MODEL EL-738 BUSINESS/FINANCIAL CALCULATOR OPERATION MANUAL
1 NOTICE • SHARP makes no guarantee that this product or this manual is suitable or accurate for any purpose, commercial or otherwise. • Rules and practices in financial calculation vary according to country, locality, or financial institution. It is the consumer’s responsibility to determine whether or not the results produced by this product conform to applicable rules and regulations.
Contents Introduction.................................................................. 3 Operational Notes ...............................................................3 Key Notations in This Manual ..............................................4 Chapter 1: Getting Started .......................................... 5 Preparing to Use the Calculator ..........................................5 Resetting the Calculator In Case of Difficulty ......................5 Calculator and Display Layout..............
Introduction Thank you for purchasing a SHARP Business/Financial Calculator. After reading this manual, store it in a convenient location for future reference. • Display of examples shown in this manual may not look exactly the same as what is seen on the product. For instance, screen examples will show only the symbols necessary for explanation of each particular calculation. • All company and/or product names are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Key Notations in This Manual . ? ..................... Q i Z ..................... J .............................. : . h ..................... : 1 or 1 ....................... : i V ..................... To specify CLR-D: To specify ENT : To specify Z : To specify DATA : To specify log To specify 1 To specify xy Key operations are described in this manual as follows: -10 Functions that are printed in orange above the key require . to be pressed first before the key.
Chapter 1 Getting Started Preparing to Use the Calculator 000 Before using your calculator for the first time, you must reset (initialize) it. Resetting the calculator Press the RESET switch located on the back of the calculator with the tip of a ball-point pen or similar object. Do not use an object with a breakable or sharp tip. • After resetting the calculator, the initial display of the NORMAL mode appears.
Calculator and Display Layout Calculator layout Key operation keys SET UP key Display screen Power ON/OFF and Clear key Cursor keys MODE key Display screen: The calculator display consists of a 12-character dot matrix character line and a 12-digit 7-segment character line (10-digit mantissa and 2-digit exponent). Power ON/OFF and Clear key: Turns the calculator ON. This key also clears the display. To turn off the calculator, press ., then c. Key operation keys: .
Display layout Equation/ variable name display Mantissa Exponent Symbol : Appears when the entire equation cannot be displayed. Press g / y to see the remaining (hidden) part. : Indicates that variables or data are present above/below the screen. Press z / i to scroll up/down. • During actual use, not all symbols are displayed at the same time. • Only the symbols required for the operation being explained are shown in the screen examples of this manual. / 2ndF HYP : Appears when .
: Appears when statistics mode is selected. DEG / RAD / GRAD : Indicates which angular units are in use. It can be changed in the SET UP menu. M : Indicates that a numerical value is stored in the independent memory (M). : Indicates that the value of the displayed variable has not been calculated yet (for variables that can be calculated). The SET UP Menu i 3 DATE Press ~ to display the SET UP menu.
Selecting the floating point number system in scientific notation The calculator has two settings for displaying a floating point number: FLO_A (FLOAT A) and FLO_B (FLOAT B). In each display setting, a number is automatically displayed in scientific notation outside the following preset ranges: 1—————©3= 1—————©3= 3©1———= 3©1———= 000 3-03 0003 3©1———= 3333333333 33 04 3333333 1—————©3= Display • FLO_A ~ 0 2: 0.000000001 | X | 9,999,999,999 • FLO_B ~ 0 3: 0.
Selecting the date format (see page 44) • US (Month-Day-Year): ~ 3 0 (default setting) • EU (Day-Month-Year): ~ 3 1 Operating Modes STAT 1 000 2 SD LINE QUAD 1 NORMAL 0 This calculator has two operating modes, which can be selected using the MODE key. Selecting a mode 1. Press m. The menu display appears. 2. Press 0 or = to select NORMAL mode. • Press 1 or y = to select STAT mode.
Chapter 2 General Information Basic Calculations Entering numbers and arithmetic operations • • • • • 125000000 -9000 343 14000 Result Use the number keys 0 to 9, decimal point key ., and sign change key , to enter numbers into the calculator. To clear the display or entry, press s. Use the S key to enter a value in scientific notation. Use the arithmetic keys + - x 8 to perform the standard arithmetic calculations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Operation s .b m (Mode selection) . k 0 (MEM) × × × × Entry A-H, (display) M, X-Z ANS . k 1 (RESET) RESET switch : Cleared or restored to the default setting *2 × × *5 × × *6 × *8 × Listed Cash TVM financial *3 flow variables*1 variables *4 data STAT *7 × × × : Retained *1 N, I/Y, PV, PMT, and FV (P/Y and C/Y are not included.
Memory clear key Press . k to display the menu. 1 MEM RESET 0 • To clear all (A-H, M, X-Z, ANS, TVM variables, listed financial variables, cash flow data, and STAT), press 0 0 or 0 =. • To RESET the calculator, press 1 0 or 1 =. The RESET operation erases all data stored in memory, and restore the calculator’s default settings. Editing and Correcting an Entry Cursor keys • In a menu, such as the SET UP menu, use g or y to select a number (the selected number will blink), then press =.
Key operation s 15 8 3 = 192 500 Display 15©3= Changing “15 ÷ 3 =” into “25 ÷ 13 =” Procedure 15 ÷ 3 = 15©3 y Enter the playback function. 15©3 25©3 Switch to overwrite . d mode. .d 25©13= 25©3 Change to insert mode. 1= Change “15” to “25” 2 y y and move the cursor to “3”. Change “3” to “13” and calculate. Errors An error will occur if an operation exceeds the calculation ranges, or if a mathematically illegal operation is attempted.
*1 N, I/Y, PV, PMT, FV All financial variables, except for TVM variables x, sx, mx, n, Yx, Yx2, y, sy, my, Yy, Yy2, Yxy, r, a, b, c *2 *3 Temporary memories (A-H, X-Z) Press g and the variable key to store a value in memory. Press f and the variable key to recall a value from the memory. To place a variable in an equation, press i and the variable key. Independent memory (M) In addition to all the other features of temporary memories, a value can be added to or subtracted from an existing memory value.
of calculation (for example, both bond calculations and the TVM solver use the variable I/Y), you can retrieve the value simply by switching calculation types and bringing up the variable. Statistical variables Statistical data is not entered into variables. Statistical variables are the results of the calculation of statistical data. Therefore, you cannot enter values directly into statistical variables.
Chapter 3 Financial Functions General Information Financial calculations The following financial functions are available. Use NORMAL mode to perform financial calculations. TVM (Time Value of Money) solver: Analyze equal and regular cash flows. These include calculations for mortgages, loans, leases, savings, annuities and contracts or investments with regular payments. Amortization calculations: Calculate and create amortization schedules using values stored in the TVM solver.
Variables used in financial calculations Financial calculations use multiple variables. By entering known values into variables, you can obtain unknown values. Variables used in financial calculations are categorized into the following two types, depending on the entry method. TVM variables: Variables that are used in the TVM solver. These include N, I/Y, PV, PMT and FV. You can store, recall or calculate values directly using the corresponding keys.
Basic variable operations TVM variables (N, I/Y, PV, PMT, FV) A. Entering a value Enter a value and then press the corresponding TVM variable key. Note: You can also enter values into variables using arithmetic operations. Ex. 100 x 12 u B. Displaying a value Press f and the corresponding TVM variable key. C. Executing calculation Press @ and the corresponding TVM variable key. Listed financial variables A. Entering a value 1.
The ENT and COMP symbols Listed financial variables are categorized by whether they are known or unknown. When the variable is selected (displayed), the “ENT” and/or “COMP” symbols will appear to indicate that the current variable may be entered (known variable) and/or calculated (unknown variable), respectively. For details, refer to the explanations or examples for each financial function.
Compound interest This calculator assumes interest is compounded periodically in financial calculations (compound interest). Compound interest accumulates at a predefined rate on a periodic basis. For example, money deposited in a passbook saving account at a bank accumulates a certain amount of interest each month, increasing the account balance. The amount of interest received each month depends on the balance of the account during that month, including interest added in previous months.
TVM (Time Value of Money) Solver Analyze equal and regular cash flows. These include calculations for mortgages, loans, leases, savings, annuities, and contracts or investments with regular payments. Note: Discounted cash flow analysis can be done using unequal cash flows (see page 37). An amortization schedule can be calculated using the information stored in the TVM solver (see page 33).
3. Enter values into TVM solver variables. • Enter a value and press the appropriate TVM variable key (N, f, v, u, T). • Press . w and then enter a value for P/Y. The same value is automatically assigned to C/Y as well. Values entered into P/Y or C/Y must be positive. After entering values, press s to quit the P/Y and C/Y settings. • After setting P/Y (number of payments per year), you can use . < to enter N (total number of payments). Enter the number of years and press . <.
Procedure Set all the variables to default values. Key operation .b . w 12 Q 1200 000 Display P/Y= Make sure ordinary annuity is set (BGN is not displayed). Set the number of payments per year to 12. i s C/Y= I/Y= —~FV 000 24000 717 000 -44000 (-44—)~PMT 5600000 56———~PV ANS~N 1200 The number of compounding periods per year is automatically set to the same value as P/Y. Confirm the number of compounding periods per year. Quit the P/Y and C/Y settings. Calculate the total num- 20 .
2 Calculating basic loan payments ...... —~FV 000 400 400 000 8000 6.5~I/Y 650 -125586 PMT= 000 5600000 56———~PV ANS~N C/Y= P/Y= Display FV = 0 Calculate the quarterly payment for a $56,000 mortgage loan at 6.5% compounded quarterly during its 20-year amortization period. I/Y = 6.5% .b Key operation N = 4 × 20 years = 80 PV = $56,000 PMT = ? Procedure Set all the variables to default values. .w4Q Make sure ordinary annuity is set (BGN is not displayed).
3 Calculating future value ...... FV = ? 000 1200 400 000 000 3600 6.5~I/Y FV= 792219 650 -20000 (-2——)~PMT —~PV ANS~N C/Y= P/Y= Display PMT = –$200 I/Y = 6.5% (quarterly) You will pay $200 at the end of each month for the next three years into a savings plan that earns 6.5% compounded quarterly. What amount will you have at the end of period if you continue with the plan? PV = 0 .b Key operation N = 12 × 3 years = 36 PMT = –$200 Procedure Set all the variables to default values. .
4 Calculating present value P/Y= 100 000 Display N = 20 years I/Y = 5% Key operation .b FV = $10,000 You open an account that earns 5% compounded annually. If you wish to have $10,000 twenty years from now, what amount of money should you deposit now? PV = ? Procedure Set all the variables to default values. .w1Q Make sure ordinary annuity is set (BGN is not displayed). Set the number of payments per year to 1.
Specifying payments due (. ") This calculator can select ordinary annuity or annuity due depending on the regular cash flow (payment) conditions. Ordinary annuity (END): This is the default setting for financial calculations. BGN is not displayed. A regular cash flow (payment) is received at end of each payment period. Often applied to loan calculations, etc. Annuity due (BGN): BGN appears on the display. A regular cash flow (payment) is received at the beginning of each payment period.
Procedure Enter the total number of payments. Enter the future value. Key operation s 18 N 300000 T @u 3.6 f Set the present value to 0 v zero. Enter the annual interest rate. Calculate payment. Annuity due Display 18~N 1800 3—————~FV 360 000 30000000 —~PV 3.6~I/Y PMT= -1624570 Answer: The monthly investment should be $16,245.70. 2 FV = $2,995 × 10% = $299.5 1200 000 000 Display P/Y= I/Y = ?% . w 12 Q ." .b Key operation N = 24 ......
Procedure Key operation Display 24~N ANS~FV I/Y= 708 299500 2995~PV -14500 (-145)~PMT 29950 2400 The number of compounding periods per year is automatically set to 12. Press s to exit the P/Y and C/Y settings. 2995 x 10 . %T s 24 N Enter the future value. , 145 u Enter the total number of payments. Enter payment. @f Enter the present value. 2995 v Calculate the annual interest rate. Answer: If you lease the computer system, the annual interest rate would be 7.
Procedure Set all the variables to default values. Set to annuity due (BGN is displayed). Set the number of payments per year to 12. Key operation .b ." . w 12 Q s 34 N , 200 u 18 f , 1500 T @v 1200 000 000 Display P/Y= 34~N 18~I/Y PV= 627995 -150000 (-15——)~FV 1800 -20000 (-2——)~PMT 3400 The number of compounding periods per year is automatically set to 12. Press s to exit the P/Y and C/Y settings. Enter the total number of payments. Enter payment. Enter the annual interest rate.
Procedure Set all the variables to default values. Key operation .b . w 12 Q 1200 000 Display P/Y= Make sure ordinary annuity is set (BGN is not displayed). Set the number of payments per year to 12. s 25 . < N ANS~N 5.5~I/Y —~FV 000 3344108 18————-PV= 14655892 PV= 550 -90000 (-9——)~PMT 30000 The number of compounding periods per year is automatically set to 12. Press s to exit the P/Y and C/Y settings. Enter the total number of payments. , 900 u s 180000 fv= @v 0T 5.
Amortization Calculations Calculate and create amortization schedules using values stored in the TVM solver. Note: Prior to using amortization, you need to enter values into TVM variables.
8. Press i to calculate the next period of the amortization schedule. 9. Repeat steps 5 to 7 above. • If you press @ during “AMRT P1” and “AMRT P2” entry, the values for the next period of payment will be automatically calculated and displayed. • To end amortization calculations, press s. Pressing s during entry will clear the value entered. 1 Calculating mortgage payments and generating an amortization schedule .b Key operation -61656 000 Display 1.
Procedure Display the principal paid. Display the interest paid. Key operation i i Key operation Display ÍPRINCIPAL= -104852 ÍINTEREST= -203428 -478316 ÍINTEREST= -261556 ÍPRINCIPAL= 8633592 BALANCE= 1700 AMRT P2= 600 AMRT P1= Display 3. Calculate the amortization schedule for the second year. Procedure Change amortization i6Q schedule to the second year and enter 6 (January) for the starting payment. i i i Enter 17 (December) i 17 Q for the ending payment.
2 Calculating payments, interest, and loan balance after a specified payment s.b Key operation 000 Display You have taken out a 30-year loan for $500,000, with an annual interest rate of 8.5%. If, after the 48th period, you want a balloon payment due, what amount of monthly payment must you make with monthly compounding and how much will the balloon payment be? Procedure Set all the variables to default values. -384457 PMT= Make sure ordinary annuity is set (BGN is not displayed).
Discounted Cash Flow Analysis Analyze unequal cash flows and calculate the net present value (NPV) and the internal rate of return (IRR). Note: Use the TVM solver for equal and regular cash flow analysis (see page 22). Entering cash flow data To find NPV and IRR using discounted cash flow analysis, enter cash flow data, one data item at a time, in the following format: Single cash flows Cash flow value J Repeated cash flows Cash flow value > frequency value J Notes: • Before entering data, press > .
Procedure Key operation 8000 J 5000 > 2 J 9000 J 7000 J , 25000 J Bring up the initial dis- s *1 play in NORMAL mode. Enter cash flow data. *1 *2 Display 000 DATA SET:CF 000* DATA SET:CF 100 DATA SET:CF 200 DATA SET:CF 300 DATA SET:CF 400 2 If there is cash flow data stored, press > . b to clear it. The format of the data set (cash flow and frequency values) number, which is initially set to “0.00,” is dependent on calculator display notation settings.
• Press . z or . i to jump to the first or the last data item, respectively. • Each data item is displayed in the form CF Dn= (cash flow value) or CF Nn= (frequency), where n indicates the data set number. Editing data • Display the data item you wish to modify by using z/i, enter a new value and press J. • If a frequency value is set to zero, then the associated data set is deleted. Deleting data • Display the data item to be deleted by using z/i, and press . ?.
Procedure Key operation Display CF D—= 100 -3000000 iiii CF N3= iii1J Change the first cash , 30000 J flow value from –25,000 to –30,000. Change the frequency of 5000 from 2 to 1. . e 6000 J 600000 CF D3= Add a new data set (6000) immediately before 5000. To confirm the corrections, press . z to jump to the first data item and press i to browse through each data item.
2. Enter cash flow data. • Refer to page 37 for instructions on entering cash flow data. 3. Press . < to begin discounted cash flow analysis. • If a previously entered cash flow value is displayed, press s to exit and then press . <. 4. To find NPV or IRR, do the following: To obtain NPV: Enter the interest rate (discounted rate) into RATE(I/Y) and press Q. Move to NET_PV and calculate by pressing i and @. To obtain IRR: Press @ to calculate IRR (RATE(I/Y)).
Procedure Enter cash flow data. Key operation , 12000 J 3000 J 5000 > 3 J 4000 J Return to the initial dis- s play in NORMAL mode. *1 Key operation Display DATA SET:CF 000 DATA SET:CF 100 DATA SET:CF 200 DATA SET:CF 300 000 2314 RATE(I/Y)= 000 RATE(I/Y)= Display If there is cash flow data stored, press > . b to clear it. 2. Calculate IRR. Procedure @ Select discounted cash . < . b flow analysis, and set all the variables to default values. Calculate IRR (RATE (I/Y)).
000 300 DATA SET:CF 200 DATA SET:CF 100 DATA SET:CF 000 DATA SET:CF 000 Display –$20,000 $80,000 $80,000 $80,000 $80,000 $80,000 –$50,000 –$50,000 –$50,000 –$100,000 Key operation 1. Enter the cash flow data. Procedure Bring up the initial dis- s *1 play in NORMAL mode. Enter cash flow data. , 50000 > 2 J , 150000 J 80000 > 4 J 60000 J Return to the initial dis- s play in NORMAL mode.
Bond Calculations Default value Using bond calculations, you can obtain bond prices, yields to maturity, and accrued interest.
Basic operations Refer to page 19 for basic variable operations. 1. Press s to clear the display. • Make sure the calculator is in NORMAL mode. 000 COUPON(PMT)= 2. Select bond calculations by pressing #. • To end bond calculations, press s. • If you press s during entry, any entered values will be cleared. 3. Change the day-count setting, if necessary, by pressing . &. 4. Enter the coupon rate (%) into COUPON (PMT) by entering the value and pressing Q. 5.
Calculating bond price and accrued interest Key operation 141 9464 PV+ANS= ACCU INT= 9323 PRICE(PV)= 720 YIELD(I/Y)= 200 CPN/Y(N)= 8-15-2023 M-D-Y 2=[TU] 11- 3-2006 M-D-Y 1=[FR] 10000 REDEMPT(FV)= 650 COUPON(PMT)= 000 COUPON(PMT)= 000 Display A $100, 20-year, 6.5% coupon bond is issued to mature on August 15, 2023. It was sold on November 3, 2006 to yield the purchaser 7.2% compounded semiannually until maturity.
Calculate the yield. Change the bond price to $92.50. Procedure z@ #iii i i i 92.5 Q Key operation Answer: The yield will be 7.28%. Entering dates Refer to the following notes for date entry. Display PRICE(PV)= 9250 YIELD(I/Y)= 728 • Enter using US date format (MM-DD-YYYY) or EU date format (DD-MM-YYYY). Refer to the previous example and the following explanation. Month entry Enter two digits. From 2 to 9, the preceding zero may be omitted. Day entry Enter two digits.
Depreciation Calculations Using depreciation calculations, you can obtain depreciation base values using three types of calculation methods: the straight-line method, the sum-of-the-years’ digits method, and the declining balance method.
2. Select the depreciation method (see page 48). ---------- 3. Select depreciation calculations by pressing O. SL • When using the declining balance method, DB (I/Y) appears. Enter the number and press Q. • To end depreciation calculations, press s. If you press s during entry, any entered values will be cleared. 4. Enter the number of years of depreciation into LIFE (N) by pressing i, entering the value, and pressing Q.
Calculating straight-line depreciation Key operation s~20 O i 30 Q i4Q i 1500000 Q Display 000 000 300 136250000 RDV= 136250000 RBV= 5000000 DEPRECIATE= YEAR= SALVAGE(FV)= 150000000 COST(PV)= 400 START MONTH= 3000 LIFE(N)= ---------- SL In April, your company begins depreciation of a commercial building with a 30-year life and no salvage value. The building costs $1,500,000.
Conversion between APR and EFF Interest rates can be converted between APR (annual, or nominal percentage rate) and EFF (effective interest rate). • The APR is an investment’s annual rate of interest when compounding happens only once a year. The interest rate printed on a bond is an example of an APR. • The EFF is an investment’s annual rate of interest when compounding happens more often than once a year. It reflects the actual amount of return for a given nominal rate.
Day and Date Calculations Using day and date calculations, you can find dates and the numbers of days between dates. Variables used in day and date calculations 1-1-2001 Default value The first date 1-1-2001 Description M-D-Y 1 *1 The last date Variable M-D-Y 2 *1 Number of days You can change the date format to D-M-Y (see page 10). 0 DAYS *1 Setting the day-count method You can toggle between the actual calendar (365 days plus leap years) and a 360-day calendar (12 months of 30 days each) using .
1 Calculating number of days Key operation 1- 1-2001 M-D-Y 1=[MO] 000 Display Calculate the number of days between December 25, 2008 and August 10, 2009 (using US date format and the actual calendar). Procedure Bring up the initial dis- s play in NORMAL mode. Select day and date K.b calculations, and set all the variables to default values. i@ i 8102009 Q 12252008 Q DAYS= 22800 8-10-2009 M-D-Y 2=[MO] 12-25-2008 M-D-Y 1=[TH] Make sure the actual calendar is set (360 is not displayed).
Procedure Move to the last date and calculate. Key operation z@ Answer: The last date is February 21, 2011. Display M-D-Y 2=[MO] 2-21-2011 Percent Change/Compound Interest Calculations Using percent change/compound interest calculations, you can determine the values of percentage rates of change (increase or decrease) or interest rates compounding periodically.
1 Calculating percent change Key operation 5467 %(I/Y)= 11600000 NEW PRC(FV)= 7500000 OLD PRC(PV)= 000 OLD PRC(PV)= 000 Display Sales in a company were $75,000 during the first year of operation. The second year’s sales were $116,000. What percentage greater were the second year’s sales than first year’s sales? In this calculation, the number of compound periods is set to 1 (default). Procedure Bring up the initial dis- s play in NORMAL mode. i@ i 116000 Q 75000 Q Select percent change/ . B .
Procedure Enter the new value. Key operation i 9800 Q z@ Set the number of com- i i 18 Q pound periods to 18. Calculate the compound interest rate. Display NEW PRC(FV)= 980000 PERIODS(N)= 113 1800 %(I/Y)= Answer: The compound interest rate is 1.13%. Cost/Sell/Margin/Markup Calculations Using cost/sell/margin/markup calculations, you can determine costs, selling prices, margins and markup.
3. Enter the values of any two known variables as follows: SELL COST COST and SELL COST, and MARGIN or MARK UP *1 SELL, and MARGIN or MARK UP *1 Known variables MARGIN COST and SELL Unknown variable MARK UP *1 Because only either MARGIN or MARK UP is used in any cost/sell/margin/markup calculation, the unused variable is given a value of “----------”. Initially, MARK UP is set to “----------”. If you enter a value for MARK UP, MARGIN is set to “----------”, and vice versa. 4.
Breakeven Calculations Using breakeven calculations, you can calculate fixed cost, variable cost per unit, unit price, profit and quantity. Variables used in breakeven calculations VARIABLE FIXED Unit price Variable cost per unit Fixed cost 0 0 0 0 Default value PRICE Profit 0 Description PROFIT Quantity Variable QUANTITY Basic operations Refer to page 19 for basic variable operations. 1. Press s to clear the display. • Make sure the calculator is in NORMAL mode. 000 2.
Procedure Key operation i@ i i 120 Q i 75.80 Q 15000 Q Select breakeven $.b calculations, and set all the variables to default values. Enter fixed cost. Enter variable cost per unit. Enter unit price. Leave profit as is. Calculate quantity. 000 Display FIXED= FIXED= 1500000 7580 VARIABLE= PRICE= 12000 PROFIT= 000 QUANTITY= 33937 Answer: The breakeven point of this product is 339.37 units.
Chapter 4 Scienti c Functions This calculator has a variety of functions. Press m 0 to select NORMAL mode and perform scientific calculations. • • • • 34 + 57 = 45 = s 34 + 57 = 9100 10200 170000 272000 Result For basic calculations, see page 11. When a listed financial variable is displayed, you can enter the result of a scientific calculation into it by pressing Q immediately after completing the calculation. Scientific calculations can also be performed in STAT mode.
s . { 60 = Key operation Scientific Calculations Example sin 60 [°] = cos — [rad] = 4 tan–1 1 [g] = ~12. 71 = ~11. c(.t 84 ) = tan–1 1 [°] = ~10. 71 = Display sin60= 087 5000 071 cos(π©4)= tan-|1= tan-|1= 4500 DEG –— — 2 2 –90 90 –1 –1 = sin x, = tan x 0 0 180 –1 = cos x 2009 • The range of the results of inverse trigonometric functions RAD 0 200 . h 50 = 090 170 300 5012 2009 031 400 645 -202498 Result –100 100 s ( . ] c1.5 + . ] {1.
Key operation 4.o= Example 4! = 10 . q 3 = P3 = 500 x 25 . % 5.p2= 10 C2 = 5 What is 25% of 500? Result 2400 72000 1000 12500 500 + 25 . % 28000 62500 3000 500 + (500 × 25%) = 400 - 30 . % 120 8 400 . % What percentage of 400 is 120? 400 – (400 × 30%) = Random Functions This calculator has four kinds of random functions (the 2nd function of the - key). Random numbers A pseudo-random number, consisting of three significant digits from zero up to 0.999, can be generated by pressing . | 0 =.
Random integer Key operation 532 RANDOMx1—= Display An integer between 0 and 99 can be generated randomly by pressing . | 3 =. To generate further random numbers in succession, press = for each number. Press s to exit. Example Pick a random number s . | 0 between zero and 9.99. x 10 = • The result will not be the same each time this operation is performed.
Chapter 5 Statistical Functions Sub-mode Stat 6 Display Statistical calculations can be performed in STAT mode. The symbol will be visible if you are in STAT mode.
DATA 30 40 40 50 Display Stat — 000 DATA SET= 100 * DATA SET= 200 300 DATA SET= Stat — 000 2 • You can enter a total of up to 100 statistical and/or cash flow data items. For single-variable data, a data set without a frequency is counted as one data item, and a data set with an assigned frequency is counted as two data items. For twovariable data, a data set without a frequency is counted as two data items, while a data set with an assigned frequency is counted as three data items.
Confirming and editing data 2000 1000 Frequency Data set number y value Data set number x value Data set number • Use z / i to display a data item from a previously entered data set. X1= Y1= FRQ1= 1100 • Press . z or . i to jump to the first or last data item, respectively. • Each data item is displayed in the form: “Xn = (x value)”, “Yn = (y value)”, or “FRQn = (frequency)”, where “n” is the data set number.
Editing statistical data DATA 30 40 40 50 DATA 30 45 45 45 60 Key operation i X1= FRQ2= 300 000 300 DATA SET= Stat — 3000 Display Change the previously entered data from page 65 as follows: Procedure Display the statistical data. 60 J i.? Change the “40, 2” data i i 45 J set to “45, 3”. i3J Delete “50”. Add “60”.
The estimate of y for a given x (estimate y´) and the estimate of x for a given y (estimate x´) can also be found. When there are two x values, the COMP symbol will appear. Press @ to switch between x values. Exponential regression, logarithmic regression, power regression, and inverse regression calculations Section and results, except for coefficients c.
1 Key operation Result Single-variable statistical calculation Example x = x= 50 75 75 75 80 80 95 fn f2 f= 50 J 75 > 3 J J 80 J 95 J Í≈= n= σ≈= x– = 4120000 53000 700 1237 7571 DATA SET=500 DATA SET=400 DATA SET=300 DATA SET=200 DATA SET=100 Stat — n= fU Í≈Œ= 1336 000 x = f[ Sx= 17857 m10. b 2 x = f4 SxŒ= DATA sx = .
2 Example Linear regression calculation Key operation Result 2>5J DATA SET=200 DATA SET=100 Stat 1 5 J DATA SET=300 m11 2 5 12 > 24 J 000 2 24 DATA x y 12 a= DATA SET=400 fa b= 21 > 40 > 3 J a= fb r= 40 40 40 b= fr Sx= 21 21 21 r= f4 Sy= DATA sx = f5 3y´ 15 > 25 J sy = 3.? SET=500 105 183 100 854 1567 653 2462 25 y´ = ? 46 .
3 Quadratic regression calculation 12 x 13 41 y 5>2J 8 > 13 J 12 > 41 J m12 DATA DATA DATA DATA Stat 2 Result 8 2 23 > 200 J DATA Key operation 5 200 15 > 71 J Example 23 71 b= a= fa fb fa 10y´ c= b= a= DATA 15 c= 10 . ? 000 SET=100 SET=200 SET=300 SET=400 SET=500 536 -312 050 2449 963 y´ = ? ≈¡= -343 x = 10 @ @ 22 .
Appendix m + IRR is obtained as i, which satis es NPV = 0 in the above equations. RATE(I/Y) where i = 100 , CFimax = the maximum data set number CF m Discounted cash flow analysis Error AMRT P1 > AMRT P2 Results ROUND(NUM): If a display notation tab setting has been chosen, NUM is rounded and truncated to the speci ed number of places after the decimal point.
Bond calculations In its bond calculations, this calculator conforms to rules set up by the book titled Standard Securities Calculation Methods, by Jan Mayle, Securities Industry Association, 1993. Bond calculation is based on the following rules: 1. Whenever the redemption date happens to be the last day of a month, coupons are also paid on the last days of months. For example, if coupon payments are semi-annual and the redemption date is September 30, coupon payments occur on March 31 and September 30. 2.
Depreciation calculations ROUND(NUM): If a display notation tab setting has been chosen, NUM is rounded and truncated to the speci ed number of places after the decimal point. In the following equations, M01 = START MONTH, LIF = LIFE(N), CST = COST(PV), SAL = SALVAGE(FV), and DB = DB(I/Y).
30/360 1. Adjust D1 and D2 according to the following rules: (1) If D2 and D1 are both the last day of February, change D2 to 30. (2) If D1 is the last day of February, change D1 to 30. (3) If D2 is 31 and D1 is 30 or 31, change D2 to 30. (4) If D1 is 31, change D1 to 30. 2.
Errors and Calculation Ranges Errors An error will occur if an operation exceeds the calculation ranges, or if a mathematically illegal operation is attempted. When an error occurs, pressing g or y automatically moves the cursor back to the place in the equation where the error occurred. Edit the equation or press s to clear the equation. Note: If an error occurs during the automatic calculation of a listed financial variable, pressing s, g, or y displays the first variable in the function.
Equation too long (Error 4): • The equation exceeded its maximum input buffer (160 characters). An equation must be shorter than 160 characters. No solution (Error 5): • The iteration limit was exceeded while calculating one of the following values in an overly complex problem: • I/Y (TVM solver) • IRR (Discounted cash flow analysis)*1 • YIELD (Bond calculations) *1 If you get an error while calculating IRR, enter an estimated value into RATE(I/Y) and calculate again.
Calculation ranges of functions • Within the ranges specified, this calculator is accurate to within ±1 of the least significant digit of the mantissa. However, a calculation error increases in continuous calculations due to accumulation of each calculation error. (This is the same for financial calculations, x x x , e , ln, n!, etc.], where continuous scientific calculations [y , calculations are performed internally.
sinh–1 x sinh x, cosh x, tanh x 10x ex x y 1 x < 1050 | x | < 1050 | x | 230.2585092 –10100 < x < 100 –10100 < x 230.
Battery Replacement Notes on battery replacement Improper handling of battery can cause electrolyte leakage or explosion. Be sure to observe the following handling rules: • Make sure the new battery is the correct type. • When installing, orient the battery correctly, as indicated in the calculator. • The factory-installed battery may be exhausted before it reaches the service life stated in the specifications.
Replacement procedure 1. Turn the power off by pressing . c. 2. Loosen the screw and remove the battery cover. (see fig. 1) 3. Remove the used battery using a ball-point pen or similar object. Do not use a mechanical pencil or any sharp or pointed object to remove the battery. (see fig. 2) 4. Install a new battery into the battery housing with the positive side (+) facing up. (see fig. 3) 5. Replace the battery cover and the screw. 6.
Key operation and calculation priority 5 + 2 x . { 30 + 25 x 5 . @ 3 = • Parenthesized operations take precedence over other operations. Specifications Calculations: Financial calculations General arithmetic calculations Scientific calculations Statistical calculations Calculation method: D.A.L. (Direct Algebraic Logic) Internal calculations: Mantissas of up to 14 digits Pending operations: 24 calculations, 10 numeric values Power source: 3.0 V … (DC) Lithium battery (CR2032) × 1 Power consumption: 0.
Index >, 37, 51, 64 + - x 8, 4, 11 =, 11, 15 ,, 11, 37, 61 ( ), 11, 16, 61 <, 23 } :, 60, 61 %, 16, 62 B, 54 z i g y, 6, 13 ! P, 51 ., 11 t, 16, 61 ;, 61 :, 61 .
Discounted cash flow analysis, 17, 18, 37–43, 72 Display layout, 7 Display notation, 8 EFF, 17, 51, 74 ENT (symbol), 7, 20 Entering dates, 47 Entering numbers, 11 Error, 14, 76–78 EXP, 64 Financial calculations, 17, 18, 72 FIXED, 58, 75 FLO_A (FLOAT A), FLO_B (FLOAT B), 7, 9 Floating point, 8, 9 Formulas, 72–75 FV, 18, 22, 72 GRAD, 8, 9, 61, 78 Independent memory (M), 8, 12, 14, 15 Insert mode, 13 INV, 64 IRR, 40, 41, 72, 77 I/Y, 18, 22, 72, 77 LIFE (N), 18, 48, 74 LINE, 64 Listed financial variables, 12, 1
MEMO 85
For USA only: This product contains a CR Coin Lithium Battery which contains Perchlorate Material – special handling may apply, California residents, See www.dtsc.ca.
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