SCANTER 1002 Radar System User’s Manual © Terma, Denmark. Proprietary and intellectual rights of Terma A/S and/or its subsidiaries are involved in the subject-matter of this material and all manufacturing, reproduction, use, disclosure, and sales rights pertaining to such subject-matter are expressly reserved.
Record of changes Description Released SCANTER 1002 Radar System User’s Manual 1255194-HO Rev Date A 2017-12-04 Page 3/62 Rev.
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1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.1 1.2 1.3 Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Warnings and safety instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.2.1 Microwave radiation safety margins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.2.
5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.2.3 User documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.4 Parameters and BITE access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.5 Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.6 Situation display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose The SCANTER 1002 Radar System is optimized to ensure a high level of situational awareness on land platforms in all weather conditions. The purpose of this manual is to provide a functional description of the radar system and the transceiver hardware interface. The manual also provides a guide to the Radar Service Tool software application used to control and monitor the system. 1.
WARNING WARNINGS, CAUTIONS AND SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS WARNING SAFETY FIRST CAUTION AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY MAINTENANCE OF THE RADAR SYSTEM CAUTION Only maintenance for authorized personnel. This radar produces low power non-ionising electromagnetic radiation. Radiation is normally not dangerous for the human body, however precautions should be taken, and a safety distance of 1 meter when operating should be kept. Always disconnect power before maintaining the radar.
1.2.1 Microwave radiation safety margins Additional safety margins in respect of microwave radiation can be obtained by increasing distances to the radiating antennas. As a rule of thumb, the power density is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the radiating source. Thus, increasing the distance with a factor of 10 will reduce the power density with a factor of 100. However, this is only true in the far fields distance.
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2 SCANTER 1002 Radar System The SCANTER 1002 Ground Surveillance Radar (GSR) is designed to perform ground surveillance of high-sensitivity areas and critical infrastructure. The SCANTER 1002 radar is a Ku-band, 2D, fully coherent pulse compression radar, based on Solid State transmitter technology with digital software-defined functionality.
Communication interface to the transceiver is established via a standard IP network (LAN or WAN), which provides network radar video, plots, tracks, control, etc. Service information is obtained via the IP network. The SCANTER Service Display (Radar Service Tool) provides an easy interface for controlling the radar and gives detailed status and diagnostics information from the Built-in Test Equipment (BITE). It also provides access to powerful radar imaging and tracking information. 2.
2.2 SCANTER 1002 product features The SCANTER 1002 technology and product features are listed in the tables below. • Software-defined functionality • Frequency diversity • Full coherency and pulse compression • Transmitter power level control in sectors • Environment adaptation • Control / profiles / BITE Featuring GSR Ground Surveillance, full coherency and frequency diversity Frequency Programmable frequencies between 17.1–17.
The embedded tracker detects and tracks any moving object. It gives the operator an overview of moving objects, which the normal radar video alone cannot provide. The tracker combines the information from the different Doppler filter channels with the scan-to-scan movements in the normal video to achieve separation of small moving targets from ground clutter. 2.2.2 Physical appearance of SCANTER 1002 Fig. 2.
3 Functional Description The SCANTER 1002 Radar System is an integrated unit containing both the radar transceiver, power supply, embedded computer and antenna with motor and encoder. The system is enclosed in a radome and a sun cover, which provide environmental protection and passive cooling. The transceiver utilizes frequency modulation (chirping or frequency sweeping) and pulse compression to increase the range resolution as well as the S/N (signalto-noise) ratio.
3.1 Software-defined functionality Multiple types of SCANTER radars utilize identical core software, which enables a high level of testability, ensures deployment flexibility and makes it easy to add new functionality. A variety of radar signal processing techniques are available. Multiple functions, such as automatic adaptation to weather scenarios, etc. are performed simultaneously.
The sensitivity is therefore matched to the actual clutter levels, providing optimum detection at all ranges and in all directions. Furthermore, receivers and the processing chain have sufficient dynamic range and all components provide sufficient resolution to handle the variety of signals coming from small and large targets at all ranges. This contributes substantially to the quality of the of the radar images.
Equivalent compressed power Chirp with frequency sweep Power Transmitter Antenna Power Receiver / Processing A Echo B A B Fig. 3.3 Pulse compression principle 3.6 Power sector transmission In order to avoid interference from strong echoes from large stationary targets like buildings, mountains or ship superstructure and to reduce the risk of interfering with other Ku-band systems, a power sector mode is available.
3.8 Controlling and using the radar 3.8.1 Remote control The radar can be controlled and monitored remotely in the following ways: 3.8.2 • In the Radar Service Tool application, a software package connects to the transceiver via an IP network connection. From the software package all parameters, settings, BITE measurements and errors can be accessed. • Via an open IP network protocol, all parameters, settings, BITE measurements and errors can be accessed.
• Module presence test • Data link test • Memory test of all RAM circuits. The BITE monitors the system during standby and operation and reports the following: BITE errors/warnings: Signal activity and processes Internal supply voltages Internal voltages and temperatures Status from motor. BITE status: Displays transceiver components status BITE measurements: Temperatures Internal power supplies.
3.8.3.1 BITE - errors/warnings Errors and warnings are used to report the presence of abnormal conditions detected by the transceiver software and include the following information: Title: The title of a BITE error/warning is a short text indicating the abnormal condition and/or the transceiver component to which it applies, e.g. "High temperature".
Fig. 3.5 System and performance logs Page 22/62 Rev.
4 Hardware interface Bottom plate Conn. Function X1 Mains, power in X2 Aux X3 LAN GND Ground (protective earth) X1 GND X2 X3 Fig. 4.1 Bottom plate, connections SCANTER 1002 Radar System User’s Manual 1255194-HO Page 23/62 Rev.
4.1 X1, Mains Mains is supplied through the bottom plate and is the supply input for all modules in the transceiver. 4.2 Description Data or Settings Mains input 90-264 VAC Frequency 47 - 63 Hz Current 1A Fuse 3.15AT Connector Harting: Bulkhead type 09 40 703 0301 with 5 poles connector insert type 09 12 005 3001 Terminal Function Terminal Function 1 Phase 1 4 Neutral 2 NC 5 NC 3 NC PE Earth X2, Aux The AUX interface is used for debugging by Terma personnel.
4.4 Terminal Function Terminal Function 1 BI_DA+ 6 BI_DB- 2 BI_DA- 7 BI_DD+ 3 BI_DB+ 8 BI_DD- 4 BI_DC+ SHELL Shield 5 BI_DC- GND The ground stud is for connection to Protective Earth. Fig. 4.2 Bottom plate, ground stud SCANTER 1002 Radar System User’s Manual 1255194-HO Page 25/62 Rev.
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5 Radar Service Tool The radar system can be managed through the Radar Service Tool (RST), which is a software application used for controlling the radar system, such as parameters and BITE information, and for monitoring radar video, plots and tracks. The RST runs on a laptop or on a PC connected to the radar LAN. The RST provides the user with a consistent look and feel across the various features implemented.
Operational access level allows the user to change the most commonly used parameters and to operate the radar. The service access level allows to change all parameters, while the debug access level is intended for technicians having intensive and detailed knowledge about the radar system. 5.2.3 User documentation The RST “DocLib” view contains a list of documents stored on the transceiver, such as technical manuals. 5.2.
Perspectives Menu Left side bar Views Status bar Fig. 5.1 RST, screen layout In the “Views” area of the screen, it is possible to open interactive views for display and handling of graphical information e.g. radar video, measurement tools, radar control, parameters, BITE information, etc. Presentation of these views can be selected and deselected individually. The five default perspectives are described in section 5.5 (p. 32). The Radar Service Tool menu bar consists of “File”, “Window” and “Help”.
In the “Window” menu, the submenu “Preferences” is used to set default colors, units, snapshots storage directory, radar video setting such as decay, sweep, trails history, video gain, etc. “Show View” and “Open Perspective” are used to activate a view or a perspective. The left side bar, shown in Fig. 5.1 (p. 29), is used to open fast views. A fast view remains on the monitor as long as it is in focus. It will disappear from the monitor if the operator clicks any place outside the fast view.
A-Scope view Zoom Scroll wheel Pan/Adjust VRM circle Left-drag VRM-Scope view Zoom Scroll wheel Pan/Adjust EBL angle Left-drag Area Masking view Press buttons “Delete Mask” or “Create Mask” to start creating a polygon 5.3.
Parameter and Scope filters Click value field to change parameter value Fig. 5.4 RST, search filters 5.4 Preferences In the Preferences menu it is possible individually to change color and fonts. The user can select what unit format to use, specify general settings of the RST, the PPI (radar video, background, trails etc). The following sections describe the usage of the RST Preferences. Preferences Color General Help Perspectives Plug-ins RST Own Unit Override Unit Fig. 5.5 RST, preferences 5.
The “Errors/Warnings” and “Status/Measurements” views are used to monitor the health of the transceiver.See Fig. 5.7 (p. 33). Low Level Parameters Debug Profile Editor Profile Names Errors/Warnings Status/Measurements Recent Errors/Warnings Fig. 5.7 “Low Level” perspective, default The “Service” perspective is used for transceiver backup/restore and software update. Further, it provides access to the documents/user guides stored in the transceiver. See Fig. 5.8 (p. 33).
Any default perspective can be customized by adding or removing views freely selected by the user. Alternatively, new personal perspectives can be created, which can be stored in the perspectives area. Views are placed inside the “Views” area, or “minimized” and placed in the sidebar areas (right and left side) of the RST window. Open fast View Open Perspective 4 Views in one frame 1 View in one frame 2 Views in one frame Fig. 5.
5.6 Radar Control When the Mains switch on the transceiver is turned to the Off position, the transceiver is in the “Off” state where it cannot function or be reached from remote.
With "Antenna" it is possible to switch on and off the antenna motor. To the right is shown the actual antenna rotation speed in RPM. With "Tx" it is possible to switch on and off the transmitter. To the right is shown the status of the transmitter (transmitting, stand by, etc.). "Sector Tx" switches on and off the sector transmission and will affect all sectors enabled. “Force Active” is for use in redundant systems only, i.e. in SCANTER 1002 this button is dimmed.
5.6.1 Starting transceiver Step 1 Turn on power to the transceiver using the external power switch. Step 2 Establish a connection between the transceiver and the RST by means of the RST “Connection Manager” view. Step 3 In the RST “Radar Control” view, select “Antenna”, “Tx” and an appropriate profile. Enable sector transmission if created and needed. 5.6.2 5.6.3 Stopping transceiver Step 1 Switch off “Tx” and “Antenna” in the RST “Radar Control” view.
5.6.4 Sector bearing: 0..359 degrees Sector width: 10.. 350 degrees Sector mode: Disabled, prohibited, reduced power sector, transmitting sector Azimuth mode Stabilized or unstabilized Sector attenuation 0..15.5 dB Creating ET2 tracking zones Tracking zones facilitate optimized control of tracking in specific areas.
The “Site Default” data area is used to store a copy of the “Transceiver Configuration”. It is recommended to copy the “Transceiver Configuration” to the “Site Default” area after Setting-To-Work (STW) and later on after major changes of the settings. Furthermore, it is recommended to back up the “Transceiver Configuration” and logs, area masking and maps on the Radar Service Tool computer.
A “Partial Restore”, on the other hand, replaces only configuration data not tied to the specific transceiver on which it was created. This type of restore operation is useful if the same basic configuration is to be reused across several transceivers. A backup is then created on a master transceiver and partially restored on the remaining transceivers. Fig. 5.16 Partial/Full Restore “Delete Temp” removes temporary files stored in the transceiver (FTP Server). Create/restore transceiver configuration file.
The “Site Default” create option copies the” Transceiver configuration” to the “Site Default” area. Restore copies the “Site Default” to the “transceiver configuration” area. The transceiver will restart to activate and use the new data. The “Factory Default” data contains basic parameter values for the transceiver. These are created at transceiver production and should not be used after the radar has been set up. Restoring the “Factory Default” data will delete the “transceiver configuration” area.
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6 Software installation 6.1 Resetting IP address on transceiver to default (169.254.1.50) This procedure should be performed if the connection to the transceiver cannot be established. This may be the case if the transceiver has been replaced, or if the transceiver is temporarily replaced with another transceiver, for instance in connection with service.
6.2 Replacing transceiver software This procedure describes how to perform a Device Firmware Update (DFU). The procedure should be performed if the transceiver PC Module has been replaced or following an unsuccessful transceiver software update due to e.g. power failure. Note: The procedure will erase all existing software on the transceiver.
7 BITE errors and warnings The following lists BITE errors and warnings that may be detected in the system. Please note that the list is not exhaustive. For a complete list of errors and warnings, please refer to doc. 721086-DI “SCANTER 1000 Series Transceiver Control Protocol Data Definition - Service Access Mode”.
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Name Min Max Severity Drive/Motor Initialization Error#Motor Controller Error Duty Cycle Error Error EEPROM VCO Multiplier Configuration Missing 0 0 Error Description Indicates that the VCO multiplier configuration is not stored in the LRU EEPROM of the RxTx LRU. A 2x multiplier configuration is assumed, which will lead to garbled radar video if used with a 4x multiplier unit.
Name Min Max Severity Description ing#Motor Controller Page 48/62 Rev.
Name Min Max Severity Description PSAT Calibration Running Warning Warning Indicates that a PSAT calibrating session is ongoing and that optimal transceiver performance cannot be expected PSAT Not Calibrated Warning Warning Indicates that a PSAT calibration has not been completed with the current frequency planning configuration Setup Table Status#Motor Controller Error Short-Circuit Protection Status#Motor Controller Error Synthetic Encoder Data Enabled Warning Warning Indicates that synth
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8 Technical terms and definitions Accuracy The difference between the average of repeated measurements of the same quantity under identical conditions and the known "true" value, i.e. the difference between the average of the measurements of the range to a fixed reference target and the range value calculated from the geographical coordinates of the reference target and radar sensor. Antenna The upper rotating part of the antenna system.
Lack Lack is a number counting unsuccessful consecutive updates of a track. Noise Figure Noise Figure is defined as the signal-to-noise ratio at the input divided by the signal-to-noise ratio at the output. Noise Figure is expressed in dB. Parameter A parameter is a quantity which influences the radar video, the subsequent signal processing, the plot extraction, or the target tracking.
Radar Cell The disc around the radar out to the maximum range is covered by a polar grid. Each azimuth sector is divided into 4096 range cells of equal range depth. A specific range cell in a specific azimuth sector is called a radar cell. Radar Cross Section The Radar Cross Section (abbreviated RCS) is the size and ability of a target to reflect RF energy - this is summarized in a single term, which has the dimension [m2].
Waveguide filter Page 54/62 Rev. A 2017-12-04 The waveguide filter functions as waveguide, i.e. a conductor within which RF energy can be efficiently transmitted.
9 Abbreviations and acronyms Term Definition ACP Azimuth Count Pulse AIS Automatic Identification System ARP Azimuth Reference Pulse BITE Built-In Test Equipment CFAR Constant False Alarm Rate DFU Device Firmware Update FD Frequency Diversity FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array GSR Ground Surveillance Radar HPA High-Power Amplifier I/O Input/Output ICNIRP International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IEEE Institute of
Term Definition SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio SSPA Solid State Power Amplifier STC Sensitivity Time Control TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol TN International standard IEC 60364 distinguishes three families of earthing arrangements, using the two-letter codes TN, TT, and IT.
10 Annex A - Acknowledgement The SCANTER 1000 Series transceiver software package contains open source software components. License information can be found in doc. no. 721089-RA: "SCANTER 1000 Series Transceiver Core Software Open Source Licenses", while the source code for these components are available in doc. no. 721089-SC: "SCANTER 1000 Series Transceiver Core Software GPL Source Code". SCANTER 1002 Radar System User’s Manual 1255194-HO Page 57/62 Rev.
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A Abbreviations ............................................. 55 acronyms .................................................. 55 Antenna ..................................................... 36 Application ................................................. 38 A-Scope .............................................. 28, 31 Measured parameters .................................21 measurements ...........................................21 menu .........................................................29 Menus .....
Tx ............................................................. 36 V View area .................................................. 34 View tab .................................................... 34 Views ........................................................ 29 VRM ......................................................... 28 VRM-Scope ............................................... 31 W Warnings ..................................................... 7 Width .............................................
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