M-Turbo Ultrasound System TM User Guide
M-Turbo Ultrasound System TM User Guide
SonoSite, Inc. 21919 30th Drive SE Bothell, WA 98021 USA T: 1‐888‐482‐9449 or 1‐425‐951‐1200 F: 1‐425‐951‐1201 SonoSite Ltd Alexander House 40A Wilbury Way Hitchin Herts SG4 0AP UK T: +44‐1462‐444800 F: +44‐1462‐444801 Caution: Federal (United States) law restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a physician. M-Turbo, SiteLink, SonoCalc, SonoHD, SonoSite, and the SonoSite logo are registered trademarks or trademarks of SonoSite, Inc.
Contents Introduction Conventions, symbols, and terms ......................................................................... vii Customer comments .................................................................................................. vii Chapter 1: Getting Started About the system .......................................................................................................... 1 Preparing the system ....................................................................................
OB Calculations setup ................................................................................................ 20 OB Custom Measurements setup .......................................................................... 21 OB Custom Tables setup ........................................................................................... 22 Presets setup ................................................................................................................. 22 System Information setup .........
Small Parts calculations ....................................................................................64 Transcranial Doppler and Orbital calculations ........................................65 Vascular calculations .........................................................................................67 Patient report ................................................................................................................68 Vascular and cardiac patient reports ..............................
In Situ, derated, and water value intensities ...........................................105 Tissue models and equipment survey ......................................................106 Acoustic output tables ............................................................................................107 Terms used in the acoustic output tables ...............................................132 Acoustic measurement precision and uncertainty ..............................133 Labeling symbols .................
Introduction The user guide is for a reader familiar with ultrasound techniques. It does not provide training in sonography or clinical practices. Before using the system, you must have ultrasound training. See the applicable SonoSite accessory user guide for information on using accessories and peripherals. See the manufacturer’s instructions for specific information about peripherals. Customer comments Questions and comments are encouraged.
viii Customer comments
Chapter 1: Getting Started About the system A license key is required to activate the software. See “Software licensing” on page 71. On occasion, a software upgrade may be required. SonoSite provides a USB device containing the software. One USB device can be used to upgrade multiple systems. 1 2 3 Getting Started The M‐Turbo ultrasound system is a portable, software‐controlled device using all‐digital architecture.
To install the battery 1 Disconnect the power supply from the ultrasound system. 2 Remove the system from the mini‐dock (if present) and turn it upside down. 3 Place the battery into the battery compartment, at a slight angle. See Figure 3. 4 Slide the battery forward until it locks into place. Locking levers 5 Push down on the two locking levers to secure the battery. To remove the battery 1 Disconnect the power supply from the ultrasound system.
Connecting transducers The equipment shall be connected to a center-tapped single phase supply circuit when users in the United States connect the equipment to a 240V supply system. Caution: Verify that the hospital supply voltage corresponds to the power supply voltage range. See “Electrical” on page 154. WARNING: To avoid injury to the patient, do not place the connector on the patient. Operate the ultrasound system in a docking system or on a flat hard surface to allow air flow past the connector.
To connect a transducer 1 Remove the system from the mini‐dock (if present), and turn it upside down. WARNING: To avoid damaging the USB storage device and losing patient data from it, observe the following: • Do not remove the USB storage device or turn off the ultrasound system while the system is exporting. • Do not bump or otherwise apply pressure to the USB storage device while it is in a USB port on the ultrasound system. The connector could break.
System controls 1 14 2 15 Getting Started 3 4 5 16 17 18 19 6 7 20 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 Power switch Turns system on and off. 2 Alphanumeric keys Use to enter text and numbers. 3 Annotation keys See “Alphanumeric keyboard” on page 9. 4 ZOOM Magnifies the image 100%. 5 DEPTH UP, DEPTH DOWN Decreases and increases imaging depth. 6 AUTO GAIN Adjusts gain automatically. 7 Gain Near Adjusts the gain applied to the near field of the image.
6 8 AC power indicator A steady light indicates that AC power is connected. A flashing light indicates that the system is asleep. 9 CALIPER CALCS Displays calipers on-screen for measuring. Turns the calculations menu on and off. 10 Touchpad Selects, adjusts, and moves items on-screen. 11 FREEZE Stops live imaging and displays a frozen image. 12 SAVE Saves an image to internal storage. If configured, also saves calculations to the report. See “Presets setup” on page 22.
Screen layout 9 1 2 3 4 10 Getting Started 5 6 11 7 8 Figure 1 Screen Layout 1 Mode Data Area Current imaging mode information (for example, Gen, Res, THI, and PW). 2 Orientation Marker Provides indication for image orientation. In dual and duplex images, the orientation marker is green on the active screen. 3 Text Text entered using keyboard. 4 Pictograph Pictograph to indicate anatomy and transducer position. You can select anatomy and screen location.
General interaction Touchpad and cursor Use the touchpad to adjust and move objects on‐screen. The touchpad controls caliper position, CPD or Color box position and size, the cursor, and more. The arrow keys control much of the same functionality as the touchpad. The cursor appears in the setup pages, the patient information form, and patient report. You control the cursor through the touchpad.
Annotation and text Alphanumeric keyboard 10 2 Getting Started 1 11 3 4 5 6 7 1 TAB Moves cursor among fields in the forms, and tabs between text position in dual screens. 2 CAPS LOCK Sets the keyboard to capital letters. 3 SHIFT Allows entry of capitalized characters and international characters. 4 TEXT Turns the keyboard on and off for text entry. 5 PICTO Turns pictographs on and off. 6 ARROW Displays an arrow graphic that can be moved and rotated within the image area.
Symbols You can enter symbols and special characters in select fields and forms. The symbols and special characters available depend on context. Preparing transducers WARNING: Patient information form: Last, First, Middle, Patient ID, Accession, Indications, Procedure ID, User, Reading Dr., Referring Dr., and Institution fields Some transducer sheaths contain natural rubber latex and talc, which can cause allergic reactions in some individuals. Refer to 21 CFR 801.
4 Select the Videos tab. WARNING: To apply a transducer sheath SonoSite recommends the use of market‐cleared, transducer sheaths for intracavitary or surgical applications.To lessen the risk of contamination, apply the sheath only when you are ready to perform the procedure. 1 Place gel inside the sheath. 2 Insert the transducer into the sheath. 3 Pull the sheath over the transducer and cable until the sheath is fully extended. 4 Secure the sheath using the bands supplied with the sheath.
Abdominal Imaging Applications You can assess the liver, kidneys, pancreas, spleen, gallbladder, bile ducts, transplanted organs, abdominal vessels, and surrounding anatomical structures for the presence or absence of pathology transabdominally. Cardiac Imaging Applications You can assess the heart, cardiac valves, great vessels, surrounding anatomical structures, overall cardiac performance, and heart size for the presence or absence of pathology. You can obtain the patient’s electrocardiogram (ECG).
WARNING: Getting Started To avoid injury to the patient, use only an Orbital (Orb) or Ophthalmic (Oph) exam type when performing imaging through the eye. The FDA has established lower acoustic energy limits for ophthalmic use. The system will not exceed these limits only if the Orb or Oph exam type is selected. Transcranial Imaging Applications You can assess the anatomical structures and vascular anatomy of the brain for presence or absence of pathology.
14 Intended uses
Chapter 2: System Setup The system setup pages let you customize the system and set preferences. Displaying the setup pages To display a setup page 1 Press the SETUP key. 2 Select the setup page under Setup Pages. To return to imaging from a setup page, select Done on‐screen. Footswitch (L), Footswitch (R) The function of the left and right footswitches: Save Clip, Record, Freeze, Save Image, or Print. See also “To connect the footswitch.
Security settings WARNING: Health care providers who maintain or transmit health information are required by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 and the European Union Data Protection Directive (95/46/EC) to implement appropriate procedures: to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of information; to protect against any reasonably anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of the information or unauthorized uses or disclosures of the information.
2 Under User List, select the user. 2 Log in as Administrator. 3 Under User Information, make changes as desired. 3 Select Import on‐screen. 4 Select Save. Any change to the user name replaces the previous name. To delete a user 1 Log in as Administrator. 2 Under User List, select the user. 3 Select Delete. 4 Select Yes. To change a user password 2 In the User List, select the user. 5 Restart the system. All user names and passwords on the system are replaced with the imported data.
Logging in as user If user login is required, the User Login screen appears when you turn on the system. (See “To require user login” on page 16.) To log in as user 1 Turn on the system. 2 In the User Login screen, type your name and password, and select OK. To log in as guest Guests can scan but can’t access system setup and patient information. 1 Turn on the system. 2 In the User Login screen, select Guest. To change your password 1 Turn on the system. 2 In the User Login screen, select Password.
To import predefined label groups 1 Insert the USB storage device that contains the label groups. 2 On the Annotations setup page, select Import on‐screen. 3 Select the USB storage device, and then select Import. 4 Select Done in the dialog box that appears. All predefined label groups for all exams are replaced with those from the USB storage device. Audio, Battery setup Key click Select On or Off for keys to click when pressed.
To receive storage alerts On the Connectivity setup page, select Internal Storage Capacity Alert. The system displays a message if internal storage is near capacity when you end an exam. The system then deletes archived patient exams if specified in DICOM. Date and Time setup WARNING: To obtain accurate obstetrics calculations, an accurate date and time are critical. Verify that the date and time are accurate before each use of the system.
To import OB calculation tables Tables that you import are added to those already on the system. 1 Insert the USB storage device that contains the tables. 2 On the OB Calculations setup page, select Import on‐screen. 3 Select the USB storage device, and then select Import. 4 Select OK in the dialog box that appears. The system restarts.
4 Select New on‐screen. 3 Select Yes. The exam ends, and any tables and report data associated with the measurement are removed from the system. 5 In the Author box, type a unique name. 6 Enter the data. 7 Select Save on‐screen. OB Custom Tables setup On the OB Custom Tables setup pages, you can customize growth tables that appear in the calculations menu and patient report.
contrast images, and positive numbers show lower contrast images. compression. (See also “Limitations of JPEG format.”) Units Units for patient height and weight in cardiac exams: in/ft/lbs or cm/m/kg. A high compression has a smaller file size but less detail. Language The system language. Changing the language requires restarting the system. For SiteLink export type, the image format affects only still images. For DICOM export type, the image format affects both still images and clips.
24 USB Devices setup
Chapter 3: Imaging Imaging modes The system has a high‐performance display and advanced image‐optimization technology that significantly simplifies user controls. Imaging modes available depend on the transducer and exam type. See “Imaging modes and exams available by transducer” on page 31. 2D options In 2D imaging, you can select the following on‐screen options. Settings are as follows: • Res provides the best possible resolution. • Gen provides a balance between resolution and penetration.
LVO On, LVO Off LVO On turns on Left Ventricular Opacification. LVO Off turns off this option. Use LVO for cardiac exams in 2D imaging mode when using an imaging contrast agent. LVO lowers the mechanical index (MI) of the system to enhance visualization of the contrast agent and endocardial border. This option depends on transducer and exam type. Orientation Select from four image orientations: U/R (Up/Right), U/L (Up/Left), D/L (Down/Left), D/R (Down/Right). Brightness Adjusts the display brightness.
2 Select CPD or Color. 3 Set options as desired. Many optimization and depth options available in 2D imaging are also available in M Mode imaging. See “2D options” on page 25. To display the M Mode trace 1 Display the M‐line. 2 Adjust the depth if necessary. (See “To adjust depth” on page 30.) 3 Press the M MODE key. The time scale above the trace has small marks at 200ms intervals and large marks at one‐second intervals. 4 Do any of the following as needed: • Select the sweep speed Fast).
PRF Scale Select the desired pulse repetition frequency (PRF) setting by pressing the control keys. There is a wide range of PRF settings for each Flow Sensitivity setting (Low, Med, and High). Available on select transducers. Wall Filter Settings include Low, Med, and High. Available on select transducers. Steering Variance Invert Select the steering angle setting of the color ROI box (-15, 0, or +15). If adding PW Doppler, see “PW Doppler options” on page 29. Available on select transducers.
• If using a duplex layout, press the DOPPLER key to toggle between the full‐screen D‐line and the duplex layout. • 0 has an angle correction of 0°. • +15 has an angle correction of +60°. You can manually correct the angle after selecting a steering angle setting. (See “To display the D-line” on page 28.) Available on select transducers. To set a duplex layout, see “Presets setup” on page 22. PW Doppler options In PW Doppler imaging, you can set the following on‐screen options.
Live Trace Page x/x Displays a live trace of the peak or mean. (See “Presets setup” on page 22 to specify peak or mean.) Indicates which page of options is displayed. Select to display the next page. Adjusting depth and gain To adjust depth You can adjust the depth in all imaging modes but the trace modes. The vertical depth scale is marked in 0.5 cm, 1 cm, and 5 cm increments, depending on the depth. Press the following keys: • UP DEPTH key to decrease the displayed depth.
down, left, and right. (You cannot pan in Dual.) Imaging modes and exams available by transducer To exit zoom, press the ZOOM key again. CPD3 Color3 PW Doppler4 CW Doppler Abd X X X X — Neo X X X X — Nrv X X X X — Vas X X X X — OB X X X X — Gyn X X X X — Abd X X X X — Nrv X X X X — D2x Crd — — — — X HFL38x Bre X X X X — SmP X X X X — Vas X X X X — The transducer you use determines which exam types are available.
CW Doppler CPD3 Color3 PW Doppler4 CW Doppler X X X — Vas X X X X — Vas X X X X — Ven X X X X — Nrv X X X X — TEEx Crd X — X X X Oph X X X X — Sup X X X X — Ven X X X X — Bre X X X X — SmP X X X X — Vas X X X X — IMT X X X X — 1.
The default home position depends on the imaging screen layout. You can reset the home position. See “To reset the home position” on page 33. 3 Using the keyboard, type text. • The arrow keys move the cursor left, right, up, and down. • The DELETE key deletes all text. 4 Press the ARROW key to set the arrow. The arrow changes from green to white. To remove the arrow, press the ARROW key and then select Hide.
To create a new patient information form • ID Patient identification number 1 Press the PATIENT key. • Accession Enter number, if applicable. 2 Select • Date of birth New/End. • Gender 3 Fill in the form fields. See “Patient information form fields” on page 34. • Indications Enter desired text 4 Select Done. • User User initials See also “To append images and clips to a patient exam” on page 37. • Procedure (button) Available if the DICOM Worklist feature is licensed and configured.
Saving the heart rate using a measurement overwrites this entry. • Height (Cardiac exam) The patient height in feet and inches or meters and centimeters. (To change the units, see “Presets setup” on page 22.) • Weight (Cardiac exam) The patient weight in pounds or kilos. (To change the units, see “Presets setup” on page 22.) • BSA (Cardiac exam) Body Surface Area. Automatically calculated after you enter height and weight. By default, the SAVE key saves only the image.
Clips options Time, ECG Time and ECG share the same location on-screen. • With Time, capturing is based on number of seconds. Select the time duration. • With ECG, capturing is based on the number of heart beats. Select the number of beats. Preview On, Preview Off PrevOn and PrevOff turn the preview feature on and off. • With Prev/On, the captured clip automatically plays on-screen. The clip can be trimmed, saved, or deleted.
2 Select Edit. 3 Fill in the form fields, and select OK. To append images and clips to a patient exam Although you cannot add images and clips to a patient exam that is ended, exported, or archived, you can automatically start a new patient exam that has the same patient information. Depending on your archiver, the two exams appear as one study when exported or archived. 1 Select the exam in the patient list. 2 Select Append on‐screen. A new patient information form appears.
Each image appears briefly on‐screen while printing. To display information about a patient exam 1 On the patient list, select the exam. To export patient exams to a USB storage device 2 Select Info. A USB storage device is for temporary storage of images and clips. Patient exams should be archived regularly. To specify file format, see “USB Devices setup” on page 23. ECG Monitoring 1 Insert the USB storage device. ECG Monitoring is an optional feature and requires a SonoSite ECG cable.
ECG Monitoring options Show/Hide Turns on and off ECG trace. Gain Increases or decreases ECG gain. Settings are 0-20. Position Sets the position of the ECG trace. Sweep Speed Settings are Slow, Med, and Fast. Displays Line and Save for clip acquisition delay. (For instructions to capture clips, see “To capture and save a clip” on page 35.) Line The position of the delay line on the ECG trace. The delay line indicates where the clip acquisition is triggered.
40 ECG Monitoring
Chapter 4: Measurements and Calculations You can measure for quick reference, or you can measure within a calculation. You can perform general calculations as well as calculations specific to an exam type. Measurements are performed on frozen images. For references used, see Chapter 7, “References.” Measurements You can perform basic measurements in any imaging mode and can save the image with the measurements displayed. (See “To save an image” on page 35.
To improve precision of caliper placement Do any of the following: • Adjust the display for maximum sharpness. You can perform a combination of distance, area, circumference, and manual trace measurements at one time. The total number possible depends on their order and type. • Use leading edges (closest to the transducer) or borders for starting and stopping points. To measure distance (2D) • Maintain a consistent transducer orientation for each type of measurement.
4 Press the SELECT key. 5 Using the touchpad, complete the trace, and press the SET key. See “To save a measurement to a calculation and patient report” on page 41. M Mode measurements The basic measurements that you can perform in M Mode imaging are as follows: • Distance in cm/Time in seconds 4 Press the SELECT key. A second vertical caliper appears. 5 Using the touchpad, position the second vertical caliper at the peak of the next heartbeat.
To measure Velocities, Elapsed Time, +/x Ratio, Resistive Index (RI), and Acceleration (Doppler) 1 On a frozen Doppler spectral trace, press the CALIPER key. A single caliper appears. 2 Using the touchpad, position the caliper to a peak systolic waveform. 3 Press the SELECT key. A second caliper appears. 4 Using the touchpad, trace the waveform. To make a correction, select Undo on‐screen, backtrack with the touchpad, or press the BACKSPACE key. 5 Press the SET key. The measurement results appear.
• Mean Pressure Gradient (PGmean) • Mean Velocity on Peak Trace (Vmean) Menu items followed by ellipses (. . .) have subentries. • Pressure Gradient (PGmax) To select from the calculations menu • Cardiac Output (CO) 1 On a frozen image, press the CALCS key. • Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV) • Time Average Mean (TAM)* • +/× or Systolic/Diastolic (S/D) • Pulsatility Index (PI) • End Diastolic Velocity (EDV) • Acceleration Time (AT) • Resistive Index (RI) The calculations menu appears.
is set to Image/Calcs. (See “Presets setup” on page 22.) The calculation saves to the patient report, and the image saves to internal storage with the measurements displayed. Displaying, repeating, and deleting saved measurements in calculations To display a saved measurement Do one of the following: • Highlight the measurement name in the calculations menu. The result appears below the menu. Some measurements can be deleted directly from the patient report pages. See “Patient report” on page 68.
Transducer Exam Types b Using the touchpad, move the caliper to the trace starting point, and press the SELECT key. C11x Abdomen c Using the touchpad, trace the desired area. C60x Abdomen To make a correction, select Undo on‐screen or press the BACKSPACE key. HFL38x IMT, Small Parts, Vascular L25x Vascular, Muscle L38x IMT, Small Parts, Vascular P10x Abdomen P21x Abdomen SLAx Muscle, Vascular d Complete the trace, and press the SET key. e Save the calculation.
Volume calculations WARNING: To avoid incorrect calculations, verify that the patient information, date, and time settings are accurate. To avoid misdiagnosis or harming the patient outcome, start a new patient information form before starting a new patient exam and performing calculations. Starting a new patient information form clears the previous patient’s data. The previous patient’s data will be combined with the current patient if the form is not first cleared.
Transducer Exam Types C11x Abdomen C60x Abdomen HFL38x Vascular L25x Vascular L38x Vascular P10x Abdomen P21x Abdomen SLAx Vascular • Difficulty ensuring uniform insonation of the vessel. The system is limited to the following sample volume sizes: • C11x transducer: 1, 2, 3 Gate Size (mm) • C60x and P10x transducers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12 Gate Size (mm) • HFL38x, L25x, L38x, and SLAx transducers: 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12 Gate Size (mm) • P21x transducer: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11.
c Using the touchpad, position the vertical caliper at the beginning of the waveform. If calipers are not positioned correctly, the calculation result is inaccurate. d Press the SELECT key to display a second vertical caliper. e Using the touchpad, position the second vertical caliper at the end of the waveform. f Press the SET key to complete the trace and to display the results. g Save the calculation. See “To save a calculation” on page 45.
Cardiac Measurements (Imaging Mode) Cardiac Measurements (Imaging Mode) Calculation Results Menu Heading ACS (M Mode) ACS PISA LVET (M Mode) LVET EF:Slope (M Mode) EF SLOPE Ann D (2D) Radius (Color) MR/VTI (Doppler) MV/VTI (Doppler) EPSS (M Mode) EPSS PISA Area ERO MV Rate Regurgitant Volume Regurgitant Fraction LV…LVd RVW (M Mode) RVD (M Mode) IVS (M Mode) LVD (M Mode) LVPW (M Mode) Qp/Qs …LVs RVW (M Mode) RVD (M Mode) IVS (M Mode) LVD (M Mode) LVPW (M Mode) CO EF SV LVESV LVEDV IVSFT L
Menu Heading Cardiac Measurements (Imaging Mode) Calculation Results Menu Heading Cardiac Measurements (Imaging Mode) P.
To measure LVd and LVs Menu Heading Cardiac Measurements (Imaging Mode) TV TRmax (Doppler) Vmax PGmax E (Doppler) A (Doppler) E E PG A A PG E:A PHT (Doppler) VTI (Doppler) PV Calculation Results PHT MVA Decel time VTI Vmax PGmax Vmean PGmean 1 On a frozen 2D image or M Mode trace, press the CALCS key. 2 From the calculations menu, select the measurement name. 3 Position the active (green) caliper at the starting point. (See “Working with calipers” on page 41.
c Using the touchpad, trace the left ventricular (LV) cavity. To make a correction, select Undo on‐screen or press the BACKSPACE key. 6 Save the calculation. d Complete the trace, and press the SET key. To measure peak velocity e Save the calculation. (See “To save a calculation” on page 45.) For each cardiac measurement, the system saves up to five individual measurements and calculates their average. If you take more than five measurements, the most recent measurement replaces the fifth one.
4 Using the touchpad, trace the waveform. To make a correction, select Undo on‐screen, backtrack with the touchpad, or press the BACKSPACE key. 5 Press the SET key to complete the trace. 6 Save the calculation. (See “To save a calculation” on page 45.) For information on the automatic trace tool, see “To trace automatically (Doppler)” on page 44. To calculate Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure (RVSP) 1 On a frozen Doppler spectral trace, press the CALCS key.
To make a correction, select Undo on‐screen, backtrack with the touchpad, or press the BACKSPACE key. d Press the SET key to complete the trace. e Save the calculation. 4 Press the SELECT key. A second horizontal dotted line with an active caliper appears at 300 cm/s. 5 Position the second caliper along the waveform at 300 cm/s. For information on the automatic trace tool, see “To trace automatically (Doppler)” on page 44. 6 Save the calculation. (See “To save a calculation” on page 45.
a From the calculations menu, locate Qp/Qs and then select LVOT D or RVOT D. c Position the calipers. (See “Working with calipers” on page 41.) b Position the calipers. (See “Working with calipers” on page 41.) d Save the calculation. (See “To save a calculation” on page 45.) c Save the calculation. (See “To save a calculation” on page 45.) 3 On a frozen Doppler spectral trace, press the CALCS key.
1 (CI Only) Fill in the Height and Weight fields on the patient information form. The BSA is calculated automatically. (See “To create a new patient information form” on page 34.) WARNING: 2 Calculate SV. See “To calculate Stroke Volume (SV) or Stroke Index (SI)” on page 57. To avoid misdiagnosis or harming the patient outcome, start a new patient information form before starting a new patient exam and performing calculations. Starting a new patient information form clears the previous patient’s data.
To measure follicles To avoid incorrect calculations, verify that the patient information, date, and time settings are accurate. You can save up to six follicular measurements, one distance measurement for each of up to six follicles. 1 On a frozen 2D image, press the CALCS key. To avoid misdiagnosis or harming the patient outcome, start a new patient information form before starting a new patient exam and performing calculations.
IMT tool options IMT Calculations (2D) Menu Heading Available Measurements Right-IMT Left-IMT Ant N (Anterior Near Wall) Ant F (Anterior Far Wall) Lat N (Lateral Near Wall) Lat F (Lateral Far Wall) Post N (Posterior Near Wall) Post F (Posterior Far Wall) IMT 1 IMT 2 IMT 3 IMT 4 IMT 5 IMT 6 IMT 7 IMT 8 Plaque Plaq 1 Plaq 2 When using the IMT tool, you can select the following options on‐screen. Option Description Hide Use to check results. Hides the measurement results and trace line.
To trace IMT manually In manually tracing IMT, the user defines the location. 1 On a frozen 2D image, press the CALCS key 2 From the calculations menu, select a measurement name. 3 Select Edit on‐screen, and then select Manual, and then select Sketch. A single caliper appears, and Trace appears next to the measurement. 4 Do the following for the desired adventitia‐media boundary and then for the lumen‐intima boundary: a Position the caliper at the beginning of the boundary, and press the SELECT key.
To avoid misdiagnosis or harming the patient outcome, start a new patient information form before starting a new patient exam and performing calculations. Starting a new patient information form clears the previous patient’s data. The previous patient’s data will be combined with the current patient if the form is not first cleared. See “To create a new patient information form” on page 34. Prior to use, verify that OB custom table data entries are correct.
Calculation Result Gestational OB Measurements Table Authors Estimated Fetal Weight (EFW)c HC, AC, FL Hadlock 1 BPD, AC, FL Hadlock 2 AC, FL Hadlock 3 BPD, TTD Hansmann BPD, FTA, FL Osaka U. BPD, AC Shepard BPD, TTD, APTD, FL Tokyo U. HC/AC Campbell FL/AC Hadlock FL/BPD Hohler FL/HC Hadlock page, determines the measurements you must perform to obtain an EFW calculation. (See “OB Calculations setup” on page 20.
Cerebral Artery) or UmbA (Umbilical Artery). 3 Using the touchpad, position the vertical caliper at the peak of the heartbeat. b Position the calipers: 4 Press the SELECT key. • For S/D, RI, position the first caliper at the peak systolic waveform. Press the SELECT key, and position the second caliper at the end diastole on the waveform. A second vertical caliper appears. 5 Using the touchpad, position the second vertical caliper at the peak of the next heartbeat. 6 Save the calculation.
5 Position Line A, and save the measurement. (See “To save a calculation” on page 45.) Line B (beta line) appears on‐screen, and Line B is selected in the calculations menu. Transcranial Doppler and Orbital calculations WARNING: 6 Position Line B, and save the measurement. To calculate d:D ratio To avoid injury to the patient, use only an Orbital (Orb) exam type when performing imaging through the eye. Verify that the patient information, date, and time settings are accurate.
Transcranial and Orbital Calculations Transcranial and Orbital Calculations Menu Heading TT MCA TCD and Orb Measurements Dist Mid Prox Bifur* ACA ACoA* TICA TT PCAp1 PCAp2 PCoA TO OA Siphon SM ECICA Menu Heading TCD and Orb Measurements FM VA Results TAP PSV EDV PI RI S/D Gate Size TAP PSV EDV PI RI S/D Gate Size TAP PSV EDV PI RI S/D Gate Size FM BA AL Prox Mid Dist ECVA Results TAP PSV EDV PI RI S/D Gate Size TAP PSV EDV PI RI S/D Gate Size *Available but not required WARNING: To avo
2 On a frozen Doppler spectral trace, press the CALCS key. 3 From the calculations menu, select Left or Right. Vascular calculations WARNING: 4 Do the following for each measurement you want to take: a From the calculations menu, select the measurement. (You may need to select Next or Prev to locate the measurement.) b Do one of the following: • For a manual trace measurement, use the touchpad to position the caliper. Press the SELECT key. Use the touchpad to trace the waveform.
3 Do the following for each measurement you want to take: . Vascular Calculations a From the calculations menu, select the measurement name. Menu Heading Vascular Measurement Calculation Results CCA Prox s (systolic), d (diastolic) Mid s (systolic), d (diastolic) Dist s (systolic), d (diastolic) d Using the touchpad, position the second caliper at the end diastole on the waveform. Bulb s (systolic), d (diastolic) e Save the calculation. (See “To save a calculation” on page 45.
To exit the patient report and return to imaging, select Done. To send a patient report to a PC You can send a patient report to a PC as a text file. 1 Ensure correct configuration. See “To configure the system for a DVD recorder, PC, or serial bar code scanner” on page 19. Make sure to use the connection cable supplied by SonoSite. Other connection cables may cause audio interference, including an inaudible Doppler signal. 2 Select Send Rep. on‐screen.
measurement/author or select on‐screen. 1/x For twins, both measurement sets are plotted on the same graph. 3 (Optional) Press the SAVE key to save the current graph page. 4 Select one of the following on‐screen: • Report to return to the previous patient report page • Done to return to live imaging. Figure 3 OB Anatomy Checklist Page EMED worksheets To fill out the OB anatomy checklist EMED worksheets contain results from EMED calculations and checklists that you can complete.
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting and Maintenance This chapter contains information to help correct problems with system operation, to enter a software license, and to take proper care of the system, transducer, and accessories. Ensure that the DVD recorder is turned on and set up properly. See the applicable SonoSite accessory user guide and the manufacturers’ instructions. External monitor does not work.
To obtain a license key for your software, contact SonoSite Technical Support. (See “SonoSite Technical Support” on page vii.) You need to provide the following information. (See “System Information setup” on page 23.
WARNING: Caution: To prevent contamination, the use of sterile transducer sheaths and sterile coupling gel is recommended for clinical applications of an invasive or surgical nature. Do not apply the transducer sheath and gel until you are ready to perform the procedure. Some transducer sheaths contain natural rubber latex and talc, which can cause allergic reactions in some individuals. Refer to 21 CFR 801.437, User labeling for devices that contain natural rubber.
instructions for solution strengths and disinfectant contact duration. 5 Wipe surfaces with the disinfectant solution. 6 Air dry or towel dry with a clean cloth. Cleaning and disinfecting transducers To disinfect the transducer and its cable, use the immersion method or the wipe method. Immersible transducers can be disinfected only if the product labeling indicates they can be used with an immersion method. See Table 1, “Disinfectant Compatibility with System and Transducers” on page 77.
7 Air dry. 8 Examine the transducer and cable for damage such as cracks, splitting, or fluid leaks. Cleaning and disinfecting the battery Caution: If damage is evident, discontinue use of the transducer, and contact SonoSite or your local representative. To clean and disinfect a transducer (immersion method) 1 Disconnect the transducer from the system. 2 Remove any transducer sheath.
Cleaning and disinfecting ECG cables Caution: To avoid damaging the ECG cable, do not sterilize. To clean and disinfect the ECG cable (wipe method) 1 Remove the cable from the system. 2 Clean the surface using a soft cloth lightly dampened in a mild soap or detergent cleaning solution. Apply the solution to the cloth rather than the surface. 3 Wipe the surfaces with any of the following products: • Bleach (sodium hypochlorite) • Cidex disinfectants • Green soap 4 Air dry or towel dry with a clean cloth.
Recommended disinfectants Table 1 does not have the following regulatory information for disinfectants: • EPA Registration • FDA 510(k) clearance (liquid sterilant, high level disinfectant) • CE approval Before using a disinfectant, confirm that its regulatory status is appropriate for your jurisdiction and use. Verify expiration dates on chemicals. When disposing of chemicals, follow manufacturer recommendations and EPA regulations. See www.sonosite.com for updated cleaning and disinfectant information.
78 Table 1: Disinfectant Compatibility with System and Transducers (continued) C60x ICTx L38x P10x P21x SLAx D2x HFL38x C11x/ L25x System Surfaces Disinfection and Cleaning Solutions Country of Origin Type Active Ingredient Aquatabs (2000) IRL Tablet Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate A U N A U Aquatabs (5000) IRL Tablet Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate N U N N U Ascend USA Liquid Quat Ammonia A U A A U Asepti-HB USA Liquid Quat Ammonia A U A A U Asepti-Steryl USA Spray
Table 1: Disinfectant Compatibility with System and Transducers (continued) C60x ICTx L38x P10x P21x SLAx D2x HFL38x C11x/ L25x System Surfaces Chapter 5: Troubleshooting and Maintenance Disinfection and Cleaning Solutions Country of Origin Type Active Ingredient Cidalkan FRA Liquid Alkylamine, isopropanol U N U U U Cidalkan Lingettes FRA Wipes Ethyl Alcohol U N U U U Cidex USA Liquid Gluteraldehyde A U A A A Cidex OPA USA Liquid Ortho-phthaldehyde A A A A U Cid
80 Table 1: Disinfectant Compatibility with System and Transducers (continued) Disinfection and Cleaning Solutions Country of Origin Type Active Ingredient C60x ICTx L38x P10x P21x SLAx End-Bac II USA Liquid Quat. Ammonia A U A A A Endozime AW Plus FRA Liquid Propanol A U A A U Envirocide USA Liquid Isopropyl A U U N U Enzol USA Cleaner Ethylene Glycol A U A A U Expose USA Liquid Isopropyl A U A A U Gigasept AF DEU Liquid Quat.
Table 1: Disinfectant Compatibility with System and Transducers (continued) 81 Country of Origin Type Active Ingredient LpHse USA Liquid O-phenylphenol A U A A U Lysol USA Spray Ethanol N U N N U Lysol IC USA Liquid O-phenylphenol A U N A U Madacide 1 USA Liquid Isopropanol A N A N N Matar USA Liquid O-phenylphenol A U U A U MetriCide 14 USA Liquid Gluteraldehyde A U A A U MetriCide 28 USA Liquid Gluteraldehyde A U A A U MetriZyme USA Cle
82 Table 1: Disinfectant Compatibility with System and Transducers (continued) C60x ICTx L38x P10x P21x SLAx D2x HFL38x C11x/ L25x System Surfaces Disinfection and Cleaning Solutions Country of Origin Type Active Ingredient Sklar USA Liquid Isopropanol A U A N U Sporicidin USA Liquid Phenol A N A A U Sporicidin Wipes USA Wipe Phenol A U A A N Staphene USA Spray Ethanol A U N A N Steranios FRA Liquid Gluteraldehyde A U A A U Super Sani-Cloth USA Wipe
Table 1: Disinfectant Compatibility with System and Transducers (continued) C60x ICTx L38x P10x P21x SLAx D2x HFL38x C11x/ L25x System Surfaces Chapter 5: Troubleshooting and Maintenance Disinfection and Cleaning Solutions Country of Origin Type Active Ingredient Vesphene II USA Liquid Sodium/ o-Phenylphenate A U A A U Virex II 256 USA Liquid Ammonium Chloride A U A A U Virex TB USA Liquid Quat.
84
Chapter 6: Safety Ergonomic safety These healthy scanning guidelines are intended to assist you in the comfort and effective use of your ultrasound system. WARNING: To prevent musculoskeletal disorders, follow the guidelines in this section. Use of an ultrasound system may be linked to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)a,b,c. Use of an ultrasound system is defined as the physical interaction between the operator, the ultrasound system, and the transducer.
e.Habes, D.J. and S. Baron. “Health Hazard Report 99-0093-2749.” University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey. (1999). f.Vanderpool, H.E., E.A. Friis, B.S. Smith, and K.L. Harms. “Prevalence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Other Work-related Musculoskeletal Problems in Cardiac Sonographers.” Journal of Medicine. 35:6 (1993), 605-610. Position the system Promote comfortable shoulder, arm, and hand postures • Use a stand to support the weight of the ultrasound system.
Promote comfortable hand, wrist, and finger postures • Hold the transducer lightly in your fingers. Safety • Minimize the pressure applied on the patient. • Keep your wrist in a straight position. Take breaks, exercise, and vary activities • Minimizing scanning time and taking breaks can effectively allow your body to recover from physical activity and help you avoid MSDs. Some ultrasound tasks may require longer or more frequent breaks.
Electrical safety This system meets EN60601‐1, Class I/internally‐powered equipment requirements and Type BF isolated patient‐applied parts safety requirements. This system complies with the applicable medical equipment requirements published in the Canadian Standards Association (CSA), European Norm Harmonized Standards, and Underwriters Laboratories (UL) safety standards. See Chapter 8, “Specifications.” For maximum safety observe the following warnings and cautions.
WARNING: Safety To avoid the risk of electrical shock, do not use any transducer that has been immersed beyond the specified cleaning or disinfection level. See Chapter 5, “Troubleshooting and Maintenance.” To avoid the risk of electrical shock to the patient, do not simultaneously touch the patient and the ungrounded signal input/output connectors on the back of the ultrasound system.
Equipment safety To protect your ultrasound system, transducer, and accessories, follow these precautions. Caution: Excessive bending or twisting of cables can cause a failure or intermittent operation. Improper cleaning or disinfecting of any part of the system can cause permanent damage. For cleaning and disinfecting instructions, see Chapter 5, “Troubleshooting and Maintenance.” Do not submerge the transducer connector in solution.
Do not connect the battery to an electrical power outlet. WARNING: If the battery leaks or emits an odor, remove it from all possible flammable sources. Caution: To avoid the battery bursting, igniting, or emitting fumes from the battery and causing equipment damage, observe the following precautions: Do not immerse the battery in water or allow it to get wet. Do not put the battery into a microwave oven or pressurized container.
Clinical safety WARNING: Non-medical (commercial) grade peripheral monitors have not been verified or validated by SonoSite as being suitable for diagnosis. To avoid the risk of a burn hazard, do not use the transducer with high frequency surgical equipment. Such a hazard may occur in the event of a defect in the high frequency surgical neutral electrode connection. Do not use the system if it exhibits erratic or inconsistent behavior.
Hazardous materials The liquid crystal display (LCD) contains mercury. Dispose of the LCD properly in accordance with local regulations. Safety WARNING: Electromagnetic compatibility The ultrasound system has been tested and found to comply with the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) limits for medical devices to IEC 60601‐1‐2:2001. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a typical medical installation.
Caution: To avoid the risk of increased electromagnetic emissions or decreased immunity, use only accessories and peripherals recommended by SonoSite. Connection of accessories and peripherals not recommended by SonoSite could result in malfunctioning of your ultrasound system or other medical electrical devices in the area. Contact SonoSite or your local representative for a list of accessories and peripherals available from or recommended by SonoSite. See the SonoSite accessories user guide.
The system is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below. Table 2: Manufacturer’s Declaration - Electromagnetic Immunity IEC 60601 Test Level Compliance Level Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) 2.0KV, 4.0KV, 6.0KV contact 2.0KV, 4.0KV, 6.0KV contact IEC 61000-4-2 2.0KV, 4.0KV, 8.0KV air 2.0KV, 4.0KV, 8.0KV air Electrical fast 2KV on the mains 2KV on the mains Transient burst 1KV on signal lines 1KV on signal lines 0.5KV, 1.0KV, 2.0KV on AC power lines to ground 0.5KV, 1.
Table 2: Manufacturer’s Declaration - Electromagnetic Immunity (Continued) Electromagnetic Environment Immunity Test IEC 60601 Test Level Compliance Level Power Frequency Magnetic Field 3 A/m 3 A/m If image distortion occurs, it may be necessary to position the SonoSite ultrasound system further from sources of power frequency magnetic fields or to install magnetic shielding.
Table 2: Manufacturer’s Declaration - Electromagnetic Immunity (Continued) Radiated RF IEC 61000-4-3 (continued) IEC 60601 Test Level Compliance Level Electromagnetic Environment Safety Immunity Test Field strengths from fixed RF transmitters, as determined by an electromagnetic Site surveya, should be less than the compliance level in each frequency rangeb. Interference may occur in the vicinity of equipment marked with the following symbol: (IEC 60417 No.
penetration, resolution, and field of view. The default system presets are reset at the start of each new patient. It is the scanning technique of the qualified ultrasound user along with patient variability that determines the system settings throughout the exam. The variables which affect the way the qualified ultrasound user implements the ALARA principle include: patient body size, location of the bone relative to the focal point, attenuation in the body, and ultrasound exposure time.
Indirect controls The controls that indirectly affect output are controls affecting imaging mode, freeze, and depth. The imaging mode determines the nature of the ultrasound beam. Tissue attenuation is directly related to transducer frequency. The higher the PRF (pulse repetition frequency), the more output pulses occur over a period of time. Receiver controls The receiver controls are the gain controls. Receiver controls do not affect output.
Table 3: MI Transducer Depth C11x ↑ C60x ↑ HFL38x ↑ ICTx ↑ L25x ↑ L38x ↑ P10x ↑ P21x ↑ SLAx ↑ TEEx ↑ ↓Decrease or lower setting of parameter to reduce MI. ↑Increase or raise setting of parameter to reduce MI.
Table 4: TI (TIS, TIC, TIB) Transducer PW Settings Box Width Box Height Box Depth PRF Depth Optimize SLAx — — ↑ ↓ ↑ — ↓ (PRF) TEEx — — — ↓ ↓ — ↓ (PRF) ↓Decrease or lower setting of parameter to reduce MI. ↑Increase or raise setting of parameter to reduce MI.
Output display The system meets the AIUM output display standard for MI and TI (see last reference in “Related guidance documents” below). Table 5 indicates for each transducer and operating mode when either the TI or MI is greater than or equal to a value of 1.0, thus requiring display. Note: The D2x transducer has a static continuous wave (CW) output. This output is fixed. Therefore, TI and MI values cannot be changed by any system controls available to the user. Table 5: TI or MI ≥ 1.
Table 5: TI or MI ≥ 1.0 (Continued) CPD/ Color PW Doppler CW Doppler MI No No No No TIC, TIB, or TIS No No Yes Yes Index TEEx/8-3 Even when MI is less than 1.0, the system provides a continuous real‐time display of MI in all imaging modes, in increments of 0.1. The system meets the output display standard for TI and provides a continuous real‐time display of TI in all imaging modes, in increments of 0.1.
combination has its own unique characteristic acoustic output, and will not match the nominal output on which the display estimates are based. This variability between systems and transducers introduces an error into displayed value. By doing acoustic output sampling testing during production, the amount of error introduced by the variability is bounded.
Table 7: Transducer Surface Temperature Rise, Internal Use (°C ) ICTx SLAx TEEx Still air 9.2 9.5 9.3 Simulated Use 5.2 4.8 5.8 Safety Test Acoustic output measurement Since the initial use of diagnostic ultrasound, the possible human biological effects (bioeffects) from ultrasound exposure have been studied by various scientific and medical institutions.
Attenuation factor (a) for various tissue types are given below: brain = 0.53 heart = 0.66 kidney = 0.79 liver = 0.43 muscle = 0.55 l = skinline to measurement depth in cm f = center frequency of the transducer/system/mode combination in MHz Since the ultrasonic path during the exam is likely to pass through varying lengths and types of tissue, it is difficult to estimate the true In Situ intensity. An attenuation factor of 0.
Existing tissue models that are based on linear propagation may underestimate acoustic exposures when significant saturation due to non‐linear distortion of beams in water is present during the output measurement. The maximum acoustic output levels of diagnostic ultrasound devices extend over a broad range of values: • A survey of 1990‐equipment models yielded MI values between 0.1 and 1.0 at their highest output settings. Maximum MI values of approximately 2.
Table 8: Transducer Model: C11x/8-5 Operating Mode: CPD/Color TIS Index Label M.I. Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information Non-scan Scan Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 (a) — — # — W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions (MPa) (a) # TIB Non-scan TIC — 1.2 — 40.
Table 9: Transducer Model: C11x/8-5 Operating Mode: PW Doppler TIS Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information (MPa) (a) # Non-scan Scan Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions M.I. X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) Non-scan TIC 1.8 1.7 26.29 24.65 1.1 # 0.
Table 10: Transducer Model: C60x/5-2 Operating Mode: 2D TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information (MPa) 1.0 1.69 Non-scan Scan Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 (a) — — # — W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) Non-scan TIC — (b) — # — 4.7 — 2.84 # # # — — — — — — — — — # # # deq@Pllmax X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) 0.579 (Hz) 5440 (MPa) 2.
Table 11: Transducer Model: C60x/5-2 Operating Mode: M Mode TIS Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information (MPa) 1.0 1.62 Non-scan Scan Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) Non-scan TIC (a) (b) # # # 4.7 # 2.85 — — — # # # — — — # # # # # # deq@Pllmax X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) 0.577 (Hz) 800 (MPa) 2.
Table 12: Transducer Model: C60x/5-2 Operating Mode: PW Doppler TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information (MPa) (a) # Non-scan Scan Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions M.I. TIB X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) Non-scan TIC 3.1 (b) 85.
Table 13: Transducer Model: D2x/2 Operating Mode: CW Doppler TIS Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information (MPa) (a) # Non-scan Scan Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions M.I.
Table 14: Transducer Model: HFL38x/13-6 Operating Mode: CPD/Color TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information (MPa) 1.1 2.556 Non-scan Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 1.0 — — — (b) 53.49 — — # (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.
Table 15: Transducer Model: HFL38x/13-6 Operating Mode: PW Doppler TIS Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 (MPa) Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 — 1.2 — — 46.55 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) Non-scan TIC 2.2 (b) 46.55 # 1.1 0.9 0.33 5.32 — — — 5.33 1.04 0.4 — — — 5.33 1.04 0.4 # # # 1.29 1008 2.404 (cm) 0.
Table 16: Transducer Model: ICTx/8-5 Operating Mode: PW Doppler TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information (MPa) (a) # Non-scan Scan Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions M.I. TIB X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) Non-scan TIC 1.2 (a) 16.
Table 17: Transducer Model L25x/13-6 Operating Mode: PW Doppler TIS Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 (MPa) Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) Non-scan TIC 1.6 (b) 14.02 # 0.6 # 0.155 # — — — # # # — — — 6.00 0.16 0.3 # # # # # # (cm) 0.
Table 18: Transducer Model: L38x/10-5 Operating Mode: CPD/Color TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information (MPa) 1.3 2.89 Non-scan Scan Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 1.0 — 64.88 — — W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions M.I.
Table 19: Transducer Model: L38x/10-5 Operating Mode: PW Doppler TIS Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information (MPa) 1.04 2.345 Non-scan Scan Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 — 2.0 — — 84.94 W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions M.I. X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) Non-scan TIC 2.6 (b) 84.94 # 1.
Table 20: Transducer Model: P10x/8-4 Operating Mode: 2D Mode TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information (MPa) (a) # Non-scan Scan Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 (a) — — # — W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions M.I.
Table 21: Transducer Model: P10x/8-4 Operating Mode: Color TIS Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information (MPa) 1.0 2.02 Non-scan Scan Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 (a) — — # — W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions M.I. X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) TIC — 1.3 — 41.38 — 2.4 — 3.
Table 22: Transducer Model: P10x/8-4 Operating Mode: PW Doppler TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information (MPa) 1.0 2.03 Non-scan Scan Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 — 1.2 — — 36.25 W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) Non-scan TIC 2.0 1.8 34.4 31.5 0.8 2.1 0.32 3.87 — — — 6.86 0.992 0.7 — — — 3.84 0.416 0.7 3.86 .224 0.7 deq@Pllmax X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) 1.
Table 23: Transducer Model: P10x/8-4 Operating Mode: CW Doppler TIS Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information (MPa) (a) # Non-scan Scan Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions M.I.
Table 24: Transducer Model: P21x/5-1 Operating Mode: 2D TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information (MPa) 1.4 1.92 Non-scan Scan Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 (a) — — # — W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) Non-scan TIC — 2.3 — 171.53 — 5.1 — 1.93 # # # — — — — — — — — — 1.94 1.9 1.3 deq@Pllmax X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) 0.842 (Hz) 4000 (MPa) 2.
Table 25: Transducer Model: P21x/5-1 Operating Mode: M Mode TIS Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information (MPa) 1.5 2.10 Non-scan Scan Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) 3.645 (cm) deq(zsp) fc (MHz) 1.93 Non-scan TIC 1.4 1.1 40.08 29.71 4.9 0.343 — — — # # # — — — 1.93 1.835 1.3 1.94 1.9 1.3 deq@Pllmax X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) 0.904 (Hz) 800 (MPa) 2.
Table 26: Transducer Model: P21x/5-1 Operating Mode: CPD/Color TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 (MPa) Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 1.3 — 136.91 — — (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) Non-scan TIC — 2.4 — 137.5 — 4.5 — 2.15 2.16 0.918 1.3 — — — — — — — — — 2.16 0.918 1.3 deq@Pllmax X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) 1.20 (Hz) 1063 (MPa) 2.574 (cm) Focal Length FLx (cm) 3.68 — — 3.
Table 27: Transducer Model: P21x/5-1 Operating Mode: PW Doppler TIS Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information Non-scan Scan Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 — — 1.3 — — W0 1.2 (MPa) 1.844 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) 120.13 z1 (cm) 3.1 zbp (cm) 2.66 zsp (cm) 3.718 (cm) deq(zsp) fc (MHz) 2.16 Non-scan TIC 4.0 2.7 95.55 95.55 0.6 0.49 — — — — — — 2.22 1.9 1.3 2.23 0.459 1.3 2.23 0.459 1.3 deq@Pllmax X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) 1.21 (Hz) 1562.
Table 28: Transducer Model: P21x/5-1 Operating Mode: CW Doppler TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information (MPa) (a) # Non-scan Scan Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 — — 1.0 — — W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) 102.54 z1 (cm) 1.386 zbp (cm) 1.71 zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions M.I.
Table 29: Transducer Model: SLAx/13-6 Operating Mode: PW Doppler Index Label M.I. Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) PD PRF pr@PIImax X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Non-scan TIC 1.2 (b) 8.75 # 0.65 # 0.13 # — — — # # # — — — 6.00 0.24 0.3 # # # # # # (cm) 0.
Table 30: Transducer Model: TEEx/8-3 Operating Mode: PW Doppler TIS Index Label Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information (MPa) (a) # Non-scan Scan Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions M.I. TIB X (cm) Y (cm) (μsec) (Hz) (MPa) Non-scan TIC 1.7 (b) 29.
Table 31: Transducer Model: TEEx/8-3 Operating Mode: CW Doppler TIS Associated Acoustic Parameter Global Maximum Index Value pr.3 Other Information (MPa) (a) # Non-scan Scan Aaprt≤1 Aaprt>1 — (a) — — # W0 (mW) min of [W.3(z1),ITA.3(z1)] (mW) — z1 (cm) — zbp (cm) — zsp (cm) deq(zsp) (cm) fc (MHz) Dim of Aaprt PD PRF pr@PIImax deq@Pllmax Focal Length IPA.3@MImax Operating Control Conditions M.I.
Terms used in the acoustic output tables Table 32: Acoustic Output Terms and Definitions 132 Term Definition ISPTA.3 Derated spatial peak, temporal average intensity in units of milliwatts/cm2. TI type Applicable thermal index for the transducer, imaging mode, and exam type. TI value Thermal index value for the transducer, imaging mode, and exam type. MI Mechanical index. Ipa.3@MImax Derated pulse average intensity at the maximum MI in units of W/cm2.
Table 32: Acoustic Output Terms and Definitions (Continued) Definition deq(z) Equivalent beam diameter as a function of axial distance z, and is equal to Safety Term ( 4 ⁄ ( π ) ) ( ( Wo ) ⁄ ( I TA ( z ) ) ) , where ITA(z) is the temporal-average intensity as a function of z in centimeters. fc Center frequency in MHz. Dim. of Aaprt Active aperture dimensions for the azimuthal (x) and elevational (y) planes in centimeters.
Table 33: Acoustic Measurement Precision and Uncertainty Precision (% of standard deviation) Uncertainty (95% confidence) Pr 1.9% +11.2% Pr.3 1.9% +12.2% Wo 3.4% +10% fc 0.1% +4.7% PII 3.2% +12.5 to -16.8% PII.3 3.2% +13.47 to -17.5% Quantity Labeling symbols The following symbols are used on the products, packaging, and containers.
Table 34: Labeling Symbols (Continued) Symbol Definition Canadian Standards Association. The “C” and “US” indicators next to this mark signify that the product has been evaluated to the applicable CSA and ANSI/UL Standards, for use in Canada and the US, respectively. REF Catalog number Collect separately from other household waste (see European Commission Directive 93/86/EEC). Refer to local regulations for disposal. STERILE EO Contents sterilized using ethylene oxide process.
Table 34: Labeling Symbols (Continued) Symbol Definition Do not stack over 10 high. Electrostatic sensitive devices Device complies with relevant FCC regulations for electronic devices. Fragile GEL STERILE R Gel sterilized by radiation. Hot Indoor use only Device emits a static (DC) magnetic field. Non-ionizing radiation Paper recycle SN Serial number type of control number Storage temperature conditions Submersible. Protected against the effects of temporary immersion. Water-Tight Equipment.
Table 34: Labeling Symbols (Continued) Symbol Definition Safety Handle transducer with care. Follow manufacturer’s instructions for disinfecting time. Disinfect transducer. Type BF patient applied part (B = body, F = floating applied part) Defibrillator proof type CF patient applied part Underwriter’s Laboratories labeling Pollution Control Logo. (Applies to all parts/products listed in the China RoHS disclosure table. May not appear on the exterior of some parts/products because of space limitations.
138
Chapter 7: References The 2D linear distance measurement results are displayed in centimeters with one place past the decimal point, if the measurement is ten or greater; two places past the decimal point, if the measurement is less than ten. The linear distance measurement components have the accuracy and range shown in the following tables.
Heart Rate < +/2% plus 1% of full scalec Acquisition Phantomd 0-26 cm 0.01-10 sec Acquisition Phantomd 5-923 < +/bpm 2% plus (Full Scalec * Heart Rate/1 00) % a. Full scale for distance implies the maximum depth of the image. b. An RMI 413a model phantom with 0.7 dB/cm MHz attenuation was used. c. Full scale for time implies the total time displayed on the scrolling graphic image. d. SonoSite special test equipment was used.
floating‐point versus integer‐type math, which is subject to errors introduced by rounding versus truncating results for display of a given level of significant digit in the calculation. Measurement publications and terminology Body Surface Area (BSA) in m2 Grossman, W. Cardiac Catheterization and Angiography. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, (1980), 90. BSA = 0.007184 * Weight0.425 * Height0.
Delta Pressure: Delta Time (dP:dT) in mmHg/s Otto, C.M. Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography. 2nd ed., W.B. Saunders Company, (2000), 117, 118. 32 mmHg/time interval in seconds E:A Ratio in cm/sec E:A = velocity E/velocity A E/Ea Ratio Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer’s Pocket Reference. 2nd ed., School of Cardiac Ultrasound, Arizona Heart Institute, (2000), 225. E Velocity/Ea velocity where: Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer’s Pocket Reference. 2nd ed.
LVDS = Left Ventricular Dimension at Systole LVEDV = (7.0 * LVDD3)/(2.4 + LVDD) where: LVEDV = Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume LVDD = Left Ventricular Dimension at Diastole Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 2nd Edition, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, (1999), 39. Schiller, N.B., P.M. Shah, M. Crawford, et.al. “Recommendations for Quantitation of the Left Ventricle by Two‐Dimensional Echocardiography.” Journal of American Society of Echocardiography.
Mitral Valve Area (MVA) in cm2 Pressure Half Time (PHT) in msec Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer’s Pocket Reference. 2nd ed., School of Cardiac Ultrasound, Arizona Heart Institute, (2000), 391, 452. Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer’s Pocket Reference. 2nd ed., School of Cardiac Ultrasound, Arizona Heart Institute, (2000), 391. MVA = 220/PHT PHT = DT * 0.
Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure (RVSP) in mmHg Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer’s Pocket Reference. School of Cardiac Ultrasound, Arizona Heart Institute, (1993), 152. RVSP = 4 * (Vmax TR)2 + RAP where: Stroke Volume (SV) 2D and M Mode in ml Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 2nd ed., Boston: Little, Brown and Company, (1994), 44. SV = (LVEDV – LVESV) where: RAP = Right Atrial Pressure Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer’s Pocket Reference. 2nd ed.
EDD = LMP date + 280 days Estimated Fetal Weight (EFW) Hadlock, F., et al. “Estimation of Fetal Weight with the Use of Head, Body, and Femur Measurements, A Prospective Study.” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 151:3 (February 1, 1985), 333‐337. Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer‐Verlag, (1986), 154. Osaka University. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. (July 20, 1990), 103‐105. Shepard M.J., V. A. Richards, R. L. Berkowitz, et al.
Biparietal Diameter (BPD) Chitty, L. S. and D.G. Altman. “New charts for ultrasound dating of pregnancy.” Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 10: (1997), 174‐179, Table 3. Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer‐Verlag, (1986), 440. Osaka University. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. (July 20, 1990), 98. Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer‐Verlag, (1986), 431. Osaka University.
Hadlock, F., et al. “Estimating Fetal Age: Computer‐Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters.” Radiology, 152: (1984), 497‐501. Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer‐Verlag, (1986), 431. Occipito-Frontal Diameter (OFD) Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer‐Verlag, (1986), 431. Transverse Trunk Diameter (TTD) Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Jeanty P, E. Cousaert, and F. Cantraine. “A Longitudinal Study of Fetal Limb Growth.” American Journal of Perinatology, 1: (January 1984), 136‐144, Table 5. (Also published in Hansmann, Hackeloer, Staudach, Wittman. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Springer‐Verlag, New York, (1986), 182, Table 7.17.) Chitty, Lyn S., et al. “Charts of Fetal Size: 2. Head Measurements.” British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 101: (January 1994), 43, Appendix: HC‐Derived. Hadlock, F., et al.
Hip Angle/d:D Ratio Percent Diameter Reduction Graf, R. “Fundamentals of Sonographic Diagnosis of Infant Hip Dysplasia.” Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics, Vol. 4, No. 6: 735‐740, 1984. Handa, Nobuo et al., “Echo‐Doppler Velocimeter in the Diagnosis of Hypertensive Patients: The Renal Artery Doppler Technique,” Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, 12:12 (1986), 945‐952. Morin, C., Harcke, H., MacEwen, G. “The Infant Hip: Real‐Time US Assessment of Acetabular Development.
RI = abs ((Velocity A – Velocity B)/Velocity A) in measurements where A = velocity cursor + B = velocity cursor x Time Averaged Mean (TAM) in cm/s TAM = mean (mean Trace) References Volume (Vol) Beyer, W.H. Standard Mathematical Tables, 28th ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, (1987), 131. Volume Flow (VF) in l/m Allan, Paul L. et al. Clinical Doppler Ultrasound, 4th ed., Harcourt Publishers Limited. (2000), 36‐38. VF = CSA * TAM * .
152 Measurement publications and terminology
Chapter 8: Specifications This chapter contains system and accessory specifications and standards. The specifications for recommended peripherals are in the manufacturers’ instructions. Dimensions System Imaging modes • 2D (256 gray shades) • Color power Doppler (CPD) (256 colors) • Color Doppler (Color) (256 colors) • M Mode • Pulsed wave (PW) Doppler • Continuous wave (CW) Doppler Width: 10.8 in. (27.43 cm) • Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) Height: 3.1 in. (7.
• Power supply • SiteLink Image Manager • SonoCalc IMT • System AC power cord (10 ft/3.1 m) • Triple Transducer Connect Peripherals See the manufacturer’s specifications for the following peripherals. Shipping and storage System and transducer ‐35–65°C (‐31–149°F), 15–95% R.H. 500 to 1060hPa (0.5 to 1.05 ATM) Battery ‐20–60°C (‐4–140°F), 15–95% R.H. (For storage longer than 30 days, store at or below room temperature.) 500 to 1060hPa (0.5 to 1.
EN 60601‐2‐37:2001 + Amendment A1:2005, European Norm, Particular requirements for the safety of ultrasonic medical diagnostic and monitoring equipment. CAN/CSA C22.2, No. 601.1‐M90, Canadian Standards Association, Medical Electrical Equipment–Part 1. General Requirements for Safety (including CSA 601.1 Supplement 1:1994 and CSA 601.1 Amendment 2:1998).
156 HIPAA standard
Glossary Terms For ultrasound terms not included in this glossary, refer to Recommended Ultrasound Terminology, Second Edition, published in 1997 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM). The guiding principle of ultrasound use, which states that you should keep patient exposure to ultrasound energy as low as reasonably achievable for diagnostic results. curved array transducer Identified by the letter C (curved or curvilinear) and a number (60).
158 skinline A depth on the display that corresponds to the skin/transducer interface. SonoHD A subset of the 2D imaging mode in which the 2D image is enhanced by reducing speckle noise artifact at tissue margins and improving contrast resolution by reducing artifacts and improving visualization of texture patterns within the image.
Abbreviations Abbreviations in User Interface Definition +/× “+” Caliper/”×” Caliper Ratio A “A” Wave Peak Velocity A PG “A” Wave Peak Pressure Gradient A2Cd Apical 2 Chamber diastolic A2Cs Apical 2 Chamber systolic A4Cd Apical 4 Chamber diastolic A4Cs Apical 4 Chamber systolic AAA Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm AAo Ascending Aorta Abd Abdomen abs Absolute value AC Abdominal Circumference ACA Anterior Cerebral Artery ACC Acceleration Index ACoA Anterior Communicating Artery ACS Ao
Abbreviations in User Interface (Continued) 160 Abbreviation Definition Ao Aorta AoD Aortic Root Diameter Apical Apical View APTD Anteroposterior Trunk Diameter AT Acceleration (Deceleration) Time AUA Average Ultrasound Age Calculated by averaging the individual ultrasound ages for the fetal biometry measurements performed during the exam. The measurements used to determine the AUA are based on the selected OB calculation authors.
Abbreviations in User Interface (Continued) Definition Cx L Cervix Length D Diameter D Apical Distance Apical DCCA Distal Common Carotid Artery DECA Distal External Carotid Artery DICA Distal Internal Carotid Artery Dist Distal dP:dT Delta Pressure: Delta Time E “E” Wave Peak Velocity E PG “E” Wave Peak Pressure Gradient E:A E:A Ratio E/e’ E velocity = Mitral Valve E velocity divided by the annular e’ velocity ECA External Carotid Artery ECG Electrocardiogram ECICA Extracranial
Abbreviations in User Interface (Continued) 162 Abbreviation Definition EFW Estimated Fetal Weight Calculated from the measurements performed during the exam. The measurements used to determine EFW are defined by the currently selected EFW calculation author. Endo Endocardial Epi Epicardial EPSS “E” Point Septal Separation Estab. DD Established Due Date A user-entered due date based on previous exam data or other available information.
Abbreviations in User Interface (Continued) Definition ICA Internal Carotid Artery IMT Intima Media Thickness IVRT Iso Volumic Relaxation Time IVS Interventricular Septum IVSd Interventricular Septum Diastolic IVSFT Interventricular Septum Fractional Thickening IVSs Interventricular Septum Systolic LA Left Atrium LA/Ao Left Atrium/Aorta Ratio LAT F Lateral Far LAT N Lateral Near LMP Last Menstrual Period LMP Last Menstrual Period The first day of the last menstrual period.
Abbreviations in User Interface (Continued) 164 Abbreviation Definition LVEDV Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume LVESV Left Ventricular End Systolic Volume LVET Left Ventricular Ejection Time LVO Left Ventricular Opacification LVOT Left Ventricular Outflow Tract LVOT Area Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Area LVOT D Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Diameter LVOT VTI Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Velocity Time Integral LVPW Left Ventricular Posterior Wall LVPWd Left Ventricular Posteri
Abbreviations in User Interface (Continued) Definition MV Area Mitral Valve Area MV Regurgitant Fraction Mitral Valve Regurgitant Fraction MV Regurgitant Volume Mitral Valve Regurgitant Volume MV/VTI Mitral Valve/Velocity Time Integral MVA Mitral Valve Area MV ERO Mitral Valve Effective Regurgitant Orifice MV PISA Area Mitral Valve Proximal Iso Velocity Surface Area MV Rate Mitral Valve Rate Neo Neonatal Nrv Nerve NST Non-stress test NTSC National Television Standards Committee OA
Abbreviations in User Interface (Continued) 166 Abbreviation Definition PHT Pressure Half Time PI Pulsatility Index PICA Proximal Internal Carotid Artery PISA Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area Plaq Plaque POST F Posterior Far POST N Posterior Near PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency Prox Proximal PSV Peak Systolic Velocity PV Pulmonic Valve P.
Abbreviations in User Interface (Continued) Definition S SonoHD S/D Systolic/Diastolic Ratio SI Stroke Index Siphon Siphon (internal carotid artery) SM Submandibular SmP Small Parts SO Suboccipital Sup Superficial SV Stroke Volume TAM Time Average Mean TAP Time Average Peak TCD Transcranial Doppler TDI Tissue Doppler Imaging THI Tissue Harmonic Imaging TI Thermal Index TICA Terminal Internal Carotid Artery TO Transorbital TRmax Tricuspid Regurgitation (peak velocity) TT
Abbreviations in User Interface (Continued) 168 Abbreviation Definition VA Vertebral Artery VArty Vertebral Artery Vas Vascular Ven Venous VF Volume Flow Vmax Peak Velocity Vmean Mean Velocity Vol Volume VTI Velocity Time Integral YS Yolk Sac
Index Symbols +/x measurement 44 Numerics 2D imaging 25 2D options 25 A B bar code scanner 19 baseline 29 battery clean 75 safety 90 C cables clean and disinfect ECG 76 connect power 3 calculations cardiac.
LVd 53 LVOT D 53 LVs 53 MV/AV area 54 overview 50 PHT 55 PISA 51 RVSP 55 setup 19 SV 57 TDI 58 VTI 54 cardiac index (CI) 57 cardiac output (CO) 57 cardiac references 141 cardiac, intended uses 12 cautions, definition vii cine buffer 5, 30 clean battery 75 ECG cable 76 footswitch 75 LCD screen 73 system 73 transducers 74 clip acquisition delay 39 clips See also images and clips options 26, 35 color Doppler (Color) imaging 27 color power Doppler (CPD) imaging 27 color scheme, background 23 color suppress 27 C
type and transducer 31 export and import OB calculation tables 21 predefined label groups 18 user accounts 17 F far 5 fetal heart rate (FHR) 63 flow sensitivity 27 focal zones, optimize 25 footswitch setup 15 forms 6 freeze 30 G gain adjust 30 ECG 39 knob 5 gate size 29 gestational age setup 21 tables, references 146 gestational growth, measure 63 grace period 71 grayscale 25 growth analysis setup 21 tables, references 148 guidance documents, related 104 guideline 26 gynecology, intended uses 12 heart ra
M M Mode imaging 26 maintenance 72 measurements +/x Ratio, Doppler 44 See also calculations 2D 42 about 41 Acceleration, Doppler 44 accuracy 41, 139 area, 2D 42 automatic trace, Doppler 44 circumference, 2D 42 delete 41 distance, 2D 42 distance, M Mode 43 Doppler 43 edit 41 Elapsed Time, Doppler 44 errors 140 fetal heart rate 63 heart rate 43, 63 M Mode 43 manual trace 42, 44 Pressure Gradient, Doppler 43 publications 141 Resistive Index, Doppler 44 save to calculation and report 41 terminology 141 vascular
PW Doppler.
U ultrasound terminology 157 unfreeze text 18 USB storage device, export to 38 user account 17 user guide, conventions used vii user setup 16 uses, intended 11–13 V variance 28 vascular calculations 67 intended uses 13 velocity measurement 44 velocity time integral (VTI) 54 volume calculation 48 Doppler, adjust 29 volume flow 48 W wall filter 28, 29 warnings, definition vii worksheets, EMED 70 Z zoom 30 174 Index
P07662-02 *P07662-02*
