Noggin User’s Guide Copyright 2011 Sensors & Software Inc.
SENSORS & SOFTWARE INC. PRODUCT LICENCE, COPYRIGHT, LIABILITY AND WARRANTY INFORMATION Important Please read this document carefully before removing the SOFTWARE PRODUCT storage media from their protective cover or assembling the HARDWARE PRODUCT. By removing the storage media or assembling the hardware, you are agreeing to be bound by the terms of this agreement. If you do not agree to the terms of this agreement, promptly contact Sensors & Software, Inc.
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SmartCart Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 General Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 2 Assembling the SmartCart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 2.1 Configuring the SmartCart for a Different Noggin System . . . . . . . . . . . .8 2.2 Adding GPS to the SmartCart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 3 Digital Video Logger 3.1 . . . . . . . . .
ii Table of Contents SmartCart 4.2.4.3 Target of Known Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 4.2.4.4 Selecting a Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 4.2.4.5 Input a Velocity Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 4.2.5 Depth Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 4.3 4.2.6 Gain Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SmartCart Table of Contents 4.4.15 Linear Gain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 4.4.16 Arrow Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 4.4.17 Window Zooming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 4.4.18 GPS Setup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 4.4.19 Transfer Rate . . . . . . .
iv Table of Contents 5.2.7 SmartCart Collecting Data using the Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 5.2.7.1 Reducing Data Quality by Moving too Fast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 5.2.7.2 Backing up the Smart System to Pinpoint Target Positions . . . . .59 5.2.8 Collecting Data in Free Run Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 5.2.8.1 Controlling Data Collection Speed in Free Run Mode . . . . . . . . .60 5.2.8.
SmartCart 5.5 Table of Contents 5.4.1 Transferring Noggin Data to a PC using the Removable Drive . . . . . . . .90 5.4.2 Copying Noggin Data from the Internal Drive to the Removable Drive . .91 5.4.3 Transferring Noggin Data to a PC using the PXFER Cable . . . . . . . . . . .91 5.4.4 Viewing Data Files on the External Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 5.4.5 Deleting Data on the DVL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 Noggin Utilities . .
SmartCart Table of Contents Appendix A Noggin Data file Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 Appendix B Health & Safety Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1 Appendix C GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations . . . . . . C-1 C-1 FCC Regulations (USA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2 C-2 ETSI Regulations for the EC (European Community) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Noggin 1 1-General Overview General Overview Noggins are completely self-contained Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) systems. Once the unit has been assembled into its deployment configuration and powered up you can be carrying out a GPR survey in less than a minute. There are several different Noggin configurations available: the SmartCart, SmartHandle, SmartTow and the Rock Noggin.
2-Noggin Components 2 Noggin Noggin Components The Noggin family of GPR systems consists of the Noggin 100, 250, 500 and 1000. The basic configuration and key components of the Noggin 250, 500 and 1000 are shown in Figure 2-1 and Figure 2-2. The key components of the Noggin 100 are shown in Figure 2-3.
Noggin 2-Noggin Components Figure: 2-3 Noggin 100 components 3
3-Noggin 100 Assembly 3 Noggin Noggin 100 Assembly Unlike the higher frequency Noggins, the Noggin 100 comes with the antennas and electronics as separate units that need to be assembled. To assemble, space the 100 MHz antennas about 0.5 meters apart with the mounting blocks facing up. Figure: 3-1 Noggin 100 assembly of electronics to antenna. Place one end of the Noggin 100 electronics module over one of the antennas and press downward until it is seated.
Noggin 3-Noggin 100 Assembly Figure: 3-3 Latching the electronics to the antenna. Do the same to connect the electronics to the second antenna. See the complete assembly of the Noggin 100 in Figure 2-3.
4-SmartCart Assembly 4 Noggin SmartCart Assembly The SmartCart can be configured for operation with all Noggins (100, 250, 500 and 1000). The fully-assembled Noggin 250 in the SmartCart configuration is shown in Figure 5-1. The system is shown in field operation in Figure 5-2. Follow the directions below to assemble the configuration. Figure: 4-1 Fully assembled SmartCart with a Noggin 250. Figure: 4-2 Noggin 250 SmartCart (left) and Noggin 100 SmartCart (right) in operation.
Noggin 4-SmartCart Assembly 4.1 Unfold the Handle The Noggin SmartCart comes folded for transportation and storage (Figure 4-3). Figure: 4-3 SmartCart in collapsed position. To unfold the SmartCart, refer to Figure 4-4. Pull the ring to remove the handle Clevis pin from the handle support arm. Raise the handle support arm and then the handle and place the open end of the T-shaped tube on the handle onto the end of the support arm (Step 1).
4-SmartCart Assembly Noggin 4.2 Attach Wheels The SmartCart may have been shipped without the wheels attached or they may have been removed for storage. If this is the case, find the axle for each wheel, press the button on the end of the axle, and insert the axle through the wheel and into the SmartCart frame (Figure 4-5). Figure: 4-5 Attaching the wheel. With the system unfolded, make sure the small odometer wheel makes good contact with the side of the cart wheel.
Noggin 4-SmartCart Assembly 4.3 Attaching Separation Bars to the SmartCart The Noggin SmartCart can be configured to carry a Noggin 100, 250, 500 or 1000 system. Each system has a unique set of separation bars used to attach the Noggin to the SmartCart and suspend it over the surface (Figure 4-7). Noggin 100 Noggin 250 Figure: 4-7 The separation bars are attached to the SmartCart to carry the Noggin.
4-SmartCart Assembly Noggin 4.4 Attaching the Swivel Adapters (Noggin 250, 500 & 1000) Before the Noggin 250, 500 or 1000 can be attached to the SmartCart, the 4 swivel adapters (with attached Clevis pins) must be attached to the mounting posts on the Noggin (see Figure 21). The swivel adapters may have been attached to the Noggin at the factory. If not, follow the instructions below. Set the swivel adapter down on the post.
Noggin 4-SmartCart Assembly 4.5 Attaching the Noggin to the SmartCart The Noggin is attached to the cart with the long axis of the Noggin unit parallel to the wheels on the cart (see Figure 4-9 and Figure 4-10). Ensure the 37 socket female electrical receptacle on the Noggin faces the back of the cart so that the cable on the cart will reach the receptacle. 4.5.1 Noggin 250 Remove the Clevis pins from the swivel adapters.
4-SmartCart Assembly 4.5.2 Noggin Noggin 500 & Noggin 1000 Remove the Clevis pins from the swivel adapters. Now, on the bottom of the cart, locate the two, flat, moveable crossbars suspended from the frame of the cart. Notice that each crossbar has 2 holes, one on each side. To attach the Noggin 500 to the cart, place the crossbars into the slots on the top of the swivel adapters, line up the holes and insert the Clevis pins (Figure 4-10).
Noggin 4.5.3 4-SmartCart Assembly Noggin 100 Unlike the higher frequency Noggins, the Noggin 100 comes with the antennas and electronics as separate units that need to be assembled. Assemble the Noggin 100 electronics and antennas as shown in Section 3 Noggin 100 Assembly. Place the SmartCart over the Noggin 100, aligning the antenna post blocks on the frame with the antenna mounting posts on the 100 MHz antennas.
4-SmartCart Assembly Noggin Connect the 37 pin end of the Noggin-to-DVL cable to the receptacle on the Noggin 100 electronics and secure this attachment with the latch. The cable should have a little slack to reduce any stresses on the cable during data collection. Ensure that the cable does not sag and contact the electronics or antennas as this will cause noise in the data. Connect the yellow odometer cable to the receptacle on the Noggin end of the Noggin-to-DVL cable.
Noggin 4-SmartCart Assembly 4.6 Attach the Digital Video Logger (DVL) The bottom of the Digital Video Logger is designed to slide onto the support shelf attached to the SmartCart (Figure 4-14). Line up the bottom of the DVL with the shelf and slide it back onto the shelf. Push the DVL back far enough so that the flexible clip on the front of the shelf catches and holds the DVL firmly in place. Wiggle the DVL to make sure it is firmly snapped in before letting go of the unit.
4-SmartCart Assembly Noggin 4.7 Attach the Battery Unit The batteries usually used with the SmartCart are shown in Figure 10-1. Set the battery unit onto the lower inclined shelf on the back of the SmartCart (see Figure 4-15). The handle on the battery unit should be accessible from the back of the cart with the cable receptacle on the right. The battery unit should rest in this area without moving.
Noggin 4-SmartCart Assembly 4.8 Adding GPS Mount to the SmartCart The SmartCart has an optional bracket designed to hold a Trimble or Novatel GPS (see Figure 416). This bracket can be modified by the user to hold other types of GPS units. Any GPS unit with a serial output can be attached to the serial port on the back of the DVL and GPS information logged during data collection (see Section 8 ). For more details about configuring the GPS with a Noggin system, see Section 12.3.5 .
5-SmartTow Assembly 5 Noggin SmartTow Assembly All Noggins (100, 250, 500 and 1000) can be operated in the SmartTow configuration. 5.1 Noggin 100 The fully-assembled Noggin 100 in the SmartTow configuration is shown in Figure 5-1. The system is shown in field operation in Figure 5-2. Follow the directions below to assemble the configuration. Figure: 5-1 Noggin 100 SmartTow configuration. Figure: 5-2 Noggin 100 SmartTow configuration in use.
Noggin 5-SmartTow Assembly Assemble the Noggin 100 electronics and antennas as shown in Section 3 . The parts for the Noggin 100 SmartTow frame are shown in . Figure: 5-3 The Noggin 100 SmartTow frame parts (left) and assembled (right). Ensure the antenna post blocks face outward before assembling. The pieces are connected using the 4 thumb screws as shown in the figure below.
5-SmartTow Assembly Noggin Place the SmartTow frame over the Noggin 100, aligning the antenna post blocks on the frame with the antenna mounting posts on the 100 MHz antennas. Ensure the 37 socket cable connection on the Noggin 100 electronics faces the handle end of the frame and NOT the odometer end. Figure: 5-5 Place the SmartTow frame over the Noggin 100 system with the 8 antenna mounting posts inserted in the post blocks.
Noggin 5-SmartTow Assembly Latch the 37 pin end of the Noggin-to-DVL cable to the receptacle on the Noggin 100 and use the velcro straps to secure the cable to the handle (Figure 5-7). The cable should have a little slack to reduce any stresses on the cable during data collection. Ensure that the cable does not sag and contact the electronics or antennas as this will cause noise in the data. Connect the yellow odometer cable to the receptacle on the Noggin end of the Noggin-to-DVL cable.
5-SmartTow Assembly Noggin 5.2 Noggin 250 The fully-assembled Noggin 250 in the SmartTow configuration is shown in Figure 5-1. The system is shown in field operation in Figure 5-2. Follow the directions below to assemble the configuration. Figure: 5-8 Noggin 250 SmartTow system Figure: 5-9 Noggin 250 SmartTow in operation. Note the belt battery used to power the system.
Noggin 5-SmartTow Assembly Attach one of the SmartTow Bracket Assemblies to the two front mounting posts on the Noggin 250 and secure with the metal pins. Attach the second SmartTow Bracket Assembly to the two back mounting posts on the Noggin 250 and secure with the metal pins. Connect the large black cable to the Noggin 37-pin female connector and latch into place, ensuring the cable lies on top of the back SmartTow Bracket Assembly.
5-SmartTow Assembly Noggin The yellow cable from the odometer connects to the receptacle on the connector to the Noggin. Odometer calibration is critical for accurate data images. Odometer calibration instructions are available in Section 12.5.2 Odometer Calibration. Attach the handle to the front SmartTow Bracket Assembly with the U-brackets and pins. The black cable should lie between the SmartTow Bracket and the handle. Secure the cable along the side of the handle using 2 or 3 Velcro straps.
Noggin 5-SmartTow Assembly 5.3 Noggin 500 and 1000 The fully-assembled Noggin 500 in the SmartTow configuration is shown in Figure 5-10. Follow the directions below to assemble the configuration.
5-SmartTow Assembly Noggin The parts for the Noggin 500/100 SmartTow Brackets are shown below. Align the two holes on one of the SmartTow Brackets with the two mounting posts on one side of the Noggin, press down firmly and secure with the short metal pins. Then attach the second SmartTow bracket to the other side of the Noggin and secure with the short metal pins.
Noggin 5-SmartTow Assembly Attach the handle to the front of the SmartTow Brackets with the U-brackets and log metal pins. The handle should be attached on the end of the Noggin away from the 37 socket cable connection. Connect the large black Noggin-to-DVL cable to the 37-socket connector on the Noggin and latch into place, ensuring the cable is looped to provide some slack and it is routed along the top of the SmartTow bracket.
5-SmartTow Assembly Noggin The large odometer wheel attaches on the end of the Noggin with the 37-socket connector. Use the U-brackets and log metal pins to secure the odometer T-bar to the SmartTow Brackets. Orient the odometer so the black thumbscrew on the T-bar is facing upwards and the yellow odometer cable is on the same side of the odometer wheel as the odometer receptacle on the Noggin cable connection.
Noggin 6 6-SmartHandle Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) SmartHandle Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) The Noggin 500 and 1000 can be operated in the SmartHandle configuration. The fully assembled Noggin 500 SmartHandle system is shown in Figure 6-1. The Noggin 1000 SmartHandle system looks very similar. Figure: 6-1 Noggin 500 SmartHandle system. Normally the SmartHandle system is used in the “push” configuration shown in Figure 6-1. In some situations the “pull” configuration may be a more desirable.
6-SmartHandle Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Noggin Figure: 6-2 Slide the Noggin odometer bracket over the four, silver mounting posts for both the Noggin 1000 (top) and Noggin 500 (bottom). Figure: 6-3 Connect the 37 pin connector on the Noggin-to-DVL cable to the 37 socket receptacle on the Noggin unit by tightening the latch. Figure: 6-4 On the Noggin-to-DVL cable, note the round receptacle on the back of the connector that attaches to the Noggin unit.
Noggin 6-SmartHandle Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Figure: 6-5 Press the handle base straight down onto the four, silver mounting posts. The handle base should be pushed all the way down onto the odometer bracket. Insert the four quick release pins to secure the handle. Figure: 6-6 The full-length SmartHandle is shown in Figure 6-1. The SmartHandle can be shortened by removing the center handle section using the thumb-screws.
6-SmartHandle Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Noggin 6.1 SmartHandle “Pull” Configuration In some situations, conditions may dictate that pushing the SmartHandle system (Figure 6-1) is not practical. An alternative configuration is to pull the SmartHandle system (Figure 6-7). To do this, remove the 4 quick-release pins that hold the handle to the Noggin system, remove the handle by pulling straight up and rotate the handle so that it faces the other direction.
Noggin 7 7-Rock Noggin Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Rock Noggin Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Assembly of the Rock Noggin system for both the Noggin 500 and the Noggin 1000 is described in this section. The Rock Noggin 500 system is shown in Figure 7-1. The Rock Noggin 1000 system looks very similar when assembled. Figure: 7-1 The Rock Noggin system (left) and in use (right).
7-Rock Noggin Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Noggin The Rock Noggin shipping case contains the complete Rock Noggin system (see Figure 7-2). Rock Noggin systems are shipped from the factory partially assembled with the frame and DVLto-Noggin cable already attached to the Noggin unit (see Figure 7-3). If your system is already partially assembled, skip to Figure 7-11. Detailed assembly starts at Figure 7-4.
Noggin 7-Rock Noggin Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Figure: 7-4 The Rock Noggin system disassembled into its basic components and ready for assembly. From left to right are the belt battery, the Noggin, the cable (in front), the frame and the Digital Video Logger (DVL). More details of each component are given in the figures below. Figure: 7-5 The Rock Noggin cable. The 4 connections are for the Noggin, the Digital Video Logger (DVL), the trigger button and the battery.
7-Rock Noggin Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Noggin Figure: 7-6 The Noggin used with the Rock Noggin can be either a Noggin 500 (shown here) or a Noggin 1000. The connections are identical for both systems. The 4 silver mounting posts visible here are used when attaching the frame to the Noggin (see Figure 7-8). Figure: 7-7 The Rock Noggin frame. On the bottom of the right handle, note the grey speaker that is used to sound an audible tone as data are collected.
Noggin 7-Rock Noggin Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Figure: 7-8 Using the 4 holes on the bottom of the Rock Noggin frame, place the frame on the 4 mounting posts on the top of the Noggin (shown in Figure 7-6). Push the frame down until it cannot go any further. The Noggin should be oriented such that the 37 socket receptacle on the Noggin is on the same side as the Smart button on the frame. Figure: 7-9 Secure the frame to the Noggin by pushing the 4 clevis pins into the holes on the frame as shown.
7-Rock Noggin Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Noggin Figure: 7-10 Attach the end of the cable with the 37 pin (male) connection to the Noggin. Use a slotted screwdriver to tighten the connection. Figure: 7-11 Attach the Digital Video Logger to the frame.
Noggin 7-Rock Noggin Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Attach the Digital Video Logger (DVL): The bottom of the Digital Video Logger is designed to slide onto the support shelf attached to the Rock Noggin frame (see Figure 7-11). Line up the bottom of the Digital Video Logger with the shelf and slide it back onto the shelf. Push the Digital Video Logger back far enough so that the flexible clip on the front of the shelf catches and holds the Digital Video Logger firmly in place.
7-Rock Noggin Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Noggin Figure: 7-14 The last connection on the cable is a cylindrical, 4 pin connector for the battery. Figure: 7-15 The Rock Noggin system is now completely assembled and ready to be turned on.
Noggin 8 8-Connecting GPS Connecting GPS For all Noggin configurations, a GPS with a serial output cable can be attached directly to the 9pin serial port on the back of the DVL (Figure 8-1). The DVL can be configured to read in the GPS data and store it along with the GPR data (Section 12.3.5 GPS Parameters). Figure: 8-1 GPS connect to the back of the DVL using a serial connection. GPS supplied with IceMap come with a battery splitter cable to power the GPS from the IceMap battery.
9-Digital Video Logger (DVL) 9 Noggin Digital Video Logger (DVL) Data acquisition is controlled by the Digital Video Logger (DVL). The DVL has software to set survey parameters, collect, display and store data. 9.1 Compact Flash Drive The DVL has both an internal and a removable compact flash drive. The DVL firmware resides on the internal drive. Data can be saved to either the internal or removable drive (Figure 9-1).
Noggin 9-Digital Video Logger (DVL) 9.2 DVL Temperatures It is very important that the DVL only be operated when it can be kept warmer than -10 C otherwise sensitive electronic components including the LCD screen may freeze. Never start the DVL after it has been exposed to cold temperatures. If the DVL will be operating in temperatures below -10 C, it should be kept in a wind-proof box insulated with styrofoam or textiles and heated with hand-warmer packs, if necessary.
9-Digital Video Logger (DVL) Noggin 9.3 Running a DVL Detached from a Smart System When collecting data with a Smart System, the DVL is powered by the system battery. It is possible to detach the DVL from the Smart System and use it away from the system to review data. There are 2 ways to power the DVL away from the Smart System: 1) The optional DVL to Power Supply Cable allows the user to power the DVL away from the Smart System using the system battery.
Noggin 9-Digital Video Logger (DVL) 9.5 Connecting the DVL to the Smart System Attach the end of the DVL-to-Noggin cable with the 37-socket female D-connector to the 37-pin receptacle on the back of the DVL. This attachment can be secured by tightening the latch. Figure: 9-3 The DVl-to-Noggin cable connects to the back of the DVL.
10-Powering Up the System Noggin 10 Powering Up the System Once all the cable connections are made between the Noggin, the Digital Video Logger (DVL) and any accessories like odometers and GPS’s, the final step is to connect the system to a 12 volt power source, typically one of the batteries shown in Figure 10-1. Figure: 10-1 Batteries for Noggin Smart Systems: SmartCart batteries (left) and belt battery (right).
Noggin 10-Powering Up the System Figure: 10-2 Digital Video Logger (DVL) face At this stage, the Noggin unit will still be powered down. Once Noggin action is requested (see later menu items), the DVL will enable power to the Noggin. If the Noggin is receiving power, the red LED light on the connector to the Noggin will be illuminated. The water-resistant membrane keypad has a number of buttons that can be pressed to perform various tasks.
10-Powering Up the System Noggin A – LOCATE & MARK B – SURVEY & MAP 1 – CONTACT US 3 - SWITCH MENU 5 – POWER OFF 12.1 V 38°C 100°F 02-0181-03?? • Pressing the A button enters Locate & Mark mode (see Section 11: P.49). • Pressing the B button enters Survey & Map mode (see Section 12: P.67). • Pressing the 1 button displays contact information for Sensors & Software Inc.
Noggin 11-Locate & Mark Mode 11 Locate & Mark Mode Selecting Locate & Mark from the main menu will display the System Settings screen. 11.1 System Settings Screen 11.1.1 Scan Press the Scan button to start scanning (see Section 3.3). 11.1.2 Language Select the language for the menus. Current options are English or Icons. This section generally uses the English menus. See Section 3.7?? for a chart showing all the equivalent icons.
11-Locate & Mark Mode Noggin 11.1.3 Units Units for the Position Axis, Depth Axis and Depth Indicator can be either Meters or Feet. 11.1.4 Scale The Scale button toggles to four different Scale options: 1) Lines means Depth Lines are plotted on the data image to assist with determining the depth of targets (also see Section 3.3).
Noggin 11-Locate & Mark Mode 3) Both means both Depth Lines and Values are plotted on the data image: 4) Off means no Depth Lines and Values are plotted on the data image. 11.1.5 Date Opens the Date Screen to change the current date (see Section 3.5). Images are saved with this date. 11.1.6 Time Opens the Time Screen to change the current date (see Section 3.5). Images are saved with this time. 11.1.7 Power Off Opens a sub-menu to confirm powering off the system.
11-Locate & Mark Mode Noggin 11.1.8 System Information The top of the Systems Setting Screen displays the serial number of the GPR sensor, the software version number, the GPR Sensor frequency (in MHz) and the current battery voltage.
Noggin 11-Locate & Mark Mode 11.2 Scanning Screen After pressing the Scan button, wait a few seconds for the vertical depth scale to appear on the right side of the screen, and then push the Cart forward. A cross-sectional image of the ground scrolls onto the screen from the right to left. The position is displayed on the horizontal axis at the top while the depth is displayed on the vertical axis.
11-Locate & Mark Mode Noggin Pressing the Pause button opens the Image Settings Screen to change the current Color Palette, Depth, Filter and Gain (see Section 3.5). Stopping and pulling the cart backwards along the same path automatically opens the Locating Screen (See Section 3.4) used to pinpoint the position and depth of a target.
Noggin 11-Locate & Mark Mode 11.3 Locating Screen The Locating Screen is accessed by stopping and pulling the cart backwards while scanning. The cursor moves over the image and menu options appear at the bottom of the screen. 11.3.1 Locating Cursor The Cursor consists of 3 parts: Position IndicatorVertical cross-hair is tied to the odometer and corresponds to the location at the center of the GPR sensor.
11-Locate & Mark Mode Noggin 11.3.2 Soil Type To obtain an accurate depth axis and depth estimations of targets in the GPR image, a Soil Type Calibration must be performed. Soil Type Calibration can be done 3 ways: 1) Matching the shape of a target arch, 2) Using a target at a known depth, or 3) Using the moisture level of the soil. 11.3.2.1 Matching a Target Arch Targets like pipes, cables, buried artefacts, tree roots and rocks generate arch-shaped responses on the GPR image.
Noggin 11-Locate & Mark Mode To determine the Soil Type using a Target Arch: 1) With a target arch visible on the image, back the cart up until the Position Indicator is centered on the target arch in the GPR image; preferably one with long tails because this provides the most accurate soil type calibration. 2) As you slow down and stop, the Indicator Arch will appear on the data image.
11-Locate & Mark Mode Noggin 4) Press the Soil Type button and toggle through the five different soil types to find the one that roughly fits the shape of the Indicator Arch to the shape of the Target Arch. 5) Use the Wide and Narrow Arch buttons to change the shape of the Indicator Arch to match the shape of the Target Arch on the GPR image. The depth of the target is indicated on the bottom left. 6) Press the Apply button to save the Soil Type and update the Depth Axis on the Scanning Screen.
Noggin 3) 11-Locate & Mark Mode Once the depth is matched, save the Soil Type value by pressing the Save button. 11.3.2.3 Soil Moisture If a good target arch or a target of known depth is not available, the user will have to estimate the Soil Type. The soil type is most strongly affected by water so the soil type options relate to the amount of water in the soil. Change the soil type by pressing the Soil Moisture button until the option that best describes the soil in the area is displayed.
11-Locate & Mark Mode Noggin 11.4 Image Settings Screen The Image Settings Screen is accessed by pressing the Pause (||) button while in the Scanning Screen or the Locating Screen. Menu options appear along the bottom of the screen: 11.4.1 Scan To exit from the Image Settings Screen and resume Scanning, press the Scan button or the Pause (||) button again (to unPause). The Scanning Screen returns at the current location with the position information preserved.
Noggin 11-Locate & Mark Mode 11.4.2 Clear Image Deletes the current data image on the display. 11.4.3 Color GPR images are displayed in colors corresponding to a color palette. In general, stronger GPR signals appear in stronger colors. A number of different color palettes are available to display the image. Some color palettes may show the target better than others.
11-Locate & Mark Mode Noggin 11.4.4 Gain Since GPR signals are absorbed by the material being scanned, deeper targets have weaker signals. Gain acts like an audio volume control, amplifying the signals and making deeper targets appear stronger in the image. The Gain varies from 1 to 9 with 1 being no gain and 9 being the maximum gain. As the Gain changes, the current image on the display updates so it is not necessary to re-collect an image with a different gain setting.
Noggin 11-Locate & Mark Mode 11.4.5 Filter The filter has the effect of removing flat-lying reflections in the image and enhancing the dipping reflections and arches usually caused by targets. It can also assist in identifying very shallow targets that might be masked by the strong signals at the top of the image. The Filter defaults to ON, so if you are looking for a layer or other flat-lying target, turn the Filter OFF. The image below shows the same scan with the Filter OFF and ON.
11-Locate & Mark Mode Noggin 11.4.6 Depth The depth setting is an estimate of the total depth displayed on the Scanning Screen based on the current Soil Type setting. The depth setting ranges from 1 to 8 meters. The system always collects data to a depth of approximately 8 meters but the Depth setting on this menu determines how much of the data is displayed on the screen.
Noggin 11-Locate & Mark Mode 11.5 Changing the Date and Time From the System Settings Screen, select the Date option. The Time option is similar. Use the Left and Right Arrow buttons to highlight the number to change in red. Increase the number using the Up Arrow and decrease the number using the Down Arrow. Pressing OK saves the new date or time and exits the screen. Pressing Cancel exits the screen without saving the date or time.
11-Locate & Mark Mode Noggin 11.6 English and Equivalent Icons 11.6.1 System Settings Screen Menu 11.6.2 Locating Screen Menu 11.6.3 Image Settings Screen Menu 11.6.
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode 12 Survey & Map Mode The Survey & Map main menu has the following choices: 12.1 Survey & Map Menu 12.1.1 Line Survey lines collected with the Noggin are saved as digital data files that can be viewed on the DVL or exported to an external computer for processing and plotting. Sensors & Software programs like EKKO_View, EKKO_Mapper and EKKO_3D are available to process and display the data. Pressing the A button from the main Noggin menu takes the user to Line data collection.
12-Survey & Map Mode Noggin Grid collection involves collecting data in an organized pattern over an area. This type of data acquisition allows the GPR data to be presented as plan maps with the EKKO_Mapper software or 3D volumes with the EKKO_Mapper 3D software. For inexperienced surveyors, laying out a grid with straight lines and all the corners at 90 degree angles can be difficult. Sensors & Software provides a product called EasyGrid to make laying out an accurate grid simple.
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode e) Determine how much space is left on the DVL (see Section 12.5.5: P.111). f) For the optional PXFER cable used to transfer data from the DVL to a PC, set the PXFER Transfer Mode to Normal or Turbo (see Section 12.5.6: p.111) 12.1.7 Set Storage Drive This setting controls how data are saved on the DVL. The available options are: 1) Internal: If this setting is selected, the data are saved to the internal compact flash drive in the DVL.
12-Survey & Map Mode Noggin 12.2 Data Acquisition Selecting the Line, Grid or Run without Saving Data options from the main Noggin menu will start data acquisition. The Run without Saving Option goes straight to data acquisition while the Line and Grid options require the user to select a project number, file number and press Run before data acquisition begins. If the Auto Start option is set to ON (see Section 12.3.2.3: p.
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode 12.2.2 Screen Overview The data acquisition screen is shown in Figure 12-1. It is divided into 3 sections. Figure: 12-1 Noggin Data Acquisition Screen The Noggin screen is shown in Figure 12-1. It is divided into 3 sections. The top section provides positioning information. The center section contains the actual data and the bottom section contains the menu. 12.2.
12-Survey & Map Mode Noggin 12.2.4 Data Display This section contains the actual data collected or replayed. The section also contains the Depth Lines and any Fiducial Markers the user enters. See the sections below for more details. 12.2.4.1 Depth Lines Depth lines are horizontal lines indicating the estimated depth. They are very useful for getting depth estimates to features of interest in the data. The Depth Lines are controlled by the current velocity value as well as the depth selected.
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode 5) 6) The Repeat Trace Number which indicates when the system is being moved too fast (see Section 12.2.7: P.74) and The Calib button for calibrating the velocity setting (see Section 12.2.11: P.79). If a GPS receiver is attached to the DVL (see Section 12.3.5: P.103) a message will appear in the bottom left corner of the menu indicating whether the GPS data is successfully being logged.
12-Survey & Map Mode Noggin Figure: 12-2 Effects of the Gain setting Note that the gain setting is only for data display. The data are always saved without any gain applied. It is not possible to collect Noggin data with an “incorrect” gain setting. If the user finds that they are always using very high or very low gain settings to see the data adequately, the user may want to adjust the Linear Gain setting under Setup (see Linear Time Gain on page 88). 12.2.
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode The odometer should be periodically re-calibrated to ensure accuracy. The procedure for recalibrating the odometer is described in Section 12.5.2: P.110. 12.2.7.1 Reducing Data Quality by Moving too Fast On the lower part of the data acquisition screen, beside the current total number of traces collected is the total number of traces skipped.
12-Survey & Map Mode Noggin When the Smart System is used in Free Run mode, it is up to the user to keep track of positioning by some other method, for example, a measuring tape, using fiducial markers (see Fiducial Markers on page 72) or GPS (see Section 12.3.5: P.103). In this mode, data collection is dependent on two factors, 1) the speed that the Noggin system is collecting data and 2) the speed the Noggin system is moving. 12.2.8.
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode In Trigger Button mode, the system “beeps” as each trace is collected. The length of the beep will depend on the number of stacks (the more stacks, the longer it takes to collect a trace and therefore the longer the beep). When the Smart System is used in Trigger Button Mode, it is up to the user to keep track of positioning by some other method, for example, using a measuring tape, fiducial markers (see Fiducial Markers on page 72) or GPS (see Section 12.3.5: P.103).
12-Survey & Map Mode Noggin To see how much data can be collected before the DVL memory is full and data must be deleted or downloaded, see DVL Recording Space in Section 12.5.5: P.111.
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode 12.2.11 Calib. (Calibration) Menu Noggin systems can be used to scan into many different materials including soil, rock, concrete, snow, ice and wood. The radio wave emitted by a Noggin system will travel at different velocities depending on the material being scanned. The depth value (see Section 12.3.1: P.84) and on Depth Lines (see Section 12.2.4: P.72) are only accurate if the system has been properly calibrated to determine the velocity of the material being scanned.
12-Survey & Map Mode Noggin With the hyperbola visible on the DVL screen, select the hyperbola (∩) button. This will superimpose a hyperbola on the data. This hyperbola can be moved up (!), down ("), left (#) and right ($) using the appropriate arrow buttons. The goal is move the hyperbola until it lies on top of the hyperbola in the data (see Figure 12-4).
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode 12.2.11.2Identifying Air Reflections Some hyperbolic reflections can also be caused by objects not in the subsurface such as fences, overhead wires and, in some conditions, even large trees. An important part of data interpretation is learning to recognize these unwanted “air” events and differentiate them from the desired subsurface events. Good field notes are indispensable for helping identify unwanted events on the data.
12-Survey & Map Mode Noggin 12.2.11.3Target of Known Depth If there are no suitable hyperbolas visible in the data to perform the Hyperbola Matching described above, it may be the situation that there is a target of known depth in the area being scanned. If this is the case, selecting the button with the circle with a horizontal line through it will superimpose a horizontal line on the data. This line can then be moved up or down until it lies on top of the Noggin response to the known target.
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode 12.2.12 Error Messages If an error occurs during data acquisition, an error message will appear in the bottom left section of the data acquisition screen. Note the message number, exit the program and turn off the Digital Video Logger. Make sure the cables are not damaged and that all cable connections are tightly secured. Sometimes vibrations cause the cable connections to loosen just a bit and break contact and this can cause errors.
12-Survey & Map Mode Noggin 12.3 Noggin Setup Pressing the number 1 on the main menu selects the Setup item. Setup lists the various parameters that can be edited. These parameters are organized under the following headings: 1 - System Parameters 2 - Cart Parameters 3 - Line Parameters 4 - Grid Parameters 5 – GPS Parameters 6 – Set Defaults To select a setting to edit, press the corresponding number button. Then use the numbered buttons to select the new setting.
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode 12.3.1.2 Velocity The wave velocity depends on the properties of the material. The Noggin software allows the user to input a velocity, which changes the total time window collected by the system. See Section 12.2.11: P.79 for a discussion about determining velocity. A table of typical radar velocities in various materials is given below. If in doubt, use a value of 0.10 m/ns. This is a good average velocity that will provide a good estimate of depth in most situations.
12-Survey & Map Mode Noggin 3) Noggin 500 4) Noggin 1000 12.3.1.5 Stacks Some materials tend to absorb radar signals and limit penetration. These materials are said to be lossy. When collecting data in lossy areas or areas with a lot of radio frequency noise, one way of increasing data quality is to collect more than one trace at each survey position, average them and save the averaged trace. This is known as “stacking”.
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode DynaQ is an advanced, patented technology that dynamically adjusts stacking as the system movement speed varies. In most situations, moving the system at a comfortable speed stacks enough to generate data of good quality. In situations where target resolution or maximum penetration depth is critical, moving slower increases the number of stacks and increases the data quality.
12-Survey & Map Mode Noggin 12.3.1.6 Linear Time Gain As described in Section 12.2.6: P.73, the weak signals must be amplified or “gained” to see them on the display. The Gain button described in Section 12.2.6: P.73 can be set to a value from 1 to 9 depending on the amount of gain required (1 is lowest gain, 9 is highest gain). There is also a second level of gain available to the user and that is the Linear Gain setting. The default Linear Gain setting of 2.
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode 12.3.2 Cart Parameters The Cart Parameters settings allow the user to view and modify settings specific to the Smart System. This includes the direction the Noggin will move to collect data, whether or not the odometer is active and whether Auto Start is on or off. 12.3.2.1 Cart Direction This setting determines whether data are collected as the Noggin is pushed forward or pulled in reverse. The back up arrow (see Section 12.2.7: P.
12-Survey & Map Mode Noggin After the user selects this option, a menu appears to select the number of stacks for each trace (for more details on Stacking, see Stacks on page 86). Note that when data are collected in Trigger Button mode, the Smart System will emit a beeping sound after the button is pressed to indicate data collection is taking place. 12.3.2.
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode For standard Smart Systems the Transfer Rate value must be set to 8. The Transfer Rate value will only be decreased for systems with data cables longer than standard lengths. Please contact Sensors & Software before changing the Transfer Rate on your system. 12.3.2.7 Odometer Number Noggin Smart Systems can take input from several different odometers. It is very important that the user selects and calibrates the odometer appropriate for their Smart System.
12-Survey & Map Mode Noggin 12.3.3 Line Parameters The Line Parameters settings allow the user to view and modify settings specific to collecting data as individual lines, namely, the starting position of the line and line direction. 12.3.3.1 Start Position The Start Position is the position value at the very beginning of a line. This will usually be set to zero (0.0). However, if the user wants a data file to start at a position other than zero, this value can be edited. 12.3.3.
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode 12.3.3.3 Station Interval As Smart Systems moves, the odometer triggers the system to collect a data trace at fixed distance intervals. This interval is called the “station interval”. The station interval can be changed to allow a longer or shorter distance between traces. For a successful survey, it is important that several traces be collected over a target.
12-Survey & Map Mode Noggin The choices available are: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) Short Normal Long X-Long 10x Normal 20x Normal 40x Normal 50x Normal 100x Normal Each choice listed will be followed by an actual value in metres or inches depending on which units are selected and which Noggin system is being used. Here is a chart showing the station interval for each system and setting.
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode NOGGIN 1000 SYSTEM Setting Station Interval Data per Screen Short 0.5 cm or 0.24 in 3.2 m or 12.8 ft Normal 1.0 cm or 0.48 in 6.4 m or 25.6 ft Long 2.0 cm or 0.96 in 12.8 m or 51.2 ft X-Long 5.0 cm or 2.4 in 32.0 m or 128 ft Norm x10 10 cm or 4.8 in 64.0 m or 256 ft Norm x20 20 cm or 9.6 in 128 m or 512 ft Norm x40 40 cm or 19.2 in 256 m or 1024 ft Norm x50 50 cm or 24.0 in 320 m or 1280 ft Norm x100 100 cm or 48.
12-Survey & Map Mode Noggin 12.3.3.4 Plot Interval The plot interval setting determines the width of data traces plotted to the screen. Traces can be 1, 2, 4 or 8 pixels wide. The Normal setting for Noggin 250 systems is 2 pixels per trace and the Normal setting the Noggin 500 and 1000 is 1 pixel per trace. It can be useful to plot traces narrower than normal to allow more data to fit onto one screen. It can also be useful to plot traces wider on the screen so that they are easier to see.
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode 12.3.4 Grid Parameters The Grid Parameters settings allow the user to view and modify settings specific to collecting data in organized grids. This includes the grid dimensions, line spacing, grid type and survey format. Data are normally collected on a grid if the user is interested in displaying the data as a 3D volume (using the EKKO_3D software) or as a plan map (using the EKKO_Mapper and/or EKKO_Pointer software).
12-Survey & Map Mode Noggin Y Lines Only - Forward Set up a first-quadrant XY grid. Data lines run in the Y direction, distance increasing from the X axis baseline. Line numbers increase in the positive X direction (see Figure 12-12). Lines must be equally spaced. It is not critical that all the lines are the same length. However, it does make processing easier if all the lines start at the same baseline position (usually defined as zero (0.0)). Figure: 12-12 Proper Y Line surveying pattern.
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode 12.3.4.2 Survey Format The Survey Format specifies how the lines will be collected. The lines shown in Figure 12-11, Figure 12-12, and Figure 12-13 are all collected in the Forward direction only. This means that each line starts at the X or Y baseline. When the length of the survey lines are more than about 20 metres, data acquisition speed may be increased by collecting every second line in the reverse direction (Figure 12-14, Figure 12-15, and Figure 12-16).
12-Survey & Map Mode Noggin Figure: 12-15 For collecting GPR data consisting of long data lines it makes more sense to follow a forward and reverse surveying pattern. For the final data to be spatially correct with a minimum of editing, data collected in this pattern should be on lines that extend completely from one baseline to the other. XY Lines – Forward and Reverse Using the Forward and Reverse survey format, XY line data are collected in the pattern shown in Figure 12-16.
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode 12.3.4.3 Grid Dimensions For grid data acquisition, the grid size needs to be specified. The user needs to input the length of the X dimension and the length of the Y dimension. The dimensions entered are assumed to be in the same units as the Position Units (see Section 12.3.1.7: P.88), i.e. metres or feet. On this screen the user needs to highlight the dimension to be changed. The user can toggle between the X and Y fields by pressing the X/Y button.
12-Survey & Map Mode Noggin However, line spacing should really be determined by target size. In most cases the system must pass over a target to detect it. Therefore, the line spacing needs to be on the order of the size of the target or smaller, if practical. This can be adjusted to a larger spacing for larger targets or targets with a linear extent. As well, these rules may have to be bent for practical purposes like survey production rates.
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode 12.3.5 GPS Parameters The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses special satellites around the Earth to determine the position of a GPS receiver located at any position on the surface of the Earth. GPS receivers can be purchased from a number of manufacturers. The DVL has a serial port on the back for attaching a GPS receiver. This port will accommodate any GPS receiver that has a standard serial port output.
12-Survey & Map Mode Noggin Mode There are three GPS modes available: 1) Off mode means that a GPS receiver is not connected to the DVL so no GPS information is being logged. This should be the setting if you do not have a GPS receiver. 2) Reading every x traces mode means that every time the Noggin collects a userdefined number of traces of GPR data, a data string of GPS information will be added to a file. This file has the same name as the data file i.e. LINE6, but with a GPS extension.
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode 3) Fuducial Tagging mode means that whenever a fiducial marker (F1, F2 etc.) is added to the data (see Section 12.2.4: P.72), a data string of GPS information will be added to a file. This file has the same name as the data file i.e. LINE6, but with a GPS extension. This file can be accessed after transferring the GPR data files to an external PC (see Section 12.4.1: p.108). For example, LINE6.GPS may look like this: F1 $GPGGA,134218.00,4338.190204,N,07938.438411,W,2,05,2.
12-Survey & Map Mode 4) Noggin GPR data out port mode means that the GPR data stream will be output to the serial port of the DVL. This is for users who wish to read the GPR data into their own PC or other device. Contact Sensors & Software Inc. for more details if you want to use this option. Note that this option slows down data acquisition speeds. Baud Rate The baud rate is the speed that data is sent from the GPS receiver to the serial port of the DVL.
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode The End String option allows the user to fill in the 5 character GPS prefix. Use the Left and Right buttons to move left or right to different characters in the string. The currently selected character will have an “^” under it. To change the letter of the current character, use the Next button to change it to the next letter in the alphabet and the Previous button to change it to the previous letter in the alphabet.
12-Survey & Map Mode Noggin 12.4 Noggin File Management The File Management option is available by pressing 2 from the main Noggin menu. The File Management menu allows the user to delete data from the DVL and copy data from the internal compact flash drive to the removable compact flash drive. The Export options in this menu require the use of the optional PXFER cable and WinPXFER software so this menu is not required for users transferring Noggin data using the removable compact flash drive.
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode 12.4.2 Copying Noggin Data from the Internal Drive to the Removable Drive If data were collected to the internal drive of the DVL (Section 12.1.7: p.69), the data can be copied to the removable drive so the data transfer method described above can be used. To copy Noggin data from the internal drive to the removable drive, from the Noggin menu select 2 - File Management and then select 7 - Copy Internal to Removable. 12.4.
12-Survey & Map Mode Noggin 12.5 Noggin Utilities Pressing the number 4 on the main menu selects Utilities. This menu has utility programs to change the date and time on the DVL and also calibrate the odometer. 12.5.1 Time and Date The date and time are saved with the data files. The DVL date and time setting can be changed by moving to one or more of the appropriate fields and editing the current setting. The LEFT and RIGHT arrows are used to move between fields.
Noggin 12-Survey & Map Mode Odometer calibration values for the SmartHandle odometer should be around 1530. Odometer calibration values for the Vehicle odometer vary but may be around 50. 12.5.3 Upgrade Upgrade requires the use of the optional PXFER cable so this menu is not required for users who upgrade their DVL firmware using a removable compact flash drive. The menu allows the user to enter Upgrade mode to update the firmware on the DVL.
13-Troubleshooting Noggin 13 Troubleshooting Noggin Smart Systems are designed to minimize user problems; however, all electronic devices are subject to possible failure. The following are troubleshooting hints in the likelihood of occurrence if your Smart System fails to operate. 13.1 Power Supply The most common problem that can occur while trying to run a system is insufficient power. The battery may be dead or have a low voltage.
Noggin 13-Troubleshooting Make sure the cables are not damaged and that all cable connections are tightly secured. Use a slotted screwdriver to snug up the connections. Sometimes vibrations cause the cable connections to loosen just a bit and break contact and this can cause errors. Disconnecting cables and reconnecting them may provide a better contact and solve the problem. Turn the Digital Video Logger back on and try running the system again.
13-Troubleshooting Noggin If this error occurs, power the system down, power it up again and retry data acquisition. If the error persists, contact Sensors & Software Inc. (see Section 13.7: P.114). 13.6 Creating a Test Line for Data Quality One of the best ways of detecting problems with the GPR system is, shortly after receiving the system and getting comfortable with its operation, to collect a line of data at a convenient, easily accessible location.
Noggin 14-Care and Maintenance 14 Care and Maintenance 14.1 Battery Care Smart Systems use 12-volt sealed lead acid batteries. They are fused with a 10 Amp fuse to protect them from short circuit damage. The SmartCart battery unit uses contains a 9 Amp-hour battery. The battery unit should run the Cart Noggin for 4-5 hours before recharging is necessary. If long days of data surveying are typical, a second battery unit may be a useful item.
14-Care and Maintenance Noggin 2) When the system is not being used, make sure the connections are done up to prevent dust and moisture from collecting inside. If the connectors are exposed, cover them with some sort of dust cap. 3) Cables are designed to be as tough as practical. 4) Careless use of cables making them carry loads that they are not designed for can cause internal damage. 5) Connectors are weak points in any system.
Noggin 14-Care and Maintenance 14.5 Storage Cases Equipment that is transported and stored loosely is more susceptible to damage. All equipment should be stored in its shipping case or a storage box. Sensors & Software has shipping cases available as options for all Noggins and DVL’s. 14.6 Spare Parts For customers working in remote areas or if downtime in the field is unacceptable, consider buying our optional extended spares kit. This kit includes extra cables, batteries and chargers.
14-Care and Maintenance Noggin 118
Noggin Appendix A - Noggin Data file Format Appendix A Noggin Data file Format Noggin data consists of two files, a Header file and a Data file. The files have the same name but different extensions. The format details of these files are given below. Header (.HD) File: The header file, identified by the file extension .HD, is an ASCII file. An example is shown below. The heading identifies what each piece of information represents.
Appendix A - Noggin Data file Format 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 - 32 Noggin reserved for receiver y position reserved for receiver z position reserved for transmitter x position reserved for transmitter y position reserved for transmitter z position timezero adjustment where:point(x)= point(x+adjustment) Zero flag: 0 = data okay, 1=zero data (not used) Time of day data collected in seconds past midnight. Comment flag: 1 = comment attached.
Noggin Appendix B - Health & Safety Certification Appendix B Health & Safety Certification Radio frequency electromagnetic fields may pose a health hazard when the fields are intense. Normal fields have been studied extensively over the past 30 years with no conclusive epidemiology relating electromagnetic fields to health problems. Detailed discussions on the subject are contained in the references and the web sites listed below.
Appendix B - Health & Safety Certification Noggin References 1. Questions and answers about biological effects and potential hazards of radio-frequency electromagnetic field USA Federal Communications Commission, Office of Engineering & Technology OET Bulletin 56 (Contains many references and web sites) 2. Evaluation Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields.
Noggin Appendix C Appendix C - GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations All governments have regulations on the level of electromagnetic emissions that an electronic apparatus can emit. The objective is to assure that one apparatus or device does not interfere with any other apparatus or device in such a way as to make the other apparatus non-functional. Sensors & Software Inc.
Appendix C - GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations C-1 Noggin FCC Regulations (USA) This device complies with Part 15 of the USA Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Rules. Operation in the USA is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Noggin Appendix C - GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations and construction does not actually result from the inspection; the intended purpose of the operation of the UWB device is to determine if construction is required. We also believe that the GPRs and wall imaging systems may be operated for one of the purposes described in the regulations but need not be operated directly by one of the described parties.
Appendix C - GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations Noggin ferent locations upon coordination of change of ownership or location to the FCC and coordination with existing authorized operations. (e) The FCC/NTIA coordination report shall identify those geographical areas within which the operation of an imaging system requires additional coordination or within which the operation of an imaging system is prohibited.
Noggin Appendix C - GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations FCC GROUND PENETRATING RADAR COORDINATION NOTICE NAME: ADDRESS: CONTACT INFORMATION [CONTACT NAME AND PHONE NUMBER]: AREA OF OPERATION [COUNTIES, STATES OR LARGER AREAS]: FCC ID: [E.G. QJQ-NOGGIN100 FOR NOGGIN 100 SYSTEM, QJQ-NOGGIN250 FOR NOGGIN 250 QJQ-NOGGIN500 FOR NOGGIN 500 SYSTEM, QJQ-NOGGIN1000 FOR NOGGIN 1000 SYS- SYSTEM, TEM] EQUIPMENT NOMENCLATURE: [E.G. NOGGIN 250] Send the information to: Frequency Coordination Branch.
Noggin Appendix C - GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations C-2 ETSI Regulations for the EC (European Community) In the European Community (EC), GPR instruments must conform to ETSI (European Technical Standards Institute) standard EN 302 066-1 v1.2.1. Details on individual country requirements for licensing are coordinated with this standard. For more information, contact Sensors & Software’s technical staff.
Noggin Appendix C - GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations C-3 Industry Canada Regulations Industry Canada published it regulations for ground penetrating radar (GPR) on Mar 29 2009 as part of the RSS-220 titled 'Devices Using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Technology'. Industry Canada has made a unique exception for GPR by not requiring user licensing.
Noggin Appendix D Appendix D - Instrument Interference Instrument Interference Immunity regulations place the onus on instrument/apparatus/device manufacturers to assure that extraneous interference will not unduly cause an instrument/apparatus/device to stop functioning or to function in a faulty manner. Based on independent testing house measurements, Sensors & Software Inc. systems comply with such regulations in Canada, USA, European Community and most other jurisdictions.
Appendix D - Instrument Interference Noggin D-2
Noggin Appendix E Appendix E - Safety Around Explosive Devices Safety Around Explosive Devices Concerns are expressed from time to time on the hazard of GPR products being used near blasting caps and unexploded ordnance (UXO). Experience with blasting caps indicates that the power of Sensors & Software Inc.’s GPR products are not sufficient to trigger blasting caps.
Appendix E - Safety Around Explosive Devices Noggin E-2
Noggin Appendix F - Using the PXFER Cable and WinPXFER Software Appendix F Using the PXFER Cable and WinPXFER Software F1 Transferring Data to a PC using the PXFER Cable There are two methods available to transfer data files from the DVL to a PC. The usual method is to save the data to the removable compact flash drive that is accessible using the door on the top of the DVL. After powering down the DVL, this drive can be removed and inserted into a card reader attached to a PC.
Appendix F - Using the PXFER Cable and WinPXFER Software Noggin F1.2 PXFER Cable Types There are two types of PXFER cable, Normal and Turbo. The Turbo PXFER cable can be identified by the pink band visible near the connector at either end. The Normal PXFER cable does not have this pink band. Figure F-2: Turbo PXFER cable. Figure F-3: Normal PXFER cable. Data transfer can only occur if the DVL is set to the correct type of cable (see F1.4: p.F-4).
Noggin Appendix F - Using the PXFER Cable and WinPXFER Software F1.3 Installing and Running the WinPXFER Program The Smart system comes with a CD-ROM containing the WinPXFER program. To install the WinPXFER program, follow the directions in the “Software Installation” document that accompanies the CD. Briefly, running the SETUP.EXE program from the WinPXFER folder on the CD will install WinPXFER on the computer.
Noggin Appendix F - Using the PXFER Cable and WinPXFER Software Figure F-5: Turbo mode under Preferences should only be checked if a Turbo PXFER cable is being used. It is vital that WinPXFER be configured properly for the type of PXFER cable (see F1.2: p.F-2). If the PXFER cable is a Normal cable, the Turbo option under Preferences should NOT be checked when attempting to transfer data.
Noggin Appendix F - Using the PXFER Cable and WinPXFER Software F1.6 Exporting Nogginplus Data Once the parallel XFER cable is connected (see above) and the WinPXFER software is installed and running, it is now possible to export data to the external computer. All the data in one or more Line or Grid Projects or the TAGGED.GPS file can be transferred to an external computer. From the main File Management menu, the user selects whether to export Line data, Grid data or the TAGGED.GPS file.
Noggin Appendix F - Using the PXFER Cable and WinPXFER Software F2 Transferring One or More Noggin PCX Files to an External PC using WinPXFER There are two ways of using the PXFER cable and the WinPXFER software to transfer Noggin data to an external computer. The first is to transfer one or more screens (or buffers) of data as a single PCX graphics file. This method is described in this section.
Noggin Appendix G GPR Glossaries G-1 Basic GPR Terms alpha exponential attenuation coefficient - normal units dB/m (see attenuation) K relative permittivity or dielectric constant sigma electrical conductivity - normal units mS/m v propagation velocity - normal units m/ns dB/m decibels/metre, common unit for attenuation, m/ns metre/nanosecond, common unit of GPR velocity, v (see nanosecond) mS/m milli-Siemens/metre, common unit for conductivity, ns nanosecond, normal unit of GPR time (see
Noggin receiver (Rx) General term for electronics devices used to detect fields and translate signals into records or displays resolution The minimum separation of two objects before their individual responses merge into a single response signal amplitude A measure of the strength of the radio wave signal station interval Spatial distance between observation points along a survey traverse line or mesh points on a grid step size See station interval transmitter (Tx) General term used for electron
Noggin wavelet or EM pulse Impulsive GPR's emit an oscillatory electromagnetic pulse which is short in time and space and is often referred to as a wavelet. penetration depth The depth of a GPR wavelet can penetrate to before it is attenuated to an undetectable amplitude. air waves GPR systems can create and detect energy which travels through air above the ground. Undesired responses from above ground targets are often called 'air waves'.
Noggin G-4
