620374-03-130515 E X PE R I M E NT M A N UA L Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co. KG, Pfizerstr. 5-7, 70184 Stuttgart, Germany | + 49 (0) 711 2191-0 | www.kosmos.de Thames & Kosmos, 301 Friendship St., Providence, RI, 02903, USA | 1-800-587-2872 | www.thamesandkosmos.com Thames & Kosmos UK Ltd, Goudhurst, Kent, TN17 2QZ , United Kingdom | 01580 212000 | www.thamesandkosmos.co.
› › › SAFETY INFORMATION Safety Information WARNING. Only for use by children aged 8 years and older. Instructions for parents or other supervising adults are included and have to be observed. Keep packaging and instructions as they contain important information. WARNING. Not suitable for children under 3 years. Choking hazard — small parts may be swallowed or inhaled. Store the experiment material and assembled models out of the reach of small children.
are missing any s & Kosmos me Tha t parts, please contac customer ser vice. sandkosmos.com US: techsupport@thame sandkosmos.co.
› › › TIPS AND TRICKS Here are a few tips for assembling and using the models. Read them carefully before starting. A. Gear hole alignment Pay close attention to the alignment of the holes in the gear wheels. Make sure that you insert the shaft pins into the correct holes and that the gears are oriented exactly as shown in relation to each other and to the model. Hole A Hole B Hole B A 30-mm axle A B. 30-mm and 35-mm axles Make sure you use the correct axles.
Remote-Control Machines: Space Explorers › › › TABLE OF CONTENTS TIP! You will find additional ck it out” information in the “Che , 25, 32, sections on pages 14-18 40, 53, 59, 79, and 80. Safety Information............................................................ Inside front cover Kit Contents....................................................................................................... 1 Tips and Tricks..........................................................................................
Exploring Space with Machines and Robots Robots are mechanical agents controlled by computer programs. They can be programmed to perform all sorts of tasks and movements. Robots can assemble cars, play soccer, wash windows, vacuum floors, fly planes, map terrain, climb mountains, entertain people, cook dinner — the list goes on and on. And now, robots are increasingly used in extraterrestrial exploration.
3 Mars Exploration MARS ROVER 1 2 3 14 x 4x 5x 16 17 4x 4x 28 4x 42 43 6x 1x 18 29 8x 4 7 8 10 11 12 14 15 2x 9x 4x 4x 1x 4x 2x 3x 1x 20 21 22 6x 4x 4x 2x 35 36 37 38 4x 9x 1x 1x 31 2x 45 6 4x 30 44 5 19 4x 32 2x 2x 46 1 33 34 2x 2x 47 49 2 x 9 x 46 x 10 x 4 x 3x 50 51 1x 2x 23 52 1x 26 1x 4x 27 1x 39 40 41 6x 4x 2x 53 54 55 56 1x 1x 1x 1x Hard plastic 3 25 2 4 Align x2 x4 x2 5 6 Rubbery plastic Rubber
MARS ROVER 10 9 35-mm axle 11 12 13 Rubbery plastic 30-mm axle 14 6
Mars Exploration 16 15 35-mm axle x4 17 18 20 30-mm axle 22 19 21 Stickers 7
MARS ROVER 24 25 8 23 26 35-mm axle
Mars Exploration Connect to hole A 27 28 Hole A Hole A Hole B Hole B Hole C 30 29 35-mm axle 9
MARS ROVER 31 33 34 10 32 x2
Mars Exploration 35 36 37 39 38 30-mm axle 11
MARS ROVER 40 41 12
Mars Exploration 42 Push 43 Done! EXPERIMENT 1 Exploring “Mars” HERE’S HOW Have a friend or family member set up a make-believe Mars landscape in a room in your house. They can gather various light objects to be investigated and collected such as small cardboard boxes (e.g., tea boxes and matchboxes), light toys, and empty cans, and place them around the room.
CHECK IT OUT Curiosity Makes You Smarter On November 26, 2011, the moment had finally arrived. The most ambitious NASA mission to date for the exploration of Mars had started: The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) lifted off from Cape Canaveral on board an Atlas V 541 rocket. The centerpiece of this Mars mission was the Curiosity rover. A rover is a vehicle that is controlled by radio signals sent from Earth. If it is too far away from Earth, it can also be driven autonomously.
Mars Exploration CURIOSITY’S ENGINEERING IN DETAIL With a mass of 900 kg and the size of a compact car, Curiosity is by far the heaviest man-made object ever to land on the Martian surface. In contrast to earlier rover missions to Mars, Curiosity is powered with a small atomic battery rather than solar cells. That makes it more mobile and frees it from having to rely on solar radiation. For moving across the Mars surface, Curiosity has six wheels symmetrically attached to two tubular frames.
CHECK IT OUT WELL EQUIPPED WITH DRILL, SHOVEL, AND BRUSH Curiosity’s arm is equipped with a drilling system, a digging shovel, a brush, and a sieve with collection containers. This equipment can even allow it to analyze deeper levels of soil and rock. The most important part of the arm is the drill at its tip. This is capable of drilling holes in rock up to 5 cm deep. In the process, the drilling core material is pulverized and analyzed. A particularly striking feature is the 1.
Mars Exploration Getting to Know Mars, One Step at a Time For researchers, Mars was right up there with the moon as an attractive candidate for exploration. It is close to Earth and a rocky planet. It gets its red color from iron compounds in its soil. Its surface is a rocky desert with monstrous extinct volcanoes and dried seas and river beds. A trip to Mars on a space ship would take about a year. For centuries, researchers have wanted to find out whether humans might be able to settle there one day.
CHECK IT OUT Curiosity Opportunity WATER AND ICE ON MARS! Sojourner EXPLORING AN D ME ASU RING THE RED PLA NET on the red planet in 1997. With Pathfinder, NASA landed another probe mitted 16,000 pictures to Pathfinder and its robotic vehicle Sojourner trans the widespread presence of for Earth. And their radar data provided evidence r is, of course, a crucial water ice under the Martian polar regions. Wate prerequisite for life.
Getting to Space SPACE SHUTTLE 1 3 4x 4 1x 5x 14 15 4x 1x 22 3x 7 8 9 10 11 13 3x 4x 1x 2x 1x 3x 2x 23 4x 36 6 2x 38 1x 42 3x 44 16 17 18 3x 2x 19 4x 4x 20 21 5x 2x 1 25 26 28 30 31 32 1x 4x 3x 1x 2x 1x 45 46 47 49 4 x 38 x 3 x 1 x 4x 50 1x 51 1x 52 1x Connect to hole B 2 3 4 30-mm axle 19
SPACE SHUTTLE 6 5 7 8 10 9 20
Getting to Space 11 12 30-mm axle A A 13 14 15 30-mm axle 16 21
SPACE SHUTTLE 18 19 17 20 21 22 22 23
Getting to Space 23 24 25 x2 26 23
SPACE SHUTTLE 27 28 EXPERIMENT 2 29 Cargo mission Done! HERE’S HOW What can your space shuttle transport to the International Space Station? Turn on your model and see if you can remotely control the space shuttle’s cargo bay doors to open and the inner mechanical arm to lift out of the cargo bay. Can you get the arm to lift a small object (e.g.
Getting to Space CHECK IT OUT A Cargo Truck for Space Its loading bay gave the Space Shuttle a lot of flexibility. It was the only carrier capable of taking a cargo of up to 24.5 tons from Earth to space, such as to the International Space Station. The ISS is a manned space station operated and equipped by several countries working together.
SHUTTLE ARM 1 2 3 9x 1x 2x 4 2x 12 13 14 2x 2x 1x 25 26 28 1x 4x 1x 38 1x 42 43 6x 2x 44 6 7 8 9 10 11 2x 1x 3x 2x 1x 2x 16 17 19 1x 3x 2x 29 4x 45 46 30 32 34 36 1x 1x 3x 6x 47 49 6 x 11 x 4 x 4 x 2x 50 2x 1 21 22 2x 4x 51 1x 37 2 1x 52 Connect to hole A 1x 3 Hole A Hole B Hole B Hole C 4 26 5
Getting to Space 6 7 30-mm axle 35-mm axle 8 9 27
SHUTTLE ARM 10 11 12 13 Large gear with holes 28 35-mm axle
Getting to Space 14 16 15 29
SHUTTLE ARM 17 35-mm axle 18 19 35-mm axle 20 Connect to hole B 30
Getting to Space 21 22 23 24 EXPERIMENT 3 Reach for the stars 25 HERE’S HOW Turn your model on and test its range of motion.
CHECK IT OUT Robotics Comes in Handy The Space Shuttle was a reusable spaceplane developed by NASA. It is sometimes also referred to as an orbiter. It functioned as both a space taxi and a space transporter. For example, it carried both astronauts and materials to the International Space Station (ISS), which orbits the Earth at a height of around 400 km. In order to pull “luggage” such as satellites or ISS modules in and out of its cargo bay, it was equipped with a robotic arm.
Shoot for the Moon LUNAR ROVER 1 3 5x 1x 15 1x 28 3x 42 4 2x 16 17 3x 2x 29 2x 43 44 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 2x 9x 3x 4x 2x 1x 4x 1x 3x 18 19 1x 4x 20 21 4x 2x 30 31 33 34 2x 2x 2x 2x 45 1 46 47 49 50 23 2x 35 36 4x 2x 51 24 25 26 2x 1x 4x 27 1x 37 39 40 41 1x 4x 2x 2x 52 53 54 55 56 2 5x 2 x 8 x 21 x 4 x 2 x 2x 1x 2x 3 1x 1x 4 1x 1x 1x 5 7 6 30-mm axle 33
LUNAR ROVER 9 8 30-mm axle 11 Hole A Hole B 10 Hole B Hole C 12 Connect to both holes B Stickers 34
Shoot for the Moon 14 13 16 15 x2 Rubbery plastic Align 17 x2 Hard plastic 20 18 19 35
LUNAR ROVER Rubbery plastic 21 35-mm axles Rubbery plastic 22 23 30-mm axle 25 24 26 36
Shoot for the Moon 27 29 28 30 37
LUNAR ROVER 32 38 31
Shoot for the Moon 33 34 Done! EXPERIMENT 4 That’s one small step ... HERE’S HOW The highest point on the moon is 10,786 meters above the mean radius (the “baseline” surface level). By comparison, Mount Everest is 8,848 meters above sea level on Earth. But the difference is that the slope up to the top of Everest is much steeper than the slope up to the top of the moon’s highest point.
CHECK IT OUT Trips to the Moon The Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV ) was a car that was built especially for the NASA Apollo Moon missions. One of these four-wheeled electric vehicles was assigned to each of the last three Apollo missions 15, 16 and 17. The job of this moon car was to help the astronauts cover greater distances on the moon and to carry rock samples. LIGHT, COMPAC T, AN D KIN D OF SLOW The LRV was 3.1 meters long and weighed barely 210 kg. It had a foldable chassis, giving it a pack size of 0.
Deep Space ROCKET LAUNCH CAR 1 7x 4 2x 16 17 4x 4x 28 7x 29 2x 40 41 4x 2x 1 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 2x 3x 2x 2x 2x 2x 3x 1x 18 6x 19 4x 20 21 22 3x 2x 4x 30 31 32 34 2x 2x 1x 2x 42 6x 43 44 45 35 36 4x 4x 46 49 2 x 6 x 30 x 6 x 3x 50 2x 23 26 2x 4x 37 38 1x 1x 51 1x 39 6x 52 1x 2 3 4 5 41
ROCKET LAUNCH CAR 6 x2 7 x4 Hard plastic Align Rubbery plastic 8 9 x2 30-mm axle 10 11 42
Deep Space 13 12 30-mm axle 30-mm axle 14 15 35-mm axle 35-mm axle 16 30-mm axles 17 43
ROCKET LAUNCH CAR 18 19 20 Hole A 21 Hole B Hole B Connect to hole B Hole C 22 44 23
Deep Space 24 Connect to hole B 30-mm axle 25 26 27 Rubbery plastic 28 Rubbery plastic 45
ROCKET LAUNCH CAR 29 30 46
Deep Space 31 32 Done! EXPERIMENT 5 Aiming high HERE’S HOW As the operator of this rocket launch car, it’s your job to get this rocket, which is carrying a scientific probe, into space. Mission control has given you specific instructions to drive the rocket launch vehicle two meters forward and then position the rocket at a 25-degree angle to prepare it for blast off.
PROBE 1 3 6x 2x 14 4 4x 6 7 11 12 13 3x 4x 5x 2x 2x 16 17 19 2x 4x 4x 3x 25 26 28 30 33 36 1x 4x 1x 2x 2x 5x 40 1x 42 2x 44 45 49 2 x 32 x 2x 20 21 4x 3x 50 1x 2 1 x2 23 1x 38 1x 51 1x 39 1x 52 Hole A 1x Hole B x2 Hole B 3 Connect to hole A Hole C Connect to hole C 4 Connect to hole A 5 Connect to hole C 48
Deep Space 6 7 8 x2 30-mm axle 49
PROBE 9 10 11 50 x2
Deep Space 12 13 Hard plastic Align 14 15 51
PROBE 16 17 18 “Communications antenna” EXPERIMENT 6 Searching far and wide HERE’S HOW Pretend you are a NASA scientist. Your space probe needs to be deployed on a mission to travel far away from Earth and photograph planets as it passes by them. Once it is in space, it has “solar panel arms” that need to be deployed and a “communications antenna” that needs to be set spinning.
Deep Space Traveling Through Endless Space A satellite is an artificial spacecraft. This kind of attendant — which is the literal meaning of the Latin word — orbits around a heavenly body such as a planet or a moon. 1 Satellites that orbit Earth are known as Earth satellites. Sputnik 1 (1) was the first artificial Earth satellite. Artificial satellites that orbit and study bodies other than the Earth are called orbiters.
SPACE DROID 1 4 6x 4x 17 1 7 8 9 11 12 13 2x 2x 2x 2x 1x 3x 18 20 21 22 23 24 x2 Rubbery plastic Hard plastic 16 2x 25 26 Align 2x 28 6x 41 2x 4x 29 4x 6x 4x 4x 30 33 34 36 2x 2x 4x 10 x 42 44 45 46 49 1x 6x 27 x 9x 4x 2x 2x 37 38 1x 1x 50 2x 51 1x 1x 4x 39 40 6x 2x x2 2 52 1x 3 35-mm axle 4 5 35-mm axle 6 54 7
Robots in Space 8 12 30-mm axle Hard plastic 9 10 Hard plastic 30-mm axle 13 11 30-mm axle 55
SPACE DROID 14 15 16 17 30-mm axle 20 x2 19 18 21 56 30-mm axle
Robots in Space 22 23 35-mm axle Rubbery plastic 35-mm axle 24 Rubbery plastic 25 26 57
SPACE DROID Hole A 27 Connect to holes B Hole B Hole B Hole C 28 Connect to holes B 29 30 Done! EXPERIMENT 7 At your service HERE’S HOW Your personal assistant droid is ready to serve you.
Robots in Space CHECK IT OUT The Famous Robots of Hollywood Droids, or human-like robots, have already existed for a while in the fantasy worlds of science fiction books and movies. Science fiction conceives of worlds in which new technological possibilities and speculations are woven into the story. The stories often take place in the future or far away in space.
WALKING BOT 1 3 4 11 x 2 x 3x 14 40 2x 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1x 6x 2x 4x 2x 1x 3x 2x 18 2x 26 4x 5 16 2x 27 44 3x 45 19 3x 28 1x 1 4x 29 1x 46 49 8 x 26 x 5 x 4x 1x 21 22 23 2x 4x 2x 24 25 2x 1x 31 32 33 34 36 1x 1x 2x 2x 4x 3x 50 51 1x 52 1x 2x 54 55 56 1x 1x 1x 30-mm axle 30-mm axle 39 30 2 Hole A Hole B Hole B Hole C 4 C 5 6 30-mm axle 60
Robots in Space 8 7 A Connect to hole A 9 35-mm axle 10 11 61
WALKING BOT 13 12 14 16 62 15
Robots in Space 17 18 Connect to hole C Connect to hole C 19 20 21 x2 22 23 63
WALKING BOT Hard plastic 24 Align 25 27 26 64
Robots in Space 28 Stickers 29 EXPERIMENT 8 Walking the walk HERE’S HOW Done! This robot pal is designed to walk on two legs. Experiment with the positioning of the rods that make up its feet. Can you get it to balance on one foot and then the other, to slowly shift its weight back and forth between legs, and thus move forward or backward? Bipedal robots — robots with two feet — are quite an engineering challenge.
CROSS-WING STARSHIP 1 3 11 x 2x 4 6x 13 14 4x 4x 25 26 1x 4x 39 40 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 1x 9x 3x 4x 2x 1x 2x 21 22 4x 4x 16 17 4x 4x 27 1x 42 18 2x 29 28 4x 5x 44 19 45 46 4x 23 2x 30 31 32 34 36 2x 2x 2x 2x 11 x 47 49 50 51 1 38 1x 52 3 2x 2x 1x 4 x 41 x 5 x 3x 4x 1x 2x 1x 2 5 2 1 30-mm axles 4 6 Hole A Hole B Hole B Hole C 66 Connect to hole A
Futuristic Spacecraft 7 8 35-mm axle Connect to hole B 9 Connect to hole A 10 Connect to hole B 11 35-mm axle 12 67
CROSS-WING STARSHIP 13 14 17 15 16 20 18 19 68
Futuristic Spacecraft 21 22 35-mm axles 23 24 1 2 2 1 25 26 Connect to hole B 69
CROSS-WING STARSHIP 28 27 1 2 2 1 29 Connect to hole B 30 70
Futuristic Spacecraft 31 32 33 71
CROSS-WING STARSHIP 34 35 Done! EXPERIMENT 9 Jumping into hyperspace HERE’S HOW This fantastic model imagines a time in the future when hyperspace travel — faster than light speed travel — is possible. The thruster wings in the back lock together during light speed travel and separate to provide greater maneuverability when flying through atmosphere. The landing gear in the front retracts to further streamline the shape of the starship.
Futuristic Spacecraft SPACESHIP CONTROLLER 1 3 10 x 2x 16 3x 27 1x 38 4 3x 18 28 1x 42 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 6x 3x 4x 2x 1x 2x 2x 4x 19 5x 4x 29 4x 44 2 20 21 22 1x 2x 4x 23 2x 30 31 32 33 34 1x 2x 2x 2x 4x 47 49 45 46 50 35 36 2x 4x 51 25 26 1x 4x x2 37 1x 52 3 1x 6x 4 x 23 x 5 x 3 x 4x 2x 1x 1x 1 35-mm axle 4 Hole A Hole B Hole B 5 6 Hole C x2 Connect to holes B 73
SPACESHIP CONTROLLER 7 8 9 10 35-mm axle 11 12 Connect to hole B 74
Futuristic Spacecraft 13 14 30-mm axle 35-mm axle 15 18 17 16 x2 75
SPACESHIP CONTROLLER 19 21 22 24 23 76 20
Futuristic Spacecraft 25 26 35-mm axle 27 77
SPACESHIP CONTROLLER 28 29 Roll Pitch Yaw EXPERIMENT 10 Space flight simulator HERE’S HOW In space, the concepts of “up” and “down” don’t mean what they do on Earth! If you had a spaceship, you could point it in any direction and go. This model lets you control a model spaceship in many directions, on three axes. The pitch axis moves the front of the spaceship up and down relative to the back. The roll axis moves the left side of the spaceship up and down relative to the right side.
Futuristic Spacecraft CHECK IT OUT “GOOD MORNING, PEOPLE OF EARTH” Where do we go from here? Robot technologies have long been successfully used in the exploration of planets and space. Without them, there would be no spectacular missions to Mars or anywhere else. But researchers have also been working on other astounding ideas and solutions. Let’s start by taking a look at two projects that have already been realized. Landing 510 million kilometer aw al robot in space.
CHECK IT OUT Are robots the astronaut s of the future? A Robonaut (robotic astronaut) is a humanoid robot developed by NASA along with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). It is supposed to complete outboard tasks during space flights or on space stations such as the ISS. That way, astronauts will no longer have to leave the space ship or space station. There are already several models of this robot series.
› › › SAFETY INFORMATION Safety Information WARNING. Only for use by children aged 8 years and older. Instructions for parents or other supervising adults are included and have to be observed. Keep packaging and instructions as they contain important information. WARNING. Not suitable for children under 3 years. Choking hazard — small parts may be swallowed or inhaled. Store the experiment material and assembled models out of the reach of small children.
620374-03-130515 E X PE R I M E NT M A N UA L Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co. KG, Pfizerstr. 5-7, 70184 Stuttgart, Germany | + 49 (0) 711 2191-0 | www.kosmos.de Thames & Kosmos, 301 Friendship St., Providence, RI, 02903, USA | 1-800-587-2872 | www.thamesandkosmos.com Thames & Kosmos UK Ltd, Goudhurst, Kent, TN17 2QZ , United Kingdom | 01580 212000 | www.thamesandkosmos.co.
