TT21/TT22 Mode S Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00-AF 13 July 2009 Trig Avionics Limited Heriot Watt Research Park Riccarton, Currie EH14 4AP Scotland, UK Copyright Trig Avionics Limited, 2009
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TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF CONTENTS 1. 2. 3. 4. PREFACE ...............................................................................................1 1.1 PURPOSE ...........................................................................................1 1.2 SCOPE ...............................................................................................1 1.3 CHANGES FROM PREVIOUS ISSUE......................................................1 1.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 5. 13 July 2009 Issue AF INSTALLATION .................................................................................11 5.1 UNPACKING AND INSPECTING EQUIPMENT ......................................11 5.2 CONTROLLER MOUNTING................................................................11 5.3 TRANSPONDER MAIN UNIT MOUNTING...........................................12 5.4 COOLING REQUIREMENTS .......................................................
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 5.9 D CONNECTOR CRIMP TERMINALS .................................................18 5.10 WIRING CONSIDERATIONS...............................................................19 5.11 ANTENNA INSTALLATION ................................................................21 5.11.1 Antenna Ground Plane...........................................................21 5.11.2 Antenna Cable ........................................................................
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 8. 13 July 2009 Issue AF NORMAL OPERATION ....................................................................36 8.1 OVERVIEW ......................................................................................36 8.2 DISPLAY ..........................................................................................36 8.3 MODE SELECTOR KNOB ..................................................................37 8.4 PUSH BUTTONS .......................
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 1. Preface 1.1 Purpose This manual describes the physical and electrical characteristics and the installation requirements for a TT21/TT22 Mode S Transponder and associated TC20 controller. 1.2 Scope This document applies to the installation of the TT21 or TT22 Mode S Transponder. At the publication date of this manual the software version identifier for the TT21 and TT22 is 1.3 and the FPGA version identifier is 1.2.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 2. Introduction 2.1 TT21/TT22 Description The TT21/TT22 Mode S transponder system is an ED-73B compliant Mode S level 2els datalink transponder, with support for ADS-B extended squitter, elementary surveillance and SI codes, which also meets the relevant environmental requirements of ED-14F. The TT21 has a nominal power output of 125 Watts, and meets the power output requirements for Class 2.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF Front Panel Datalink A two wire data link is used to connect the TT21/TT22 and the controller. Front Panel Power The controller is powered from the transponder. Remote On/Off The on-off switching is on the controller, and switches this input. Ident input External IDENT switch input. Standby input External standby input for dual transponder installations.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 3. Technical Specifications 3.1 TT21 Transponder Unit (00675-00) Specification Characteristics Compliance ETSO 2C112b Class 2 Level 2els, ETSO C166a Class B0 FCC Identification VZI00675 Applicable documents EUROCAE ED-73B, EUROCAE ED-14F (RTCA DO-160F), RTCA DO-181D, RTCA DO-260A change 2 Software ED-12B (RTCA DO-178B) Level B Hardware DO-254 Level C Power Requirements 11 – 33 Volts DC. Typical 5 Watts @ 14Volts.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF Physical Specifications (in the mounting tray) Height 48mm (1.9”) Width 66mm (2.5”) Length 160mm (6.3”) Weight 0.77lbs. (350 g) 3.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 Receiver Frequency 1030 MHz Receiver Sensitivity -74dBm ± 3dB 13 July 2009 Issue AF Physical Specifications (in the mounting tray) Height 48mm (1.9”) Width 66mm (2.5”) Length 160mm (6.3”) Weight 0.77lbs. (350 g) 3.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 3.4 Installation Approval The conditions and tests required for the TSO approval of the TT21/TT22 Mode S Transponder are minimum performance standards. It is the responsibility of those desiring to install this transponder on or within a specific type or class of aircraft to determine that the aircraft operating conditions are within the TSO standards.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 4. Unit and Accessories supplied 4.1 TT21 Mode S Transponder Items The TT21 Mode S transponder includes the following items: Unit Description Qty Part Number TT21 Mode S Transponder 1 00675-00 TT21/TT22 Mounting Tray 1 00667-00 4.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF Manual TT21/TT22 Pilots Operating Manual 1 00559-00 Mounting adapter (circular hole adapter) 2 00678-00 Connector Co-axial TNC 1 00723-00 Headshell, 9 Way 1 00725-00 Headshell, 25 way 1 00726-00 9 way D-type contact housing (female) 1 00727-00 25 way D-type contact housing (male) 1 00728-00 Crimp Terminal, Male, 22-24 AWG 20 00729-00 Crimp Terminal, Female, 22-24 AWG 9 00730-00 Static tubing, EPDM 5mm ID 1
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF Fixings. To secure the transponder tray to the airframe you will need at least 3 flat head screws and three self-locking nuts. If the aircraft does not have existing mounting provisions you may need to fabricate additional brackets to support the transponder tray. To support the optional ADS-B features a GPS receiver with an appropriate serial output is required.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 5. Installation 5.1 Unpacking and Inspecting Equipment Carefully unpack the transponder and make a visual inspection of the unit for evidence of any damage incurred during shipment. If the unit is damaged, notify the shipping company to file a claim for the damage. To justify your claim, save the original shipping container and all packaging materials. 5.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF provided. The screws supplied are appropriate for panel thicknesses from 3 mm to 5 mm. If a thinner panel is used, you may need to exchange the screws for shorter versions since they can bottom out in the mounting holes. If alternate screws are required, please note that the mounting thread in each case is 4-40. 5.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF to limit the maximum operating temperature if the TT21/TT22 is installed in close proximity to other avionics. The reliability of equipment operating in close proximity in an avionics bay can be degraded if adequate cooling is not provided. 5.5 TT21/TT22 Transponder Electrical Connections The TT21/TT22 has a single 25 way female socket which provides the data and power inputs to the transponder.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 16 Reserved - 17 External Standby In Input 18 Mutual Suppression Bidirectional 19 Squat Switch In Input 20 Ident Switch In Input 21 Reserved - 22 Reserved - 23 Reserved - 24 Reserved - 25 Reserved - The following diagram shows the connector orientation as viewed from the wiring side. 5.6 TT21/TT22 Transponder Interface Details 5.6.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF directional interface between the transponder and the control head. Each TMAP interface comprises a balanced pair of signals, called A and B, both of which must be connected for communication to work. There are two sets of TMAP pins on the TT21/TT22, TMAP1 A and B, and TMAP2 A and B. This is to support future installation wiring options.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 5.6.6 Ident Switch Input The Ident switch input allows the IDENT function to be selected using a remote switch. The input is active low, and will be asserted when the voltage to ground is pulled below approximately 4 Volts. 5.6.7 Squat Switch Input The Squat switch input allows the transponder to automatically switch between Airborne and Ground modes, and affects both the Mode S reply behaviour and the ADS-B reporting behaviour.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 5.7 TC20 Controller Electrical Connections The TC20 controller has a single 9 way D type male connector to link to the transponder, and optionally to connect to a GPS for baro-aiding. 5.7.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 5.8 TC20 Controller Interface Details 5.8.1 TMAP Bus TMAP is a Trig proprietary bus based on RS485 signalling. It provides a bidirectional interface between the transponder and the control head. Each TMAP interface comprises a balanced pair of signals, called A and B, both of which must be connected for communication to work.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF easier to assemble in-situ in an aircraft, where soldering is impractical. They also allow individual wires to be removed and replaced in a receptacle without replacing the whole connector. The pin contacts, used in the 25 way connector, conform to MIL part number M39029/64-369, and are suitable for wire gauges from 20 to 24 AWG.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF The TT21/TT22 /TC20 was tested and certified using unshielded, untwisted wiring, and that is sufficient for a certified installation. There may however be technical benefits of improved electromagnetic emissions and susceptibility to and from the transponder system if the two wires of the TMAP pair are lightly twisted together – one twist per 1 to 2 inches is appropriate.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 5.11 Antenna Installation The antenna should be installed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The following considerations should be taken into account when siting the Antenna. The antenna should be well removed from any projections, the engine(s) and propeller(s). It should also be well removed from landing gear doors, access doors or others openings which will break the ground plane for the antenna.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF avoided, as should circles. Rectangles or squares are much less likely to create a critical dimension that resonates with the transmissions. The smallest practical ground plane is a square around 120mm per side; as the size increases the performance may actually get worse, but will be better by the time the ground plane is 700mm on each side. Anything much larger than that size is unlikely to show significant further improvement.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF from too-tight bends or from momentary kinking during installation. Once kinked, these cables do not return to full performance when straightened. The following table is a guide to the maximum usable lengths of some common cable types. Actual cable loss varies between manufacturers, there are many variants, and the table is therefore based on typical data.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF Route the cable away from sources of heat. Route the cable away from potential interference sources such as ignition wiring, 400Hz generators, fluorescent lighting and electric motors. Allow a minimum separation of 300mm (12 inches) from an ADF antenna cable. Keep the cable run as short as possible. Avoid routing the cable round tight bends. Avoid kinking the cable even temporarily during installation.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF Dimension Cut size (mm) Cut size (inches) A 17.5 0.69 B 7.2 0.28 C 4.8 0.19 Crimp the centre contact to the cable. Insert the cable into the connector – the centre contact should click into place in the body, the inner shield should be inside the body of the connector and the outer shield should be outside the body. Crimp the outer sleeve over the shield.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF the altitude encoder. Take care not to contaminate the inside of the static line when cutting or inserting the connectors. The following diagram shows the general arrangement, although other combinations may be used: For aircraft with ¼ inch static lines, two adapters are provided which can convert from ¼ inch inside diameter hoses to the 5 mm hose in the install kit.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 6. Installation Setup and Test The TT21/TT22 uses a simple setup system to program important system parameters, including the Mode S address. In the original factory configuration, the setup screen is the first thing that runs when you switch on the transponder.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 8 digit octal number. The TT21/TT22 only understands the hexadecimal format, so you must first convert an octal number to hexadecimal. There is an Octal to Hexadecimal converter tool in the support section of the Trig Avionics web site. Enter the 6 digit aircraft address using the rotary knob and the ENT button. 6.1.2 VFR Squawk Code When the pilot presses the VFR button, a pre-programmed code will replace the current squawk code.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 6.1.5 Aircraft Category To assist ATC tracking of aircraft, an aircraft category can be transmitted by Mode S transponders. Using the rotary knob, select the aircraft category that most closely matches the aircraft the transponder is installed in. 6.1.6 Squat Switch Source The Squat switch input allows the transponder to automatically switch between Airborne and Ground modes, and to automatically start and stop the flight timer.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 Equipment 13 July 2009 Issue AF Transmitted Integrity Level VFR only GPS or uncertified installation Low GPS installation certified for en-route and terminal IFR navigation Medium GPS installation certified with augmentation, such as WAAS or LAAS High 6.1.10 Aircraft Length and Width On the ground, ADS-B transmits encoded aircraft size information which is used by ATC to identify taxiing routes and potential conflicts.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 6.2 Test and Calibration items 6.2.1 Voltage Check The Voltage Check screen displays the current input voltage received by the control head from the TT21/TT22. Whilst displaying this screen theTC20 will exercise certain internal functions in the controller, including periodically turning on the heater circuit. The purpose of these exercises is to present a changing load on the power lines from the TT21/TT22.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 6.2.2.1 Calibration Equipment To calibrate the encoder you will need to be able to power up the transponder subsystem, and you will need a pitot-static test set with the appropriate adapters to connect to the static port on the aircraft. The pitot-static test set should be able to drive the altitude down to sea level, and above the service ceiling of the aircraft.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF mode on the controller. 4. Skip over the configuration modes until reaching the encoder calibration section. 5. Accept the Yes/No question; the LOW ALTITUDE set point will now be active, and an altitude will be displayed. 6. On the static test set, drive the altitude to 0 feet. 7.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 17. On the static test set, drive the altitude to 30,000 feet. 18. Read the primary altimeter value, and turn the right knob on the TC20 until the altitude displayed on the TC20 matches the altitude on the primary altimeter. 19. Press ENT on the TC20; the display moves to the test screen.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 7. Post Installation Checks Post installation checks should be carried out in accordance with your certification requirements. These checks should include: Mode S interrogations to verify correct address programming. Verification of the reported altitude using a static tester. Where installed, verification of correct squat switch ground/airborne indications.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 8. Normal Operation 8.1 Overview On the front panel is a monochrome LCD display flanked by a rotary mode selector knob (OFF, SBY, GND, ON, and ALT) and a continuously rotating knob used for code and data entry. 8.2 Display The display shows the operating mode of the transponder, the reported pressure altitude, and the current squawk code and Flight ID. The reply indicator is active when the transponder replies to interrogations.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 8.3 Mode Selector Knob The left hand knob controls the power to the transponder and the operating mode. OFF Power is removed from the transponder. SBY The transponder is on, but will not reply to any interrogations. GND The transponder will respond to Mode S ground interrogations from surface movement radar. ON The transponder will respond to all interrogations, but altitude reporting is suppressed.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 8.5 Code Selector Knob The right hand knob is used to set squawk codes and the Flight ID. The FN button selects which will be updated. Turning the knob will highlight the first digit on the display, and the digit can be changed as required. Press the ENT button to advance to the next digit. When ENT is pressed on the last digit, the new squawk code or Flight ID will replace the previous value.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF for the cockpit to warm up to ensure normal operation. 8.8 Warning Messages If the transponder detects a problem, the screen will indicate WARNING and a brief statement of the problem. Depending on the nature of the problem, your transponder may not be replying to interrogations. Note the message on the screen and pass that information to your avionics maintenance organisation.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 9. Continued Airworthiness Other than for periodic functional checks required by the regulations, the TT21/TT22 Mode S transponder has been designed and manufactured to allow “on condition maintenance”. This means that there are no periodic service requirements necessary to maintain continued airworthiness, and no maintenance is required until the equipment does not properly perform its intended function.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 10. Limited Warranty Trig Avionics Limited warrants our products to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of two (2) years from the date of installation by an authorised dealer. This warranty covers repair and/or replacement at our option, of any parts found to be defective, provided such defects in our opinion are due to faulty material or workmanship and are not caused by tampering, abuse, or normal wear.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 11. Environmental Qualification Forms Nomenclature: TT21 Mode S Transponder Part Number: 00675-(XX) ETSO: 2C112b, C166a Manufacturer: Trig Avionics Limited Address: Heriot Watt Research Park, Riccarton, Currie, Scotland, EH14 4AP Conditions DO-160F Section Description of Conducted Tests Temperature and Altitude 4.0 Low temperature ground survival 4.5.1 -55°C Low temperature shorttime operating 4.5.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF Vibration 8.0 Aircraft zone 2; type 3, 4, 5 to category S level M, type 1 (Helicopters) to category U level G Explosion 9.0 Equipment identified as Category X – no test required Waterproofness 10.0 Equipment identified as Category X – no test required Fluids Susceptibility 11.0 Equipment identified as Category X – no test required Sand and Dust 12.0 Equipment identified as Category X – no test required Fungus 13.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF Nomenclature: TT22 Mode S Transponder Part Number: 00745-(XX) ETSO: 2C112b, C166a Manufacturer: Trig Avionics Limited Address: Heriot Watt Research Park, Riccarton, Currie, Scotland, EH14 4AP Conditions DO-160F Section Description of Conducted Tests Temperature and Altitude 4.0 Low temperature ground survival 4.5.1 -55°C Low temperature shorttime operating 4.5.1 -40°C Low temperature operating 4.5.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF Explosion 9.0 Equipment identified as Category X – no test required Waterproofness 10.0 Equipment identified as Category X – no test required Fluids Susceptibility 11.0 Equipment identified as Category X – no test required Sand and Dust 12.0 Equipment identified as Category X – no test required Fungus 13.0 Equipment identified as Category X – no test required Salt Spray 14.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF Nomenclature TC20 Mode S Controller Part Number: 00649-(XX) ETSO: 2C112b, C88a Manufacturer Trig Avionics Limited Address Heriot Watt Research Park, Riccarton, Currie, Scotland, EH14 4AP Conditions DO-160F Section Description of Conducted Tests Temperature and Altitude 4.0 Low temperature ground survival 4.5.1 -55°C Low temperature shorttime operating 4.5.1 -25°C Low temperature operating 4.5.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF Explosion 9.0 Equipment identified as Category X – no test required Waterproofness 10.0 Equipment tested to Category W (front face only) Fluids Susceptibility 11.0 Equipment identified as Category X – no test required Sand and Dust 12.0 Equipment identified as Category X – no test required Fungus 13.0 Equipment identified as Category X – no test required Salt Spray 14.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 12. ADS-B Compliance TT21/TT22 transponders include support for Extended Squitter ADS-B out. The TT21/TT22 is a DO-260A change 2 compliant class B0 broadcast-only participant. 12.1 ADS-B Parameters Supported The following table lists the ADS-B parameters that are transmitted by the TT21 transponder when connected to an appropriate GPS receiver.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF Quality Indicator (SIL) 6,5 Version Indicator 6,5 Surface Length/Width 6,5 In addition the TEST message with 4096 squawk code information can also be transmitted to support coordination with ATC radar systems. TEST message transmission status is an installation option. In all cases, uncompensated latency due to the transponder is less than 10 milliseconds.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF Experimental ADS-B Surveillance ADS-B trials have taken place in a number of countries which, because of the experimental nature, have allowed deviations from the operational standards represented by AMC2024, but which have been based on positional information with comparable integrity.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 12.3 AMC 20-24 Compliance For installations seeking certification to AMC20-24 or other applicable standards, additional compliance information is available on request from Trig Avionics Limited.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 13. Installation Drawings 13.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 13.2 Front Panel Controller Dimensions Controller shown without the mounting adapters (00678-00) used for 57mm (2¼ inch) instrument mounting. All dimensions in millimetres.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 13.3 Front Panel Cut-out Options The front panel controller can be fitted to either the compact mounting hole or a conventional 57mm (2¼ inch) instrument cut-out. The compact mounting is a truncated 58 mm opening; please note that the mounting screws are NOT in the same location for the two options.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF All dimensions in millimetres.
TT21/TT22 Transponder Installation Manual 00560-00 13 July 2009 Issue AF 14.
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