SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 IMPORTANT NOTICE All rights to this manual are owned solely by SATEL OY (referred to in this user guide as SATEL). All rights reserved. The copying of this manual (without written permission from the owner) by printing, copying, recording or by any other means, or the full or partial translation of the manual to any other language, including all programming languages, using any electrical, mechanical, magnetic, optical, manual or other methods or devices is forbidden.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 RESTRICTIONS ON USE The user of a radio modem must take care that the said device is not operated without the permission of the local authorities on frequencies other than those specifically reserved and intended for use without a specific permit.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 PRODUCT CONFORMITY SATELLAR SATEL Oy hereby declares that SATELLAR radio modem is in compliance with the essential requirements (radio performance, electromagnetic compatibility and electrical safety) and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC. Therefore the equipment is labelled with the following CE-marking.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 WARRANTY AND SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS Read these safety instructions carefully before using the product: o The warranty will be void if the product is used in any way that is in contradiction with the instructions given in this manual, or if the radio modem housing has been opened or tampered with. o The radio modem is only to be operated at frequencies allocated by local authorities, and without exceeding the given maximum allowed output power ratings.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 TABLE OF CONTENTS IMPORTANT NOTICE ............................................................................................. 2 RESTRICTIONS ON USE ......................................................................................... 3 PRODUCT CONFORMITY........................................................................................ 4 WARRANTY AND SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS ............................................................. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ......
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 6.3.4 6.3.5 Error control...................................................................................................... 28 Pause length ..................................................................................................... 28 6.4 Collision avoidance in packet data transmission .................................... 28 6.5 6.5.1 6.5.2 6.5.3 Network protocol modes..........................................................................
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 1 INTRODUCTION TO SATELLAR PRODUCT FAMILY SATELLAR is a new generation narrow band radio modem that consists of separate units: o Central unit o Radio unit o expansion units Using SATELLAR the customer builds his/her own independent radio data communication network. This document presents the specifications and usage of the Radio unit. The properties of other units are described to the extent that is necessary to understand the operation of the Radio unit.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 2) SATEL NMS PC software Once deployed status monitoring and configuration can be performed using a Windows based SATEL NMS PC software through the RS-232/485 interface of the Radio unit. This is also possible over the air: the status and configuration data of a distant radio modem can be accessed through a radio connection. Flexible and expandable The SATELLAR concept has been designed to be flexible and expandable both in terms of hardware and software functions.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 Mounting SATELLAR can be mounted directly on a flat surface or to a DIN rail. DIN-rail mounting is possible either on the back-side of the stack of units or on the other narrow side of each unit (the latter case so that the LED indicators remain visible for the user). This is valid also when using the Radio unit alone. Ruggedized SATELLAR is constructed of die-cast aluminum to withstand the abuse typical to rough industrial environments.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 25 kHz/ 2-FSK 12.5 kHz / 16-FSK 12.5 kHz / 8-FSK 12.5 kHz / 4-FSK 12.5 kHz / 2-FSK Adjacent channel rejection Channel spacing / modulation 25 kHz / 16-FSK 25 kHz / 8-FSK 25 kHz / 4-FSK 25 kHz/ 2-FSK 12.5 kHz / 16-FSK 12.5 kHz / 8-FSK 12.5 kHz / 4-FSK 12.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 3 TYPICAL SETUP The figure below shows a typical setup when transferring data through the Radio unit. When using the Radio unit together with the Central unit the recommended minimum distance of the antenna from the Central unit is 2 m in order to avoid degradation of the receiver sensitivity due to interference from the Central unit. If the user wants to change/view settings the Data terminal equipment needs to be replaced by a PC.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 4 MOUNTING The Radio unit can be mounted in two different ways o using SATELLAR specific DIN rail adapter connected at the other edge of the unit o using two DIN rail adapters connected at the bottom o using a special two piece mounting clip connected at the bottom The mountings are further clarified in the figures below. DIN rail adapter at the other edge.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 Two DIN rail adapters at the bottom A two piece mounting clip at the bottom The two piece mounting clip with the necessary screws is delivered in the sales package and the DIN rail adapter can be ordered as an accessory.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 4.1 Front cover When the Radio unit is used alone without the Central unit or any expansion unit it is possible to attach a special front cover on the unit. How this can be done is described in the figure below.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 5 INTERFACES This chapter describes the external interfaces of the Radio unit, how its status can be monitored, and how the settings can be checked and modified. If you are using the Radio unit attached with a Central unit with a display it is possible to see and change settings by the graphical user interface of the Central unit. How this can be done is explained in the user manual of the Central unit.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 RS422/485 interface can additionally be configured to RS-232 by modifying the user settings. The pin-out, however, does not follow the standard TIA-574: only RD and TD lines are in use in this case (pins 2 and 3, respectively).
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 down to 9600 bits/s. The effect of the FEC on the sensitivity depends on the code rate and the level of BER at which the radio link is operating. At the BER level of 10e-6 the 50 % code rate improves the sensitivity 5 – 6 dB and at 10e-3 level the improvement is 2 – 3 dB as can be seen in the technical specification in chapter 2. Changing of the modulation method or use of the FEC helps in receiver sensitivity improvement first of all in noisy connections, i.e.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 5.5 LED indicators The Radio unit provides eight LED indicators that are located on the other narrow side of the unit. They are listed and described in the table below. Name RX TX RTS CTS TD RD STAT PWR Description ON: Radio is receiving OFF: Radio is not receiving ON: Radio is transmitting OFF: Radio is not transmitting Request To Send; more details in chapter 6.3.3 Clear To Send; more details in chapter 6.3.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 5.6 Function button The function button is located below the LED indicators. It is used to control the operation of the D9 serial data connector as described in the table below. Duration of the press Indication Effect Less than 2 s All the LEDs are switched on The serial data connector is reset to the state defined by the user (see chapter 7.27.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 6 DATA TRANSMISSION The Radio unit can operate in two different modes of data transmission: transparent and packet. The transparent mode is the traditional mode where the communication is based on RS232/422/485 based protocols, like MODBUS and PROFIBUS. The Radio unit is then effectively replacing a wire between two Data Terminal Equipments. The packet data transfer has become widely used in modern communication systems, e.g. in systems based on IP protocol.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 In addition the factors affecting the latency are o Forward error correction: The principle of forward error correction is to read a few bits to a data register and generate a codeword based on a certain mathematical formula and the stored data bits. This at first generates some delay in the transmitter but especially in the receiver where a longer bit sequence must be stored before being able to decode the incoming codeword.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 6.2 Packet data transmission Modern communication systems are nowadays very often based on packet data transfer. In that the length of the transmission is known beforehand and the maximum allowed size of the packet is normally limited. Unlike in transparent data transfer there is normally no guaranteed latency in the system which means that the delay of the data from the sender to the receiver varies depending on the amount of traffic in the network.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 An example of how to use priority settings in a simple network is shown in the figure below. Priority RX A B No radio coverage between B and C Priority TX Priority RX C Station A has a radio link to stations B and C and sends control commands to those. Stations B and C respond by sending either status information or acknowledgement messages to control commands from A and they cannot hear each others’ radio transmissions.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 6.3.3 Handshaking The handshaking lines of the serial data interface can be used to control the data flow from/to the Radio unit. There are three different control lines for this purpose, namely CTS, RTS, and CD lines. 6.3.3.1 CTS (Clear To Send) The CTS line is normally in the active state (signal level low/high?) which means that the Radio unit is ready to accept data from the DTE.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 6.3.3.2 RTS (Request To Send) The RTS line is normally in the active state (signal level low/high?) which means that the DTE is ready to accept data from the Radio unit. When the DTE sets the line to the inactive state the data transfer from the Radio unit to the DTE is not possible. There are three alternatives for the user to select how the Radio unit reacts when the RTS line goes to the inactive state. These are explained in the table below.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 6.3.4 Error control For error checking purposes there are two mechanisms in the Radio unit: cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and error detection. Cyclic redundancy check is possible for the user to switch on and off. If it is on the transmitter calculates the checksum based on the whole data stream that has been sent. Before ending the transmission it adds the checksum to the end of the data.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 that. The main purpose of the algorithm implemented in the Radio unit is to provide a collision free operation also in the presence of hidden terminals. The algorithm is called CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance) and is based on sending handshaking signals (RTS, CTS, ACK) between the stations. A pre-requisite for the algorithm to work is that each station in the network has an address and that there is a kind of routing table in use.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 6.5.1 Basic and basic-repeater mode Basic mode is a simple point-to-point connection between two Radio units operating in transparent mode of data transmission. Point-to-multipoint connection is also possible using the methods described in chapters 6.3.1, 6.3.2, and 6.3.3 to minimize the probability of collisions.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 Radio unit A acts as a master station in this network and has the following routing table in the memory: DTE Route B 2, 3, 4 C 2, 3, 5 When DTE A sends data e.g. to DTE B the radio unit A picks the address from the message and then determines which route to use. In this example the route is the upper one, i.e. 2, 3, 4.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 to select the correct neighbor station according to the final destination address and thereafter the data proceeds hop by hop towards the destination.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 7 SETTINGS As mentioned in chapter 5.4 settings can be viewed and changed by Satel NMS PC software or by the user interfaces of the Central unit. Settings have been described in earlier chapters in conjunction with the overall descriptions of the different functionalities. Here below is presented a summary of all the user related parameters and how they are organized in groups. 7.1 Radio settings RX frequency RF frequency of the receiver in MHz, e.g. 451.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 Length of the synchronization sequence Can be either 32 or 64 symbol intervals. See chapter 6.1 for more information. Synchronization interval Can be adjusted by a numeric editor in the range of 0 – 65535 bytes. See chapter 6.1 for more information. Over-the-air encryption Can be either OFF or ON 7.2 Serial connector configuration As indicated in chapter 5.6 the setting selected here comes to use when the function button is pressed less than two seconds.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 7.4 Serial data flow control Priority Selectable: RX and TX. See chapter 6.3.1 for more details. TX delay 0 – 65535 ms. See chapter 6.3.2 for more details. Handshaking lines CTS: Can be selected from a predefined list of Data on channel, RSSI threshold, TX buffer state, pause detection, and OFF. See chapter 6.3.3 for more details. RTS: Can be selected from a predefined list of Flow control, Reception control, and Ignore. See chapter 6.3.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 Maximum number of RTS retransmissions o This value tells how many times a station can try to initiate the same transmission. After the maximum number has been reached the station gives up. For new data the RTS retransmission counter is reset. RSSI threshold o The value above which the received signal is strong enough to be able to conclude that the radio channel is occupied. 7.6 Network protocol modes As explained in chapter 6.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 8 TYPE DESIGNATION The type designation label of the Radio unit is located on the side sticker, below the LED indicators. The fields of the label are the following Field Description XX Type designator of the unit, in this case RU a RF feature designator 1: 1 W TX, 12.
SATELLAR Radio Unit User manual v.0.7 9 ACCESSORIES The Radio unit is delivered with the following accessories o A two piece mounting clip with the necessary screws o A DC connector o A quick start guide A SATELLAR specific DIN rail adapter can be ordered separately. If the Radio unit is used as a standalone device it can be delivered with a plastic front cover.
