MODEL EL-738F FINANCIAL CALCULATOR OPERATION MANUAL Contents Page Introduction ..................... 3 Getting Started ................ 5 General Information ........ 11 Financial Functions ......... 17 Scientific Functions ........ 60 Statistical Functions ....... 64 Appendix .......................... 72 Index .................................
NOTICE • SHARP makes no guarantee that this product or this manual is suitable or accurate for any purpose, commercial or otherwise. • Rules and practices in financial calculation vary according to country, locality, or financial institution. It is the consumer’s responsibility to determine whether or not the results produced by this product conform to applicable rules and regulations.
Contents Introduction..................................................................3 Operational Notes ...............................................................3 Key Notations in This Manual ..............................................4 Chapter 1: Getting Started ..........................................5 Preparing to Use the Calculator ..........................................5 Resetting the Calculator In Case of Difficulty ......................5 Calculator and Display Layout...............
Introduction Thank you for purchasing a SHARP Financial Calculator. After reading this manual, store it in a convenient location for future reference. • Display of examples shown in this manual may not look exactly the same as what is seen on the product. For instance, screen examples will show only the symbols necessary for explanation of each particular calculation. • All company and/or product names are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Key Notations in This Manual Key operations are described in this manual as follows: To specify log To specify 1 To specify Σxy : . h ..................... 1 : 1 or 1 ....................... 2 : i V ..................... 3 To specify CLR-D: To specify ENT : To specify Z : To specify DATA : . ? ..................... 1 Q i Z ..................... 3 J .............................. 4 1 Functions that are printed in orange above the key require . to be pressed first before the key.
Chapter 1 Getting Started Preparing to Use the Calculator Before using your calculator for the first time, you must reset (initialize) it. Resetting the calculator Press the RESET switch located on the back of the calculator with the tip of a ball-point pen or similar object. Do not use an object with a breakable or sharp tip. • After resetting the calculator, the initial display of the NORMAL mode appears.
Calculator and Display Layout Calculator layout 1 Display screen 2 Power ON/OFF and Clear key 3 Key operation keys 5 Cursor keys 4 SET UP key 6 MODE key 1 Display screen: The calculator display consists of a 12-character dot matrix character line and a 12-digit 7-segment character line (10-digit mantissa and 2-digit exponent). 2 Power ON/OFF and Clear key: Turns the calculator ON. This key also clears the display. To turn off the calculator, press ., then c. 3 Key operation keys: .
Display layout Symbol Equation/ variable name display Mantissa Exponent • During actual use, not all symbols are displayed at the same time. • Only the symbols required for the operation being explained are shown in the screen examples of this manual. : Appears when the entire equation cannot be displayed. Press g / y to see the remaining (hidden) part. c /d : Indicates that variables or data are present above/below the screen. Press z / i to scroll up/down. 2ndF : Appears when .
DEG / RAD / GRAD : Indicates which angular units are in use. It can be changed in the SET UP menu. : Appears when statistics mode is selected. M : Indicates that a numerical value is stored in the independent memory (M). : Indicates that the value of the displayed variable has not been calculated yet (for variables that can be calculated). The SET UP Menu Press ~ to display the SET UP menu.
Selecting the floating point number system in scientific notation The calculator has two settings for displaying a floating point number: FLO_A (FLOAT A) and FLO_B (FLOAT B). In each display setting, a number is automatically displayed in scientific notation outside the following preset ranges: • FLO_A ~ 0 2: 0.000000001 ≤ | X | ≤ 9,999,999,999 • FLO_B ~ 0 3: 0.
Selecting the date format (see page 44) • US (Month-Day-Year): ~ 3 0 (default setting) • EU (Day-Month-Year): ~ 3 1 Operating Modes This calculator has two operating modes, which can be selected using the MODE key. Selecting a mode 1. Press m. NORMAL 0 The menu display appears. 2. Press 0 or = to select NORMAL mode. StAt 1 000 • Press 1 or y = to select STAT mode.
Chapter 2 General Information Basic Calculations Entering numbers and arithmetic operations • Use the number keys 0 to 9, decimal point key ., and sign change key , to enter numbers into the calculator. To clear the display or entry, press s. • Use the S key to enter a value in scientific notation. • Use the arithmetic keys + - x 8 to perform the standard arithmetic calculations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Press = to perform each calculation.
Operation Listed Cash Entry A-H, TVM financial *3 flow (display) M, X-Z ANS variables*1 variables *4 data STAT *7 s .b m (Mode selection) . k 0 (MEM) × × × × × × × *2 × × *5 × × *6 × *8 . k 1 (RESET) RESET switch : Cleared or restored to the default setting × : Retained *1 *2 N, I/Y, PV, PMT, and FV (P/Y and C/Y are not included.
Memory clear key Press . k to display the menu. MEM RESEt 0 1 • To clear all (A-H, M, X-Z, ANS, TVM variables, listed financial variables, cash flow data, and STAT), press 0 0 or 0 =. • To RESET the calculator, press 1 0 or 1 =. The RESET operation erases all data stored in memory, and restore the calculator’s default settings. Editing and Correcting an Entry Cursor keys • In a menu, such as the SET UP menu, use g or y to select a number (the selected number will blink), then press =.
Changing “15 ÷ 3 =” into “25 ÷ 13 =” Procedure Key operation Display s 15 8 3 = 15 ÷ 3 = 15©3= Enter the playback y function. 15©3 Switch to overwrite . d mode. 15©3 Change “15” to “25” 2 y y and move the cursor to “3”. 25©3 Change to insert mode. .d 25©3 Change “3” to “13” and calculate. 1= 25©13= 500 192 Errors An error will occur if an operation exceeds the calculation ranges, or if a mathematically illegal operation is attempted.
*1 *2 *3 N, I/Y, PV, PMT, FV All financial variables, except for TVM variables x, sx, σx, n, Σx, Σx2, y, sy, σy, Σy, Σy2, Σxy, r, a, b, c Temporary memories (A-H, X-Z) Press g and the variable key to store a value in memory. Press f and the variable key to recall a value from the memory. To place a variable in an equation, press i and the variable key. Independent memory (M) In addition to all the other features of temporary memories, a value can be added to or subtracted from an existing memory value.
of calculation (for example, both bond calculations and the TVM solver use the variable I/Y), you can retrieve the value simply by switching calculation types and bringing up the variable. Statistical variables Statistical data is not entered into variables. Statistical variables are the results of the calculation of statistical data. Therefore, you cannot enter values directly into statistical variables.
Chapter 3 Financial Functions General Information Financial calculations The following financial functions are available. Use NORMAL mode to perform financial calculations. TVM (Time Value of Money) solver: Analyze equal and regular cash flows. These include calculations for mortgages, loans, leases, savings, annuities and contracts or investments with regular payments. Amortization calculations: Calculate and create amortization schedules using values stored in the TVM solver.
Variables used in financial calculations Financial calculations use multiple variables. By entering known values into variables, you can obtain unknown values. Variables used in financial calculations are categorized into the following two types, depending on the entry method. TVM variables: Variables that are used in the TVM solver. These include N, I/Y, PV, PMT and FV. You can store, recall or calculate values directly using the corresponding keys.
Basic variable operations TVM variables (N, I/Y, PV, PMT, FV) A. Entering a value Enter a value and then press the corresponding TVM variable key. Note: You can also enter values into variables using arithmetic operations. Ex. 100 x 12 u B. Displaying a value Press f and the corresponding TVM variable key. C. Executing calculation Press @ and the corresponding TVM variable key. Listed financial variables A. Entering a value 1.
The ENT and COMP symbols Listed financial variables are categorized by whether they are known or unknown. When the variable is selected (displayed), the “ENT” and/or “COMP” symbols will appear to indicate that the current variable may be entered (known variable) and/or calculated (unknown variable), respectively. For details, refer to the explanations or examples for each financial function.
Compound interest This calculator assumes interest is compounded periodically in financial calculations (compound interest). Compound interest accumulates at a predefined rate on a periodic basis. For example, money deposited in a passbook saving account at a bank accumulates a certain amount of interest each month, increasing the account balance. The amount of interest received each month depends on the balance of the account during that month, including interest added in previous months.
TVM (Time Value of Money) Solver Analyze equal and regular cash flows. These include calculations for mortgages, loans, leases, savings, annuities, and contracts or investments with regular payments. Note: Discounted cash flow analysis can be done using unequal cash flows (see page 37). An amortization schedule can be calculated using the information stored in the TVM solver (see page 33).
3. Enter values into TVM solver variables. • Enter a value and press the appropriate TVM variable key , u, t). (N, f, • Press . w and then enter a value for P/Y. The same value is automatically assigned to C/Y as well. Values entered into P/Y or C/Y must be positive. After entering values, press s to quit the P/Y and C/Y settings. • After setting P/Y (number of payments per year), you can use . < to enter N (total number of payments). Enter the number of years and press . <.
Procedure Set all the variables to default values. Key operation Display .b 000 Make sure ordinary annuity is set (BGN is not displayed). Set the number of payments per year to 12. . w 12 Q P/Y= 1200 The number of compounding periods per year is automatically set to the same value as P/Y. Confirm the number of compounding periods per year. i Quit the P/Y and C/Y settings. s C/Y= 1200 000 Calculate the total num- 20 . < N ber of payments and store in N. ANS~N Enter the present value.
2 Calculating basic loan payments Calculate the quarterly payment for a $56,000 mortgage loan at 6.5% compounded quarterly during its 20-year amortization period. PV = $56,000 I/Y = 6.5% FV = 0 ...... PMT = ? N = 4 × 20 years = 80 Procedure Set all the variables to default values. Key operation Display .b 000 Make sure ordinary annuity is set (BGN is not displayed). Set the number of payments per year to 4. .w4Q Confirm the number of i compounding periods per year.
3 Calculating future value You will pay $200 at the end of each month for the next three years into a savings plan that earns 6.5% compounded quarterly. What amount will you have at the end of period if you continue with the plan? FV = ? I/Y = 6.5% (quarterly) PV = 0 ...... PMT = –$200 PMT = –$200 N = 12 × 3 years = 36 Procedure Set all the variables to default values. Key operation Display .b 000 Make sure ordinary annuity is set (BGN is not displayed). Set the number of payments per year to 12.
4 Calculating present value You open an account that earns 5% compounded annually. If you wish to have $10,000 twenty years from now, what amount of money should you deposit now? FV = $10,000 N = 20 years PV = ? Procedure Set all the variables to default values. I/Y = 5% Key operation Display .b 000 Make sure ordinary annuity is set (BGN is not displayed). Set the number of payments per year to 1. .w1Q P/Y= 100 The number of compounding periods per year is automatically set to 1.
Specifying payments due (. ") This calculator can select ordinary annuity or annuity due depending on the regular cash flow (payment) conditions. Ordinary annuity (END): This is the default setting for financial calculations. BGN is not displayed. A regular cash flow (payment) is received at end of each payment period. Often applied to loan calculations, etc. Annuity due (BGN): BGN appears on the display. A regular cash flow (payment) is received at the beginning of each payment period.
Procedure Key operation Display Enter the total number of payments. s 18 N 18~N Enter the future value. 300000 t 3—————~FV Set the present value to 0 zero. 1800 30000000 —~PV 000 Enter the annual interest rate. 3.6 f 3.6~I/Y Calculate payment. @u PMT= 360 -1624570 Answer: The monthly investment should be $16,245.70. 2 Calculating lease payments (Annuity due) You plan to purchase a new car with a value of $87,918 on a 60-month lease. If the annual interest rate is 6.
Procedure Key operation Display The number of compounding periods per year is automatically set to 12. Press s to exit the P/Y and C/Y settings. Enter the total number of payments. s 60 N 6—~N Enter the future value. , 17500 t (-175——)~FV Enter the present value. 87918 6000 -1750000 87918~PV 8791800 Enter the annual interest rate. 6.75 f 6.75~I/Y Calculate payment. @u PMt= 675 -147620 Answer: You should pay $1,476.20 each month.
Procedure Key operation Set all the variables to default values. .b Set to annuity due (BGN is displayed). ." Set the number of payments per year to 12. . w 12 Q Display 000 000 P/Y= 1200 The number of compounding periods per year is automatically set to 12. Press s to exit the P/Y and C/Y settings. Enter the total number of payments. s 34 N 34~N Enter payment. , 200 u (-2——)~PMt Enter the annual interest rate. 18 f 18~I/Y Enter the future value.
Procedure Set all the variables to default values. Key operation Display .b 000 Make sure ordinary annuity is set (BGN is not displayed). Set the number of payments per year to 12. . w 12 Q P/Y= 1200 The number of compounding periods per year is automatically set to 12. Press s to exit the P/Y and C/Y settings. Enter the total number of payments. s 25 . < N ANS~N Enter payment. , 900 u (-9——)~PMT Enter the annual interest rate. 5.5 f 5.5~I/Y Set the future value to zero.
Amortization Calculations Calculate and create amortization schedules using values stored in the TVM solver. Note: Prior to using amortization, you need to enter values into TVM variables.
8. Press i to calculate the next period of the amortization schedule. 9. Repeat steps 5 to 7 above. • If you press @ during “AMRT P1” and “AMRT P2” entry, the values for the next period of payment will be automatically calculated and displayed. • To end amortization calculations, press s. Pressing s during entry will clear the value entered. 1 Calculating mortgage payments and generating an amortization schedule 1. Calculate the monthly payment of a 20-year loan with a loan amount of $90,000 and a 5.
Procedure Key operation Display Display the principal paid. i ÍPRINCIPAL= Display the interest paid. i ÍINTEREST= -104852 -203428 3. Calculate the amortization schedule for the second year. Procedure Key operation Change amortization i6Q schedule to the second year and enter 6 (January) for the starting payment. Enter 17 (December) i 17 Q for the ending payment. Display AMRT P1= 600 AMRT P2= 1700 Display the remaining balance. i BALANCE= Display the principal paid.
2 Calculating payments, interest, and loan balance after a specified payment You have taken out a 30-year loan for $500,000, with an annual interest rate of 8.5%. If, after the 48th period, you want a balloon payment due, what amount of monthly payment must you make with monthly compounding and how much will the balloon payment be? Procedure Set all the variables to default values. Key operation Display s.b 000 Make sure ordinary annuity is set (BGN is not displayed).
Discounted Cash Flow Analysis Analyze unequal cash flows and calculate the net present value (NPV) and the internal rate of return (IRR). Note: Use the TVM solver for equal and regular cash flow analysis (see page 22). Entering cash flow data To find NPV and IRR using discounted cash flow analysis, enter cash flow data, one data item at a time, in the following format: Single cash flows Cash flow value J Repeated cash flows Cash flow value > frequency value J Notes: • Before entering data, press > .
Procedure Key operation Display Bring up the initial dis- s *1 play in NORMAL mode. Enter cash flow data. *1 *2 000 , 25000 J DATA SET:CF 000* 7000 J DATA SET:CF 9000 J DATA SET:CF 5000 > 2 J DATA SET:CF 8000 J DATA SET:CF 2 100 200 300 400 If there is cash flow data stored, press > . b to clear it. The format of the data set (cash flow and frequency values) number, which is initially set to “0.00,” is dependent on calculator display notation settings.
• Press . z or . i to jump to the first or the last data item, respectively. • Each data item is displayed in the form CF Dn= (cash flow value) or CF Nn= (frequency), where n indicates the data set number. Editing data • Display the data item you wish to modify by using z/i, enter a new value and press J. • If a frequency value is set to zero, then the associated data set is deleted. Deleting data • Display the data item to be deleted by using z/i, and press . ?.
Procedure Key operation Change the first cash , 30000 J flow value from –25,000 to –30,000. Display CF D—= -3000000 Change the frequency of 5000 from 2 to 1. iiii CF N3= iii1J Add a new data set (6000) immediately before 5000. . e 6000 J 100 CF D3= 600000 To confirm the corrections, press . z to jump to the first data item and press i to browse through each data item.
2. Enter cash flow data. • Refer to page 37 for instructions on entering cash flow data. 3. Press . < to begin discounted cash flow analysis. • If a previously entered cash flow value is displayed, press s to exit and then press . <. 4. To find NPV or IRR, do the following: To obtain NPV: Enter the interest rate (discounted rate) into RATE(I/Y) and press Q. Move to NET_PV and calculate by pressing i and @. To obtain IRR: Press @ to calculate IRR (RATE(I/Y)).
Procedure Enter cash flow data. Key operation DATA SET:CF 3000 J DATA SET:CF 5000 > 3 J DATA SET:CF 4000 J DATA SET:CF Return to the initial dis- s play in NORMAL mode. *1 Display , 12000 J 000 100 200 300 000 If there is cash flow data stored, press > . b to clear it. 2. Calculate IRR. Procedure Key operation Select discounted cash . < . b flow analysis, and set all the variables to default values. Calculate IRR (RATE (I/Y)).
$80,000 $80,000 $80,000 $80,000 $80,000 –$20,000 –$50,000 –$50,000 –$50,000 –$100,000 1. Enter the cash flow data. Procedure Key operation Display Bring up the initial dis- s *1 play in NORMAL mode. Enter cash flow data. 000 , 50000 > 2 J DATA SET:CF , 150000 J DATA SET:CF 80000 > 4 J DATA SET:CF 60000 J DATA SET:CF 000 100 200 300 Return to the initial dis- s play in NORMAL mode. *1 000 If there is cash flow data stored, press > . b to clear it. 2. Calculate NPV.
Bond Calculations Using bond calculations, you can obtain bond prices, yields to maturity, and accrued interest.
Basic operations Refer to page 19 for basic variable operations. 1. Press s to clear the display. • Make sure the calculator is in NORMAL mode. 2. Select bond calculations by pressing #. • To end bond calculations, press s. • If you press s during entry, any entered values will be cleared. COUPON(PMt)= 000 3. Change the day-count setting, if necessary, by pressing . &. 4. Enter the coupon rate (%) into COUPON (PMT) by entering the value and pressing Q. 5.
Calculating bond price and accrued interest A $100, 20-year, 6.5% coupon bond is issued to mature on August 15, 2023. It was sold on November 3, 2006 to yield the purchaser 7.2% compounded semiannually until maturity. At what price did the bond sell? Also calculate the accrued coupon interest. Procedure Key operation Display Bring up the initial dis- s play in NORMAL mode. Select bond calculations. 000 COUPON(PMT)= # 000 Make sure the actual calendar is set (360 is not displayed).
Procedure Key operation Change the bond price to $92.50. #iii i i i 92.5 Q Display PRICE(PV)= Calculate the yield. z@ YIELD(I/Y)= 9250 728 Answer: The yield will be 7.28%. Entering dates Refer to the following notes for date entry. • Enter using US date format (MM-DD-YYYY) or EU date format (DD-MM-YYYY). Refer to the previous example and the following explanation. Month entry Enter two digits. From 2 to 9, the preceding zero may be omitted. Day entry Enter two digits.
Depreciation Calculations Using depreciation calculations, you can obtain depreciation base values using three types of calculation methods: the straight-line method, the sum-of-the-years’ digits method, and the declining balance method.
2. Select the depreciation method (see page 48). 3. Select depreciation calculations by pressing O. SL • When using the declining balance method, DB (I/Y) appears. Enter the number and press Q. • To end depreciation calculations, press s. If you press s during entry, any entered values will be cleared. ---------- 4. Enter the number of years of depreciation into LIFE (N) by pressing i, entering the value, and pressing Q.
Calculating straight-line depreciation In April, your company begins depreciation of a commercial building with a 30-year life and no salvage value. The building costs $1,500,000. Calculate the depreciation amount, remaining book value and remaining depreciable value for the third year using the straight-line depreciation method. Procedure Key operation Display Bring up the initial display in NORMAL mode, and select the straight-line depreciation method. s~20 Select depreciation calculations.
Conversion between APR and EFF Interest rates can be converted between APR (annual, or nominal percentage rate) and EFF (effective interest rate). • The APR is an investment’s annual rate of interest when compounding happens only once a year. The interest rate printed on a bond is an example of an APR. • The EFF is an investment’s annual rate of interest when compounding happens more often than once a year. It reflects the actual amount of return for a given nominal rate.
Day and Date Calculations Using day and date calculations, you can find dates and the numbers of days between dates. Variables used in day and date calculations Variable Description Default value M-D-Y 1 *1 The first date 1-1-2001 M-D-Y 2 *1 The last date 1-1-2001 DAYS Number of days *1 0 You can change the date format to D-M-Y (see page 10).
1 Calculating number of days Calculate the number of days between December 25, 2008 and August 10, 2009 (using US date format and the actual calendar). Procedure Key operation Display Bring up the initial dis- s play in NORMAL mode. 000 Select day and date K.b calculations, and set all the variables to default values. M-D-Y 1=[MO] 1- 1-2001 Make sure the actual calendar is set (360 is not displayed). Enter the first date. 12252008 Q M-D-Y 1=[TH] Enter the last date.
Procedure Key operation Move to the last date and calculate. z@ Display M-D-Y 2=[MO] 2-21-2011 Answer: The last date is February 21, 2011. Percent Change/Compound Interest Calculations Using percent change/compound interest calculations, you can determine the values of percentage rates of change (increase or decrease) or interest rates compounding periodically.
1 Calculating percent change Sales in a company were $75,000 during the first year of operation. The second year’s sales were $116,000. What percentage greater were the second year’s sales than first year’s sales? In this calculation, the number of compound periods is set to 1 (default). Procedure Key operation Display Bring up the initial dis- s play in NORMAL mode. 000 Select percent change/ . B . b compound interest calculations, and set all the variables to default values.
Procedure Key operation Enter the new value. i 9800 Q Set the number of com- i i 18 Q pound periods to 18. Calculate the compound interest rate. z@ Display NEW PRC(FV)= 980000 PERIODS(N)= 1800 %(I/Y)= 113 Answer: The compound interest rate is 1.13%. Cost/Sell/Margin/Markup Calculations Using cost/sell/margin/markup calculations, you can determine costs, selling prices, margins and markup.
3. Enter the values of any two known variables as follows: Unknown variable Known variables SELL, and MARGIN or MARK UP *1 COST SELL COST, and MARGIN or MARK UP *1 MARGIN COST and SELL MARK UP COST and SELL *1 Because only either MARGIN or MARK UP is used in any cost/sell/margin/markup calculation, the unused variable is given a value of “----------”. Initially, MARK UP is set to “---------”. If you enter a value for MARK UP, MARGIN is set to “---------”, and vice versa. 4.
Breakeven Calculations Using breakeven calculations, you can calculate fixed cost, variable cost per unit, unit price, profit and quantity. Variables used in breakeven calculations Variable Description Default value FIXED Fixed cost VARIABLE Variable cost per unit 0 0 PRICE Unit price 0 PROFIT Profit 0 QUANTITY Quantity 0 Basic operations Refer to page 19 for basic variable operations. 1. Press s to clear the display. • Make sure the calculator is in NORMAL mode. 2.
Procedure Key operation Select breakeven $.b calculations, and set all the variables to default values. Display FIXED= 000 Enter fixed cost. 15000 Q FIXED= Enter variable cost per unit. i 75.80 Q VARIABLE= Enter unit price. i 120 Q PRICE= Leave profit as is. i PROFIT= Calculate quantity. i@ QUANTITY= 1500000 7580 12000 000 33937 Answer: The breakeven point of this product is 339.37 units.
Chapter 4 Scientific Functions This calculator has a variety of functions. Press m 0 to select NORMAL mode and perform scientific calculations. • For basic calculations, see page 11. • When a listed financial variable is displayed, you can enter the result of a scientific calculation into it by pressing Q immediately after completing the calculation. • Scientific calculations can also be performed in STAT mode. • The examples in this chapter are all performed under the SET UP menu’s default settings.
Scientific Calculations Example Key operation Display s . { 60 = sin60= ~11. c(. 84 ) = cos(π©4)= tan–1 1 [g] = ~12. 71 = tan-|1= tan–1 1 [°] = ~10. 71 = tan-|1= sin 60 [°] = π cos — [rad] = 4 087 071 5000 4500 • The range of the results of inverse trigonometric functions –1 –1 θ = sin x, θ = tan x –1 θ = cos x DEG –90 ≤ θ ≤ 90 0 ≤ θ ≤ 180 RAD π π –—≤θ≤— 2 2 0≤θ≤π –100 ≤ θ ≤ 100 0 ≤ θ ≤ 200 GRAD Example Key operation (cosh 1.5 + sinh 1.5)2 = s ( . ] c1.5 + . ] {1.5 ) .
Example 4! = 10 5 P3 = C2 = What is 25% of 500? Key operation 4.o= 10 . q 3 = 5.p2= 500 x 25 . % 120 8 400 . % What percentage of 400 is 120? Result 2400 72000 1000 12500 3000 500 + (500 × 25%) = 500 + 25 . % 62500 400 – (400 × 30%) = 400 - 30 . % 28000 Random Functions This calculator has four kinds of random functions (the 2nd function of the - key). Random numbers A pseudo-random number, consisting of three significant digits from zero up to 0.999, can be generated by pressing . | 0 =.
Random integer An integer between 0 and 99 can be generated randomly by pressing . | 3 =. To generate further random numbers in succession, press = for each number. Press s to exit. Example Key operation Pick a random number s . | 0 between zero and 9.99. x 10 = Display RANDOMx1—= 532 • The result will not be the same each time this operation is performed. Modify Function Calculation results are internally obtained in scientific notation with a mantissa of up to 14 digits.
Chapter 5 Statistical Functions Statistical calculations can be performed in STAT mode. The symbol will be visible if you are in STAT mode.
• You can enter a total of up to 100 statistical and/or cash flow data items. For single-variable data, a data set without a frequency is counted as one data item, and a data set with an assigned frequency is counted as two data items. For twovariable data, a data set without a frequency is counted as two data items, while a data set with an assigned frequency is counted as three data items. • If you wish to correct a value before pressing J, press L or s to delete the entry, then enter the correct value.
Confirming and editing data • Use z / i to display a data item from a previously entered data set. Data set number X1= 1000 x value Data set number Y1= 2000 y value Data set number FRQ1= 1100 Frequency • Press . z or . i to jump to the first or last data item, respectively. • Each data item is displayed in the form: “Xn = (x value)”, “Yn = (y value)”, or “FRQn = (frequency)”, where “n” is the data set number.
Editing statistical data Change the previously entered data from page 65 as follows: DATA 30 40 40 50 Procedure Display the statistical data. DATA 30 45 45 45 60 Key operation Display X1= i Change the “40, 2” data i i 45 J set to “45, 3”. i3J FRQ2= 3000 300 Delete “50”. i.? Stat — Add “60”.
The estimate of y for a given x (estimate y´) and the estimate of x for a given y (estimate x´) can also be found. When there are two x values, the COMP symbol will appear. Press @ to switch between x values. Exponential regression, logarithmic regression, power regression, and inverse regression calculations Section 1 and 2 results, except for coefficients c. The estimate of y for a given x (estimate y´) and the estimate of x for a given y (estimate x´) can also be found.
1 Single-variable statistical calculation Example Key operation m10. b DATA Result S a — 000 95 95 J DATA SET=100 80 80 J DATA SET=200 80 J DATA SET=300 75 75 75 75 > 3 J DATA SET=400 50 50 J DATA SET=500 x= f= –x = 7571 σx = f2 σ≈= 1237 n= fn n= Σx = fU Í≈= 2 Σx = f[ Í≈Œ= sx = f4 Sx= .
2 Linear regression calculation Example DATA x y Key operation m11 Result S a 1 000 2 5 2>5J DATA SET=100 2 5 J DATA SET=200 12 24 12 > 24 J DATA SET=300 21 21 21 40 40 40 21 > 40 > 3 J DATA SET=400 15 25 15 > 25 J DATA SET=500 a= fa a= b= fb b= r= fr r= sx = f4 Sx= sy = f5 Sy= 3.? 3y´ 46x´ x=3 y´ = ? y = 46 x´ = ? 46 .
3 Quadratic regression calculation Example DATA x Key operation m12 Result S a ≈¡= ≈™= -343 ≈¡= 963 41 12 > 41 J DATA 8 13 8 > 13 J DATA 5 2 5>2J DATA 23 200 23 > 200 J DATA 15 71 15 > 71 J DATA 12 a= fa a= b= fb b= c= fa c= x = 10 y´ = ? 10 . ? y = 22 x´ = ? 22 .
Appendix Financial Calculation Formulas TVM solver PMT, PV, FV, N If PMT ≠ 0 or N ≠ 1 then find i using the following equations: Error + Error i≤ –1 Amortization calculations Calculations (for PV, PMT, and i, see the TVM solver) END INT(1) = ROUND(–PV × i) BGN INT(1) = 0 PRN(1) = –INT(1) + ROUND(PMT) BAL(1) = PRN(1) + PV INT(m) = ROUND(–BAL(m – 1) × i) PRN(m) = –INT(m) + ROUND(PMT) BAL(m) = PRN(m) + BAL(m – 1) ROUND(NUM): If a display notation tab setting has been chosen, NUM is rounded and truncated to th
Bond calculations In its bond calculations, this calculator conforms to rules set up by the book titled Standard Securities Calculation Methods, by Jan Mayle, Securities Industry Association, 1993. Bond calculation is based on the following rules: 1. Whenever the redemption date happens to be the last day of a month, coupons are also paid on the last days of months. For example, if coupon payments are semi-annual and the redemption date is September 30, coupon payments occur on March 31 and September 30. 2.
Depreciation calculations ROUND(NUM): If a display notation tab setting has been chosen, NUM is rounded and truncated to the specified number of places after the decimal point. In the following equations, M01 = START MONTH, LIF = LIFE(N), CST = COST(PV), SAL = SALVAGE(FV), and DB = DB(I/Y).
30/360 Statistical Calculation Formulas 1. Adjust D1 and D2 according to the following rules: Type (1) If D2 and D1 are both the last day of February, change D2 to 30. Regression formula Linear y = a + bx (2) If D1 is the last day of February, change D1 to 30. Quadratic y = a + bx + cx2 (3) If D2 is 31 and D1 is 30 or 31, change D2 to 30. Exponential y = a • ebx Logarithmic y = a + b • Inx Power y = a • xb Inverse 1 y=a+b x (4) If D1 is 31, change D1 to 30. 2.
Errors and Calculation Ranges Errors An error will occur if an operation exceeds the calculation ranges, or if a mathematically illegal operation is attempted. When an error occurs, pressing g or y automatically moves the cursor back to the place in the equation where the error occurred. Edit the equation or press s to clear the equation. Note: If an error occurs during the automatic calculation of a listed financial variable, pressing s, g, or y displays the first variable in the function.
Equation too long (Error 4): • The equation exceeded its maximum input buffer (160 characters). An equation must be shorter than 160 characters. No solution (Error 5): • The iteration limit was exceeded while calculating one of the following values in an overly complex problem: • I/Y (TVM solver) • IRR (Discounted cash flow analysis)*1 • YIELD (Bond calculations) *1 If you get an error while calculating IRR, enter an estimated value into RATE(I/Y) and calculate again.
Calculation ranges of functions • Within the ranges specified, this calculator is accurate to within ±1 of the least significant digit of the mantissa. However, a calculation error increases in continuous calculations due to accumulation of each calculation error. (This is the same for financial calculations, x x x scientific calculations [y , , e , ln, n!, etc.], where continuous calculations are performed internally.
Function x y Calculation range 1 • y > 0: –10100 < — log y < 100 (x ≠ 0) x • y = 0: 0 < x < 10100 • y < 0: x = 2n – 1 1 (0 < | x | < 1: — = n, x ≠ 0),* x 1 –10100 < — log | y | < 100 x ex –10100 < x ≤ 230.2585092 10x –10100 < x < 100 sinh x, cosh x, tanh x | x | ≤ 230.
Battery Replacement Notes on battery replacement Improper handling of battery can cause electrolyte leakage or explosion. Be sure to observe the following handling rules: • Make sure the new battery is the correct type. • When installing, orient the battery correctly, as indicated in the calculator. • The factory-installed battery may be exhausted before it reaches the service life stated in the specifications.
Replacement procedure 1. Turn the power off by pressing . c. 2. Loosen the screw and remove the battery cover. (see fig. 1) 3. Remove the used battery using a ball-point pen or similar object. Do not use a mechanical pencil or any sharp or pointed object to remove the battery. (see fig. 2) 4. Install a new battery into the battery housing with the positive side (+) facing up. (see fig. 3) fig. 1 fig. 2 5. Replace the battery cover and the screw. 6.
Key operation and calculation priority 5 + 2 x . { 30 + 25 x 5 . @ 3 = • Parenthesized operations take precedence over other operations. Specifications Calculations: Financial calculations General arithmetic calculations Scientific calculations Statistical calculations Calculation method: D.A.L. (Direct Algebraic Logic) Internal calculations: Mantissas of up to 14 digits Pending operations: 24 calculations, 10 numeric values Power source: 3.0 V … (DC) Lithium battery (CR2032) × 1 Operating life: Approx.
Index >, 37, 51, 64 + - x 8, 4, 11 =, 11, 15 ,, 11, 37, 61 ( ), 11, 16, 61 <, 23 } :, 60, 61 %, 16, 62 B, 54 z i g y, 6, 13 ! P, 51 ., 11 , 16, 61 ;, 61 :, 61 .
Discounted cash flow analysis, 17, 18, 37–43, 72 Display layout, 7 Display notation, 8 EFF, 17, 51, 74 ENT (symbol), 7, 20 Entering dates, 47 Entering numbers, 11 Error, 14, 76–78 EXP, 64 Financial calculations, 17, 18, 72 FIXED, 58, 75 FLO_A (FLOAT A), FLO_B (FLOAT B), 7, 9 Floating point, 8, 9 Formulas, 72–75 FV, 18, 22, 72 GRAD, 8, 9, 61, 78 Independent memory (M), 8, 12, 14, 15 Insert mode, 13 INV, 64 IRR, 40, 41, 72, 77 I/Y, 18, 22, 72, 77 LIFE (N), 18, 48, 74 LINE, 64 Listed financial variables, 12, 1
