LEON-G1 series quad-band GSM/GPRS data & voice modules System Integration Manual Abstract This document describes the features and integration of the LEON-G100 quad-band GSM/GPRS data and voice module. The LEON-G100 is a complete and cost efficient solution, bringing full feature quad-band GSM/GPRS data and voice transmission technology in a compact form factor. 29.5 x 18.9 x 3.0 mm www.u-blox.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Document Information Title LEON-G1 series Subtitle quad-band GSM/GPRS data & voice modules Document type System Integration Manual Document number UBX-13004888 Revision, date R01 Document status Advance Information 25-Nov-2013 Document status explanation Objective Specification Document contains target values. Revised and supplementary data will be published later. Advance Information Document contains data based on early testing.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Preface u-blox Technical Documentation As part of our commitment to customer support, u-blox maintains an extensive volume of technical documentation for our products. In addition to our product-specific technical data sheets, the following manuals are available to assist u-blox customers in product design and development.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Contents Preface ................................................................................................................................ 3 Contents.............................................................................................................................. 4 1 System description ....................................................................................................... 7 1.1 1.2 Overview .....................................
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 2.1.1 2.1.2 Schematic checklist ..................................................................................................................... 77 Layout checklist ........................................................................................................................... 77 2.1.3 Antenna checklist ........................................................................................................................ 78 2.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 5 4.2.3 4.2.4 Optical inspection ...................................................................................................................... 108 Cleaning.................................................................................................................................... 108 4.2.5 Repeated reflow soldering ......................................................................................................... 108 4.2.6 4.2.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1 System description 1.1 Overview LEON-G1 series modules are versatile 2.5G GSM/GPRS wireless modules in a miniature LCC (Leadless Chip Carrier) form factor. LEON-G100 is a full feature quad-band GSM/GPRS wireless module with a comprehensive feature set including an extensive set of internet protocols. It also provides fully integrated access to u-blox GNSS positioning chips and modules, with embedded A-GNSS (AssistNow Online and AssistNow Offline) functionality.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Table 2 shows a summary of GSM/GPRS characteristics of LEON-G1 series modules. Item LEON-G100 GSM/GPRS Protocol Stack 3GPP Release 99 Mobile Station Class Class B1 GSM/GPRS Bands GSM 850 MHz E-GSM 900 MHz DCS 1800 MHz PCS 1900 MHz GSM/GPRS Power Class Class 4 (33 dBm) for 850/900 Class 1 (30 dBm) for 1800/1900 Packet Switched Data Rate GPRS multi-slot class 102 Coding scheme CS1-CS4 Up to 85.6 kb/s DL3 Up to 42.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.2 Architecture 32.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.2.1 Functional blocks LEON-G1 series modules consist of the following functional blocks: RF Baseband Power Management 1.2.1.1 RF The RF block is composed of the following main elements: RF transceiver (integrated in the GSM/GPRS single chip) performing modulation, up-conversion of the baseband I/Q signals, down-conversion and demodulation of the RF received signals.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.3 Pin-out Table 3 describes the pin-out of LEON-G1 series modules, with pins grouped by function. Function Pin No I/O Description Remarks Power VCC 50 I Module Supply GND N/A Ground V_BCKP 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 17, 25, 36, 45, 46, 48, 49 2 I/O Real Time Clock supply VSIM 35 O SIM supply Clean and stable supply is required: low ripple and low voltage drop must be guaranteed.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Function Pin No I/O Description Remarks MIC_BIAS2 41 I Second microphone analog signal input and bias output MIC_GND2 42 I Second microphone analog reference MIC_GND1 43 I First microphone analog reference MIC_BIAS1 44 I First microphone analog signal input and bias output SIM_CLK 32 O SIM clock SIM_IO 33 I/O SIM data SIM_RST 34 O SIM reset DSR 9 O UART data set ready RI 10 O UART ring indicator This audio input is used wh
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.4 Operating modes LEON-G1 series modules include several operating modes, each have different features and interfaces. Table 4 summarizes the various operating modes and provides general guidelines for operation. Operating Mode Description Features / Remarks Transition condition General Status: Power-down Not-Powered Mode Power-Off Mode VCC supply not present or below normal operating range. Microprocessor switched off (not operating).
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Operating Mode Description Connected-Mode Voice or data call enabled. Microprocessor runs with 26 MHz as reference oscillator. The module is ready to accept data signals from an external device. Features / Remarks The module is switched on and a voice call or a data call (GSM/GPRS) is in progress. Module is fully active. Application interfaces are enabled. Transition condition When call terminates, module returns to the last operating state (Idle or Active).
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.5 Power management 1.5.1 Power supply circuit overview 4-Bands GSM FEM LEON-G100 Antenna Switch PA GSM/GPRS Chipset Charging Control VCC LDOs RF LDOs BB LDO EBU 50 2 x 22 µF MCP Memory NOR Flash LDO PSRAM LDO V_BCKP RTC 2 1 µF VSIM 35 1 µF Figure 2: Power supply concept Power supply is via VCC pin. This is the only main power supply pin.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.5.2 Module supply (VCC) LEON-G1 series modules must be supplied through VCC pin by a DC power supply. Voltages must be stable, due to the surging consumption profile of the GSM system (described in the section 1.5.3). Name Description Remarks VCC Module Supply GND Ground Clean and stable supply is required: low ripple and low voltage drop must be guaranteed. Voltage provided has to be always above the minimum limit of the operating range.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual When designing the power supply for the application, pay specific attention to power losses and transients.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Main Supply Available? No, portable device Battery Li-Ion 3.7 V Yes, always available Main Supply Voltage >5 V? No, less than 5 V Linear LDO Regulator Yes, greater than 5 V Switching Step-Down Regulator Figure 4: VCC supply concept selection The switching step-down regulator is the typical choice when the available primary supply source has a nominal voltage much higher (e.g. greater than 5 V) than the LEON-G1 series operating supply voltage.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual PWM mode and high efficiency burst or PFM mode can be used, provided the mode transition occurs when the GSM module changes status from idle mode (current consumption approximately 1 mA) to active mode (current consumption approximately 100 mA): it is permissible to use a regulator that switches from the PWM mode to the burst or PFM mode at an appropriate current threshold (e.g.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 12V LEON-G100 8 VCC OUT 1 3 INH 50 VCC L1 D1 C1 6 FSW C6 R5 U1 2 SYNC C3 FB 5 COMP 4 R1 R3 C4 R4 C2 R2 GND 7 GND C5 Figure 6: Suggested schematic design for the VCC voltage supply application circuit using a low cost step-down regulator Reference Description Part Number - Manufacturer C1 22 µF Capacitor Ceramic X5R 1210 10% 25 V GRM32ER61E226KE15 – Murata C2 C3 100 µF Capacitor Tantalum B_SIZE 20% 6.3V 15mΩ 5.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual LEON-G100 5V 2 IN OUT 4 50 VCC U1 C1 R1 R2 1 SHDN ADJ GND 3 C2 5 GND R3 Figure 7: Suggested schematic design for the VCC voltage supply application circuit using an LDO linear regulator Reference Description Part Number - Manufacturer C1 C2 10 µF Capacitor Ceramic X5R 0603 20% 6.3 V 10 µF Capacitor Ceramic X5R 0603 20% 6.3 V GRM188R60J106ME47 - Murata GRM188R60J106ME47 - Murata R1 R2 47 kΩ Resistor 0402 5% 0.1 W 4.7 kΩ Resistor 0402 5% 0.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual DC series resistance: the no-rechargeable battery with its output circuit has to be capable to avoid a VCC voltage drop greater than 400 mV during transmit bursts Additional hints for the VCC supply application circuits To reduce voltage drops, use a low impedance power source.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.5.3 Current consumption profiles During operation, the current consumed by LEON-G100 through VCC pin can vary by several orders of magnitude. This is applied to ranges from the high peak of current consumption during the GSM transmitting bursts at maximum power level in connected mode, to the low current consumption in idle mode when power saving configuration is enabled. 1.5.3.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual slots/bursts) with a periodicity of 4.615 ms (width of 1 frame = 8 slots/bursts), so with a 1/4 duty cycle, according to GSM TDMA. Figure 10 reports the current consumption profiles with 2 slots used to transmit. Current [A] 2.5 2.0 1800 mA 1.5 Peak current depends on TX power 1.0 0.5 ~170 mA 0.0 RX slot 200mA ~170 mA ~40 mA unused unused slot slot TX slot TX slot unused slot MON slot unused slot RX slot unused unused slot slot GSM frame 4.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Current [mA] ~150 mA 150 100 50 0 500-700 µA Current [mA] Time [s] ~30 ms 0.44-2.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Current [mA] ~150 mA 150 100 50 20-22 mA 0 Time [s] 0.47-2.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.5.4 RTC supply (V_BCKP) V_BCKP connects the Real Time Clock (RTC) supply, generated internally by a linear regulator integrated in the module chipset. The output of this linear regulator is enabled when the main voltage supply providing the module through VCC is within the valid operating range, or if the module is switched-off. Name Description Remarks V_BCKP Real Time Clock supply V_BCKP = 2.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual (a) LEON-G100 2 (b) V_BCKP C1 (c) LEON-G100 2 R2 V_BCKP LEON-G100 2 V_BCKP 2V C2 (superCap) Figure 13: Real time clock supply (V_BCKP) application circuits: (a) using a 100 µF capacitor to let the RTC run for 50 s at 25°C; (b) using a 70 mF capacitor to let the RTC run for ~10 hours at 25°C when the VCC supply is removed; (c) using a not rechargeable battery Reference Description Part Number - Manufacturer C1 R2 100 µF Tantalum Capacitor 4.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.6.1.1 Rising edge on VCC When a supply is connected to VCC pin, the module supply supervision circuit controls the subsequent activation of the power up state machines: the module is switched-on when the voltage rises up to the VCC normal operating range minimum limit (3.35 V) starting from a voltage value lower than 2.25 V. 1.6.1.2 Low level on the PWR_ON Power-on sequence of the module starts when a low level is forced on the PWR_ON signal for at least 5 ms.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual LEON-G100 Power-on push button 2 V_BCKP 19 PWR_ON 100 k ESD Application Processor LEON-G100 2 V_BCKP 19 PWR_ON 100 k Figure 14: Power on (PWR_ON) application circuits using a push button or using an application processor 1.6.1.3 RTC alarm The module can be switched-on by the RTC alarm if a valid voltage is applied to VCC pin, when Real Time Clock system reaches a pre-defined scheduled time.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Start-up event Start of interfaces' configuration PWR_ON can be set high All interfaces are configured VCC V_BCKP PWR_ON * LDOs RESET_N System State OFF BB Pads State Tristate / Floating 0 ms ON Reset ~22 ms ~23 ms Reset → Operational ~45 ms Operational ~1500 ms Figure 15: Power on sequence description (* - the PWR_ON signal state is not relevant during this phase) UBX-13004888 - R01 Advance Information System description Page 31 of 118
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.6.2 Module power off The correct way to switch off LEON-G1 series modules is by means of the AT command AT+CPWROFF (more details in u-blox AT Commands Manual [2]): in this way the current parameter settings are saved in the module’s non-volatile memory and a proper network detach is performed.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.6.3 Module reset LEON-G100 modules can be reset using the RESET_N pin: when the RESET_N pin is forced low for at least 50 ms, an “external” or “hardware” reset is performed, that causes an asynchronous reset of the entire module, except for the RTC. Forcing an “external” or “hardware” reset, the current parameter settings are not saved in the module’s non-volatile memory and a proper network detach is not performed.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual LEON-G100 1.88 V Reset push button OUT Ferrite Bead ESD 12.6 k RESET_N 22 IN 47 pF Application Processor LEON-G100 1.88 V OUT Ferrite Bead 12.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual LEON-G100 1.88 V 220 OUT 330 k Ferrite Bead 12.6 k RESET_N 22 IN 47 pF Application Processor LEON-G100 1.88 V 22 k INPUT OUT 330 k Ferrite Bead 12.6 k RESET_N 22 IN 47 pF Application Processor LEON-G100 1.88 V OUT Ferrite Bead INPUT 680 k 12.6 k RESET_N 22 47 pF IN Figure 18: Application circuits to sense if the module is in the reset state The RESET_N is set low by the module for 160 µs to indicate that an internal reset occurs.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Depends on the pull-down strength (~35 µs with 680 k) HIGH = 1.88 V RESET_N LOW = 0 V 0 160 Reset state start Reset state end time [µs] Figure 19: RESET_N behavior due to an internal reset 1.6.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual The recommendations of the antenna producer for correct installation and deployment (PCB layout and matching circuitry) must be followed. If an external antenna is used, the PCB-to-RF-cable transition must be implemented using either a suitable 50 Ω connector, or an RF-signal solder pad (including GND) that is optimized for 50 Ω characteristic impedance.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual LEON-G100 SIM CARD HOLDER VSIM 35 CCVCC (C1) CCVPP (C6) SIM_IO 33 CCIO (C7) SIM_CLK 32 CCCLK (C3) SIM_RST 34 CCRST (C2) GND (C5) C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 D1 D2 C C C 5 6 7 C C C 1 2 3 SIM Card Bottom View (contacts side) J1 Figure 20: SIM interface application circuit Reference Description Part Number - Manufacturer C1, C2, C3, C4 C5 47 pF Capacitor Ceramic COG 0402 5% 25 V 100 nF Capacitor Ceramic X7R 0402 10% 16 V GRM1555C1H470JZ01 - Murata GRM155R
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.9 Serial communication 1.9.1 Asynchronous serial interface (UART) The UART interface is a 9-wire unbalanced asynchronous serial interface that provides an AT commands interface, GPRS data and CSD data, software upgrades. The UART interface provides RS-232 functionality conforming with ITU-T V.24 Recommendation [4], with CMOS compatible signal levels: 0 V for low data bit or ON state, and 2.85 V for high data bit or OFF state.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual All flow control handshakes are supported by the UART interface and can be set by appropriate AT commands (see u-blox AT Commands Manual [2], AT&K command): hardware flow control (RTS/CTS), software flow control (XON/XOFF), or no flow control. Autobauding is supported. It can be enabled or disabled by an AT command (see u-blox AT Commands Manual [2], AT+IPR command). Autobauding is enabled by default. Hardware flow control is enabled by default.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.9.1.2 UART signal behavior (AT commands interface case) See Table 4 for a description of operating modes and states referred to in this section. At the module switch-on, before the initialization of the UART interface (each pin is first tristated and then set to its corresponding reset state reported in the pin description table in the LEON-G1 series Data Sheet [1] (see the power on sequence description in Figure 15).
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual When an OFF-to-ON transition occurs on the RTS input line, the module switches from idle-mode to active-mode after 20 ms and the module does not enter idle-mode until the RTS input line is held in the ON state If RTS is set to OFF state by the DTE, the module automatically enters idle-mode whenever possible as in the AT+UPSV=1 configuration (cyclic idle/active mode) For more details see section 1.9.1.3 and u-blox AT Commands Manual [2], AT+UPSV command.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1s RI OFF RI ON 0 5 10 15 time [s] Call incomes Figure 22: RI behavior during an incoming call The RI line can notify an SMS arrival. When the SMS arrives, the RI line switches from OFF to ON for 1 s (see Figure 23), if the feature is enabled by the proper AT command (refer to u-blox AT Commands Manual [2], AT+CNMI command).
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual AT+UPSV HW flow control RTS line Communication during idle mode and wake up 0 Enabled (AT&K3) ON Data sent by the DTE will be correctly received by the module. 0 Enabled (AT&K3) OFF 0 Disabled (AT&K0) ON Data sent by the module will be buffered by the module and will be correctly received by the DTE when it will be ready to receive data (i.e. RTS line will be ON). Data sent by the DTE will be correctly received by the module.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Every subsequent character received during the active-mode, resets and restarts the timer; hence the activemode duration can be extended indefinitely. The behavior of hardware flow-control output (CTS line) during normal module operations with power-saving and HW flow control enabled (cyclic idle-mode and active-mode) is illustrated in Figure 24. Data input CTS OFF CTS ON time [s] max ~2.1 s UART disabled min ~11 ms UART enabled ~9.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Wake up from idle-mode to active-mode via data reception If a data is transmitted by the DTE during the module idle-mode, it will be lost (not correctly received by the module) in the following cases: AT+UPSV=1 with hardware flow control disabled AT+UPSV=2 with hardware flow control disabled and RTS line set to OFF When the module is in idle-mode, the TxD input line of the module is always configured to wake up the module from idle-mode to active-mode via
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Figure 26 shows the case where in addition to the wake-up character further (valid) characters are sent. The wake up character wakes-up the DCE. The other characters must be sent after the “wake up time” of 20 ms. If this condition is met, the characters are recognized by the DCE. The DCE is allowed to re-enter idle-mode after 2000 GSM frames from the latest data reception. Active mode is held for 2000 GSM frames (~9.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Application Processor (DTE) TxD LEON-G100 (DCE) 0Ω TP 0Ω TP 15 TXD 16 RXD RTS 13 RTS CTS 14 CTS DTR 12 DTR DSR 9 DSR RI 10 RI DCD 11 DCD RxD GND GND Figure 27: UART interface application circuit with complete V.24 link in the DTE/DCE serial communication Providing the TxD, RxD, RTS and CTS lines only (not using the complete V.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Providing the TxD and RxD lines only (not using the complete V24 link) If the functionality of the CTS, RTS, DSR, DCD, RI and DTR lines is not required in the application, or the lines are not available, the application circuit described in Figure 29 must be implemented: Connect the module DTR input line to GND, since the module requires DTR active (low electrical level) Connect the module RTS input line to GND, since the module requires RTS active (low ele
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual It is highly recommended to provide on an application board a direct access to RxD and TxD lines of the module (in addition to access to these lines from an application processor). This enables a direct connection of PC (or similar) to the module for execution of Firmware upgrade over the UART.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.9.2 DDC (I2C) interface 1.9.2.1 Overview 2 An I C compatible Display Data Channel (DDC) interface for communication with u-blox GNSS receivers is available on LEON-G100 modules. This interface is intended exclusively to access u-blox GNSS receivers. Name Description Remarks SCL SDA I2C bus clock line I2C bus data line Fixed open drain. External pull-up required. Fixed open drain. External pull-up required.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.9.2.2 DDC application circuit General considerations 2 The DDC (I C) interface of the LEON-G100 modules is used only to connect the wireless module to a u-blox 2 GNSS receiver: the DDC (I C) interface is enabled by the AT+UGPS command only (for more details refer to 2 u-blox AT Commands Manual [2]). The SDA and SCL lines must be connected to the DDC (I C) interface pins of the u-blox GNSS receiver (i.e.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual The pin must be connected to the active-high enable pin (or the active-low shutdown pin) of the voltage regulator that supplies the u-blox GNSS receiver on the application board. The “GNSS supply enable” function improves the current consumption of the GNSS receiver. When GNSS functionality is not required, the wireless module controlled by the application processor can completely switch off the GNSS receiver using AT commands.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual u-blox 3.0 V GNSS receiver LEON-G100 V_BCKP 2 V_BCKP 21 GPIO2 SDA2 31 SDA GNSS LDO Regulator 3V0 VCC OUT 3V0 IN SHDN C1 3V0 VMAIN GND R3 U1 R1 R2 SCL2 30 SCL TxD1 23 GPIO3 EXTINT0 24 GPIO4 Figure 30: Application circuit for LEON-G100 wireless modules and u-blox 3.0 V GNSS receivers Reference Description Part Number - Manufacturer R1, R2 4.7 kΩ Resistor 0402 5% 0.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.10 Audio LEON-G1 series modules provide four analog and one digital audio interfaces: Two microphone inputs: First microphone input can be used for direct connection of the electret condenser microphone of a handset.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual LEON-G100 pins related to the uplink path (microphones inputs) are: First microphone input: MIC_BIAS1: single ended supply to the first microphone and represents the microphone signal input MIC_GND1: local ground for the first microphone Second microphone input: MIC_BIAS2: single ended supply to the second microphone and represents the microphone signal input MIC_GND2: local ground for the second microphone For a description of the internal f
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Audio pins ESD sensitivity rating is 1 kV (HBM JESD22-A114F). A higher protection level could be required if the lines are externally accessible on the application board. A higher protection level can be achieved mounting an ESD protection (e.g. EPCOS CA05P4S14THSG varistor array) on the lines connected to these pins if they are externally accessible on the application board. If the audio pins are not used, they can be left floating on the application board. 1.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.10.1.4 Headset mode The audio path is automatically switched from handset mode to headset mode when a rising edge is detected by the module on HS_DET pin. The audio path returns to the handset mode when the line returns to low level. In headset mode the main uplink audio path is “Headset microphone”, the main downlink audio path is “Mono headset” (refer to u-blox AT Commands Manual [2]; AT+USPM command: , parameters).
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.10.1.5 Hands-free mode Hands-free mode can be implemented using a loudspeaker and a dedicated microphone. Hands-free functionality is implemented using appropriate DSP algorithms for voice-band handling (echo canceller and automatic gain control), managed via software (Refer to u-blox AT Commands Manual [2]; AT+UHFP command).
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.10.1.6 Connection to an external analog audio device MIC_BIAS1 / MIC_GND single ended analog audio inputs and the HS_P single ended analog audio output of LEON-G100 can be used to connect the module to an external analog audio device.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual LEON-G100 Audio Device C1 HS_P 37 Analog IN GND Reference C2 MIC_BIAS1 44 Analog OUT MIC_GND1 43 Reference LEON-G100 Audio Device HS_P 37 C3 R1 Positive Analog IN R2 GND Negative Analog IN MIC_BIAS1 44 R3 C4 Positive Analog OUT R4 MIC_GND1 43 Negative Analog OUT Figure 34: Application circuits to connect the module to audio devices with proper single-ended or differential input/output Reference Description Part Number - Manufacturer C1,
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 2 I S interface pins ESD sensitivity rating is 1 kV (HBM JESD22-A114F). A higher protection level could be required if the lines are externally accessible on the application board. A higher protection level can be achieved mounting an ESD protection (e.g. EPCOS CA05P4S14THSG varistor array) on the lines connected to these pins if they are externally accessible on the application board.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.10.2.1 PCM mode In PCM mode I2S_TX and I2S_RX are respectively parallel to the analog front end I2S_RX and I2S_TX as internal connections to the voice processing system (see Figure 36), so resources available for analog path can be shared: Digital filters and digital gains are available in both uplink and downlink direction.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.10.3 Voice-band processing system The digital voice-band processing on the LEON-G100 is implemented in the DSP core inside the baseband chipset. The analog audio front-end of the chipset is connected to the digital system through 16 bit ADC converters in the uplink path, and through 16 bit DAC converters in the downlink path.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual The circular buffer is a 3000 word buffer to store and mix the voice-band samples from Midi synthesizer. The buffer has a circular structure, so that when the write pointer reaches the end of the buffer, it is wrapped to the begin address of the buffer. Two different sample-based sample rate converters are used: an interpolator, required to convert the samplebased voice-band processing sampling rate of 8 kHz to the analog audio front-end output rate of 47.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual mounting an ESD protection (e.g. EPCOS CA05P4S14THSG varistor array) on the line connected to this pin if it is externally accessible on the application board. If the ADC1 pin is not used, it can be left floating on the application board. The electrical behavior of the measurement circuit in voltage mode can be modeled by a circuit equivalent to that shown in Figure 37.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.11.1 ADC calibration To improve the absolute accuracy of the 12-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC), it is suggested to follow the calibration procedure here described.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.12 General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) LEON-G1 series modules provide some pins which can be configured as general purpose input or output, or to provide special functions via u-blox AT commands (for further details refer to u-blox AT Commands Manual [2], AT+UGPIOC, AT+UGPIOR, AT+UGPIOW, AT+UGPS, AT+UGPRF, AT+USPM). For each pin the GPIO configuration is saved in the non volatile memory. For more details refer to u-blox AT commands manual [2].
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual The pin must be connected to the synchronization timing input of the u-blox GNSS receiver (i.e. the pin EXTINT0 of the u-blox GNSS receiver) on the application board. Headset detection: The HS_DET pin is by default configured by AT+UGPIOC command to detect headset presence. Only the HS_DET pin can be configured to provide the “Headset detection” function, setting the parameter of AT+UGPIOC command to 8 (default setting).
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Pad disabled: All the GPIOs (GPIO1, GPIO2, GPIO3, GPIO4 and HS_DET) can be configured in tri-state with an internal active pull-down enabled, as a not used pin, setting the parameter of +UGPIOC AT command to 255.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual u-blox 3.0V GNSS receiver LEON-G100 3V8 LDO Regulator IN GPIO2 21 GNSS Supply Enable GPIO4 23 24 VCC SHDN R1 GPIO3 3V0 OUT C1 GND U1 GNSS Data Ready TxD1 GNSS RTC sharing EXTINT0 Headset Connector HS_DET 18 Headset Detection 5 2 J1 D1 3V8 R4 DL1 GPIO1 20 TestPoint Network Indicator R2 T1 R3 Figure 38: GPIO application circuit Reference Description Part Number - Manufacturer R1 47 kΩ Resistor 0402 5% 0.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.13 Schematic for module integration Figure 39 is an example of a schematic diagram where the LEON-G100 module is integrated into an application board, using all the interfaces of the module. LEON-G100 Li-Ion battery ANT 3V8 50 Antenna 47 3V8 VCC + ESD 330µF 100nF 10nF LDO Regulator IN 39pF 10pF GND GPIO2 21 u-blox 3.0V GNSS Receiver 3V0_GNSS VCC OUT SHDN 47k 4.7k GND 4.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.14 Approvals For the complete list of all the certification schemes approvals of LEON-G1 series modules and the corresponding declarations of conformity, refer to the u-blox web-site (http://www.u-blox.com). 1.14.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.14.2 Federal Communications Commission and Industry Canada notice Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ID: XPYLEONG100N Industry Canada (IC) Certification Numbers: 8595A-LEONG100N 1.14.2.1 Safety Warnings review the structure Equipment for building-in.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Radio Frequency (RF) Exposure Information The radiated output power of the u-blox Wireless Module is below the Industry Canada (IC) radio frequency exposure limits. The u-blox Wireless Module should be used in such a manner such that the potential for human contact during normal operation is minimized.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 1.14.3 R&TTED and European Conformance CE mark LEON-G1 series modules have been evaluated against the essential requirements of the 1999/5/EC Directive. In order to satisfy the essential requirements of the 1999/5/EC Directive, the modules are compliant with the following standards: Radio Frequency spectrum use (R&TTE art. 3.2): o EN 301 511 V9.0.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility (R&TTE art. 3.1b): o EN 301 489-1 V1.9.2 o EN 301 489-7 V1.4.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 2 Design-in 2.1 Design-in checklist This section provides a design-in checklist. 2.1.1 Schematic checklist The following are the most important points for a simple schematic check: DC supply must provide a nominal voltage at VCC pin above the minimum normal operating range limit. VCC supply should be clean, with very low ripple/noise: suggested passive filtering parts can be inserted.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Ensure proper grounding. Consider “No-routing” areas for the Data Module footprint. Optimize placement for minimum length of RF line and closer path from DC source for VCC. 2.1.3 Antenna checklist Antenna should have 50 Ω impedance, V.S.W.R less then 3:1, recommended 2:1 on operating bands in deployment geographical area.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Rank Function 1st RF Antenna In/out 2nd DC Supply 3rd Analog Audio Pin(s) Layout Remarks ANT Very Important Design for 50 characteristic impedance. See section 2.2.1.1 VCC line should be wide and short. Route away from sensitive analog signals. See section 2.2.1.2 Avoid coupling with noisy signals. See section 2.2.1.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual The transmission line must be routed in a section of the PCB where minimal interference from noise sources can be expected Route ANT line far from other sensitive circuits as it is a source of electromagnetic interference Avoid coupling with VCC routing and analog audio lines Ensure solid metal connection of the adjacent metal layer on the PCB stack-up to main ground layer Add GND vias around transmission line Ensure no other signals are rou
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual The module automatically initiates an emergency shutdown if supply voltage drops below hardware threshold. In addition, reduced supply voltage can set a worst case operation point for RF circuitry that may behave incorrectly. It follows that each voltage drop in the DC supply track will restrict the operating margin at the main DC source output. Therefore, the PCB connection has to exhibit a minimum or zero voltage drop.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual It is strongly recommended to route MIC signals away from battery and RF antenna lines. Try to skip fast switching digital lines as well Keep ground separation from other noisy signals. Use an intermediate GND layer or vias wall for coplanar signals MIC_BIAS and MIC_GND carry also the bias for external electret active microphone. Verify that microphone is connected with right polarity, i.e.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 2.2.1.5 Other sensitive pins A few other pins on the LEON-G100 require careful layout. Backup battery (V_BCKP): avoid injecting noise on this voltage domain as it may affect the stability of sleep oscillator Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC1): it is a high impedance analog input; the conversion accuracy will be degraded if noise injected.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 2.2.2 Footprint and paste mask Figure 42 and Figure 43 describe the footprint and provide recommendations for the paste mask for LEON-G100 modules. These are recommendations only and not specifications. The copper and solder masks have the same size and position. 0.8 mm [31.5 mil] Stencil: 120 µm 1.1 mm [43.3 mil] 0.6 mm [23.6 mil] 0.8 mm [31.5 mil] 1.55 mm [61.0 mil] 17.1 mm [673.2 mil] 18.9 mm [744.1 mil] 21.3 mm [838.6 mil] 18.9 mm [744.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Figure 44: Ground copper and signal keep-out below data module on application motherboard due to due to VCC area, RF ANT pin and exposed GND pad on data module bottom layer UBX-13004888 - R01 Advance Information Design-in Page 85 of 118
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Figure 45: Signals keep-out below data module on application motherboard due to GND opening on data module bottom layer for internal RF signals Routing below LEON-G100 on application motherboard is generally possible but not recommended: in addition to the required keep-out defined before, consider that the insulation offered by the solder mask painting may be weakened corresponding to micro-vias on LEON-G100 bottom layer, thus increasing the risk of short to GND
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Case-to-Ambient thermal resistance value will be different than the one provided if the module is mounted on a PCB with different size and characteristics. 2.4 Antenna guidelines Antenna characteristics are essential for good functionality of the module. The radiating performance of antennas has direct impact on the reliability of connection over the Air Interface. Bad termination of ANT can result in poor performance of the module.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 2.4.1 Antenna termination LEON-G100 modules are designed to work on a 50 Ω load. However, real antennas have no perfect 50 Ω load on all the supported frequency bands.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 2.4.2 Antenna radiation An indication of the radiated power by the antenna can be approximated by measuring the |S 2\| from a target antenna to the measurement antenna, measured with a network analyzer using a wideband antenna. Measurements should be done at a fixed distance and orientation. Compare the results to measurements performed on a known good antenna. Figure 48 through Figure 49 show measurement results.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual For good antenna radiation performance, antenna dimensions should be comparable to a quarter of the wavelength. Different antenna types can be used for the module, many of them (e.g. patch antennas, monopole) are based on a resonating element that works in combination with a ground plane.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 2.4.3 Antenna detection functionality The internal antenna detect circuit is based on ADC measurement at ANT pin: the RF port is DC coupled to the ADC unit in the baseband chip which injects a DC current (30 µA for 250 µs) on ANT and measures the resulting DC voltage to evaluate the resistance from ANT pad to GND.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual It is recommended to use an antenna with a built-in diagnostic resistor in the range from 5 kΩ to 30 kΩ to assure good antenna detection functionality and to avoid a reduction of module RF performances. For example: consider GSM antennas with built-in DC load resistor of 15 kΩ. Using the +UANTR AT command, the module reports the resistance value evaluated from ANT pad to GND: Reported values close to the used diagnostic resistor nominal value (i.e.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 2.5 ESD immunity test precautions 2.5.1 ESD immunity test overview The immunity of devices integrating LEON-G100 modules to Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) phenomenon is part of the Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) conformity, which is required for products bearing the CE marking, compliant with the R&TTE Directive (99/5/EC), with the EMC Directive (89/336/EEC) and with the Low Voltage Directive (73/23/EEC) issued by the Commission of the European Community.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Table 34 reports the u-blox LEON-G1 series reference design ESD immunity test results, according to test requirements stated in the CENELEC EN 61000-4-2 [10], ETSI EN 301 489-1 [11] and ETSI EN 301 489-7 [12].
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual A series ferrite bead (e.g. Murata BLM15HD182SN1) must be added on the line connected to the RESET_N pin to avoid a module reset caused by an electrostatic discharge applied to the application board enclosure It is recommended to keep the connection line to RESET_N as short as possible Maximum ESD sensitivity rating of the RESET_N pin is 1 kV (Human Body Model according to JESD22-A114).
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Maximum ESD sensitivity rating of SIM interface pins is 1 kV (Human Body Model according to JESD22-A114). Higher protection level could be required if SIM interface pins are externally accessible on the application board. The following precautions are suggested to achieve higher protection level: A low capacitance (i.e. less than 10 pF) ESD protection device (e.g.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 3 Feature description 3.1 Network indication The GPIO1, or GPIO2, GPIO3, GPIO4 and HS_DET can be changed from their default settings and be configured to indicate network status (i.e. no service, registered home network, registered visitor network, voice or data call enabled), by means of the AT+UGPIOC command. For the detailed description, refer to section 1.12 and to u-blox AT Commands Manual [2], GPIO commands. 3.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 3.5 TCP/IP Via the AT commands it is possible to access the TCP/IP functionalities over the GPRS connection. For more details about AT commands see the u-blox AT Commands Manual [2]. 3.5.1 Multiple IP addresses and sockets Using LEON-G100’s embedded TCP/IP or UDP/IP stack, only 1 IP instance (address) is supported. The IP instance supports up to 16 sockets.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 3.10 Hybrid positioning and CellLocateTM Although satellite positioning is a widespread technology, its reliance on the visibility of extremely weak GNSS satellite signals means that positioning is not always possible. Especially difficult environments for GNSS signals are indoors, in enclosed or underground parking garages, as well as in urban canyons where the signals are blocked or jammed by multipath interference.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 3. If a new device reports the observation of Cell A, then CellLocate position from the area of visibility. TM is able to provide the estimated 4. The visibility of multiple cells provides increased accuracy based on the intersection of areas of visibility. TM TM CellLocate is implemented using a set of two AT commands that allow configuration of the CellLocate service (AT+ULOCCELL) and requesting position according to the user configuration (AT+ULOC).
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual been triggered and the GNSS receiver calculates the position, a database self-learning mechanism has been implemented so that these positions are sent to the server to update the database and maintain its accuracy. 2 The use of hybrid positioning requires a connection via the DDC (I C) bus between the LEON-G100 module and the u-blox GNSS receiver (see section 1.9.2). Refer to GNSS application note [3] for the complete description of the feature.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 3.12 Smart temperature management Wireless modules – independent of the specific model – always have a well-defined operating temperature range. This range should be respected to guarantee full device functionality and long life span. Nevertheless, there are environmental conditions that can affect operating temperature, e.g. if the device is located near a heating/cooling source, if there is/is not air circulating, etc.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual No Feature disabled: no action IF STS enabled Yes Feature enabled (full logic or indication only) Read temperature Yes Temperature is within normal operating range No No further actions IF (t-1
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 3.12.2 Threshold definitions When the wireless module application operates at extreme temperatures with Smart Temperature Supervisor activated, the user should note that outside the valid temperature range the device will automatically shut down as described above. The input for the algorithm is always the temperature measured within the wireless module (Ti, internal).
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 3.14 Power saving The power saving configuration is by default disabled, but it can be enabled using the AT+UPSV command. When power saving is enabled, the module automatically enters the low power idle-mode whenever possible, reducing current consumption. During low power idle-mode, the module is not ready to communicate with an external device by means of the application interfaces, since it is configured to reduce power consumption.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 4 Handling and soldering No natural rubbers, no hygroscopic materials nor materials containing asbestos are employed. 4.1 Packaging, shipping, storage and moisture preconditioning For information pertaining to reels and tapes, Moisture Sensitivity levels (MSD), shipment and storage information, as well as drying for preconditioning see the LEON-G1 series Data Sheet [1]. LEON-G100 modules are Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) sensitive devices.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Preheat phase Initial heating of component leads and balls. Residual humidity will be dried out. This preheat phase will not replace prior baking procedures. Temperature rise rate: max 3°C/s If the temperature rise is too rapid in the preheat phase it may cause excessive slumping. Time: 60 – 120 s If the preheat is insufficient, rather large solder balls tend to be generated.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 4.2.3 Optical inspection After soldering the LEON-G1 series module, inspect the modules optically to verify that he module is properly aligned and centered. 4.2.4 Cleaning Cleaning the soldered modules is not recommended. Residues underneath the modules cannot be easily removed with a washing process. Cleaning with water will lead to capillary effects where water is absorbed in the gap between the baseboard and the module.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 4.2.10 Casting If casting is required, use viscose or another type of silicon pottant. The OEM is strongly advised to qualify such processes in combination with the LEON-G100 module before implementing this in the production. Casting will void the warranty. 4.2.11 Grounding metal covers Attempts to improve grounding by soldering ground cables, wick or other forms of metal strips directly onto the EMI covers is done at the customer's own risk.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual 5 Product testing 5.1 u-blox in-series production test u-blox focuses on high quality for its products. All produced modules are fully tested. Defective units are analyzed in detail to improve the production quality. This is achieved with automatic test equipment, which delivers a detailed test report for each unit.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Components assembly on the device; it should be verified that: o Communication with host controller can be established o The interfaces between module and device are working o Overall RF performance test of the device including antenna Dedicated tests can be implemented to check the device. For example, the measurement of module current consumption when set in a specified status can detect a short circuit if compared with a “Golden Device” result.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual GSM ANTENNA APPLICATION PROCESSOR AT COMMAND SPECTRUM ANALYZER LEON RF POWER TX APPLICATION BOARD GSM ANTENNA APPLICATION PROCESSOR AT COMMAND WIDEBAND ANTENNA WIDEBAND ANTENNA SIGNAL GENERATOR LEON RF POWER RX APPLICATION BOARD Figure 57: Setup with spectrum analyzer and signal generator for radiated measurement This feature allows the measurement of the transmitter and receiver power level to check components assembly related to the module anten
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual To avoid module damage during transmitter test when good antenna termination is not guaranteed, use a low PCL level (max 15). u-blox assumes no responsibilities for module damaging caused by an inappropriate use of this feature. 2. Trigger TX burst at maximum PCL: o To check if the power supply is correctly assembled and is able to deliver the required current 3. Trigger TX burst: o To measure current consumption 4.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual A Glossary 3GPP AC ADC ADN AMR ASIC AT BB CBCH CBS CLK CMOS CS CTS DAC DC DCD DCE DCS DDC DL DRX DSP DSR DTE DTR EBU EEP EGSM EM EMC EMI EMS ESD ESR EUT FAQ FDN FET FFS FIR FOAT FOTA FTP FW GND GPIO GPRS GPS GSM HDLC HTTP I/O I/Q 2 IC 2 IS IIR UBX-13004888 - R01 3rd Generation Partnership Project Alternating Current Analog to Digital Converter Abbreviated Dialing Numbers Adaptive Multi Rate Application Specific Integrated Circuit AT command Interpreter Software
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual IP ISO ITU LDN LDO LED LNA M2M ME MIDI MSB MSD MSL MUX NOM NTC OSI PA PBCCH PCCCH PC PCB PCM PCS PICS PIXIT PMU PPS PSRAM RF RI RoHS RTC RTS RX RXD SAR SAW SCL SDA SDN SIM SMA SMS SMTP STK SW TCH TCP TDMA TS TX TXD UART UDP UL VCO VSWR WA UBX-13004888 - R01 Internet Protocol International Organization for Standardization International Telecomunication Union Last Dialed Numbers Low-Dropout Light Emitting Diode Low Noise Amplifier Machine to Machine Mobile Equipme
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Related documents [1] u-blox LEON-G1 series Data Sheet, Docu No UBX-13004887 [2] [3] u-blox AT Commands Manual, Docu No UBX-13002752 GNSS Implementation Application Note, Docu No UBX-13001849 [4] ITU-T Recommendation V.24, 02-2000. List of definitions for interchange circuits between data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE). http://www.itu.int/rec/T-RECV.24-200002-I/en [5] 3GPP TS 27.
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Revision history Revision Date Name Status / Comments R01 29-Nov-2013 lpah Initial release UBX-13004888 - R01 Advance Information Revision history Page 117 of 118
LEON-G1 series - System Integration Manual Contact For complete contact information visit us at www.u-blox.com u-blox Offices North, Central and South America u-blox America, Inc. Phone: +1 703 483 3180 E-mail: info_us@u-blox.com Regional Office West Coast: Phone: +1 408 573 3640 E-mail: info_us@u-blox.com Headquarters Europe, Middle East, Africa u-blox AG Phone: +41 44 722 74 44 E-mail: info@u-blox.com Support: support@u-blox.com Technical Support: Phone: E-mail: +1 703 483 3185 support_us@u-blox.
