User’s Guide XS 3900 Wireless LAN Array March 17th, 2006 3700 3500
Wireless LAN Array XS-3900, XS-3700, XS-3500 All rights reserved. This document may not be reproduced or disclosed in whole or in part by any means without the written consent of Xirrus, Inc.
Trademarks is a trademark of Xirrus, Inc. All other trademarks and brand names are marks of their respective holders. Notices FCC Notice This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules, with operation subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause unwanted operation.
Non-Modification Statement Unauthorized changes or modifications to the device are not permitted. Use only the supplied internal antenna, or external antennas supplied by the manufacturer. Modifications to the device will void the warranty and may violate FCC regulations. Please go to the Xirrus Web site for a list of all approved antennas. Indoor Use This product has been designed for indoor use.
EU Directive 1999/5/EC Compliance Information This section contains compliance information for the Xirrus Wireless LAN Array family of products, which includes the XS-3900, XS-3700 and XS-3500. The compliance information contained in this section is relevant to the European Union and other countries that have implemented the EU Directive 1999/5/EC. Declaration of Conformity Cesky [Czech] Toto zahzeni je v souladu se základnimi požadavky a ostatnimi odpovidajcimi ustano veni mi SmČ rnice 1999/5/EC.
Italiano [Italian] Questo apparato é conforme ai requisiti essenziali ed agli altri principi sanciti dalla Direttiva 1999/5/CE. Latviski [Latvian] ŠƯ iekƗrta atbilst DirektƯvas 1999/5/EK bnjtiskajƗ prasƯbƗm un citiem ar to saistƯtajiem noteikumiem. Lietuviǐ [Lithuanian] Šis Ƴrenginys tenkina 1995/5/EB Direktyvos esminius reikalavimus ir kitas šios direktyvos nuostatas. Nederlands [Dutch] Dit apparant voldoet aan de essentiele eisen en andere van toepassing zijnde bepalingen van de Richtlijn 1995/5/EC.
Suomi [Finnish] Tämä laite täyttää direktiivin 1999/5//EY olennaiset vaatimukset ja on siinä asetettujen muiden laitetta koskevien määräysten mukainen. Svenska [Swedish] Denna utrustning är i överensstämmelse med de väsentliga kraven och andra relevanta bestämmelser i Direktiv 1999/5/EC.
WEEE Compliance z Natural resources were used in the production of this equipment. z This equipment may contain hazardous substances that could impact the health of the environment. z In order to avoid harm to the environment and consumption of natural resources, we encourage you to use appropriate take-back systems when disposing of this equipment. z The appropriate take-back systems will reuse or recycle most of the materials of this equipment in a way that will not harm the environment.
National Restrictions In the majority of the EU and other European countries, the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands have been made available for the use of Wireless LANs. The following table provides an overview of the regulatory requirements in general that are applicable for the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. Frequency Band (MHz) Max Power Level (EIRP) (mW) Indoor ONLY Outdoor ONLY 2400–2483.
France The use of the band from 5470 MHz to 5725 MHz is not allowed in France. The band from 5150 MHz to 5350 MHz can only be used indoors. If the product is used outdoors, the use of any 5 GHz frequency is not allowed, and power output is restricted in some portions of the 2.4 GHz band. Refer to the following table or go to www.art-telecom.fr for more details. L’utilisation de la bande 5470 MHz à 5725 MHz n’est pas autorisée en France.
Greece A license from EETT is required for the outdoor operation in the 5470 MHz to 5725 MHz band. Xirrus recommends checking www.eett.gr for more details. Ç äç éïõñãȕȐéêô ùíåîùôåñéêï ñïõóôç æ íçóõ íïô ôùí 5470–5725 ÌÇz å éôñ åôȐéùíï åôÜȐ üÜäåéȐ ôçò ÅÅÔÔ, ïõ ïñçãåȕôȐé óôåñȐ Ȑ ü ó öùíç ãí ç ôïõ ÃÅÅÈÁ. åñéóóüôåñåò ëå ôïì ñåéåùóôï www.eett.gr Italy This product meets the National Radio Interface and the requirements specified in the National Frequency Allocation Table for Italy.
Antennas The Xirrus Wireless LAN Array family of products employs integrated antennas that cannot be removed and which are not user accessible. Nevertheless, as regulatory limits are not the same throughout the EU, users may need to adjust the conducted power setting for the radio to meet the EIRP limits applicable in their country or region. Adjustments can be made from the product’s management interface—either Web Management Interface (WMI) or Command Line Interface (CLI).
Safety Warnings ! Safety Warnings ! Explosive Device Proximity Warning ! Lightning Activity Warning ! Circuit Breaker Warning Read all user documentation before powering this device. All Xirrus interconnected equipment should be contained indoors. This product is not suitable for outdoor operation. Please verify the integrity of the system ground prior to installing Xirrus equipment. Additionally, verify that the ambient operating temperature does not exceed 50°C.
Translated Safety Warnings Avertissements de Sécurité ! Sécurité ! Proximité d'appareils explosifs ! Foudre ! Disjoncteur Lisez l'ensemble de la documentation utilisateur avant de mettre cet appareil sous tension. Tous les équipements Xirrus interconnectés doivent être installés en intérieur. Ce produit n'est pas conçu pour être utilisé en extérieur. Veuillez vérifier l'intégrité de la terre du système avant d'installer des équipements Xirrus.
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The foregoing limitations shall apply even if the above-stated warranty fails of its essential purpose. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES. The above warranty DOES NOT apply to any evaluation Equipment made available for testing or demonstration purposes. All such Equipment is provided AS IS without any warranty whatsoever.
Wireless LAN Array Table of Contents All topics listed in this Table of Contents are clickable, which means you can instantly jump to any selected topic with a click of your mouse button.
Wireless LAN Array Secure Wireless Access .................................................................................. 12 Applications Enablement .............................................................................. 12 SDMA Optimization ...................................................................................... 12 Easy Deployment ............................................................................................ 12 Product Specifications (XS-3900 and XS-3700) .............
Wireless LAN Array Choosing a Location ....................................................................................... 41 Wiring Considerations ............................................................................ 42 Mounting the Unit .......................................................................................... 43 Attaching the T-Bar Clips ....................................................................... 44 Installing the Mounting Plate .....................................
Wireless LAN Array Network Interfaces ......................................................................................... 79 Network Settings ..................................................................................... 80 Network Statistics .................................................................................... 84 DHCP Settings ......................................................................................... 85 DNS Settings ................................................
Wireless LAN Array The Command Line Interface ...................................................... 145 Establishing a Secure Shell (SSH) Connection ................................................. 145 Basic Commands .................................................................................................. 146 Help ................................................................................................................ 146 Tab Key ...........................................................
Wireless LAN Array eth0 .................................................................................................................. 165 ftp .................................................................................................................... 167 gig1 .................................................................................................................. 168 gig2 ..................................................................................................................
Wireless LAN Array Serial ........................................................................................................ 215 Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 ......................................................................... 215 Fast Ethernet ........................................................................................... 216 Integrated Access Points (IAPs) .................................................................. 216 Server Settings ..............................................
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Wireless LAN Array List of Figures Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14. Figure 15. Figure 16. Figure 17. Figure 18. Figure 19. Figure 20. Figure 21. Figure 22. Figure 23. Figure 24. Figure 25. Figure 26. Figure 27. Figure 28. Figure 29. Figure 30. Figure 31. Figure 32. Figure 33. Figure 34. Adobe Acrobat (Version 6 and above) ....................................................
Wireless LAN Array Figure 35. Figure 36. Figure 37. Figure 38. Figure 39. Figure 40. Figure 41. Figure 42. Figure 43. Figure 44. Figure 45. Figure 46. Figure 47. Figure 48. Figure 49. Figure 50. Figure 51. Figure 52. Figure 53. Figure 54. Figure 55. Figure 56. Figure 57. Figure 58. Figure 59. Figure 60. Figure 61. Figure 62. Figure 63. Figure 64. Figure 65. Figure 66. Figure 67. Figure 68. Figure 69. Figure 70. Figure 71. x WMI: Express Setup Page (Part 1) ..................................................
Wireless LAN Array Figure 72. Figure 73. Figure 74. Figure 75. Figure 76. Figure 77. Figure 78. Figure 79. Figure 80. Figure 81. Figure 82. Figure 83. Figure 84. Figure 85. Figure 86. Figure 87. Figure 88. Figure 89. Figure 90. Figure 91. Figure 92. Figure 93. Figure 94. Figure 95. Figure 96. Figure 97. Figure 98. Figure 99. Figure 100. Figure 101. Figure 102. Figure 103. Figure 104. Figure 105. Figure 106. Figure 107. Figure 108. WMI: Statistics Page........................................................
Wireless LAN Array Figure 109. Figure 110. Figure 111. Figure 112. Figure 113. Figure 114. Figure 115. Figure 116. Figure 117. Figure 118. Figure 119. Figure 120. Figure 121. Figure 122. Figure 123. Figure 124. Figure 125. xii CLI: Testing Client Connectivity.......................................................... 188 CLI: Viewing the Routing to a Client .................................................. 188 CLI: Disabling WEP Encryption...........................................................
Wireless LAN Array Introduction This chapter introduces the Wireless LAN Array, including an overview of its key features and benefits, and a detailed listing of the product’s physical, environmental, technology and regulatory specifications.
Wireless LAN Array Nomenclature Throughout this User’s Guide, the Wireless LAN Array is also referred to as the Xirrus Array, or simply the Array. In some instances, the terms product and unit are also used. When discussing specific products from the Xirrus family, the product name is used (for example, XS-3900, XS-3700 or XS-3500). The Xirrus Wireless Management System (XM-3300) and the Xirrus Remote DC Power System (XP-3100) are referred to as the XM-3300 and XP-3100, or XM and XP respectively.
Wireless LAN Array z Configuring the Xirrus Array Contains procedures for configuring the Array using its embedded Web Management Interface. It also includes instructions for logging in to the Array with your Web browser, and procedures for upgrading the system firmware and resetting the Array to its factory defaults.
Wireless LAN Array Notes and Cautions The following symbols are used throughout this User’s Guide: # ! This symbol is used for general notes that provide useful supplemental information. This symbol is used for cautions. Cautions provide critical information that may adversely affect the performance of the product. Screen Images Some screen images of the Web Management Interface have been modified for clarity.
Wireless LAN Array Why Choose the Xirrus Wireless LAN Array? In 2003 there were approximately 30,000 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) operating in the public domain. Research suggests that the number will more than quadruple by 2006. Enterprise WLANs in the private sector are also becoming increasingly common as businesses strive for greater flexibility in the workplace and the need for employee mobility rises.
Wireless LAN Array Product Overview Part of the family of Xirrus products, the Wireless LAN Array is a high capacity, multi-mode device designed for the Enterprise market, with twice the range and up to sixteen times the capacity of competitive wireless products. Figure 2. Wireless LAN Array (XS-3900) The Xirrus Array (regardless of the product model) is Wi-Fi® compliant and simultaneously supports 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g clients.
Wireless LAN Array Deployment Flexibility Xirrus’ unique multi-radio architecture generates 360 degrees of sectored highgain 802.11a/b/g coverage that provides extended range and the highest possible data rates for a large volume of clients. Each sector can be controlled automatically or manually, creating a pattern of wireless coverage perfectly tailored to individual customer needs. For example: outside wall Figure 3.
Wireless LAN Array Remote DC Power System (Optional) The Xirrus Remote DC Power System (XP-3100) provides distributed DC power to your Array (DC version) deployments, eliminating the need to provide an AC power outlet in close proximity to the unit(s). In the following example, DC power is supplied to four Xirrus Arrays while utilizing only one AC power outlet. AC Input to XP-3100 XP-3100 DC Output to Xirrus Arrays Figure 4.
Wireless LAN Array Enterprise Class Management The Xirrus Array can be configured with its default RF settings, or the RF settings can be customized using the Array’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI). The WMI enables easy configuration and control from a graphical console, along with a full compliment of troubleshooting tools, reports and statistics. Figure 5.
Wireless LAN Array Key Features and Benefits This section describes some of the key product features and the benefits you can expect when deploying the Xirrus Array (the XS-3900 product is highlighted in this section). High Capacity and High Performance The XS-3900 easily handles time-sensitive traffic, such as voice, and can enable wireless connectivity for 1,024 users. The unit includes two Gigabit uplink ports for connection to the wired network.
Wireless LAN Array Extended Coverage One XS-3900 solution enables you to replace up to sixteen access points (includes one omnidirectional IAP for monitoring the network). Fifteen IAP radios with integrated directional antennas provide increased wireless range and enhanced data rates in all directions. With a Xirrus Array deployed, far fewer access points are needed for your wireless network.
Wireless LAN Array Non-Overlapping Channels Complete use of non-overlapping channels limits interference and delivers maximum capacity. On the XS-3900, all 16 non-overlapping channels are fully utilized across the 5GHz and 2.4GHz spectrums (up to 12 across the 5GHz spectrum and up to 3 across the 2.4GHz spectrum—typically, one radio is used as a dedicated RF monitor). Secure Wireless Access Multiple layers of authentication and encryption ensure secure data transmissions. The Xirrus Array is 802.
Wireless LAN Array Product Specifications (XS-3900 and XS-3700) Element Specifications Number of Users Maximum of 64 associated users per radio 1024 users per Array (XS-3900) 512 users per Array (XS-3700) Physical Diameter: 18.65 inches (47.37 cm) Height: 3.87 inches (9.83 cm) Weight: 8lbs (3.
Wireless LAN Array Element Specifications Management Web-based HTTPS SNMP v3 CLI via SSHv2 or Telnet FTP TFTP Serial Proprietary Xirrus Wireless Management System Syslog reporting for alerts/alarms Networking DHCP client, DHCP server, NTP client RFC VLAN Support 802.
Wireless LAN Array Element Security Specifications Wireless Security: WEP 40bit/128bit encryption WPA with TKIP and AES encryption Misappropriated APs automatically reset to factory defaults (requires the Xirrus Wireless Management System) Rogue AP detection, with alerts and classification User and System Authentication: WPA Pre-Shared Key authentication Embedded RADIUS Server 802.1x EAP-TLS 802.1x EAP-TTLS 802.
Wireless LAN Array Element Wireless Specifications Number of Radios: XS-3900: 12 x 802.11a radios 4 x 802.11a/b/g radios XS-3700: 4 x 802.11a radios 4 x 802.11a/b/g radios Wireless Standards: 802.11a/b/g and g-only mode 802.11e (draft), 802.11i Channel Selection: Manual Automatic Frequency Bands: 11a: 5.15-5.25 GHz (UNII 1) 11a: 5.15-5.25 GHz (TELEC) 11a: 5.25-5.35 GHz (UNII 2) 11a: 5.470-5.725 (ETSI) 11a: 5.725-5825 GHz (UNII 3) 11b/g: 2.412-2.462 GHz (FCC) 11b/g: 2.412-2.472 GHz (ETSI) 11b/g: 2.412-2.
Wireless LAN Array Product Specifications (XS-3500) Element Specifications Number of Users Maximum of 64 associated users per radio (256 users per Array). Recommended number of typical users per Array is 20. Physical Diameter: 12.58 inches (31.95 cm) Height: 2.58 inches (6.55 cm) Weight: 4lbs (1.
Wireless LAN Array Element Specifications Management Web-based HTTPS SNMP v3 CLI via SSHv2 or Telnet FTP TFTP Serial Proprietary Xirrus Wireless Management System Syslog reporting for alerts/alarms Networking DHCP client, DHCP server, NTP client RFC VLAN Support 802.
Wireless LAN Array Element Security Specifications Wireless Security: WEP 40bit/128bit encryption WPA with TKIP and AES encryption Misappropriated APs automatically reset to factory defaults (requires the Xirrus Wireless Management System) Rogue AP detection, with alerts and classification User and System Authentication: WPA Pre-Shared Key authentication Embedded RADIUS Server 802.1x EAP-TLS 802.1x EAP-TTLS 802.
Wireless LAN Array Element Wireless Specifications Number of Radios: 4 x 802.11a/b/g radios Wireless Standards: 802.11a/b/g and g-only mode 802.11e (draft), 802.11i Channel Selection: Manual Automatic Frequency Bands: 11a: 5.15-5.25 GHz (UNII 1) 11a: 5.15-5.25 GHz (TELEC) 11a: 5.25-5.35 GHz (UNII 2) 11a: 5.470-5.725 (ETSI) 11a: 5.725-5825 GHz (UNII 3) 11b/g: 2.412-2.462 GHz (FCC) 11b/g: 2.412-2.472 GHz (ETSI) 11b/g: 2.412-2.484 GHz (TELEC) Antenna: 4 internal 3 dBi 180° 802.
Wireless LAN Array Installing the Xirrus Array This chapter defines the prerequisites for installing the Xirrus Array and provides instructions to help you complete a successful installation.
Wireless LAN Array ! The Gigabit1 Ethernet interface is the primary port for both data and management traffic. If a single Ethernet connection is used, it must be connected to the Gigabit1 Ethernet interface. The 10/100 Ethernet Port can be used for managing the Array, and will only bridge management traffic. See also, “Port Failover Protection” on page 33. z Secure Shell (SSH) utility To establish secure remote command line access to the Array, you need a Secure Shell (SSH) utility, such as PuTTY.
Wireless LAN Array Optional Network Components The following network components are optional. z DHCP server To distribute IP addresses and ancillary information to your Xirrus Array. z Xirrus Wireless Management System (XM-3300) The optional XM-3300 offers powerful management features for small or large Xirrus Array deployments.
Wireless LAN Array Planning Your Installation This section provides guidelines and examples to help you plan your Xirrus Array deployment to achieve the best overall coverage and performance. We recommend you conduct a site survey to determine the best location and settings for each Array you install. General Deployment Considerations The Xirrus Array’s unique multi-radio architecture generates 360 degrees of sectored high-gain 802.11a/b/g coverage that provides extended range.
Wireless LAN Array 3. Building materials can make all the difference. For example, solid metal doors or aluminum wall studs may adversely effect wireless signals. Try to position wireless client devices so that the signal passes through drywall (between studs) or open doorways and not other materials.
Wireless LAN Array RF Patterns The Xirrus Array allows you to control—automatically or manually—the pattern of wireless coverage that best suits your deployment needs. You can choose to operate with full coverage, half coverage, or custom coverage (by enabling or disabling individual sectors). Full (Normal) Coverage In normal operation, the Array provides a full 360 degrees of coverage. Figure 10.
Wireless LAN Array Custom Coverage Where there are highly reflective objects in close proximity to the Array, you can turn off specific radios to avoid interference and feedback. reflective object Figure 12. Custom Coverage Calculating Areas Before we discuss cell sizes, it is useful to know how to calculate the area of a circle (because the Array radiates a full 360 degrees). The area of a circle is equal to pi (S) times the square of the radius, where pi is equal to 3.14.
Wireless LAN Array Capacity and Cell Sizes Cell sizes should be calculated based on the number of users, the applications being used (for example, data/video/voice), and the number of Arrays available at the location. The capacity of a cell is defined as the minimum data rate desired for each sector multiplied by the total number of sectors being used. The following chart shows the maximum recommended cell sizes for each data rate.
Wireless LAN Array Sample 802.11a Cells The following 802.11a sample cells illustrate the coverage area and minimum throughput you can expect (per sector) based on the size of each cell. Notice how the throughput increases as the cell size decreases, and vice versa. 68 ft 14,520 sq ft 54 Mbps per sector 98 ft 30,157 sq ft 36 Mbps per sector 165 ft 85,487 sq ft 18 Mbps per sector Figure 14. Sample 802.
Wireless LAN Array Fine Tuning Cell Sizes Adjusting the transmit power allows you to fine tune cell sizes. There are three settings—Large, Medium, or Small (the default is Large). If you are installing many units in close proximity to each other, reduce the transmit power to avoid excessive interference with other Arrays or installed APs. See also, “IAP Settings” on page 90. Small Medium Large Figure 15.
Wireless LAN Array Allocating Channels Because the Xirrus Array is a multi-channel device, allocating the best channels to radios is important if peak performance is to be maintained. Automatic Channel Selection We recommend that you allow the Array to make intelligent channel allocation decisions automatically. In the automatic mode, channels are allocated dynamically, driven by changes in the environment.
Wireless LAN Array Deployment Examples The following examples employ 802.11a cells, each offering minimum throughputs of 54 Mbps, 36 Mbps, and 18 Mbps per sector respectively, and assume a floor plan covering a total area of about 60,000 square feet. Figure 18. Deployment Scenario (54 Mbps)—Per Sector Figure 19.
Wireless LAN Array Figure 20. Deployment Scenario (18 Mbps)—Per Sector Failover Planning This section discusses failover protection at the unit and port levels. Port Failover Protection To ensure that service is continued in the event of a port failure, you can utilize the Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 ports simultaneously. Multiple port connections Ethernet switch Figure 21.
Wireless LAN Array In addition, the Array has full failover protection between the Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 Ethernet ports (see following table).
Wireless LAN Array Power Planning This section discusses the AC and DC power options. AC Power The AC power option requires a direct connection between the Array and a dedicated AC power outlet. The power cord is provided with the unit. Remote Distributed DC Power To deliver DC power to the Array, you must have the optional Xirrus Remote DC Power System (XP-3100) and a Xirrus Array that supports DC power—see Figure 4 on page 8 .
Wireless LAN Array z Wi-Fi Protected Access with AES This is government-grade encryption—available on most new client adapters—and uses the AES–CCM encryption mode (Advanced Encryption Standard–Counter Mode). Authentication Authentication ensures users are who they say they are, and occurs when users attempt to join the wireless network and periodically there after. The following authentication methods are available with the XS-3900: 36 z RADIUS 802.1x 802.
Wireless LAN Array Network Management Planning Network management can be performed using any of the following methods: z Command Line Interface, using an SSH (Secure Shell) utility, like PuTTY. z Web-based management, using the Array’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI). This method provides configuration and basic monitoring tools, and is good for small deployments (one or two units). z Web-based management, using the optional Xirrus Wireless Management System (XM-3300).
Wireless LAN Array Deployment Summary The following table summarizes your deployment options for small and large deployments. Number of Xirrus Arrays Function Power One or Two Three or More AC AC DC (with XP-3100) DC (with XP-3100) UPS backup (recommended) Failover Recommended Highly recommended VLANs Optional Optional use, Can be used to put all APs on one VLAN or map to existing VLAN scheme Encryption Authentication WPA with TKIP (recommended) WPA with AES (recommended) PSK or 802.
Wireless LAN Array Installation Workflow This workflow illustrates the steps that are required to install and configure your Xirrus Array successfully. Review this flowchart before attempting to install the unit on a customer’s network.
Wireless LAN Array Unpacking the Xirrus Array When you unpack your Xirrus Array, you will find the following items in the carton: Item 40 Quantity Xirrus Wireless LAN Array 1 AC power cord 1 Console cable 1 Mounting plate 1 Mounting screws 4 Tile grid mounting clamps 4 Clamp nuts 4 Mounting template 1 CD-ROM containing: This User’s Guide in PDF format End User License Agreement (EULA) README file 1 Quick Install Guide 1 Registration Card 1 Installing the Xirrus Array
Wireless LAN Array Installing Your Xirrus Wireless LAN Array This section provides instructions for installing your Xirrus Wireless LAN Array. Choosing a Location Based on coverage, capacity and deployment examples discussed earlier in this chapter, choose a location for the Array that will provide the best results for your needs. The Xirrus Array was designed to be mounted on a ceiling where the unit is unobtrusive and wireless transmissions can travel unimpeded throughout open plan areas.
Wireless LAN Array Wiring Considerations Unless you are using the Xirrus Remote DC Power System (XP-3100) with the DC version of the Array, an AC power outlet must be available to the Array (an AC power cord is provided with each unit). If you are using the XP-3100 to distribute DC power to multiple Arrays, go to “Remote DC Power System (Optional)” on page 8.
Wireless LAN Array Important Notes About Network Connections Read the following notes before making any network connections. ! ! The Array’s Ethernet ports should be plugged into an Ethernet switch, not an Ethernet hub—if a hub is used, we recommend that you connect only one Ethernet port. The Gigabit1 Ethernet interface is the primary port for both data and management traffic. If a single Ethernet connection is used, it must be connected to the Gigabit1 Ethernet interface.
Wireless LAN Array Attaching the T-Bar Clips The T-bar clips are used to create four mounting points on the ceiling tile grid for the Array mounting plate. Use the mounting template (provided) to find the correct location for all four clamps. To attach the clamps, simply twist the clamps onto the grid and tighten the screw post with a screwdriver. Ceiling tile grid Template T-bar clips (4 places) Tighten the screw post Figure 25.
Wireless LAN Array Installing the Mounting Plate If necessary, orient the mounting plate (see “Attaching the T-Bar Clips” on page 44) and locate the plate on the four screw posts. Secure the mounting plate to the four clamps using the nuts provided. Once the mounting plate is secured, cut an access hole in the ceiling tile for the cables. Tile grid Mounting Plate Cut an access hole here Figure 26.
Wireless LAN Array Connecting the Cables Feed the power and Ethernet cables through the access hole in the tile and the mounting plate (XS-3900), then connect the cables to the unit. See also, “Wiring Considerations” on page 42. Figure 27. Connecting the Cables When the cables are connected, turn on the power switch—before attaching the unit to the mounting plate (next step). Verify that the Ethernet link LED lights and the LED boot sequence begins.
Wireless LAN Array Attaching the Array to the Mounting Plate (XS-3900) Align the port recess on the Array with the access hole in the mounting plate, then connect the Array with the lugs on the mounting plate (4 places) and turn the Array clockwise to lock the unit into place (similar to a smoke detector). Figure 28.
Wireless LAN Array Attaching the Array to the Mounting Plate (XS-3500) Align the XS-3500 Wireless LAN Array with the key post on the mounting plate, then turn the Array to the right to lock the unit into place at the 4 lugs—similar to a smoke detector. Key post Lug Alignment hole Figure 29.
Wireless LAN Array Securing the Array For added security, there is a locking bracket incorporated into the mounting plate, which will accept a small luggage-style padlock (if desired). There is also a Kensington lock slot located near the Ethernet ports. In addition, the mounting plate incorporates a positive locking tab that prevents the unit from being inadvertently released. Locking bracket Figure 30.
Wireless LAN Array Dismounting the Array To dismount the Array, place your fingers so as to increase the space between the Array and the mounting plate at the positions indicated by the decals on the mounting plate—these are aligned with IAPs (radios) abg1 and abg3, as indicated on the clock-face of the Array. a12 a11 a1 abg4 abg1 a10 a2 a3 a9 a8 a4 abg3 abg2 a7 a5 a6 Figure 31.
Wireless LAN Array Powering Up the Xirrus Wireless LAN Array When powering up, the Array follows a specific sequence of LED patterns showing the boot progress, and following a successful boot will provide extensive status information. The normal boot sequence is as follows: 1. The green status LED will light first, showing a steady flashing while the unit boots. In the event of a boot failure, this LED will change to flashing red. 2.
Wireless LAN Array Once the unit is fully booted the default IAP LED display will be as follows: z IAP radio LEDs that are enabled will show a steady orange for 802.11a radios, or green for 802.11b/g radios. z Once a client associates with an individual IAP, that LED will show a slow flash (heartbeat) pattern. z When data is transmitted or received by an IAP, that IAP’s LED will flash.
Wireless LAN Array Establishing Communication with the Array The Array can be configured through the Command Line Interface (CLI) or the graphical Web Management Interface (WMI). You can use the CLI via the serial management port, the Fast Ethernet port, or either of the Gigabit Ethernet ports. You can use the WMI via any of the Array’s Ethernet ports. Serial Fast Ethernet Gigabit 1 Gigabit 2 Figure 34.
Wireless LAN Array Performing the Express Setup Procedure The Express Setup procedure allows you to establish global configuration settings that will enable basic Array functionality. Any changes you make on this page will affect all radios. When finished, click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, then click on the Save button to save your changes. more ... Figure 35.
Wireless LAN Array ... continued Figure 36. WMI: Express Setup Page (Part 2) Procedure for Performing an Express Setup 1. Host Name: Specify a unique host name for this Array. The host name is used to identify the Array on the network. Use a name that will be meaningful within your network environment, up to 64 alphanumeric characters. 2. Location Information: Enter a brief but meaningful description that accurately defines the physical location of the Array.
Wireless LAN Array 7. Configure the Fast Ethernet (10/100 Megabit), Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 network interfaces. The fields for each of these interfaces are the same, and include: a. Enable Interface: Choose Yes to enable this network interface, or choose No to disable the interface. b. Allow Management on Interface: Choose Yes to allow management of the Array via this network interface, or choose No to deny all management privileges for this interface. c. 8.
Wireless LAN Array Open This option offers no data encryption and is not recommended, though you might choose this option if clients are required to use a VPN connection through a secure SSH utility, like PuTTy. WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) An optional IEEE 802.11 function that offers frame transmission privacy similar to a wired network. WEP generates secret shared encryption keys that both source and destination stations can use to alter frame bits to avoid disclosure to eavesdroppers.
Wireless LAN Array 12. Adjust Time (hrs:min:sec): Check this box if you want to adjust the current system time. When the box is checked, the time fields become active. Enter the revised time (hours, minutes, seconds, am/pm) in the corresponding fields. If you don’t want to adjust the current time, this box should be left unchecked (default). 13. Adjust Date (day/month/year): Check this box if you want to adjust the current system date. When the box is checked, the date fields become active.
Wireless LAN Array 16. Use NTP (IP Address): Check this box if you want to use an NTP (Network Time Protocol) server to synchronize the Array’s clock. This ensures that syslog time-stamping is maintained across all units. Without an NTP server assigned (no universal clock), each Array will use its own internal clock and stamp times accordingly, which may result in discrepancies. When this box is checked, the NTP and NTP 2 IP address fields become active.
Wireless LAN Array Installing the XS-3900 Wall Mount Assembly The wall mounting assembly is used to mount the XS-3900 Wireless LAN Array on a wall, instead of the traditional ceiling mount—where mounting the Array on the ceiling may be impractical at your location.
Wireless LAN Array Mark the Wall Position 1. Use the Wall Mounting Bracket as a template and mark the locations on the wall for the mounting holes. Mark holes (at least 5 places) Figure 39. Wall Mount—Marking the Holes When marking the holes, ensure that the mounting plate is level—you may need assistance. # The bracket must be secured to the wall in at least 5 places, using a minimum of the top 3 holes and the 2 outside holes at the bottom.
Wireless LAN Array Install the SNAPTOGGLE™ Toggle Bolts 2. At the locations you marked in Step 1, drill a 1/2 inch (13mm) hole (there must be a minimum clearance behind the wall of 1 7/8 inches (48mm). 3. (Refer to graphic A) Hold the metal channel flat alongside the plastic straps and slide the channel through the hole. A B C D Figure 40. Installing the Toggle Bolts 4.
Wireless LAN Array Graphic D shows a cutaway example of how the toggle bolt is used to secure an item to the wall (in our case, the item is the Wall Mounting Bracket—secured to the wall with a minimum of 5 toggle bolts. Do not attach the Wall Mounting Bracket to the wall at this time. Attach the Mounting Plate to the Wall Mounting Bracket Secure the Wireless LAN Array’s mounting plate to the Wall Mounting Bracket (4 places)—tighten the 4 bolt assemblies to a torque of 10–12 lbf.ft (1.38–1.66 kgf.m).
Wireless LAN Array Mount the Array The image opposite shows the orientation of the Wireless LAN Array when mounted on a wall. It is not intended to show a fully installed Array. 7. Mount the Wireless LAN Array to the Wall Mounting Bracket in the same way that you would mount the Array to a ceiling mount (the procedure is identical). Figure 42.
Wireless LAN Array The Web Management Interface This chapter provides an overview of the XS-3900’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI), used for establishing your network’s configuration settings and wireless operating parameters. An Overview The WMI is an easy-to-use graphical interface to your Xirrus Array. It allows you to configure the product to suit your individual requirements and ensure that the unit functions efficiently and effectively. Figure 43.
Wireless LAN Array Content The content of the WMI has been organized by function and hierarchy, shown here in list form. You can click on any item in the list to jump to the referenced destination. Array Status Express Setup Network Interfaces Network Settings Network Statistics DHCP Settings DNS Settings IAP Interfaces IAP Settings Global Settings Global Settings .11a Global Settings .
Wireless LAN Array Structure The WMI has been designed with simplicity in mind, making navigation quick and easy. In the following example, you’ll see that pages are divided into left and right frames. The left frame contains configuration elements organized by function (for example, radio interfaces, security, etc.), and where these functions are sub-divided there is an associated pull-down menu.
Wireless LAN Array Status Bar Below the configuration frames you will find a status bar containing information about this Array, including: z Location—displays the location information assigned to the unit. z Host name—the host name assigned to this unit. z Network interface IP address—the IP address of the network interface that is currently being used. Also included in the status bar is a Print button and a Help button.
Wireless LAN Array Configuring the Xirrus Array This chapter covers configuration and management tasks using the product’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI). It also includes a procedure for logging in to the XS-3900/XS-3700/XS-3500 with your Web browser. Section headings for this chapter include: z “Logging In” on page 69 z “Making Configuration Changes to the Array” on page 70 Logging In Use this procedure to log in to the WMI via your Web browser. 1.
Wireless LAN Array Making Configuration Changes to the Array This section has been organized into functional areas that reflect the flow and content of the WMI. Configuration instructions to the Wireless LAN Array require you to input data in one or more of the following formats: z Specifying data (for example, IP addresses, descriptions, etc.). z Making selections from pull-down lists. z Choosing an option by clicking on a radio button (for example, on/off).
Wireless LAN Array The Array Status page is sub-divided into the Network Interface and IAP Interface (radio) sections and provides you with the following information: z All devices: A listing of the available Network Interfaces and IAPs with each item containing a link to the associated configuration page. Linked items are shown UNDERLINED. For example: These items are linked Figure 48. Linked Items z All devices: The current status of each device, whether enabled or disabled.
Wireless LAN Array z z The IP Address column shows the current IP address being used by each network interface device. IAP Interface devices: z The Channel column shows on which channel each IAP (radio) is operating. Channel selections are made on the IAP Settings page from a pull-menu. To avoid co-channel interference, adjacent radios should not be using adjacent channels.
Wireless LAN Array Express Setup This page allows you to establish global configuration settings that will enable basic Array functionality. Any changes you make on this page will affect all radios. When finished, click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, then click on the Save button to save your changes. more ... Figure 51.
Wireless LAN Array ... continued Figure 52. WMI: Express Setup Page (Part 2) Procedure for Performing an Express Setup 74 1. Host Name: Specify a unique host name for this Array. The host name is used to identify the Array on the network. Use a name that will be meaningful within your network environment, up to 64 alphanumeric characters. 2. Location Information: Enter a brief but meaningful description that accurately defines the physical location of the Array.
Wireless LAN Array 7. Configure the Fast Ethernet (10/100 Megabit), Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 network interfaces. The fields for each of these interfaces are the same, and include: a. Enable Interface: Choose Yes to enable this network interface, or choose No to disable the interface. b. Allow Management on Interface: Choose Yes to allow management of the Array via this network interface, or choose No to deny all management privileges for this interface. c. 8.
Wireless LAN Array 9. Wireless Security: Select the desired wireless security scheme (Open, WEP or WPA). Make your selection from the choices available in the pulldown list. Open This option offers no data encryption and is not recommended, though you might choose this option if clients are required to use a VPN connection through a secure SSH utility, like PuTTy. WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) An optional IEEE 802.11 function that offers frame transmission privacy similar to a wired network.
Wireless LAN Array a. Confirm Admin Password: If you entered a new administration password, confirm the new password here. 12. Adjust Time (hrs:min:sec): Check this box if you want to adjust the current system time. When the box is checked, the time fields become active. Enter the revised time (hours, minutes, seconds, am/pm) in the corresponding fields. If you don’t want to adjust the current time, this box should be left unchecked (default). 13.
Wireless LAN Array 16. Use NTP (IP Address): Check this box if you want to use an NTP (Network Time Protocol) server to synchronize the Array’s clock. This ensures that syslog time-stamping is maintained across all units. Without an NTP server assigned (no universal clock), each Array will use its own internal clock and stamp times accordingly, which may result in discrepancies. When this box is checked, the NTP and NTP 2 IP address fields become active.
Wireless LAN Array Network Interfaces This is a status only page that provides a snapshot of the configuration settings currently established for the 10/100 Fast Ethernet interface and the 10/100/1000 Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 interfaces. You must go to the appropriate configuration page to make changes to any of the settings displayed here (configuration changes cannot be made from this page). You can click on any item (underlined) in the Interface column to “jump” to the associated configuration page.
Wireless LAN Array Network Settings This page allows you to establish configuration settings for the 10/100 Fast Ethernet interface and the 10/100/1000 Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 interfaces. # Gigabit 2 settings will “mirror” Gigabit 1 settings (except for MAC addresses) and cannot be configured separately. When finished, click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, then click on the Save button to save your changes. more ... Figure 56.
Wireless LAN Array ... continued Figure 57. WMI: Network Settings Page (Part 2) Network Interface Ports The following diagram shows the location of each network interface port on the underside of the Array. Serial Fast Ethernet Gigabit 1 Gigabit 2 Figure 58.
Wireless LAN Array Procedure for Configuring the Network Interfaces 1. Configure the Fast Ethernet, Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 network interfaces. The fields for each of these interfaces are the same, and include: a. Enable Interface: Choose Yes to enable this network interface (Fast Ethernet, Gigabit 1 or Gigabit 2), or choose No to disable the interface. b.
Wireless LAN Array e. Configuration Server Protocol: Choose DHCP to instruct the Array to use DHCP when assigning IP addresses to the Array, or choose Static IP if you intend to enter IP addresses manually. z IP Address: If you selected the Static IP option, enter a valid IP address for the Array. To use any of the remote connections (Web, SNMP, or SSH), a valid IP address must be established.
Wireless LAN Array Network Statistics This is a status only page that allows you to review statistical data associated with each network interface and its activity. You can Refresh the data (update the page with the latest information) or Clear the data (reset all content to zero and begin counting again) at any time by clicking on the appropriate button. If you are experiencing problems, you may also want to print this page for your records. Figure 59.
Wireless LAN Array DHCP Settings This page allows you to enable/disable DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server functionality. DHCP allows the Array to provide wireless clients with IP addresses and other networking information. The DHCP server will not provide DHCP services to the wired side of the network. If you enable the DHCP server, you need to define the DHCP lease time (default and maximum) and establish the IP address range that the DHCP server can use.
Wireless LAN Array Procedure for Configuring the DHCP Server 86 1. Enable DHCP Server: Choose Yes to enable DHCP services, or choose No to disable DHCP services. 2. Default Lease (seconds): This field defines the default DHCP lease time (in seconds). The factory default is 300 seconds, but you can change the default at any time. 3. Maximum Lease (seconds): Enter a value (in seconds) to define the maximum allowable DHCP lease time. The default is 300 seconds. 4.
Wireless LAN Array DNS Settings This page allows you to establish your DNS (Domain Name System) settings. At least one DNS server must be set up if you want to offer clients associating with the Array the ability to use meaningful host names instead of numerical IP addresses. When finished, click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, then click on the Save button to save your changes. Figure 61.
Wireless LAN Array Procedure for Configuring DNS Servers 88 1. DNS Host Name: Enter a valid DNS host name. 2. DNS Domain: Enter the DNS domain name. 3. DNS Server 1: Enter the IP address of the primary DNS server. 4. DNS Server 2: Enter the IP address of the secondary DNS server. 5. DNS Server 3: Enter the IP address of the tertiary DNS server. 6. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session. 7.
Wireless LAN Array IAP Interfaces This is a status only page that allows you to review configuration data associated with each Integrated Access Point (radio). It includes a list of which IAP radios are enabled, the channel that each radio is currently using, cell sizes, and how many users are currently associated with each radio.
Wireless LAN Array IAP Settings This page allows you to enable/disable Integrated Access Points (radios), define the wireless mode for each radio, specify the channel to be used and the cell size for each radio, establish transmit/receive parameters, and select antennas. When finished, click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, then click on the Save button to save your changes. To see a diagram of the layout and naming of radios, go to Figure 6 on page 10. Figure 63.
Wireless LAN Array Procedure for Auto Configuring IAPs (Radios) You can auto-configure radios by clicking on the Auto Configure button on the relevant WMI page (auto configuration only applies to enabled radios): z For all radios, go to the “Global Settings” on page 93. z For all 802.11a radios, go to the “Global Settings .11a” on page 96. z For all 802.11b/g radios, go to the “Global Settings .11bg” on page 99. Procedure for Manually Configuring IAPs (Radios) 1.
Wireless LAN Array In a large office, or if multiple Arrays are in use, you should choose Small cells to achieve a higher data rate, since walls and other objects will not define the cells naturally. For additional information about cell sizes, go to “Coverage and Capacity Planning” on page 25. 5. In the Antenna Select column, choose the antenna you want this radio to use from the pull-down list.
Wireless LAN Array Global Settings This page allows you to establish global IAP (radio) settings. Global IAP settings include enabling or disabling all radios (regardless of their operating mode), autoconfiguring channel allocations, enabling or disabling the Beacon World Mode and EDCF, specifying the short and long retry limits, and defining the beacon interval and DTIM period. Changes you make on this page are applied to all IAPs (radios), without exception. Figure 65.
Wireless LAN Array Procedure for Configuring Global IAP Settings 94 1. IAP Status: Click on the Enable All IAPs button to enable all radios for this Array, or click on the Disable All IAPs button to disable all radios. 2. Channel Configuration: Click on the Auto Configure button to instruct the Array to determine the best channel allocation settings for each radio and select the channel automatically, based on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for channel allocations. 3.
Wireless LAN Array 8. DTIM Period: A DTIM (Delivery Traffic Indication Message) is a signal sent as part of a beacon by the Array to a client device in sleep mode, alerting the device to a packet awaiting delivery. Enter the desired value in the DTIM Period field, between 1 and 255. The value you enter here is applied to all radios. 9. Station Re-Authentication Period: This option allows you to specify a time (in seconds) for the duration of station reauthentications. 10.
Wireless LAN Array Global Settings .11a This page allows you to establish global 802.11a IAP (radio) settings. These settings include defining which 802.11a data rates are supported, enabling or disabling all 802.11a radios, auto-configuration of channel allocations for all 802.11a radios, and specifying the fragmentation and RTS thresholds for all 802.11a radios. Figure 66. WMI: Global Settings .
Wireless LAN Array Procedure for Configuring Global 802.11a IAP Settings 1. 802.11a Data Rates: The Array allows you to define which data rates are supported for all 802.11a radios. Figure 67. Specifying 802.11a Data Rates Select (or deselect) data rates by clicking in the corresponding Supported and Basic data rate check boxes. z Basic Rate—a wireless station (client) must support this rate in order to associate. z Supported Rate—the Array will use this data rate for transmissions to clients. 2.
Wireless LAN Array 98 4. Channel Configuration: Click on the Auto Configure button to instruct the Array to determine the best channel allocation settings for each 802.11a radio and select the channel automatically, based on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for 802.11a channel allocations. 5. Set Cell Size: The Cell Size may be set globally for all 802.11a IAPs to Large, Medium, or Small using a drop down menu. 6.
Wireless LAN Array Global Settings .11bg This page allows you to establish global 802.11b/g IAP (radio) settings. These settings include defining which 802.11b and 802.11g data rates are supported, enabling or disabling all 802.11b/g radios, auto-configuration of channel allocations for all 802.11b/g radios, and specifying the fragmentation and RTS thresholds for all 802.11b/g radios. Figure 68. WMI: Global Settings .
Wireless LAN Array Procedure for Configuring Global 802.11b/g IAP Settings 1. 802.11g Data Rates: The Array allows you to define which data rates are supported for all 802.11g radios. Figure 69. Specifying 802.11g Data Rates Select (or deselect) data rates by clicking in the corresponding Supported and Basic data rate check boxes. 2. z Basic Rate—a wireless station (client) must support this rate in order to associate. z Supported Rate—the Array will use this data rate for transmissions to clients.
Wireless LAN Array 3. Optimize Data Rates: The Xirrus Wireless LAN Array can optimize your 802.11b/g data rates automatically, based on range or throughput. Click on the Range button to optimize data rates based on range, or click on the Throughput button to optimize data rates based on throughput. The Restore Default Rates button will take you back to the factory default rate settings. 4. 802.11bg IAP Status: Click on the Enable 802.11b/g IAPs button to enable all 802.
Wireless LAN Array 11. Fragmentation Threshold: This is the maximum size for directed data packets transmitted over the 802.11b/g radio. Larger frames fragment into several packets, their maximum size defined by the value you enter here. Enter the desired Fragmentation Threshold value in this field, between 256 and 2346). 12. RTS Threshold: The RTS (Request To Send) Threshold specifies the packet size.
Wireless LAN Array IAP LED Settings This page allows you to set up the Array’s IAP LEDs, including the assignment of behavior preferences. Figure 71. WMI: IAP LED Settings Page Procedure for Configuring the IAP LEDs 1. LED State: This option determines which event triggers the LEDs, either when a radio is enabled or when a radio first associates with the network. Choose On Radio Enabled or On First Association, as desired. 2.
Wireless LAN Array Statistics This is a status only page that provides an overview of the statistical data associated with individual radios. For more detailed information about a specific radio, simply click on any radio in the left column, or go to the statistics page for the desired radio (for example, Statistics IAP abg4). You can Refresh or Clear the data on this page at any time by clicking on the appropriate button. Figure 72.
Wireless LAN Array Statistics (for specific radios) These pages provide a detailed statistical summary of each radio’s performance, displayed either numerically or by percentage (your choice). The following image shows an example from the XS-3700 product of the Statistics IAP a4 page (for the a4 radio). The default Statistics Type is NUMERIC, but you can change this to PERCENTAGE from the pull-down menu at the top of the page.
