Thionyl Chloride Product Line Application Guide Cylindrical Format LiSOCI2 ©2011 Ultralife Corporation • www.ultralifecorp.com • All information is subject to change without notice. The information contained herein is for reference only and does not constitute a warranty of performance.
Thionyl Chloride Application Guide Table of Contents 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 ABOUT ULTRALIFE® LITHIUM THIONYL CHLORIDE BATTERIES HISTORY ADVANTAGES CHARACTERISTICS PART NUMBERS TYPE IDENTIFICATION 3 3 3 3 4 5 2. 2.1 2.2 CELL DESIGNS BOBBIN DESIGNS (UHE TYPES) SPIRAL WOUND (UHR TYPES) 6 6 7 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 APPLICATIONS / MARKETS REMOTE METERING SAFETY/SECURITY REMOTE MONITORING AUTOMOTIVE POWER BACKUP POWER INDUSTRIAL/CONSUMER 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 4. 4.1 4.2 4.
Thionyl Chloride Application Guide 1. About Ultralife® Lithium Thionyl Chloide Batteries 1.1 History Ultralife Corporation has been providing the safest, highest quality Lithium batteries worldwide for over 20 years. Ultralife Corporation has an extensive product line across many Lithium battery chemistries. Our leading edge technologies offer the safest, highest energy densities available.
Thionyl Chloride Application Guide 1.4 Part Numbers The Thionyl Chloride Cell product line from Ultralife has the following part number schema. Figure 1: Part Number Schema ©2011 Ultralife Corporation • www.ultralifecorp.com • All information is subject to change without notice. The information contained herein is for reference only and does not constitute a warranty of performance.
Thionyl Chloride Application Guide 1.5 Type Indentification The high energy version (UHE) of a cell is recognized by a label that has a black band on the negative side of the cell label. The high rate version (UHR) of a cell is recognized by a black band on the negative side of the cell and a red band on the positive side of the cell. See examples in figure 2 below. Figure 2: Product Identification ©2011 Ultralife Corporation • www.ultralifecorp.com • All information is subject to change without notice.
Thionyl Chloride Application Guide 2. Cell Designs 2.1 Bobbin Designs (UHE Types) A Bobbin cell design is utilized in applications where high energy and low discharge rates are required. Due to the low surface area between the anode and cathode materials, the rate capability is limited. Figure 3: Bobbin Construction ©2011 Ultralife Corporation • www.ultralifecorp.com • All information is subject to change without notice.
Thionyl Chloride Application Guide 2.2 Spiral Wound (UHR Types) A spiral cell design is utilized when high discharge rates are required. The spiral design allows for large surface areas between the anode and the cathode materials, increasing ionic transfer between the electrodes, resulting in higher rate discharge capability. Figure 4: Spiral Wound Construction ©2011 Ultralife Corporation • www.ultralifecorp.com • All information is subject to change without notice.
Thionyl Chloride Application Guide 3. Applications / Markets 3.1 Remote Metering • Utility Meters: Water, Gas, Electric • Automatic Meter Readers • Industrial meters / valves 3.2 Safety / Security • Alarm systems • Safe / Door Lockers • Detectors 3.3 Remote Monitoring • • • • • • RFID Asset Tracking / GPS Systems Personnel ID systems Patient Monitoring / Biotelemetry Seismic Monitoring High Voltage Line Fault Detectors 3.
Thionyl Chloride Application Guide 4. Design Notes 4.1 Transient Minimum Voltage (TMV) Due to a passivation layer over the Lithium surface, the resistance of the cell will be temporarily increased, resulting in an initial voltage drop during initiation of discharge. The lowest voltage due to these phenomena is referred to as transient minimum voltage. This minimum voltage will be further reduced as temperature decreases and discharge rate increases. Figure 5: Transient Minimum Voltage 4.
Thionyl Chloride Application Guide Figure 6: Backup Power Circuit Design 4.3 Pulse Load Applications A typical pulse load design is included in figure 7. This type of circuit would be prevalent in applications such as remote wireless meters, toll pass, or similar applications. With the passivation layer build up that occurs over time in Lithium Chloride it is suggested that a capacitor of appropriate size be combined with the battery in parallel.
Thionyl Chrloide Application Guide Figure 7: Pulse Power Circuit Design The formula for sizing the capacitor is: C= VW / R x t / ΔV Where: C = Capacitor VW = Working Voltage R = RL + RC (RL = Resistance of Circuit Load V/ Pulse Current) (RC = Internal Resistance of Chosen Capacitor in milliohms) t = Backup Time ΔV = Maximum Voltage Drop Allowed in Circuit Typically a capacitor will be sized at least 2 times the required value to account for the varying environmental factors and capacitor life aging.
Thionyl Chloride Application Guide 5. Design Support 5.1 Battery Pack Assembly Battery pack assembly should be completed by experienced and qualified battery manufacturers. Battery packs should be carefully constructed and fully tested to comply with all necessary regulations prior to shipment, installation, or use in any application or device. For custom pack assemblies please contact Ultralife Corporation for design assistance and manufacturing options. 5.
Thionyl Chloride Application Guide 5.3 Terminations Various cell terminals can be provided to facilitate cell mounting installation in the end use application. Tabs can be provided to mount cells to printed circuit boards by soldering. Custom wire harnesses can be provided to allow for easy replacement in end use applications. Please contact Ultralife for additional information on termination options. ©2011 Ultralife Corporation • www.ultralifecorp.
Thionyl Chloride Application Guide 5.4 Soldering 5.4.1 Hand Soldering • • • • • • Only skilled personnel should attempt to solder Wear all required personal protective gear Do not solder directly to the cell, solder to termination tab only Finish solder operation within 5 second time period Allow solder to fully cool prior to next solder operation Use proper heat sink practices when soldering to prevent cell heating 5.4.
Thionyl Chloride Application Guide 6. General 6.1 Shipment Many Lithium metal batteries are regulated and require specific compliance and testing prior to shipping. Please visit the Ultralife Corporation website for guidance on shipping information and links to requirements. 6.
Thionyl Chloride Application Guide 6.5 Legal This document is provided as general guidance in utilizing and designing Ultralife Thionyl Chloride cells in various applications. Designs of multiple cells in series or parallel must be tested and certified with all local, state, federal, and international laws and regulations. This document in no way replaces sound design practices and/or absolves the user of responsibility to comply with the necessary laws and regulations. 6.