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Warranty Confirmation Warranty Confirmation Return this card within 60 days of purchase to confirm your warranty. You can mail it to Sensors & Software, fax it to +1-905-624-9365, or register your product online at www.sensoft.ca/product-registration.
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Warranty Confirmation SENSORS & SOFTWARE INC. PRODUCT LICENSE, COPYRIGHT, LIABILITY AND WARRANTY INFORMATION Important Please read this document carefully before using the SOFTWARE PRODUCT or assembling the HARDWARE PRODUCT. By using the storage media or assembling the hardware, you are agreeing to be bound by the terms of this agreement. If you do not agree to the terms of this agreement, promptly contact Sensors & Software, Inc. at the address indicated at the end of this document.
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Warranty Confirmation workmanship under normal use for a period of ninety (90) days from the date of purchase as evidenced by a copy of your invoice. Except as specified above, any SOFTWARE PRODUCT is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the use or result of use of the product in terms of correctness, accuracy, reliability, currentness or otherwise. The entire risk as to the results and performance of the PRODUCT is assumed by you.
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Warranty Confirmation Important Safety Information The battery charger/AC adapter must only be connected to a power outlet which provides a protective earth (ground). Connect the AC power cord only to designated power sources as marked on the battery charger/AC adapter. The battery charger/AC adapter is rated for indoors use only. Do not replace detachable MAINS supply cords for the battery charger/AC adapter by inadequately RATED cords. The exterior of this product should be cleaned using a damp cloth.
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Table of Contents 1. Overview ................................................................................... 1 2. Getting Started .......................................................................... 3 2.1 Assembly 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3. 3 External GPS (optional) Charging the Battery Connections and Cable Management Powering up the PDP 7 8 8 11 Navigating the Tablet .............................................................. 13 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.
PDP User’s Guide Table of Contents 8. Parts & Components ................................................................ 65 9. Technical Specifications........................................................... 67 Health & Safety Certification...................................... A-1 GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations ........... B-1 Instrument Interference ............................................ C-1 Safety around Explosive Devices ............................... D-1 Wi-Fi Module ......
PDP User's Guide 1. Overview Overview Congratulations on your purchase of a Pavement Density Profile (PDP) system. PDP provides a way to measure density of newly laid asphalt over a large area rapidly, in a non-invasive manner. Areas of high and low density can then be targeted for further investigation or corrective action. The PDP system works by transmitting a radio wave signal towards the ground surface and detects the reflected wave, measuring the dielectric permittivity of the near surface.
PDP User's Guide Overview 2
PDP User's Guide 2. Getting Started Getting Started A fully assembled PDP system is shown in Figure 2-1. Follow the steps below to assembly the PDP after you receive it. Figure 2-1: Fully assembled PDP 2.1 Assembly PDP is shipped nearly assembled, and only requires a few connections to be made. Place the main cart handle onto the frame of the fiberglass cart (Figure 2-2), then insert the handle pin through the holes on both sides and close them (Figure 2-3).
PDP User's Guide Getting Started Figure 2-2: Attaching the main handle to the cart frame. Figure 2-3: Inserting pin to secure handle to cart Place the PDP sensor onto the cart (Figure 2-4) and secure tightly using the two straps on either end of the sensor (Figure 2-5). Make sure the ports on the PDP sensor are facing the handle side.
PDP User's Guide Getting Started Figure 2-4: Place PDP sensor onto the cart frame Figure 2-5: Secure PDP sensor with straps on either end 5
PDP User's Guide Getting Started Place the tablet into the docking station and secure by pressing down on the clamp above until firmly secured (Figure 2-6). Figure 2-6: Securing tablet to docking station To remove the tablet, release the locking mechanism on the back side (Figure 2-7), then remove the tablet.
PDP User's Guide 2.2 Getting Started External GPS (optional) Insert the GPS mount into the PDP handle, as shown in Figure 2-8, and insert pin through the hole to secure (Figure 2-9).
PDP User's Guide Getting Started Screw the Topcon GPS receiver onto the threaded GPS mount (Figure 2-10). Figure 2-10: Screw the Topcon GPS receiver onto the GPS mount 2.3 Charging the Battery Plug the battery charger into port #4 in Figure 2-11. Before using the PDP system for the first time, the battery should be charged for at least 4 hours, so it is fully charged. The charge indicator (#5 in Figure 2-11) will light up when charging and turn off when it’s done. 2.
PDP User's Guide Getting Started To minimize interference and ensure consistency of measurements, it is important that cables are secured to the cart frame, and not left dangling. Dangling wires will interfere with the quality of data collected by the PDP. For the GPS cable, connect it to the PDP sensor and make sure the cable is tight and fastened to the fibreglass frame as you route it upwards towards the GPS receiver (Figure 2-12).
PDP User's Guide Getting Started Figure 2-13: Plug the GPS cable into the GPS receiver The completely assembled PDP system should look as shown in Figure 2-14.
PDP User's Guide 2.5 Getting Started Powering up the PDP When ready, press the Power button (label #3 in Figure 2-11) to power up the PDP sensor. The light on the button will turn on and remain on while the PDP sensor is powered up. Turn on the tablet and, from the main screen, double-click the PDP icon to launch the PDP Application Software (Section 4). When shutting down the PDP system, it is best to shut down from the PDP software (Figure 4-2).
PDP User's Guide Getting Started 12
PDP User's Guide 3. Navigating the Tablet Navigating the Tablet The tablet that is included with PDP is a Winmate M101P-ME tablet, running the Windows operating system.
PDP User's Guide Navigating the Tablet Press and hold the #8 Power button in Figure 3-1 for a few seconds to turn on the tablet. The blue power LED will illuminate. Once the tablet has booted up, you will see the main screen in Figure 3-2. Tap the PDP icon twice to launch the program. Figure 3-2: Main screen when turning on tablet To shut down the tablet, press the Windows icon in the top left, then press the power icon as shown in Figure 3-3.
PDP User's Guide Navigating the Tablet Figure 3-3: Power off button 3.1 Wi-Fi Connectivity Once the tablet and PDP have both been turned on, they will automatically connect to each other. This can be confirmed by pressing the Wi-Fi icon in Figure 3-4 and seeing which network is connected to the tablet. The PDP network will have the format of PDPxxxxxxxx, where the xxxxxxxx represents the last 8 digits of the PDP serial number, which can be found on a sticker on the PDP.
PDP User's Guide Navigating the Tablet Figure 3-4: Connecting to a Wi-Fi network If the tablet has lost Wi-Fi connection with the PDP for whatever reason, first ensure that the PDP is powered up. Press the Wi-Fi icon as shown in Figure 3-4 and swipe down (if required) to see available Wi-Fi networks. Select the network name that starts with PDP. If there are multiple PDP sensors within range, the PDP network can be identified by the last 8 digits of the PDP serial number.
PDP User's Guide Navigating the Tablet Figure 3-5: Highlighting the battery icon 17
PDP User's Guide Navigating the Tablet 18
PDP User's Guide PDP Collection Software 4. PDP Collection Software Once the tablet has booted up, double click the PDP icon shown in Figure 3-2. This will launch the PDP software shown in Figure 4-1. 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 6 Figure 4-1: Main screen of the PDP software The circled, numbered items in Figure 4-1 are briefly explained to provide an overview of operations. These are all described in futher detail in this section. #1 – side menu to switch between Collection mode and Admin settings.
PDP User's Guide PDP Collection Software #7 - main screen where data are plotted. The plot title at the top indicates the collection mode: Stationary or Profile #8 – displays the value of the measurement, depending on the currentlyselected display parameter (set under Plot Options: Section 4.1.3) The circled #1 in Figure 4-1 points to three horizontal bars (often called a Hamburger button). Pressing this button displays a menu as shown in Figure 4-2.
PDP User's Guide 4.1 PDP Collection Software Tools Pressing the Tools button launches a window with four tabs (Figure 4-3). Each tab is explained in detail below. It is important to confirm your settings before collecting PDP data. 4.1.1 System Config The System Config tab allows you to set collection parameters, as well as configuring and enabling the GPS. Collection Mode – this is the first, and most important, setting to consider as it determines how you will collect data.
PDP User's Guide • PDP Collection Software Stationary (show in Figure 4-4) – the PDP is kept stationary, and measurements are collected (and averaged) over a set time interval. Stationary mode is often used as a follow-up to profile mode to investigate areas of high/low density at a specific location. Additionally, stationary mode is used to collect data at core locations.
PDP User's Guide PDP Collection Software Filter Length (only available if Collection mode = Profile) – the filter applies a horizontal smoothing filter to the data to reduce variations in the observed data. The filter length options are an indication of how aggressive the filter is; the larger the number of traces, the more smoothed the data will be as erratic “jumps” will be filtered out (Figure 4-3). If running using the odometer, available filter lengths are 0.5 m, 1.0 m, 5.0m or OFF.
PDP User's Guide PDP Collection Software Measurement time (only available if Collection mode = Stationary) - the data parameter to be displayed (e.g. density) is averaged over the set time, after which data collection is stopped and the file is created. Available options are: 30 s, 60 s and continuous. If continuous is selected, data is collected until the user presses Stop. See Figure 4-4. 4.1.
PDP User's Guide PDP Collection Software • If it cannot safely accept power via the serial port (as shown below), it must have its own battery or power supply. • GPS must not expect any handshaking from the PDP. The following options apply to GPS. • GPS Format: Select UTM or Latitude/Longitude (decimal degrees) • GPS Device: PDP comes with a built-in Internal GPS device. There is also an option for an External GPS. Select which one you want to use or turn OFF GPS altogether.
PDP User's Guide 4.1.3 PDP Collection Software Plot Options This tab controls how the data is displayed in the main window (Figure 4-7). Figure 4-7: The display for Plot Options Data displayed: during data collection, one of five different measurements can be displayed (Figure 4-8). Note that all measurements are calculated from the reflection amplitude of the GPR wave. The measurements are described below. Details on how these measurements are derived can be found in Appendix G:.
PDP User's Guide • PDP Collection Software Density – Site Specific – measurements of the asphalt properties at the survey site are used to create a unique, site-specific means of translating relative permittivity to density. When the information is available, other parameters such as relative density can be displayed in addition to the absolute density of the asphalt, expressed in units of g/cm3.
PDP User's Guide PDP Collection Software Figure 4-8: Plot Options showing the data to be displayed Pressing the Parameters button will display a window (Figure 4-9) with the following options: Figure 4-9: Window for entering Parameters 28
PDP User's Guide PDP Collection Software • Density Offset – used when calculating Density. This applies a shift in the data. A user would input a density offset value to bring the PDP surveyed measurements in line with that from a core sample or possibly calibrated nuclear gauge measurement. • Density - Site Specific - A, B & C coefficients, as well as Maximum Density are used in a polynomial equation that accurately transform permittivity to density (this is explained in Appendix G:).
PDP User's Guide 4.1.4 PDP Collection Software File Management This tab allows the user to download, delete and view previously collected PDP data (Figure 4-10). Figure 4-10; Viewing a line details and adding a description The options are explained below: • Download – collected data files reside on the PDP sensor itself. Touching the Download button copies the files to the Winmate tablet, where they can be exported to a USB drive.
PDP User's Guide PDP Collection Software All the collected PDP lines are listed on this page. Touching the small down arrow on the right side of each line will expand the details for that line (Figure 4-10). From here, the user has the following options: • Load – loads this line into the main screen for viewing. A pop-up message will advise that “the data will be displayed with the settings used during collection and may differ from the current settings”.
PDP User's Guide 4.1.5 PDP Collection Software Sensor Test The PDP Sensor is calibrated at the factory. If the unit has not been operated in some time, or you feel that it is not working properly, you can do a validation test. The validation test ensures that the system is operating properly by measuring an object with a known response. You will need the validation target supplied with the system. The test will take approximately 5 minutes to complete.
PDP User's Guide PDP Collection Software Figure 4-12: Turn Sensor upside down on a flat surface Figure 4-13: Place validation target as described on-screen 33
PDP User's Guide PDP Collection Software Figure 4-14: Beginning the validation test You will see a message indicating whether it passed or failed (Figure 4-15). If it failed, you will be able to re-try the test. Failure of the test does not mean the system is not working; data can still be collected. It is still a good idea to contact Sensors & Software if the validation test fails repeatedly.
PDP User's Guide 4.2 PDP Collection Software Collecting Data Once the settings are configured, you can begin collecting data. NOTE: Since PDP measures surface reflection which can be affected by the presence of standing water, do not use the PDP during rain or on wet pavement as this will produce incorrect values. PDP is intended for use on fresh asphalt, when it has cooled sufficiently to safely walk on. Touch the Start button to begin. The number of the next available line is displayed under Start.
PDP User's Guide PDP Collection Software immediately after the asphalt has been laid, compacted and allowed to cool, to check for the for the consistency of the asphalt density. As the cart is pushed along, distance is plotted along the horizontal axis, and whatever data parameter is selected from Plot Options (Section 4.1.3) is plotted on the vertical axis (Figure 4-17).
PDP User's Guide PDP Collection Software Profile mode incorporates a back-up feature (only in odometer mode) to enable you to accurately locate anomalous areas. After acquiring some data, pull the cart backwards. A red vertical line appears over the data. As you pull the cart backwards, the vertical line moves to mark the current location of the PDP sensor (Figure 4-18).
PDP User's Guide PDP Collection Software Figure 4-19: Inserting a flag 4.2.2 Stationary Mode Stationary mode is used to collect data over a single area without moving the PDP (Figure 4-20). Under Plot options (Section 4.1.3), the user can specify the duration of the data collection. Data collection will be stopped after the specified time has passed, and the file written. A progress bar displays the time completed as a percentage of the total time selected.
PDP User's Guide PDP Collection Software Figure 4-20: Collecting data in Stationary mode 4.2.3 Warning Messages During collection, the PDP might display warning messages if any of the following occur: 1. Going too fast – if the PDP is pushed too fast (faster than regular walking speed), an error message will momentarily pop up at the bottom of the screen saying, “skipped traces detected, please slow down”. Data collection will still continue. 2.
PDP User's Guide 4.3 PDP Collection Software Stats Pressing the Stats button will generate a PDP Summary Report, as a PDF file. Whatever data is currently displayed is used to generate the Summary Report. So, if profile collection mode is used displaying Density, then this is plotted in the Summary Report. Note that density and permittivity are calculated automatically can be easily plotted from each other.
PDP User's Guide 4.4 PDP Collection Software Admin Settings The Admin settings tab describes how to update the software, set date & time, and displays system information. Admin settings can also be accessed from the hamburger button shown in Figure 4-2. Each tab is described in detail below. 4.4.1 System Admin The system admin tab displays an overview of version numbers for the hardware and software (Figure 4-21).
PDP User's Guide 4.4.2 PDP Collection Software Software Update Upon pressing the Browse button, it will first pop up a window warning that all collected data on the PDP will be deleted. Once you proceed, you will see the screen in Figure 4-22. NOTE: Updating the software will delete all collected data on the PDP. Make sure you download any important data to the tablet before performing this operation.
PDP User's Guide PDP Collection Software Figure 4-23: Uploading the file Press Reboot to complete the PDP application installation (Figure 4-24). After installation completes you will have to manually start the PDP by pressing the On button on the PDP Sensor. If you decide to abort his process and not update the new firmware, press Clear.
PDP User's Guide PDP Collection Software Figure 4-24: Software update ready to proceed 44
PDP User's Guide 4.4.3 PDP Collection Software Network Settings Displays settings related to the PDP Wi-Fi connection (Figure 4-25). None of these fields can be edited by the user.
PDP User's Guide 4.4.4 PDP Collection Software Locale Settings Touch the Country/Region drop down menu to select the country where PDP will be operated (Figure 4-26). This sets the Wi-Fi power appropriately to meet local standards and regulations. Touch Submit make the change, and then reboot the system for the change to take affect.
PDP User's Guide 4.4.5 PDP Collection Software Date and Time The Date and Time tab displays the current time and date on the PDP (Figure 4-27). Pressing Synchronize will set the time on the PDP as the same time on the tablet. Pressing Submit will upload the changes to the PDP.
PDP User's Guide 4.4.6 PDP Collection Software Logs This tab displays a run-time log of the PDP (Figure 4-28). Pressing the Download Logs button will download the logs to tablet. The logs can be useful when troubleshooting the system.
PDP User's Guide Methodology 5. Methodology This chapter explains the basic theory, use scenarios and methodology for using PDP. NOTE: Since PDP measures surface reflection, do not use this during rain or on wet pavement as this will produce incorrect values. PDP is intended for use on fresh asphalt. 5.1 Importance of density measurements The life of asphalt pavement has been demonstrated to be dependent on the consistency and uniformity of paving.
PDP User's Guide Methodology 1. Determine simple pavement variability using permittivity (K) data. 2. Determine pavement density variability using permittivity (K) transformed to density. 3. Determine site specific pavement density where permittivity (K) is transformed to ‘true’ density using field cores to obtain a conversion relationship. Each method is explained below: 5.3.
PDP User's Guide Methodology Figure 5-1: Sample plot showing K vs. position This will already provide an indication of anomalous regions. For further investigation in areas where K is noticeably high or low, move the PDP to those areas and obtain stationary measurements of K. 5.3.2 Transforming Dielectric Permittivity (K) to density For some users, seeing the data from the PDP in actual density units is helpful as density is the standard asphalt variability measurement.
PDP User's Guide Methodology Figure 5-2: Sample plot of density vs. position The user can immediately see areas of high and low density. For further investigation, move the PDP to those areas and obtain stationary measurements. The system generates a histogram report showing the variation in density. If any cores are obtained where PDP data is collected, the data can be “corrected” by applying a density offset (under the Parameters button).
PDP User's Guide Methodology for the site specific relationship between K and density (details in Appendix G:). The PDP Toolkit PC Software is provided with the PDP system to carry out this computation which results in site specific coefficients A, B and C as well as the user defined maximum density. The values of A, B and C and maximum density are entered into the PDP and the PDP will display site specific density.
PDP User's Guide Methodology 54
PDP User's Guide Exporting Data 6. Exporting Data When data is collected, whether in Profile or Stationary mode, the files created reside on the PDP sensor itself. To transfer the data to a computer, the data must first be downloaded from the PDP to the tablet, then exported on a USB drive, which can then be inserted into a computer. 6.1 Downloading Data In Tools, under the File Management tab, all the files that are on the PDP are listed (Figure 6-1).
PDP User's Guide Exporting Data Figure 6-2: Viewing the downloaded files in Windows Explorer Insert a USB drive into the port on the tablet. Copy the file from the Downloads directory to USB drive. The USB can now be inserted into a computer. 6.2 Downloaded files Insert the USB into a computer. You will first need to extract the files from the .zip file that is downloaded. Double click on that file, or right-click and select Extract All.
PDP User's Guide Exporting Data For every PDP Line that was collected, you will have the following files in the Lineset directory, where X is the line number: • Line.csv – contains details about the collection, such as date, time, collection and trigger modes, descriptive file name. If the data was collected in Profile mode, for every trace position, it will list the values of the five data types.
PDP User's Guide Exporting Data Figure 6-3: Summary report for a Stationary line 58
PDP User's Guide Exporting Data Profile Plot The plot for a Profile line is shown in Figure 6-4. The total line length was 14.8m, and since a data sample is taken every 0.1m, a total of 149 measurements were taken. Since Density was chosen as the parameter to display, the histogram plot shows the distribution of density for the 149 measurements. A complete Profile view of density vs. position is shown, starting on page 2 (Figure 6-5).
PDP User's Guide Exporting Data Figure 6-4: Summary report for a Profile Line – page 1 60
PDP User's Guide Exporting Data Figure 6-5: Summary report for a Profile line – page 2 61
PDP User's Guide 6.4 Exporting Data Formatting USB Sticks There may be times when a USB stick is not recognized by the tablet. In this case, you may need to format the USB stick. Ensure that it’s formatted as FAT/FAT32. Also ensure that there are no hidden or write-protected partitions on the USB drive. If the problem persists after formatting, try another USB stick.
PDP User's Guide Troubleshooting & Product Care 7. Troubleshooting & Product Care The PDP system is designed to minimize user problems; however, all electronic devices are subject to possible failure. The following are also troubleshooting hints which can be referred to if your system fails to operate. 7.1 Battery The most common problem that can occur while trying to run the system is insufficient power, usually from a dead battery.
PDP User's Guide Troubleshooting & Product Care 1) The cable connectors need to stay clean and free of dust and moisture. Use a brush or air spray to clean dust, lint and other foreign particles from these connectors. 2) After working in rainy conditions, disconnect the cables and check for water in the receptacles. Remove the water or allow to air dry, if necessary. Never allow the system to sit in rainy conditions for long periods of time. Cables are not covered by the warranty.
PDP User's Guide Parts & Components 8.
PDP User's Guide Parts & Components 66
PDP User's Guide Technical Specifications 9. Technical Specifications Hardware Weight and dimensions Dimension (L x W x H): 145 x 84 x 118 cm (57 x 33 x 46 in) Weight (including Tablet, Sensor and Cart): 14.2 kg (31.3 lbs) Screen size: 10.1-inch display with LED Backlight Display (Rugged Tablet PC) Dimension (L x W x H): 27.2 x 19.7 x 1.9 cm (10.7 x 7.76 x 0.7 in) Weight: 1.2 kg (2.64 lbs) Footprint size (Fresnel Zone) 30 cm (11.
PDP User's Guide Technical Specifications Measurement Specifications Reference HDPE relative permittivity accuracy (K = 2.30) Single location relative permittivity repeatability ±0.04 ±1.5% PDP is factory calibrated and can be quickly validated in the field with the provided validation procedures.
PDP User’s Guide Appendix A:Health & Safety Certification Health & Safety Certification Radio frequency electromagnetic fields may pose a health hazard when the fields are intense. Normal fields have been studied extensively over the past 30 years with no conclusive epidemiology relating electromagnetic fields to health problems. Detailed discussions on the subject are contained in the references at the end of this Appendix.
PDP User’s Guide Appendix A:Health & Safety Certification References 1. Questions and answers about biological effects and potential hazards of radio-frequency electromagnetic field. USA Federal Communications Commission, Office of Engineering & Technology OET Bulletin 56 (Contains many references and web sites) 2. Evaluation Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields.
PDP User’s Guide Appendix B:GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations All governments have regulations on the level of electromagnetic emissions that an electronic apparatus can emit. The objective is to assure that one apparatus or device does not interfere with any other apparatus or device in such a way as to make the other apparatus non-functional.
PDP User’s Guide Appendix B:GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations construction. Parties operating this equipment must be eligible for licensing under the provisions of Part 90 of this chapter. FCC Interpretation of Operation Restrictions issued July 12, 2002 (FCC Order DA02-1658, paragraph 9) The regulations contain restrictions on the parties that are eligible to operate imaging systems (See 47 C.F.R. 5.509(b), 15.511(b), and 15.513(b)).
PDP User’s Guide Appendix B:GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations of the UWB device. If the imaging device is intended to be used for mobile applications, the geographical area(s) of operation may be the state(s) or county(ies) in which the equipment will be operated. The operator of an imaging system used for fixed operation shall supply a specific geographical location or the address at which the equipment will be operated.
PDP User’s Guide Appendix B:GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations The information to be submitted for coordination takes the form listed below. This is a general example; the correct FCC ID to be submitted for coordination on the regulatory label on your device. Please use the FCC ID from the product when submitting a coordination request.
PDP User’s Guide B-2 Appendix B:GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations ETSI Regulations for the EC (European Community) In the European Community (EC), GPR instruments must conform to ETSI (European Technical Standards Institute) standard EN 302 066-1 v1.2.1. Details on individual country requirements for licensing are coordinated with this standard. For more information, contact Sensors & Software’s technical staff.
PDP User’s Guide Appendix B:GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations B-3a Industry Canada Regulations - English Industry Canada published it regulations for ground penetrating radar (GPR) on Mar 29, 2009 as part of the RSS-220 titled 'Devices Using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Technology'. Industry Canada has made a unique exception for GPR by not requiring user licensing.
PDP User’s Guide Appendix B:GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations B-3b Règlement d'Industrie Canada - Français Industrie Canada a publié des règlements pour les appareils géoradar (GPR) le 29 mars 2009, dans le cadre du RSS-220 intitulé "Dispositifs utilisant la bande ultralarge (UWB)". Industrie Canada a faite une exception unique pour GPR en n'exigeant pas de licence par utilisateur.
PDP User’s Guide Appendix B:GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations B-8
PDP User’s Guide Appendix C:Instrument Interference Instrument Interference Immunity regulations place the onus on instrument/apparatus/device manufacturers to assure that extraneous interference will not unduly cause an instrument/apparatus/device to stop functioning or to function in a faulty manner. Based on independent testing house measurements, Sensors & Software Inc. systems comply with such regulations in Canada, USA, European Community and most other jurisdictions.
PDP User’s Guide Appendix C:Instrument Interference C-2
PDP User’s Guide Appendix D:Safety around Explosive Devices Safety around Explosive Devices Concerns are expressed from time to time on the hazard of GPR products being used near blasting caps and unexploded ordnance (UXO). Experience with blasting caps indicates that the power of Sensors & Software Inc.’s GPR products is not sufficient to trigger blasting caps.
PDP User’s Guide Appendix D:Safety around Explosive Devices D-2
PDP User’s Guide Appendix E:Wi-Fi Module Wi-Fi Module FCC Notice: NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
PDP User’s Guide Appendix E:Wi-Fi Module E-2
PDP User’s Guide Appendix F:Calibration Calibration This Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) system has been manufactured according to Sensors & Software’s strict quality standards. All components used in the manufacture of this product are obtained from qualified vendors. This product has been through a stringent set of tests to ensure all quality requirements are met which includes final system calibration and configuration. This system is equipped with built-in diagnostic tests.
PDP User’s Guide Appendix F:Calibration F-2
PDP User’s Guide Appendix G:Converting Permittivity to Density Converting Permittivity to Density The relationship between permittivity and density is a function of many variables, namely, the properties of the binder and the properties of the aggregate. As a result, the permittivity to density conversion must address these factors. Site specific conversion of permittivity, K, to density 𝜌 can expressed in many ways.
PDP User’s Guide Appendix G:Converting Permittivity to Density compaction and air-void ratio. To measure the maximum density, the material has to be formed or compressed to a state with no air. This is normally done at a materials testing lab.
PDP User’s Guide Appendix H:Glossary Glossary Below is an explanation of terminology used in PDP. For a full glossary of GPRspecific terms, please visit: https://www.sensoft.ca/glossary-of-gpr-terms/ Air Void Content – expressed as a percentage of how much of the volume in the asphalt is air. AASHTO – short for American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. This group sets technical standards for design and construction of roads, bridges and associated materials.
PDP User’s Guide Appendix H:Glossary Normalized density – sometimes called relative density or compaction, expresses the density measured as a percentage of the site-specific maximum density Maximum Density – the maximum given density possible for a given sample of asphalt, assuming there are no air voids (in other words 100% compacted) Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) – using non-invasive technologies to examine a specimen.
PDP User’s Guide Appendix B:GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations B-4 Emissions Reduction in Operation All regulations make reference to a requirement that the GPR device automatically cease emitting signals within 10s of a operator terminating measurments. Sensors & Software products are all operated under computer control. If no data are requested by the operator, UWB emmisions do not occur and sources are not active. All systems are designed to eliminate un-needed UWB emissions.
PDP User’s Guide Appendix B:GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations B-4 Emissions Reduction in Operation All regulations make reference to a requirement that the GPR device automatically cease emitting signals within 10s of a operator terminating measurments. Sensors & Software products are all operated under computer control. If no data are requested by the operator, UWB emmisions do not occur and sources are not active. All systems are designed to eliminate un-needed UWB emissions.
