18 Field Description Log Destination Specifies how attempted violations of the firewall settings will be tracked. Records of such events can be sent via Ethernet to be handled by a system utility Ethernet to (Trace) or can e-mailed to specified administrators. E-mail ID of Admin 1/2/3 Specifies the e-mail addresses of the administrators who should receive notices of any attempted firewall violations.
Chapter17 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Managing the Black List If data packets are received that violate the firewall settings or any of the IP Filter rules, then the source IP address of the offending packets can be blocked from such accesses for a specified period of time. You can enable or disable use of the black list using the settings described above. The source computer remains on the black list for the period of time that you specify.
18 Configuring IP Filters and Blocking Protocols This chapter describes two Configuration Manager features that enable you to control the data passing through your network: The IP filter feature enables you to create rules to block attempts by certain computers on your LAN to access certain types of data or Internet locations. You can also block incoming access to computers on your LAN.
Chapter18 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Configuring IP Filters When you define an IP filter rule and enable the feature, you instruct the NEOBIT 1014VA to examine each data packet it receives to determine whether it meets criteria set forth in the rule.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter18 Configuring IP Filter Global Settings The IP Filter Configuration page enables you to configure several global IP Filter settings, and displays a table showing all existing IP Filter rules. The global settings that you can configure are: Security Level: This setting determines which IP Filter rules take effect, based on the security level specified in each rule.
Chapter18 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Creating IP Filter Rules To create an IP filter rule, you set various criteria that must be met in order for the rule to be invoked. Use these instructions to add a new IP filter rule, and refer to the examples on page 129 for assistance: 1. On the main IP Filter page, click . The IP Filter Rule − Add page displays, as shown in Figure 58. Figure 58.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter18 2. Enter or select data for each field that applies to your rule. The following table describes the fields Field Description Rule ID Each rule must be assigned a sequential ID number. Rules are processed from lowest to highest on each data packet, until a match is found. It is recommended that you assign rule IDs in multiples of 5 or 10 (e.g., 10, 20, 30) so that you leave enough room between them for inserting a new rule if necessary.
Chapter18 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Field Description Black List Status Specifies whether or not a violation of this rule will result in the offending computer's IP address being added to the Black List, which blocks the ADSL Router from forwarding packets from that source for a specified period of time. See Chapter 17, “Configuring Firewall Settings” for instructions. Log Tag A description of up to 16 characters to be recorded in the log in the event that a packet violates this rule.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter18 Field Description Protocol The basic IP protocol criteria that must be met for rule to be invoked. Using the options in the drop-down list, you can specify that packets must contain the selected protocol (eq), that they must not contain the specified protocol (neq), or that the rule can be invoked regardless of the protocol (any).
Chapter18 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Field Description ICMP Code Specifies whether the value in the code field in ICMP packet headers will be used as criteria. The code value can be any decimal value from 0-255. You can specify that the value must equal (eq) or not equal (neq) the specified value, or you can select any to enable the rule to be invoked on all ICMP packets. This field will be dimmed (unavailable for entry) unless you specify ICMP as the protocol.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter18 3. When you are done selecting criteria, ensure that the Enable radio button is selected at the top of the page, and then click . After a confirmation page displays, the IP Filter Configuration page will redisplay with the new rule showing in the table. If the security level of the rule matches the globally configured setting, a green ball in the Status column for that rule, indicating that the rule is now in effect.
Chapter18 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Example 2. Blocking Telnet accesses to the NEOBIT 1014VA: 1. Add a new rule for packets incoming on the ppp-0 interface. 2. Specify that the packet must contain the TCP protocol, and must be destined for port 23, the well-known port number used for the Telnet protocol. 3. Enable the rule by clicking the radio button at the top of the page. 4. Click changes. to create the rule, and commit your Figure 59 shows how this rule could be configured: Figure 59.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter18 Viewing IP Filter Statistics For each rule, you can view statistics on how many packets were accepted or denied. Display the IP Filter Configuration page, and then click in the row corresponding to the rule. The IP Filter Rule – Statistics page displays, as shown in Figure 60. Figure 60. IP Filter Rule – Statistics Page You can click to reset the count to zero and to display newly accumulated data.
Chapter18 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide The IP Filter Session table displays the following fields for each current IP session: Field Description Session Index The ID assigned by the system to the IP session (all sessions, whether or not they are affected by an IP filter rule, are assigned a session index). Time to expire The number of seconds in which the connection will automatically expire Protocol The underlying IP protocol used on the connection, such as TCP, UDP, IGMP, etc.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter18 Blocking Protocols The Blocked Protocols feature enables you to prevent the ADSL Router from passing any data that uses a particular protocol. Unlike the IP Filter feature, you cannot specify additional criteria for blocked protocols, such as particular users or destinations. However, when you are certain that a particular protocol is not needed or wanted on your network, this feature provides a convenient way to discard such data before it is passed.
Chapter18 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Protocol Description IP Multicast IP Multicast is an extension to the IP protocol. It enables individual packets to be sent to multiple hosts on the Internet, and is often used for handling e-mail mailing lists and teleconferencing/videoconferencing. RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. This IP protocol provides a way for computers to determine their own IP addresses when they only know their hardware address (i.e., MAC addresses).
19 Viewing DSL Parameters To view configuration parameters and performance statistics for the NEOBIT 1014VA’s DSL line, log into Configuration Manager, and then click the WAN tab. The DSL Status page displays by default, as shown in Figure 63. Figure 63. DSL Status Page The DSL Status page displays current information on the DSL line performance. The page refreshes according to the setting in the Refresh drop-down list, which you can configure.
Chapter19 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Figure 64. DSL Parameters Page The DSL Parameters and Status table displays settings preconfigured by the product manufacturer or your ISP. The Config Data table lists various types of error and defects measurements found on the DSL line. You cannot modify this data. From the DSL Status page, you can click to display DSL line performance statistics, as shown in Figure 65. Figure 65.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter19 The DSL Statistics page reports error data relating to the last 15minute interval, the current day, and the previous day. At the bottom of the page, the Detailed Interval Statistic table displays links you can click on to display detailed data for each 15minute interval in the past 24 hours. For example, when you click on 1-4, data displays for the 16 intervals (15-minutes each) that make up the previous 4 hours. Figure 66 shows an example. Figure 66.
20 Administrative Tasks This chapter describes the following administrative tasks that you can perform using Configuration Manager: Viewing System Alarms Upgrading the Software Using Diagnostics Modifying Port Settings You can access these tasks from the Admin tab task bar. The other Admin tasks listed in the Admin tab—Configuring User Logon and Committing and Rebooting—are described in Chapter 4, “Getting Started with the Configuration Manager.
Chapter20 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Displaying the Alarm Monitor in a Separate Window If you want to display an automatically updating Alarm table, you can click to display a separate Alarm Monitor window, as shown in Figure 68. Figure 68. Alarm Monitor Window You can click on the Refresh Rate drop-down list to select a recurring time interval after which the page will redisplay with new data.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter20 Upgrading the Software Your ISP may from time to time provide you with an upgrade to the software running on the ADSL Router. All system software is contained in a single file, called an image. The image is composed of several distinct parts, each of which implements a different set of functions. Configuration Manager provides an easy way to upload the new software image, or a specific part of the image) to the memory on the ADSL Router.
Chapter20 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Using Diagnostics The diagnostics feature executes a series of test of your system software and hardware connections. Use this feature when working with your ISP to troubleshoot problems. Follow these instructions to begin the diagnostics program: 1. Log into Configuration Manager, click the Admin tab, and then click Diagnostics in the task bar. Figure 70 shows the Diagnostics page. Figure 70. Diagnostics Page 2.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Chapter20 Figure 71. Diagnostics Page—After Execution You can click Help to display an explanation of each test. Work with your ISP to interpret the results of the diagnostic tests.
Chapter20 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Modifying Port Settings Overview of IP port numbers The header information in an IP data packet specifies a destination port number. Routers use the port number along with the specified IP addresses to forward the packet to its intended recipient. For example, all IP data packets that the ADSL Router receives from the Internet specify the same IP address (your public IP address) as the destination.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide making any changes here.
Chapter20 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Follow these steps to modify port settings: 1. Log into Configuration Manager, click the Admin tab, and then click Port Settings in the task bar. The Port Settings page is shown in Figure 72. Figure 72. Port Settings Page 2. Type the new port number(s) in the appropriate text box(es) and click . For the HTTP server, the default port number is 80; for the Telnet server, the default is port number is 23.
A IP Addresses, Network Masks, and Subnets IP Addresses This section pertains only to IP addresses for IPv4 (version 4 of the Internet Protocol). IPv6 addresses are not covered. Note This section assumes basic knowledge of binary numbers, bits, and bytes. For details on this subject, see Appendix A. IP addresses, the Internet's version of telephone numbers, are used to identify individual nodes (computers or devices) on the Internet.
Appendix A. IP Addresses, Network Masks, and Subnets NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Network classes The three commonly used network classes are A, B, and C. (There is also a class D but it has a special use beyond the scope of this discussion.) These classes have different uses and characteristics. Class A networks are the Internet's largest networks, each with room for over 16 million hosts. Up to 126 of these huge networks can exist, for a total of over 2 billion hosts.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Appendix A. IP Addresses, Network Masks, and Subnets uses the remaining 7 bits in field4 for its host IDs, which range from 0 to 127 (instead of the usual 0 to 255 for a class C address). Similarly, to split a class C network into four subnets, the mask is: 255.255.255.192 or 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.11000000 The two extra bits in field4 can have four values (00, 01, 10, 11), so there are four subnets.
B Binary Numbers Binary Numbers In everyday life, we use the decimal system of numbers. In decimal, numbers are written using the ten digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Computers, however, do not use decimal. Instead, they use binary. Definition binary numbers Binary numbers are numbers written using only the two digits 0 and 1, e.g., 110100. Just as each digit in a decimal number represents a multiple of 10 (1, 10, 100, 1000, 10,000, etc.
C Troubleshooting This appendix suggests solutions for problems you may encounter in installing or using the NEOBIT 1014VA, and provides instructions for using several IP utilities to diagnose problems. Contact Customer Support if these suggestions do not resolve the problem. Problem Troubleshooting Suggestion LEDs Power LED does not illuminate after product is turned on. LINK WAN LED does not illuminate after phone cable is attached. LINK LAN LED does not illuminate after Ethernet cable is attached.
Appendix C. Troubleshooting NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Problem PCs cannot display web pages on the Internet. Troubleshooting Suggestion rule has been defined on the NEOBIT 1014VA to translate the private address to your public IP address. The assigned IP address must be within the range specified in the NAT rules (see Chapter 8). Or, configure the PC to accept an address assigned by another device (see the Quick Start, Part 2).
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Appendix C. Troubleshooting Diagnosing Problem using IP Utilities ping Ping is a command you can use to check whether your PC can recognize other computers on your network and the Internet. A ping command sends a message to the computer you specify. If the computer receives the message, it sends messages in reply. To use it, you must know the IP address of the computer with which you are trying to communicate.
Appendix C. Troubleshooting NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide nslookup You can use the nslookup command to determine the IP address associated with an internet site name. You specify the common name, and the nslookup command looks up the name in on your DNS server (usually located with your ISP). If that name is not an entry in your ISP’s DNS table, the request is then referred to another higher-level server, and so on, until the entry is found. The server then returns the associated IP address.
D Glossary 10BASE-T A designation for the type of wiring used by Ethernet networks with a data rate of 10 Mbps. Also known as Category 3 (CAT 3) wiring. See also data rate, Ethernet. 100BASE-T A designation for the type of wiring used by Ethernet networks with a data rate of 100 Mbps. Also known as Category 5 (CAT 5) wiring. See also data rate, Ethernet. ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line The most commonly deployed "flavor" of DSL for home users.
Appendix D. Glossary NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide from a shared pool of IP addresses; after a specified time limit, DHCP returns the address to the pool. DHCP relay Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol relay A DHCP relay is a computer that forwards DHCP data between computers that request IP addresses and the DHCP server that assigns the addresses. Each of the NEOBIT 1014VA's interfaces can be configured as a DHCP relay. See DHCP.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Appendix D. Glossary FTP File Transfer Protocol A program used to transfer files between computers connected to the Internet. Common uses include uploading new or updated files to a web server, and downloading files from a web server. GGP Gateway to Gateway Protocol. An Internet protocol that specifies how gateway routers communicate with each other. Gbps Abbreviation for Gigabits (“GIG-uh-bits”) per second, or one billion bits per second.
Appendix D. Glossary NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide ISP Internet Service Provider A company that provides Internet access to its customers, usually for a fee. LAN Local Area Network A network limited to a small geographic area, such as a home, office, or small building. LED Light Emitting Diode An electronic light-emitting device. The indicator lights on the front of the NEOBIT 1014VA are LEDs.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Appendix D. Glossary ping Packet Internet (or Inter-Network) Groper A program used to verify whether the host associated with an IP address is online. It can also be used to reveal the IP address for a given domain name. port A physical access point to a device such as a computer or router, through which data flows into and out of the device. POTS Plain Old Telephone Service Traditional analog telephone service using copper telephone lines. Pronounced "pots.
Appendix D. Glossary NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol The TCP/IP protocol used for network management. splitter A device that splits off the voice component of the DSL signal to a separate line, so that data and telephone service each have their own wiring and jacks. The splitter is installed by your telephone company where the DSL line enters your home.
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Appendix D. Glossary 5 (CAT 5) is used for 100BASE-T networks. See also 10BASE-T, 100BASE-T, Ethernet. upstream The direction of data transmission from the user to the Internet. USB Universal Serial Bus A serial interface that lets you connect devices such as printers, scanners, etc. to your computer by simply plugging them in. The NEOBIT 1014VA is equipped with a USB interface for connecting to a stand-alone PC.
Index 100BASE-T, 157 Commit & Reboot page, 40 10BASE-T, 157 Computers ADSL, 157 ADSL cable, 16 configuring IP information, 18 Configuration Manager ADSL port, 16 overview, 33 Alarm Monitor window, 140 troubleshooting, 154 Alarm page, 139 Connectors Alarms, 139 rear panel, 13 Analog, 157 Data packet, 61 Asynchronous Transfer Mode.
Index NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide using ISP as, 52 Ethernet cable, 17 straight-through vs crossover, 153 using the device as, 52 Features, 9 viewing assigned addresses, 57 FILTER NAT flavor, 74 DHCP Server Pool—Add page, 54 Filtering rule, 158 Diagnosing problems Firewall, 158 after installation, 32 settings, 118 Diagnostics, 143 Firewall Blacklisted Hosts page, 120 Diagnostics page, 143 Firewall Configuration page, 117 Digital, 158 Front panel, 12 DNS, 55, 79, 158 FTP, 159
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Index explained, 147 IPoA page, 109 viewing device's, 49 ISP, 160 IP configuration LAN, 160 static, 23 LAN Configuration page, 44 static IP addresses, 23 LAN interface, 58 Windows 2000, 19 Windows 95/98, 21 configuring multiple, 49 LAN IP address, 43, 45 Windows Me, 20 configuring, 44 Windows NT 4.
Index NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide NAT Configuration page, 62 Commit & Reboot, 40 NAT Rule Configuration page, 65 DHCP Address Table, 57 NAT Rule Global Statistics page, 64 DHCP Configuration, 53, 59 NAT Rule Statistics page, 65 DHCP Relay Configuration, 58 NAT Rule—Add page - basic, 73 DHCP Server Pool - Add, 54 NAT Rule—Add page - bimap, 76 Diagnostics, 143 NAT Rule—Add page - filter, 74 DNS Configuration, 81 NAT Rule—Add page - napt, 68 DSL Interval Statistics, 137 NAT Rule—Ad
NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide Index NAT Translations, 66 PPP Interface – Add page, 102 NAT Translations - Details, 67 PPP Interface – Modify page, 103 Port Settings, 145 PPPoA, 161 PPP - Detail, 100 PPPoE, 161 PPP Configuration, 97 Protocol, 161 PPP Interface - Add, 102 Quick Configuration PPP Interface - Modify, 103 logging in, 29 Quick Configuration, 29 Quick Configuration page, 29 RIP Configuration, 90 RDR (NAT flavor), 70 RIP Global Statistics, 92 Rear Panel, 13 System Vie
Index System requirements:, 9 NEOBIT 1014VA ADSL Router User’s Guide configuring IP information, 43, 47 System View page, 36 User Password Configuration page, 39 System--Modify page, 38 Username TCP/IP, 162 default, 34 Telephone, 16 VC, 163 Telnet port, modifying address, 144 VCI, 163 Testing setup, 32 VPI, 163 Time and date, changing, 38 WAN, 163 Traps.
