Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 6: IP and Video Testing This section describes the suite of IP and video (IPTV) functions available on the unit. These tests are available over various interfaces on the unit, including the Wi-Fi and Ethernet interfaces, and modular interfaces such as MoCA. Not all tests are available for all interfaces; see the respective documentation for specific testing support.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro Before attempting IP Network Setup, the unit must be linked up with the proper access device, according to interface type. For example, if you are performing 10/100/1G testing, the unit should be connected to a switch or router with an Ethernet cable. Or, for Wi-Fi testing, the unit should be within range and synchronized with an active Wi-Fi node.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) (Certain interfaces only) If you select static assignment, the unit requires you to manually enter the IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server. The unit will accept any information that you specify and attempt to use it for active test traffic, whether it is routable or not. Therefore, you should be sure to enter valid information, otherwise subsequent IP-based testing will fail.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Overview Wi-Fi Figure 6-1 Successful IP Network Setup Ethernet 6.1.3 DHCP troubleshooting tips If a DHCP operation fails, check the following: System IP/Video • The unit is properly connected to an active, networked device. For example, when using the 10/100/1G interface, the Ethernet cable must be properly connected.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Ping - Setup parameters Parameter Description Destination Target address for the ping request, either a dotted IP address or a URL if a DNS is available. For example: 208.22.58.142 Overview Table 6-3 Intro 6.3.1 Setup - Ping Wi-Fi www.google.com 6.3.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro 6.4 Traceroute Overview Provides a standard ICMP or UDP traceroute function that runs three concurrent traceroute processes and reports every router “hop” along the path, up to 30 hops. The results provide a topological view of the route that packets are using to reach the destination.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 The test uses iPerf 3.1 as the underlying technology, based in layer 4 (TCP or UDP). Therefore, the target endpoint must be a compliant iPerf 3.1 server. The unit first establishes a “control plane” connection with the server over TCP, then negotiates the testing setup. When primary testing begins, either the unit or the server initiates the requested number of streams to the other endpoint.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Overview Parameter Description Report Interval Interval at which to report interim results, in seconds. Specify 0 (zero) to produce composite results at the end of the test only. Direction Test direction; that is, the direction of traffic flow, either Upstream or Downstream.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Note that In some cases, “S” and/or “R” results are not available and do not display. In most cases, server compatibility is the cause. Stream Stream number for the respective row, or ALL to indicate a composite of all streams. Interval Test interval for which the results apply, displayed in seconds. Results that apply to the entire test show an interval that spans from zero to the test duration.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro Overview Wi-Fi Figure 6-5 L4 Performance Test - Results (Downstream TCP Test) Ethernet 6.6 Web Browser NOTE: The web browser is a purchasable option. Please contact Spirent for more information. System IP/Video The Web Browser allows you to access web pages from the internet and view them on the screen.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Web Browser - Setup parameters Parameters Description URL Target address of the web page to load, either a dotted IP address or a URL if a DNS is available. For example: 208.22.58.142 Overview Table 6-8 Intro 6.6.1 Setup - Web Browser Figure 6-6 Web Browser, showing the Google™ website 6.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro 6.7.1 Setup - Single Device PLT The setup requires only the Destination for the ping tests: Overview Wi-Fi Ethernet Figure 6-7 Single Device PLT - Setup CAUTION: You should select the destination for this test carefully.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) # Sent - # Received Note that this number may fluctuate up and down, as a reply may be received in one interval for a request sent in a previous interval. Therefore, at any given time during ongoing testing, this number does not necessary represent a count of positively lost packets, because some may still be in transit.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro 6.8 Throughput Overview The Throughput test calculates the maximum data rate to and from a specific endpoint, designed as a basic upstream/downstream capacity measurement. The target endpoint of the test must be a computer running a webserver application that is specifically configured for this test. For more information, see Throughput server setup on page 6-16.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Wi-Fi Overview Intro Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 6.8.2 Results - Throughput The test produces the following results: Table 6-11 Throughput results Description Upload Rate Maximum achievable data rates in both directions, averaged across the testing period. MoCA A progress counter that increments while the test is running, until it is 100% complete.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Overview Wi-Fi Figure 6-10 Throughput - Results Ethernet 6.8.3 Throughput server setup System The Throughput test requires a testing destination that is specifically designed to recognize and process throughput exchanges with the unit. This destination must be an HTTP (web) server running on a networked computer and installed with Spirent-specific components.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Important note: The python scripts are currently configured for Windows usage only and require that the system path environment variable contains the path to the python executable. If you are using Windows, you should ensure that this variable is set correctly.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Table 6-12 Speedtest setup parameters Overview Measurement Description Region General location of the target endpoint. The options in the list represent designated endpoints that are specifically provided for this test. These locations, along with the underlying IP addresses, are hardcoded with the unit firmware. Normally, you should select the geographically closest location.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Wi-Fi Overview Intro Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 • Initially, the test automatically detects all IP hosts on the LAN and presents a list of addresses, from which you can select the specific hosts you want to target with the ping testing stage. Testing to all selected hosts occurs simultaneously. • This test is effectively the same as Device Discovery, which appears in some menus instead of All Devices Packet Loss.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro Following host detection, some addresses may be automatically selected and some may not. You should ensure that the selection(s) are correct for the test, as well as select the testing Duration that applies to all target hosts. Overview NOTE: At this point, if device detection was the only original purpose, you can review the results and safely cancel the packet loss portion of the test.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Wi-Fi Overview Intro Tech-X Flex® (NG2) MoCA IP/Video On a MoCA network, the test can run on a LAN with or without an active router (BHR). To support both scenarios, you must first select one of the following options when the test is launched with the MoCA interface active: System 6.10.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro a LAN host may receive an address that is not routable once a router is connected; however, testing may still succeed. Overview Wi-Fi Ethernet Figure 6-16 All Devices Packet Loss - BHR IP parameters • BHR Present - This mode assumes that a router is functioning normally on the LAN and no DHCP server on the unit is required.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! • Comprehensive statistics on multimedia transport streams • Video channel change times Intro Subjective quality assessment of viewer experience Video testing support includes: • “Active” testing, where the test set emulates a multicast endpoint and performs all actions necessary to start and/or join the stream. Depending on the location of the test set, this type of testing can provide the most comprehensive view of the actual subscriber experience.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro devices and passively monitor an existing stream. For more information on how the passive bridging process works with the Ethernet interface, see Unit setup for passive testing on page 4-4. Overview For more details on how the quality assessment works, see How the analysis works - An overview on page 6-45.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Multicast Stream Port -orDestination IP Port The destination UDP port associated with packets that contain the stream under test. The unit determines which packets should be included in the audio/video quality measurement based on the destination IP address and destination UDP port pair. For multicast video, if you selected a channel from the channel guide, this field is automatically populated.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro Overview Wi-Fi Parameter Description Duration Duration of the test in seconds, or Continuous to run the test until manually stopped. Interval Interval at which to report a full set of current measurement results, applicable to continuous tests only. Encapsulation Method Encapsulation type of the stream(s) under test.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) • FIXED - The jitter buffer uses a constant fixed delay. The jitter buffer is bounded by a nominal and maximum delay, where the nominal delay dictates the actual delay and the maximum delay dictates the maximum number of packets that can be stored in the jitter buffer.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro Description GOP Length Number of frames in a group of pictures (GOP) on the stream, related to the GOP type. This is essentially the I-frame update interval; that is, the number of frames from one I-frame to the next. This value is used only as a default if the actual frame types and GOP structure cannot be dynamically detected from the stream.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) • Codec - Some codecs, particularly older codecs, are very sensitive to packet loss and degrade very quickly with small amounts of loss. • Error correction and concealment - A number of loss mitigation techniques may be employed to conceal packet loss, typically involving coordination between the video server and client where checksum and other validation methods allow missing data to be supplemented.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Parameter Description Nominal Rate Payload media rate (audio and video) in kbps, used in calculating the MDI delay factor. Overview Valid values are: 0 - 20000, where 0 indicates auto-detection of rate.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Description IP Address IP address and port of the media stream, specified at test launch. Port Speed of frames received, in kbits/sec. For VQM testing, this is the receive rate of the video or audio stream, as applicable. For MDI testing, this is the receive rate of the PCR stream. MDI See MDI measurement overview on page 6-48.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Table 6-14 Video QoS results - Summary results, Plot tab Description MOS graph Displays graph of calculated VMos, AMos, and A/VMos, which updates regularly for continuous tests. The graph assumes a fixed score of 4.0 as passing and 3.0 as marginal with coloring as follows: Overview Result Wi-Fi • Green - Passing (above 4.0) • Yellow - Marginal (between 3.0 and 4.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Result Description Codec Type Stream type, as defined in ITU Spec ISO/IEC 13818-1. Intro Video QoS- Summary results, Stream/Expert Analysis tab For valid values, see Table 6-24, Other recognized transport streams/PID types on page 6-38. Image Size Horizontal resolution, indicating the left-right size of the image, in pixels. Overview Table 6-16 Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro Overview Wi-Fi Result Description Discards Total number of packets discarded by the jitter buffer emulator containing data for the respective frame type; for example, the total number of packets discarded containing I-frame data. These results are packet counts, not frame counts. Impairments Total number of frames errored, by type.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) VSTQ Video service transmission quality. This is a codec-independent measure related to the ability of the bearer channel to support reliable video. Valid values are: 0 - 100 VSPQ Video Service Picture Quality. This is a codec-dependent measure of the subjective quality of the decoded video stream. It is equivalent to a V-MOS score, using a different scoring range. 0 - 100 Gap VSPQ Video Service Picture Quality during gap state periods.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro Result Description Burst Loss Rate Average percentage of packets lost and/or discarded during burst periods. Overview NOTE: For further information about bursts and gaps, see About gap and burst states on page 6-47. Burst Length Average burst period length in milliseconds. Gap Loss Rate Average percentage of packets lost and/or discarded during gap periods.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Table 6-22 Video QoS - Transport results, Jitter/Delay Stats tab Result Description MAPDV The true average mean-absolute packet delay variation in milliseconds. This type of measurement is sometimes referred to as jitter. For more information on MAPDV, see About packet delay variation (PDV) on page 6-47. PPDV The packet-to-packet delay variation in milliseconds, according to a calculation model defined in RFC 3550.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Overview Stream type value Stream type name 5 MPEG-2 Private 6 (with MPEG descriptor_tag 86) Teletype 6 (with MPEG descriptor_tag 106) DOLBY AC-3 AUDIO -or129 Wi-Fi Ethernet 11 DSM-CC 15 MPEG-2 AAC AUDIO 16 MPEG-4 VIDEO (Part 2) 17 MPEG-4 AAC AUDIO 27 MPEG-4 VIDEO (H.264) 255 UNKNOWN STREAM System Table 6-24 Name/abbrev.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Digital video concepts overview Spatial redundancy - Within any given video frame, certain data may be redundant, such as large portions of the same color or geometrical design. In this situation, compression may be employed to represent portions of the frame as smaller mathematical values, rather than expressing every single pixel individually, when many pixels are the same.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro Overview Wi-Fi I-frames (or “Intra pictures”) - I-frames are coded without reference to other pictures. That is, they contain the full dataset required to render a video frame and do not interpolate based on references to other frames. Therefore, they may employ compression to reduce spatial redundancy, but cannot reduce temporal redundancy.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Wi-Fi Overview Intro Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 P frames B frames Ethernet I frames Figure 6-20 Compressed video stream frames About MPEG transport The MPEG standards refer broadly to a set of protocols for transporting compressed audio/video programs over a communications network, such that a decoder can properly reconstruct the audio/video programs at the destination.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro Overview Wi-Fi Ethernet System • Elementary stream - The elementary stream is the basic compressed audio or video bitstream. In the case of a video stream, this is the original content segmented into macroblocks, slices, and frames, then packetized with header information required to reconstruct the stream at the far end.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) IP multicast is a set of protocols that allows a single IP packet to be sent to multiple hosts (that is, “group members”) without the need to send multiple redundant copies of the same packet from the source. It serves to alleviate network congestion when multiple hosts need to receive the same traffic, such as the case where multiple IPTV subscribers are watching the same channel and each will ultimately receive the exact same data payload.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro R1 Overview R2 Wi-Fi R5 R3 Ethernet R4 System Figure 6-22 Hypothetical multicast network with multicasting and IGMP IP/Video In this example, the routers are multicast-aware and can make intelligent decisions about packet forwarding.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! The IP address range of 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 is reserved for multicast packets. It should be noted that these addresses are likely unroutable in a traditional sense on the destination subnets that receive the packets. Rather, it is the suite of multicasting protocols that allows packets to be properly forwarded and ultimately processed by the proper group member device(s).
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro Overview Wi-Fi • The structure and length of GOPs (MPEG Groups of Pictures), especially with regards to the varied effects of packet loss on different frame types. • The bit rate and frame size (or resolution) used at the encoder, as smaller rates and lower resolutions can degrade the quality of the image even if transport is flawless. • The impact of recency.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! The R-factor is a similar concept and is actually the mathematical component by which a MOS is estimated. It is calculated using what is known as the “E-model” formula. This formula involves a subjective summation of impairment and “advantage” factors, including the typical packet network parameters such as jitter, latency, and loss. Like the MOS score, the higher the number, the better.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro About packet-to-packet delay variation (PPDV) Overview Packet-to-packet delay variation (PPDV) is a statistical calculation of delay variation, based on the method described by the IETF RFC 3550. It differs from basic packet delay variation (PDV) which looks at variations in arrival time overall, not necessarily variations between adjacent, sequential packets.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) The DF, presented as a quantity of time, is the maximum observed imbalance in stream flow over the measurement interval, with respect to the expected media payload rate. That is, it effectively reports how much buffering would be required to fully compensate for network delay variation at the respective node. As such, it also indicates the amount of latency that must be introduced in order to properly decode the stream.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Overview Score Quality Human perception of degradation 4 Good Perceptible. Degradation can detected, but does not adversely impact the viewing experience.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro 6.11.2 Change Channel For more detailed information on the time calculation, see How channel change time is calculated on page 6-52. Wi-Fi The IPTV change channel test measures channel change time by measuring the time between IGMP requests and resulting changes in the packet stream.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) In these calculations, the individual terms are instances in time, not quantitative amounts of time. In other words, channel change time equals time it takes to leave the first stream plus the time it takes to join the second stream, measured from the respective IGMP requests. Table 6-25 Channel Guide Settings parameters Parameters Description Use Channel Guide Indicates whether a channel guide is currently active for video test setup.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro channel guide also provides a series of other default testing parameters for each channel, such codec type and media stream information. Overview NOTE: The channel guide concept does not apply to unicast video. With unicast, the destination IP address for video packets will be that of the endpoint device (such as an STB), rather than a predictable multicast address.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Packet Capture provides a basic packet capture utility, where traffic on an interface is recorded in PCAP format, then the PCAP file can be transferred from the unit for further analysis. This feature may be especially useful for VoD troubleshooting, as a capture can used to analyze the IGMP activity on the network. 6.12.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Table 6-26 Packet Capture - Setup Description Max Test Duration Maximum length of time to run the capture, in seconds. The actual time may be shorter if: Overview Parameter Wi-Fi • The maximum number of frames have been captured, or • The maximum capture file size is met (100 MBytes), or • The test is stopped while in progress.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Wi-Fi Overview Intro Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Specs RF MoCA IP/Video Results include basic statistics about the amount of data captured. Afterwards, the capture file is available for upload using standard Record Manager tools (see Record Manager > Upload Files on page 5-4). System 6.12.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 7: MoCA/RF - MoCA Testing This section describes the MoCA-specific functions of the combined MoCA/RF module. The unit supports synchronization with MoCA standards 1.0, 1.1, and 2.0, with full backwards-compatibility behaviors as dictated by the respective standards. For a brief overview, see Overview of testing capabilities and setup on page 7-2.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro 7.2 Overview of testing capabilities and setup The MoCA module allows the unit to join a MoCA network on a specified channel. After joining the network, the unit can perform functions such as: Overview • Retrieval of statistics about itself and other nodes on the network, including the bandwidth between nodes.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro Overview Wi-Fi Ethernet RF If the entire network is slow, the router, provider network terminal (NT), and/or associated coaxial cable may be suspect. A troubleshooting strategy may start with disconnecting the router and joining the LAN network at that point to check the bandwidth between nodes (see Figure 7-6 on page 7-9).
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro Overview Issue Troubleshooting suggestions TVs work OK, but a wired Ethernetconnected computer in the house is slow or cannot connect In this case, the MoCA/Ethernet bridge device or the computer itself may be cause. The first troubleshooting step is normally to replace the bridge device with the unit, configured to act as a bridge (see Figure 7-16 on page 7-23).
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) physical MoCA network on page 7-32). If you intend to join the LAN network but instead join the WAN, certain testing may still work but the results may be misleading for troubleshooting efforts. Intro Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Example physical MoCA network on page 7-32 - Describes the overall MoCA architecture, including information about how a LAN and WAN operate over coaxial cable.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro Parameter Description Security Security information. If the network requires a password to join, enter that password and set Security to Enabled. Otherwise, set Security to Disabled and disregard the password.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Wi-Fi Overview Once the unit has joined the MoCA network, the main statistics and testing menu becomes available: Intro Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 When troubleshooting video issues, a common approach is to test at an STB location to rule out either the STB or the associated coaxial cable as the cause.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro NOTE: You must use the left port (port “A”) for all single-ended testing.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) • Connect directly to the router - In this scenario, the unit and router form a small, isolated MoCA network between themselves which allows the same statistics retrieval as any MoCA synchronization. If bandwidth between the devices is poor or synchronization cannot be achieved at all, a likely cause is defective MoCA hardware in the router or possibly the cable used for the connection.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 The unit arranges the table with the worst performing link shown at the top left, with improving performance expanding towards the bottom right. • The top of the screen indicates which node represents the unit (node 9 in this example). In the table headings below, the network coordinator (NC) is indicated by an asterisk, which may or may not be the unit.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Overview Wi-Fi Figure 7-8 MoCA Statistics page Ethernet Table 7-2 System IP/Video MoCA RF Specs 7-12 MoCA Statistics descriptions Statistic Description Flex Node ID The node ID assigned to the unit by the network coordinator (NC). All devices receive a node ID from the NC upon admission. Flex MAC MAC address of the physical MoCA interface on the unit.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Admission • Tx - Frames transmitted from the unit, to any other node. • Tx Err - Frames transmitted that did not reach the destination and/or contained errors that could not be corrected by Reed-Solomon algorithms. These errors may indicate a problem with the physical cable that caused frame corruption or possibly a problem with the destination node(s). • Rx - Frames received by the unit, from any other node.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Overview • Another Tech-X Flex unit elsewhere on the network would appear as any other remote node for the purpose of these screens, except that the tab in the Node Stats page will include the prefix “FLEX”. • You can set these values to appear in red if specified thresholds are exceeded. For more information, see Thresholds on page 7-28.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Node Stats Statistic Description Vendor/ MAC MAC-layer address of the node’s MoCA interface and the vendor name associated with it. The unit attempts to determine the vendor by using a MAC address lookup table in the System menu area. If the vendor cannot be determined, it is reported as Unknown. For more information, see Vendor MAC Address on page 7-27.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro Overview Wi-Fi Figure 7-10 Node Stats page (Any node except the unit) Ethernet System The Node Stats page also includes links to bit-loading graphs which chart the number of bits that subcarrier frequencies are carrying (per symbol), across the MoCA channel in use.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Wi-Fi Overview Intro Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 • A bit-loading graph is not intended to provide information for precise troubleshooting of the MoCA physical layer. Rather, it intends to provide an overall view of trends in data capacity over the MoCA channel to help identify bandwidth issues between the applicable nodes. 7.3.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Table 7-4 IP testing options from the MoCA interface Overview For more information Additional notes Connection Info Results - IP Network Setup on page 6-3 This function reports the IP information that is currently assigned to the 10/100/1G interface and is identical to the results screen from any successful IP Network Setup.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) • Change Channel - Actively joins a multicast stream and measures the time required to switch to another stream (that is, to “change the channel”). This test operates identically to the Channel Change test on other interfaces, such as the 10/100/1G interface. For more information, see Change Channel on page 6-51.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro 7.4.1 Join MoCA Network In-Line setup parameters The setup parameters are functionally identical to those in the Join MoCA Network setup screen. For more information, see Join MoCA network setup parameters on page 7-5. Overview Additionally, note the following: • Be sure that the unit is properly connected on the network before attempting the join.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Overview NOTE: If you have set up the bridge properly, you should be able to view the video channel on a TV, even while testing the stream for quality. Therefore, a TV may be the best way of ensuring that the test stream has been started. 7.4.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro WRONG Overview Splitter To router Wi-Fi Figure 7-15 Bridging example - Incorrect Ethernet NOTE: In the case where a WAN and LAN both operate on the same cable, the unit can bridge a single channel only. See Bridging a cable with multiple networks on page 7-22 for important details on this and other operational details.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) 7.4.5 About MoCA and 10/100/1G interface bridging (ECB) Wi-Fi Because the MoCA and 10/100/1G interfaces are logically connected by a common Ethernet switch, the unit can act as a bridge between MoCA and Cat-5 Ethernet, commonly called an ECB (Ethernet/coax bridge).
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro The MoCA Quick Test is a set of existing MoCA activities, organized into a single, scripted test for a quick and comprehensive analysis of a MoCA network. Overview 7.5.1 Testing flow and results (MoCA Quick Test) Wi-Fi The test can be run before or after the unit has joined a MoCA network.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! an evaluation of FAIL. If any stage has produced a marginal result but no stages failed, the network receives an evaluation of MARGINAL. In the Log tab, stages are marked using colored icons according to thresholds that were evaluated during the process. A single failed evaluation causes the respective stage to be marked as such. In the absence of any failures, a single marginal evaluation causes the respective stage to be marked as such.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro Overview Wi-Fi Figure 7-18 MoCA Quick Test results - MoCA tab Ethernet 7.5.2 About intentional test delays (MoCA Quick Test) System Optionally, you can introduce delays into the MoCA Quick Test process to reduce the possibility that non-applicable errors will cause the test to fail. These delays are configured in the MoCA thresholds area (see Thresholds on page 7-28).
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only!
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Wi-Fi The unit is preconfigured with defaults for these settings. If you do not know the precise settings that are applicable to your testing architecture, Spirent recommends that you maintain the defaults. 7.6 System menu settings/controls (for MoCA) Thresholds on page 7-28 7.6.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro Overview Wi-Fi Figure 7-19 Vendor MAC Address lookup table Ethernet System NOTE: The unit has an additional, internal table that it uses to look up any address not contained in the Vendor MAC Address table. This internal table contains information similar to any publiclyavailable address lookup on the internet.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Thresholds are specified as ranges, such as “Pass” ranges and “Fail” ranges.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Q. Test Init Delay Q. Test Settle Delay Overview Include Admission Errors Intentional delays to insert into the MoCA Quick Test process, in order to allow the network time to stabilize. These settings do not represent a range and therefore the To column is not applicable. Also, for Q. Test Init Delay, the option of Auto is provided.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Intro Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Pass Bit Rate(Mbps),190,300,Yes It must have the following filename: • You can precede any line with an exclamation point (!) to restrict the setting from editing onboard the unit, for example: !Pass CP Len(slots),30,35,Yes In this case, the 30-35 range will be viewable on the unit, but will not be editable. Note that this condition cannot be undone except by importing another thresholds file to the unit. 7.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Overview • It is shielded. • Typically, an existing coaxial network already interconnects the video devices within the home, which are a primary target for broadband services. • Compared to wireless networks, wire-based networks are generally faster, more secure, and more reliable. The MoCA 1.1 and 2.0 standards allow up to 16 nodes per network. MoCA 1.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Despite the physical interconnectivity of this example network, the logical network concept operates identically to other networks with respect to member nodes. In the Figure 7-21 example, the WAN consists of the ONT and router only and the LAN consists of the router and all other devices except the ONT. Even though every node has both the LAN and WAN signals at its coaxial port, only the router is part of both networks.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro 7.7.3 Other MoCA network examples/scenarios Overview Aside from the FTTP-based architecture shown in Figure 7-21 on page 7-33, MoCA implementations may take other forms, especially with regard to the type of network used by the provider to deliver broadband services to the premises.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! 7.7.4 MoCA functional overview A MoCA network is designed for self-maintenance and dynamic adjustment for optimal performance. The following sections briefly describe the physical and media access layers (PHY and MAC, respectively), along with some details on the communications involved with network maintenance, especially as related to testing with the MoCA module.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro MoCA data link layer MoCA defines a MAC (media access control) protocol that determines how nodes may access the shared media to transmit/receive Ethernet frames. It specifies two general types of MAC layer frames: Overview • Control frames - Frames that contain MoCA network management messaging • Data frames - Frames that contain the end-user application data (internet, IPTV, etc.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! A powered signal amplifier on the network that restricts the passage of frequencies in the MoCA spectrum Ultimately, any condition that increases line attenuation will decrease the reach and performance of MoCA. 7.7.6 About multiple MoCA versions on a single network MoCA 2.0 provides backwards compatibility with MoCA 1.1, such that a MoCA 2.0-compliant node can operate at MoCA 1.1. Furthermore, if a network has both 2.0-compliant and 1.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 8: MoCA/RF - RF Testing This section describes the RF-specific functions of the combined MoCA/RF module. This module adds: • Signal strength measurements, for both analog and digital (QAM) video channels. • For digital signals, common measurements such as MER and BER, along with a constellation diagram analysis tool.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro 8.2 Channel Sweep Test Overview The Channel Sweep Test (available from the main RF menu) provides RF measurements for up to 12 channels on the wire, serving as a batch test of a group of channels. The results produced for each channel are a subset of the information produced when a Single Channel Test is run.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 For the results, note the following: • See Channel testing measurements/results on page 8-12 for detailed results descriptions. • In the graphical view, the table at the bottom shows details for the selected channel only, identified by a lighter color on the bar graphs. Use the left/right arrow keys to change the selection.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro 8.3 Single Channel Test The Single Channel Test (available from the main RF menu) provides measurements on a single specified channel. Overview 8.3.1 Single Channel Test setup The test initiates immediately with no setup parameters. All test parameters are configured in the results screen. Wi-Fi 8.3.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! • Results for analog channels include power measurements only. Additionally, note that: – The unit measures the “video” frequency only, not the audio. – The unit does not tune or lock onto the channel by any method. It simply measures power at the video frequency. • Results for out-of-band (OOB) channels include power measurements only. For more information, see About out-of-band (OOB) channel support on page 8-18.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Table 8-1 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Test display controls Overview Display control Function Running (Display > Running) Pauses and restarts a continuously-running test. Channel/Frequency (Display > Channel/Frequency) Sets the channel for analysis. You should specify: A Channel number or designation, which refers to a channel in the active channel guide (see View Channel Listings on page 8-7).
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Note that: Only one guide may be active at any given time. • You can view the channel listings in the active guide at any time with the View Channel Listings function (see View Channel Listings on page 8-7). • You can download new and/or updated guides to the unit as required (see Download RF Channel Guide(s) on page 8-23).
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Overview Column Description Video Video carrier frequency, for analog channels. Audio Audio carrier frequency, for analog channels. Digital Center carrier frequency for digital channels. Wi-Fi Ethernet System Figure 8-6 EIA CATV tab IP/Video 8.5.2 Lineup tab This tab displays the customer-specific channel lineup configured for the unit, as found in the active channel guide.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Channel number or designation for the lineup. This number/designation is used in test setup and results screens, as applicable. For example, when you specify a channel for a Single Channel Test, you should specify this value. Name Channel name or abbreviation, for informational purposes within the unit testing and results screens.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro 8.6 Close-Out Test Script Overview The Close-Out Test Script is a tool for running a series of Channel Sweep tests at various locations within a subscriber premises, recording the results in a single file that can be transferred from the unit following the testing. The intent is to produce a composite collection of results representing the service at a single subscriber location.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Purge - Removes all results from the previous script run and proceeds to the script page. • Keep - Proceeds to the script page to run a new Close-Out Script and appends any new results to the previous results set. • Proceed to FTP - Skips the script testing functions and proceeds directly to the FTP page (see Close-Out Script results management and transfer on page 8-12). Overview • Intro Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Intro • Select Next Test to return to the setup screen and run another iteration at a different location. • Select Done to exit the test and prepare for the transfer of the results (see Close-Out Script results management and transfer on page 8-12). Overview 8.6.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) PASS/FAIL status For more information on configuring thresholds, see Thresholds on page 8-23. Bar graph and power measurement notes Bar graphs are provided for a simple graphical representation of certain measurements, such as power levels. RF testing includes two basic types of bar graphs. System The first type uses a chart format, with the currently-active thresholds shown as shaded areas.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro • These graphs include a configurable Reference Level, shown as Ref Lvl (dBmV) in the previous example. This value sets largest value for the y-axis and allows you to shift the range up and down to get a better view of the measurement data. In some results screens, the reference level includes the choice of Auto, with which the unit attempts to center the data automatically.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) In some results screens where individual results are compared against thresholds, the unit presents icons that more precisely indicate the outcome of those comparisons. The following table describes these icons. For more information on thresholds, see Thresholds on page 8-23. Pass. Overview Results screen icons and threshold violations Intro Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Measurement Description MER A performance metric for a digitally-modulated signal, typically used to gauge the reliability of signal transmission. Sometimes (perhaps erroneously) referred to as a digital carrier-to-noise measurement, MER is the ratio of the carrier's average symbol power to the carrier's average error power.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Description Pre-FEC The ratio of errored bits to total bits, before and after the unit applies forward error correction (FEC) with Viterbi and ReedSolomon algorithms. The two measurements are intended to show the signal as it exists on the wire and the signal after a typical receiver applies FEC, the latter of which more accurately represents the signal that will be decoded and processed.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro 8.7.2 About out-of-band (OOB) channel support Overview The unit supports power measurements on OOB channels using the Single Channel Test and the Channel Sweep Test. An OOB channel is a provider-specific channel typically used for the transfer of data between a set-top box (STB) and provider equipment, such as the interaction with an on-screen channel guide.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) 11 Overview QAM uses this technique of modulation with one variation: the addition of a second waveform in order to double the amount of data that can be sent with each cycle. The two waves, known as the “I” and “Q” signals, travel at a fixed 90 degrees out-of-phase. With each cycle, both waves represent amplitudemodulated binary numbers which collectively represent a larger set of bits.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Overview In this case, the variation of the actual amplitudes from the expected levels for perfect modulation would cause the symbol to be plotted off-center. Because the I and Q signals both deviate from the expected amplitude, the plot is pushed away from center on both axes: Intro Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Overview Wi-Fi Moderate noise impairment Severe noise impairment Figure 8-18 Common impairment signatures on the constellation graph Ethernet System IP/Video RF interference I/Q signal phase disturbance The first three normally indicate outside interference on the physical medium.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro 8.8.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! NOTE: If a threshold is not editable, it has been configured as such in the threshold file imported to the unit. For more information, see Download Thresholds on page 8-25. Download Thresholds As an alternative to editing thresholds directly on the unit, you can download a thresholds file to set all thresholds as a batch. This action completely overwrites all existing thresholds on the unit.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Supported threshold ranges Overview Threshold Range Max Digital Power -30 to 30 dBmV Min Digital Power Wi-Fi Min 64-QAM MER 24 to 29 dB Min 256-QAM MER 28 to 33 dB Max Pre-FEC BER 0.0000000010 to 0.001 Max Post-FEC BER Max Analog Video Power -30 to 30 dBmV Ethernet Min Analog Video Power Minimum and maximum OOB channel power levels -35 to 35 dBmV System 8.8.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Setting Description System Name A name under which all other FTP settings will be stored when you select Save. This feature is a convenience that allows you to store the profiles of multiple target servers and retrieve them later by selecting the name. To create a new profile, select [Create New] from the list and follow the prompts.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Overview Wi-Fi Ethernet System IP/Video MoCA RF Specs 8-28 Ch. # A. video (MHz) 14 A. audio (Mhz) Digital (MHz) Ch. # A. video A. audio Digital (MHz) (Mhz) (MHz) 121.2625 125.7625 123.0000 93 637.2500 641.7500 639.0000 15 127.2625 131.7625 129.0000 94 643.2500 647.7500 645.0000 16 133.2625 137.7625 135.0000 95 91.2500 95.7500 17 139.2500 143.7500 141.0000 96 97.2500 101.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) 42 331.2750 335.7750 333.0000 121 775.2500 779.7500 777.0000 43 337.2625 341.7625 339.0000 122 781.2500 785.7500 783.0000 44 343.2625 347.7625 345.0000 123 787.2500 791.7500 789.0000 45 349.2625 353.7625 351.0000 124 793.2500 797.7500 795.0000 46 355.2625 359.7625 357.0000 125 799.2500 803.7500 801.0000 47 361.2625 365.7625 363.0000 126 805.2500 809.7500 807.0000 48 367.2625 371.7625 369.0000 127 811.2500 815.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Overview Wi-Fi Ethernet System IP/Video MoCA RF Specs 8-30 Ch. # A. video (MHz) 68 A. audio (Mhz) Digital (MHz) Ch. # A. video A. audio Digital (MHz) (Mhz) (MHz) 487.2500 491.7500 489.0000 147 931.2500 935.7500 933.0000 69 493.2500 497.7500 495.0000 148 937.2500 941.7500 939.0000 70 499.2500 503.7500 501.0000 149 943.2500 947.7500 945.0000 71 505.2500 510.7500 508.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 9: Specifications This section provides detailed information on physical components and specifications of the Tech-X Flex base unit and modules. Note that: • Specifications are subject to change. • If the unit produces a measurement that is beyond a range shown in these specifications, it should be considered generally valid but not necessarily within the stated accuracy. 9.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro Table 9-2 Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Power specifications AC operations Requires external AC adapter/charger. Adapter will charge battery while unit is in use. Adapter specifications: Overview • Input - 100 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 0.8 amps • Output - 12 VDC, 2.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 RF functional area specifications Overview For ATSC 6 GHz channels: • Tuning range: 50 to 1002 MHz • Tuning resolution: 62.5 kHz • Channel bandwidth: 6 MHz For 8 GHz channels: • Power measurement range: -30 to +30 dBmV. For additional information, see Bar graph and power measurement notes on page 8-13. • Power level accuracy (multiplex): +/-2.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex® (NG2) Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro 9.4 MoCA functional area specifications Table 9-6 MoCA functional area specifications MoCA standard support MoCA 1.0, 1.1, and 2.0 Overview 9.5 MoCA/RF module compliance Wi-Fi UL® /CSA®61010-1 - Safety Requirements For Electrical Equipment For Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use 9.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.50 Intro 9.7 IC compliance statements This device complies with Industry Canada license-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only! Tech-X Flex User Guide - Firmware v06.
Preliminary issue - Limited distribution only!