USER’S GUIDE Wireless Arrays and Access Points XR Series November 26, 2013 Release 6.
Wireless Arrays and Access Points ™ XR Series All rights reserved. This document may not be reproduced or disclosed in whole or in part by any means without the written consent of Xirrus, Inc.
Trademarks is a registered trademark of Xirrus, Inc. All other trademarks and brand names are marks of their respective holders. Please see Legal Notices, Warnings, Compliance Statements, and Warranty and License Agreements in “Appendix C: Notices (Arrays except XR-500/600 and Models Ending in H)” on page 501. Xirrus, Inc. 2101 Corporate Center Drive Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA Tel: Fax: 1.805.262.1600 1.800.947.7871 Toll Free in the US 1.866.462.3980 www.xirrus.
Wireless Array Table of Contents List of Figures.................................................................................... xiii Introduction ......................................................................................... 1 The Xirrus Family of Products ............................................................................... 1 Nomenclature .................................................................................................... 2 Why Choose the Xirrus Wireless Array? ..
Wireless Array About this User’s Guide ........................................................................................ 21 Organization .................................................................................................... 21 Notes and Cautions ........................................................................................ 23 Screen Images .................................................................................................. 23 Product Specifications ..............
Wireless Array Common Deployment Options .................................................................... 57 Installation Workflow ........................................................................................... 58 Installing Your Wireless Array ............................................................................ 60 Choosing a Location ....................................................................................... 60 Wiring Considerations ......................................
Wireless Array Array Configuration ....................................................................................... 99 Admin History .............................................................................................. 100 Network Status Windows ................................................................................... 100 Network ......................................................................................................... 101 Network Map ................................
Wireless Array Per-Station Statistics ..................................................................................... 146 Application Control Windows ........................................................................... 147 About Application Control ......................................................................... 147 Application Control ...................................................................................... 149 Stations (Application Control) ..............................
Wireless Array Admin Management .................................................................................... 214 Admin Privileges .......................................................................................... 216 Admin RADIUS ............................................................................................ 218 About Creating Admin Accounts on the RADIUS Server ............. 218 Management Control .................................................................................
Wireless Array Global Settings .11an .................................................................................... 298 Global Settings .11bgn .................................................................................. 303 Global Settings .11n ...................................................................................... 309 Global Settings .11ac ..................................................................................... 312 Global Settings .11u ...............................
Wireless Array Cluster Management ................................................................................... 362 Cluster Operation ........................................................................................ 363 Mobile .................................................................................................................... 366 AirWatch ........................................................................................................
Wireless Array acl .................................................................................................................... 410 admin .............................................................................................................. 411 auth ................................................................................................................. 412 cdp ...................................................................................................................
Wireless Array uptime ............................................................................................................. 451 vlan .................................................................................................................. 451 wifi-tag ........................................................................................................... 452 Sample Configuration Tasks ..............................................................................
Wireless Array Appendix B: FAQ and Special Topics ............................................................... 479 General Hints and Tips ....................................................................................... 479 Frequently Asked Questions .............................................................................. 480 Multiple SSIDs ............................................................................................... 480 Security ............................................
Wireless Array Appendix E: Medical Usage Notices ................................................................ 545 Glossary of Terms.......................................................................... 551 Index................................................................................................
Wireless Array List of Figures Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14. Figure 15. Figure 16. Figure 17. Figure 18. Figure 19. Figure 20. Figure 21. Figure 22. Figure 23. Figure 24. Figure 25. Figure 26. Figure 27. Figure 28. Figure 29. Figure 30. Figure 31. Figure 32. Figure 33. Figure 34. Xirrus Arrays: XR Series ............................................................................
Wi-Fi Array Figure 35. Figure 36. Figure 37. Figure 38. Figure 39. Figure 40. Figure 41. Figure 42. Figure 43. Figure 44. Figure 45. Figure 46. Figure 47. Figure 48. Figure 49. Figure 50. Figure 51. Figure 52. Figure 53. Figure 54. Figure 55. Figure 56. Figure 57. Figure 58. Figure 59. Figure 60. Figure 61. Figure 62. Figure 63. Figure 64. Figure 65. Figure 66. Figure 67. Figure 68. Figure 69. Figure 70. Figure 71. xiv Notice for XMS-Managed Array ...........................................................
Wireless Array Figure 72. Figure 73. Figure 74. Figure 75. Figure 76. Figure 77. Figure 78. Figure 79. Figure 80. Figure 81. Figure 82. Figure 83. Figure 84. Figure 85. Figure 86. Figure 87. Figure 88. Figure 89. Figure 90. Figure 91. Figure 92. Figure 93. Figure 94. Figure 95. Figure 96. Figure 97. Figure 98. Figure 99. Figure 100. Figure 101. Figure 102. Figure 103. Figure 104. Figure 105. Figure 106. Figure 107. Figure 108. Station RSSI Values ............................................................
Wi-Fi Array Figure 109. Figure 110. Figure 111. Figure 112. Figure 113. Figure 114. Figure 115. Figure 116. Figure 117. Figure 118. Figure 119. Figure 120. Figure 121. Figure 122. Figure 123. Figure 124. Figure 125. Figure 126. Figure 127. Figure 128. Figure 129. Figure 130. Figure 131. Figure 132. Figure 133. Figure 134. Figure 135. Figure 136. Figure 137. Figure 138. Figure 139. Figure 140. Figure 141. Figure 142. Figure 143. Figure 144. Figure 145. xvi Time Settings (NTP Time Enabled)...................
Wireless Array Figure 146. Figure 147. Figure 148. Figure 149. Figure 150. Figure 151. Figure 152. Figure 153. Figure 154. Figure 155. Figure 156. Figure 157. Figure 158. Figure 159. Figure 160. Figure 161. Figure 162. Figure 163. Figure 164. Figure 165. Figure 166. Figure 167. Figure 168. Figure 169. Figure 170. Figure 171. Figure 172. Figure 173. Figure 174. Figure 175. Figure 176. Figure 177. Figure 178. Figure 179. Figure 180. Figure 181. Figure 182. Group Management ...................................
Wi-Fi Array Figure 183. Figure 184. Figure 185. Figure 186. Figure 187. Figure 188. Figure 189. Figure 190. Figure 191. Figure 192. Figure 193. Figure 194. Figure 195. Figure 196. Figure 197. Figure 198. Figure 199. Figure 200. Figure 201. Figure 202. Figure 203. Figure 204. Figure 205. Figure 206. Figure 207. Figure 208. Figure 209. Figure 210. xviii System Command (Ping)....................................................................... 383 Radius Ping Output.........................................
Wireless Array Introduction These topics introduce the Xirrus Wireless Array, including an overview of its key features and benefits. z “The Xirrus Family of Products” on page 1. z “Why Choose the Xirrus Wireless Array?” on page 3. z “Wireless Array Product Overview” on page 4. z “Key Features and Benefits” on page 15. z “Advanced Feature Sets” on page 17. z “About this User’s Guide” on page 21. The Xirrus Family of Products Figure 1.
Wireless Array z Xirrus Management System (XMS) XMS is used for managing large Array deployments from a centralized Web-based interface. Xirrus offers XMS Cloud—a software as a service option for XMS, capable of managing all aspects of your Xirrus network, including automatic software and firmware upgrades for the network. For XMS Cloud customers, all Array management is performed via the cloud. Access to Arrays via CLI and Web Management Interface is disabled.
Wireless Array The Xirrus Management System is referred to as XMS. The Power over Gigabit Ethernet system may be referred to as PoGE. Why Choose the Xirrus Wireless Array? The deployment of wireless is a necessity as businesses strive for greater flexibility in the workplace and the need for employee mobility rises. The user community is placing spiraling and often unanticipated demands on the wireless network, with the rapid proliferation of devices such as iPads and wireless enabled phones.
Wireless Array Whether you have just a handful of users or thousands of users, the Xirrus Array has the scalability and flexibility to serve your needs.
Wireless Array Multiple versions of the Array with different numbers of Integrated Access Points (IAPs) support a variety of deployment applications.
Wireless Array XR Wireless Array Product Family XR-500 Series Access Points These Access Points have one Gigabit Ethernet port and two radios—one multistate radio (2.4GHz or 5GHz) and one 5GHz radio. They support 300Mbps, connecting up to 240 users at one time. The XR-500 provides flexibility for delivering wireless service in low-to-medium user density scenarios, in challenging deployments in areas with high RF attenuation, and in isolated or physically separated locations.
Wireless Array XR-600 Series Access Points The XR-600 Series provides robust wireless service in low-to-medium user density scenarios. These Access Points have two Gigabit Ethernet ports and two multi-state radios (2.4GHz or 5GHz). Each of the XR-630’s 3x3 802.11ac radios supports 1.3Gbps, connecting up to 240 users at one time with 2.6Gbps total Wi-Fi bandwidth. Like XR Arrays, these models have an integrated controller, firewall, threat sensor spectrum analyzer, and application-level intelligence.
Wireless Array XR-1000 These Arrays include models with one Gigabit Ethernet port and two multi-state radios (2.4GHz or 5GHz) that can support 300Mbps or 450Mbps, connecting up to 480 users at one time. The Xirrus XR-1000 Series Wireless Array is a two slot chassis available in a two multi-state (2.4GHz or 5GHz) radio configuration with up to 900Mbps of bandwidth (up to 450 Mbps per radio).
Wireless Array XR-2000 Series Arrays These Arrays include models with one or two Gigabit Ethernet ports and two or four multi-state radios (2.4GHz or 5GHz) that can support 300Mbps or 450Mbps, connecting up to 960 users at one time. The Xirrus XR-2000 Series Wireless Array is a four slot chassis available in a four multi-state (2.4GHz or 5GHz) radio configuration supporting up to 1.8Gbps of bandwidth.
Wireless Array ports, one of which accepts POE+ power supplied by a Xirrus-supplied power injector or an IEEE802.3at powered switch. XR-4000 Series Arrays These Arrays include models with two Gigabit Ethernet ports and four or eight radios (IAPs), connecting up to 1920 users at one time and offering a maximum wireless bandwidth of 3.6 Gbps (up to 450 Mbps per radio). Smaller models may be upgraded to eight radios later when your needs change.
Wireless Array XR-6000 Series Arrays These Arrays include models with four Gigabit Ethernet ports and up to sixteen radios, connecting up to 1792 users at one time and offering a maximum wireless bandwidth of 7.2 Gbps (up to 450 Mbps per radio). Smaller models may be upgraded to sixteen radios later when your needs change. A 10 Gigabit modular Ethernet expansion port (DVI connector) is available to meet high traffic demands. It is used only with an optional Xirrus 10 Gig fiber optics adapter.
Wireless Array Why Choose the Xirrus Wireless Array? Enterprise Class Security The latest and most effective wireless encryption security standards, including WPA (Wireless Protected Access) and WPA2 with 802.11i AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) are available on the Wireless Array. In addition, the use of an embedded RADIUS server (or 802.
Wireless Array All radios are activated with coverage spanning 360 degrees. If within range, clients will always receive coverage regardless of their geographic position relative to the Array. Radios may be assigned to 2.4 GHz and/or 5.0 GHz bands in any desired pattern. z Partial pattern coverage If desired, the Wireless Array can be deployed close to an exterior wall.
Wireless Array Specific models of the Array are compatible with specific PoGE modules. Enterprise Class Management The Wireless Array can be used with its default settings, or using zero touch cloud-based automated provisioning. Settings may also be customized using the Array’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI). The WMI enables easy configuration and control from a graphical console, plus a full complement of troubleshooting tools and statistics. Figure 5.
Wireless Array Management Protocol) is also supported to allow management from an SNMP compliant management tool, such as the optional Xirrus Management System. # For deployments of more than five Arrays, we recommend that you use the on-premise or cloud-based Xirrus Management System (XMS). XMS offers a rich set of features for fine control over large deployments.
Wireless Array In the recommended configuration, one IAP is configured in RF monitoring and intrusion detection/prevention mode. Extended Coverage One XR-7630 solution enables you to replace fifteen access points (including one omnidirectional IAP for monitoring the network). Fifteen IAP radios with integrated directional antennas provide increased wireless range and enhanced data rates in all directions.
Wireless Array Powerful Management The Xirrus Management System (XMS) offers real time monitoring and management capabilities for the wireless network. Secure Wireless Access Multiple layers of authentication and encryption ensure secure data transmissions. The Wireless Array is 802.11i compliant with line-rate encryption support for 40 and 128 bit WEP, WPA and WPA2 with TKIP and AES encryption. Authentication is provided via 802.
Wireless Array wireless bandwidth to wireless stations across multiple RF channels. The result maximizes overall network performance with superior flexibility and capacity. Today's wireless infrastructure is faced with ever increasing numbers and variations of wireless enabled clients, whether in the form of notebooks, netbooks, smart phones, IP phones, printers, projectors, cameras, RFID tags, etc. The advent of higher speed 802.
Wireless Array from multiple types of threats. The result delivers uncompromised overall network security with superior flexibility and performance. Wireless networks face a number of potential security threats in the form of rogue access points, ad-hoc clients, unauthorized clients, wireless-based attacks, eavesdropping, etc. As 802.11n is increasingly adopted in enterprise networks, defending against these threats becomes more critical.
Wireless Array appropriate tools are available to the user to analyze, optimize, and troubleshoot their changing environments. The distributed architecture of the Array enables the execution of powerful wireless and networking analysis at the edge of the network where packets traverse the wireless-to-wired boundary. The Array includes an embedded wireless controller with the necessary computing and memory resources to provide these functions securely at the network's edge.
Wireless Array VoIP and WebEx. See “Application Control Windows” on page 147 for more information. About this User’s Guide This User’s Guide provides detailed information and procedures that will enable wireless network administrators to install, configure and manage the Wireless Array so that end users can take full advantage of the product’s features and functionality without technical assistance.
Wireless Array z Using Tools on the Wireless Array Contains procedures for using utility tools provided in the Web Management Interface. It includes procedures for upgrading the system firmware, uploading and downloading configurations and other files, using diagnostic tools, and resetting the Array to its factory defaults.
Wireless Array z Index The index is a valuable information search tool. Use the index to locate specific topics discussed in this User’s Guide. Simply click on any page number in the index to jump to the referenced topic. Notes and Cautions The following symbols are used throughout this User’s Guide: # ! This symbol is used for general notes that provide useful supplemental information. This symbol is used for cautions.
Wireless Array Product Specifications Please refer to the Xirrus web site for the latest specifications for these Arrays— www.xirrus.
Wireless Array Installing the Wireless Array The instructions for completing a successful installation include the following topics: z “Installation Prerequisites” on page 25. z “Planning Your Installation” on page 28. z “Installation Workflow” on page 58. z “Installing Your Wireless Array” on page 60. z “Powering Up the Wireless Array” on page 64. z “Establishing Communication” on page 67. z “Performing the Express Setup Procedure” on page 72.
Wireless Array ports, depending on the model (see “XR Wireless Array Product Family” on page 6). ! The Array’s Ethernet ports should be connected to an Ethernet switch, not an Ethernet hub — if a hub is used, we recommend that you do not bondpair Ethernet ports. z Secure Shell (SSH) utility To establish secure remote command line access to the Array, you need a Secure Shell (SSH) utility, such as PuTTY. The utility must be configured to use SSH-2, since the Array will only allow SSH-2 connections.
Wireless Array Optional Network Components The following network components are optional. z Xirrus Management System (XMS) The optional XMS offers powerful management features for small or large Wireless Array deployments. z External RADIUS server Although your Array comes with an embedded RADIUS server, for 802.1x authentication in large deployments you may want to add an external RADIUS server. Client Requirements The Wireless Array should only be used with Wi-Fi certified client devices.
Wireless Array Planning Your Installation This section provides guidelines and examples to help you plan your Xirrus Wireless Array deployment to achieve the best overall coverage and performance. We recommend you conduct a site survey to determine the best location and settings for each Array you install. The following topics are discussed: z “General Deployment Considerations” on page 28 z “Coverage and Capacity Planning” on page 30 z “IEEE 802.
Wireless Array on the types of materials and background RF (radio frequency) noise at your location. To maximize wireless range, follow these basic guidelines: 1. Keep the number of walls and ceilings between the Array and your receiving devices to a minimum — each wall or ceiling can reduce the wireless range from between 3 and 90 feet (1 to 30 meters). Position your devices so that the number of walls or ceilings is minimized. 2. Be aware of the direct line between each device.
Wireless Array Coverage and Capacity Planning This section considers coverage and capacity for your deployment(s), including placement options, RF patterns and cell sizes, area calculations, roaming considerations, and channel allocations. # XR-500 Series radios are omni-directional rather than directional (sectored), and discussions involving sectored radios are not applicable to these Arrays. Placement Use the following guidelines when considering placement options: 1.
Wireless Array RF Patterns The Wireless Array allows you to control — automatically or manually — the pattern of wireless coverage that best suits your deployment needs. You can choose to operate with full coverage, half coverage, or custom coverage (by enabling or disabling individual sectors). Full (Normal) Coverage In normal operation, the Array provides a full 360 degrees of coverage. Figure 9. Full (Normal) Coverage Half Coverage outside wall Figure 10.
Wireless Array Custom Coverage Where there are highly reflective objects in proximity to the Array, you can turn off specific radios to avoid interference and feedback. reflective object Figure 11. Custom Coverage Capacity and Cell Sizes Cell sizes should be estimated based on the number of users, the applications being used (for example, data/video/voice), and the number of Arrays available at the location.
Wireless Array Fine Tuning Cell Sizes Adjusting the transmit power allows you to fine tune cell sizes. There are four standard sizes — Small, Medium, Large, or Max (the default is Max). There is also an Auto setting that automatically determines the best cell size, and a Manual setting that allows you to choose your power settings directly. Small Medium Large Figure 13.
Wireless Array Sharp Cell This patented Xirrus RF management option automatically creates more intelligently defined cells and improves performance by creating smaller, highthroughput cells. By dynamically limiting each cell to a defined boundary (cell size), the trailing edge bleed of RF energy is reduced, thus minimizing interference between neighboring Wireless Arrays or other Access Points. To enable the Sharp Cell feature, go to “RF Power & Sensitivity” on page 323.
Wireless Array automatically selecting and setting channels on the Array to the best channels available. This function is typically executed when initially installing Arrays in a new location and may optionally be configured to execute periodically to account for changes in the RF environment over time.
Wireless Array Manual Channel Selection You can manually assign channels on a per radio basis, though manual selection is not recommended (and not necessary). # To avoid co-channel interference, do not select adjacent channels for radios that are physically next to each other. Maintain channel separation Figure 15.
Wireless Array IEEE 802.11n Deployment Considerations The Xirrus Arrays support IEEE 802.11n on all IAPs, in both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. Use of 802.
Wireless Array should review the settings for your deployment, especially channel bonding. A global setting is provided to enable or disable 802.11n mode. See “Global Settings .11n” on page 309 to configure 802.11n operation. MIMO (Multiple-In Multiple-Out) MIMO (Multiple-In Multiple-Out) signal processing is one of the core technologies of 802.11n. It mitigates interference and maintains broadband performance even with weak signals. Prior to 802.11n, a data stream was transmitted via one antenna.
Wireless Array Multipath signals were considered to be interference by 802.11a/b/g radios, and degraded performance. In 802.11n, these signals are used to enhance performance. This extra sensitivity can be used for greater range or higher data rates. The enhanced signal is the processed sum of individual antennas. Signal processing eliminates nulls and fading that any one antenna would see.
Wireless Array Channel Bonding Channel bonding increases data rates by combining two adjacent 20 MHz channels into one 40 MHz channel. This increases the data rate to slightly more than double. A bonded 40 MHz channel is specified in terms of the Primary channel and the adjacent channel to Bond. The Bond channel is represented by +1 to use the channel above the Primary channel, or -1 to use the channel below.
Wireless Array Improved MAC Throughput These changes make 802.11n transmission of MAC frames 40% more efficient than legacy transmission: z MAC data frames are combined and given a single PHY header. z Implicit Block ACK acknowledges all data frames within a combined frame. z Spacing between frames is reduced.
Wireless Array quality will suffer and throughput will decrease. See “Global Settings .11n” on page 309 to configure the guard interval. Obtaining Higher Data Rates The data rate increase obtained by using 802.11n on an Array is incremental, based on the technologies that are applied and the options that you select: z Higher encoding rates (Mandatory in 802.11n) z Spatial Streams (Mandatory, but multiplier varies directly with number of streams selected.) z Channel Bonding (Mandatory in 802.
Wireless Array 802.11n Capacity 802.11n offers major increases in capacity over previous 802.11 standards, as shown in the table below. 802.11 Mode # Channels Max Theoretical Capacity 802.11 a/n: 3 Streams 23 23 * 450 Mbps = 10.2 Gbps 802.11 a/n: 2 Streams 23 23 * 300 Mbps = 6.8 Gbps 802.11 a/n: 1 Stream 23 23 * 150 Mbps = 3.4 Gbps 802.11 a 23 23 * 54 Mbps = 1.2 Gbps 802.11 g/n: 3 Streams 3 3 * 450 Mbps = 1.35 Gbps (1 or 2 streams have proportionally lower capacity) 802.
Wireless Array In addition, the Array has full failover protection between the bonded-pair Gigabit ports (see following table). Interface Bridges Data? Bridges Management Traffic? Fails Over To: Gigabit port Yes Yes Bonded port DHCP or static Bonded Gigabit port Yes Yes Bonded port Same IP address The Wireless Array Gigabit Ethernet ports actually support a number of modes: z 802.
Wireless Array Switch Failover Protection To ensure that service is continued in the event of a switch failure, you can connect Arrays having multiple Gigabit ports to more than one Ethernet switch (not a hub). Ethernet connections Backup switch Ethernet switch Figure 23. Switch Failover Protection # Gigabit Ethernet connections must be on the same subnet.
Wireless Array Power Planning All XR Series Array models support Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) with an integrated splitter. Power over Gigabit Ethernet To deliver power to the Array, you must use Xirrus-supplied Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) modules or powered switches. They provide power over Cat 5e or Cat 6 cables to the Array without running power cables — see Figure 4 on page 13. Specific models of the Array are compatible with specific PoGE modules.
Wireless Array Security Planning This section offers some useful guidelines for defining your preferred encryption and authentication method. For additional information, see “Understanding Security” on page 209 and the Security section of “Frequently Asked Questions” on page 480. Wireless Encryption Encryption ensures that no user can decipher another user’s data transmitted over the airwaves.
Wireless Array z Pre-Shared Key Uses a pass-phrase or key that is manually distributed to all authorized users. The same passphrase is given to client devices and entered into each Array. z MAC Access Control Lists (ACLs) MAC access control lists provide a list of client adapter MAC addresses that are allowed or denied access to the wireless network, and can be used in addition to any of the above authentication methods.
Wireless Array Port Requirements A number of ports are used by various Array features and by the Xirrus Management System (XMS). The Port Requirements table on page 50 lists ports and the features that require them (XMS port requirements are included in the table for your convenience). If you are using a feature, please make sure that the ports that it requires are not blocked by firewalls or other policies, and that they do not conflict with any other port assignments.
Wireless Array The following table lists port requirements for the Array and for XMS, how they are used, and whether they may be changed. Port Application Peer Configurable Array 50 icmp Ping XMS Server No 20 tcp 21 tcp FTP Client Yes 22 tcp SSH Client Yes 23 tcp Telnet Client Yes 25 tcp SMTP Mail Server No 69 udp TFTP TFTP Server No 123 udp NTP NTP Server No 161 udp SNMP XMS Server No 162 udp SNMP Traphost Note Up to four Traphosts may be configured.
Wireless Array Port Application Peer Configurable XMS icmp Ping Arrays No 22 tcp SSH Arrays Yes 25 tcp SMTP Mail Server Yes 123 udp NTP NTP Server No 161 udp SNMP Arrays No 162 udp SNMP Traphost 1 Arrays Via XMS config file 443 tcp HTTPS Arrays No 514 udp Resident Syslog server Internal* Via XMS config file 1099 tcp RMI Registry Internal* No 2000 tcp XMS Back-end Server Internal* No 3306 tcp MySQL Database Internal* No 8001 tcp Status Viewer Internal* No 8
Wireless Array See Also Management Control External Radius Services VLAN Management 52 Installing the Wireless Array
Wireless Array Network Management Planning Network management can be performed using any of the following methods: z Command Line Interface, using an SSH (Secure Shell) utility, like PuTTY. The utility must be set up to use SSH-2, since the Array will only allow SSH-2 connections. z Web-based management, using the Array’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI). This method provides configuration and basic monitoring tools, and is good for small deployments (one or two units).
Wireless Array WDS Planning WDS (Wireless Distribution System) creates wireless backhauls between Arrays, allowing your wireless network to be expanded using multiple Arrays without the need for a wired backbone to link them (see Figure 25). WDS features include: z One to three IAPs may be used to form a single WDS link, yielding up to 1350 Mbps bandwidth per link. Up to three different WDS links may be created on a single Array.
Wireless Array Figure 26. A Multiple Hop WDS Connection z Multiple WDS links can provide link redundancy (failover capability - see Figure 27). A network protocol (Spanning Tree Protocol — STP) prevents Arrays from forming network loops. Figure 27.
Wireless Array WDS links have a Host/Client relationship similar to the usual IAP/station pattern for Arrays: z A WDS Client Link associates/authenticates to a host (target) Array in the same way that a station associates to an IAP. The client side of the link must be configured with the root MAC address of the target (host) Array. z A WDS Host Link acts like an IAP by allowing one WDS Client Link to associate to it. An Array may have both client and host links.
Wireless Array Common Deployment Options The following table lists some typical and recommended deployment options for a number of the features that have been discussed in this chapter.
Wireless Array Installation Workflow This workflow illustrates the steps that are required to install and configure your Wireless Array successfully. Review this flowchart before attempting to install the unit on a customer’s network. Cloud XMS customers will skip the last two steps.
Wireless Array Failover Planning Installation Prerequisites Planning Your Installation Power Planning Wireless Array Product Overview Security Planning Installing the Wireless Array 59
Wireless Array Installing Your Wireless Array This section provides information about the physical installation of your Xirrus Wireless Array. For complete instructions, please see the Quick Installation Guide (QIG) for your model of Array or Access Point. Choosing a Location Based on coverage, capacity and deployment examples previously discussed, choose a location for the Array that will provide the best results for your needs.
Wireless Array Wiring Considerations Before using the Xirrus-supplied Power over Gigabit Ethernet modules (PoGE) to distribute power, see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE)” on page 13. Once you have determined the best location for your Wireless Array, you must run cables to the location for the following services: Power z No separate power cable to the Array is required when using PoGE modules. The PoGE module requires a dedicated AC power outlet (100 - 240 VAC).
Wireless Array ! The Array’s Ethernet ports should be plugged into an Ethernet switch, not an Ethernet hub — if a hub is used, we recommend that you connect only one Ethernet port.
Wireless Array Mounting and Connecting the Array A number of options are available for mounting Arrays, depending on the model: z Ceiling mount z Wall mount z Secure mount in a locking indoor enclosure z I-Beam mount in a protective enclosure (gymnasium mount) z Factory enclosure A detailed Quick Installation Guide is available at support.xirrus.com for the mounting option that you selected when ordering your Array. Please follow the provided instructions carefully.
Wireless Array Powering Up the Wireless Array When powering up, the Array follows a specific sequence of LED patterns showing the boot progress, and following a successful boot will provide extensive status information. Ethernet Activity and Status LEDs IAP LEDs Figure 30. LED Locations Array LED settings may be altered or disabled entirely for diagnostic purposes or for personal preference.
Wireless Array Array LED Operating Sequences Use the following tables to review the operating sequences of the Array’s LEDs.
Wireless Array LED Operation when Array is Running The normal LED operation when the Array is running is shown in the table below. Note that behavior may be modified using “LED Settings” on page 340 or via the CLI. LED Status Reason IAP LED is OFF IAP is down IAP LED is solid ON IAP is up, but no associations and no traffic IAP LED heartbeat IAP is up, with stations associated but no traffic IAP LED flashing IAP is up, passing traffic Flashing at 10 Hz Flashing at 5 Hz Flashing at 2.
Wireless Array See Also Installation Prerequisites Installation Workflow Installing Your Wireless Array LED Settings Establishing Communication # If you are a Xirrus Cloud customer or if this Access Point is part of an XMS “profile” managed network, your Access Points are completely managed by XMS, and you will not be able to access CLI or the Web Management Interface under normal operating circumstances.
Wireless Array settings for each Array before deployment. Settings may be duplicated from one Array to the next or entered in bulk. Please see the Xirrus Mobilize User’s Guide. Mobilize sets up an initial software image and configuration upon deployment of the Array. The Array will continue to check for further updates during a grace period after deployment (typically two weeks). After the grace period Mobilize does not provide continuing software and configuration updates.
Wireless Array GIGABIT1 POE /GIGABIT1 POE+ GIGABIT2 CONSOLE Figure 32. Network Interfaces—XR-2000 Series (left); XR-2005 Series (right) Serial (Console) Gigabit POE (gig1) Gigabit 2 (gig2) Figure 33. Network Interface Ports—XR-4000 Series Serial (Console) Gigabit POE1 (gig1) Gigabit POE2 (gig2) Gigabit 3 (gig3) Gigabit 4 (gig4) Figure 34.
Wireless Array Using the Serial Port If using the serial port to make your connection, use serial settings of 8 bits, no parity, no flow control, 1 stop bit (8N1) and a speed setting of 115200 baud. Use the communication package of your choice. You may use the serial port to change settings on the Array, even if the Array’s gigabit interfaces are in XMS managed mode (i.e., read-only mode, see “XMS-Managed Arrays Restrict Local Management” on page 78).
Wireless Array subnet, and set its subnet mask to 255.255.255.0. If this subnet is already in use on your network, you may connect your laptop directly to the Array by connecting the laptop to the power injector’s IN port temporarily (this port may be called the SWITCH port or the DATA port on your injector). Starting the WMI Use this procedure to log in to the WMI via your Web browser. 1. Establish a network connection and open your Web browser. 2.
Wireless Array license. The Array’s license is not installed at the factory. The Array must have a license before providing wireless service. If you need to enter the license manually, use the following procedure. It describes entering the license key using the WMI. If you are using the Xirrus Management System (XMS), you may use it to manage and upgrade large numbers of licenses for the wireless network. XMS Cloud will perform these functions for you automatically. 1.
Wireless Array Security Securing Low Level Access to the Array Most local management of the Xirrus Array is done via the Web Management Interface (WMI) or CLI—see “The Command Line Interface” on page 397. The Array also has a lower level interface: XBL (Xirrus Boot Loader), which allows access to more primitive commands. You won’t normally use XBL unless instructed to do so by Xirrus Customer Support.
Wireless Array z ! z Since XR-500 and XR-1000 and some XR-2000 models do not have a console port, these models have Xircon access to both XBL and CLI enabled by default. For Arrays that do not have a console port, to avoid potentially being locked out of the Array, Xircon should always be enabled at the XBL level at least.
Wireless Array Array42# 3. Type configure to enter the CLI config mode. Array42#configure 4. If Xircon access at the XBL level is to be allowed, use the following three commands to change the XBL username and password from the default values of admin/admin. In the example below, replace newusername and newpassword with your desired entries. Note that these entries are case-sensitive.
Wireless Array 76 Installing the Wireless Array
Wireless Array The Web Management Interface This topic provides an overview of the Xirrus Wireless Array’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI), used for establishing your network’s configuration settings and wireless operating parameters. It also includes login instructions.
Wireless Array XMS-Managed Arrays Restrict Local Management For Xirrus deployments of any size, we recommend that you use the Xirrus Management System (XMS) to manage the network rather than directly managing each Array individually. When Arrays are under management by XMS, configuration changes typically cannot be made directly by the WMI and CLI.
Wireless Array only for the duration of the user session. At the next login by this user, privileges revert to read-only. There is no equivalent override command for the WMI, and it is not possible to use the WMI to make changes to the Array settings at all when the Array is in XMS managed mode. Overriding XMS managed mode still allows XMS operations to proceed. For example: • XMS continues polling for statistics.
Wireless Array An Overview The WMI is an easy-to-use graphical interface to your Wireless Array. It allows you to configure the product to suit your individual requirements and ensure that the unit functions efficiently and effectively. Options allow you to choose among different appearances for the WMI. See “Options” on page 392. Figure 36. Web Management Interface—Option = New Style Figure 37.
Wireless Array Figure 38. Web Management Interface—Option = Classic Style Figure 39.
Wireless Array Structure of the WMI The content of the WMI is organized by function and hierarchy, shown in the following table. Click on any item below to jump to the referenced destination.
Wireless Array Configuration Windows Express Setup Network Network Interfaces Network Bonds DNS Settings CDP Settings Services Time Settings (NTP) NetFlow Wi-Fi Tag Location System Log SNMP DHCP Server VLANs VLAN Management Tunnels Tunnel Management Security Admin Management Admin Privileges Admin RADIUS Management Control Access Control List Global Settings External Radius Internal Radius Rogue Control List AirWatch SSIDs SSID Management Active IAPs Per-SSID Access Control List Groups Group Management The
Wireless Array User Interface Left frame Right frame Array info Top level menu (expand/collapse) Pull-down menu Help Log Message counters Click to configure IAP/view statistics Figure 40.
Wireless Array The WMI has been designed with simplicity in mind, making navigation quick and easy. In the following example, you’ll see that windows are divided into left and right frames. The left frame contains three main elements: z Menu organized by function (for example, Network, SSIDs, Security, etc.). Click a heading, such as Network, to display a summary of its current configuration, as well as an associated pull-down menu.
Wireless Array The right frame displays the status information or configuration parameters for the Wireless Array. This is where you review the Array’s current status and activity or input data (if you want to make changes). The green Array information bar at the top of the frame describes the Array — the Name and IP address allow you to quickly confirm that WMI is connected to the correct Array. The current Uptime since the last reboot is also shown.
Wireless Array Utility Buttons At the bottom of each window you will find a set of useful buttons — a Feedback button, a Print button and a Help button. Print button Feedback button Help button Figure 42. WMI: Utility Buttons z Click on the Feedback button to generate a Web page that allows you to submit your comments to Xirrus, Inc. z Click on the Print button to send a print file of the active window to your local printer. z Click on the Help button to access the Array’s online help system.
Wireless Array Logging In # If you are a Cloud XMS customer, then Arrays are managed via the cloud, and local Array management interfaces are inaccessible. If the Array is being managed by your own server for XMS Release 6.5 or above, and if the Array has been assigned to a named network in XMS, you will be restricted to read-only Array access. See “XMS-Managed Arrays Restrict Local Management” on page 78. Use this procedure to log in to the WMI via your Web browser. 1.
Wireless Array these cases, a particular section of a page may have its own Apply Settings button right below the settings. In both cases described above, the changes that you have made are not saved to the latest configuration file in the Array’s flash memory, so they will not be restored after a reboot. Click the Save changes to flash button (located on the upper right of each page) in order to make sure that these changes will be applied after rebooting.
Wireless Array 90 The Web Management Interface
Wireless Array Viewing Status on the Wireless Array # If you are a Cloud XMS customer, then Arrays are managed via the cloud, and local Array management interfaces are inaccessible. If the Array is being managed by your own server for XMS Release 6.5 or above, and if the Array has been assigned to a named network in XMS, you will be restricted to read-only Array access. See “XMS-Managed Arrays Restrict Local Management” on page 78.
Wireless Array Array Status Windows The following Array Status windows are available: z Array Summary — displays information on the configuration of all Array interfaces, including IAPs. z Array Information — provides version/serial number information for all Array components. z Array Configuration — shows all configuration information for the Array in text format. z Admin History — shows all current and past logins since the last reboot.
Wireless Array Content of the Array Summary Window The Array Summary window is sub-divided into the Ethernet Interfaces section and the Integrated Access Points (radio) section, providing you with the following information: z Ethernet Settings Summary This section provides information about network interface devices. To make configuration changes to these devices, go to “Network Interfaces” on page 167. • Interface: Lists the network interfaces that are available on the Array.
Wireless Array z z 94 Bond Settings Summary This section provides information about the relationship that has been selected for the Gigabit ports. For detailed explanations and to make configuration changes, see “Network Bonds” on page 171. • Bond: Lists all network bonds that have been configured. • Mode: Shows the type of relationship that has been selected for the Gigabit ports. • Ports: Shows the Gigabit ports that are part of this bond.
Wireless Array Figure 45. Disabled IAP (Partial View) • Channel: Shows which channel each IAP is using, and the channel setting. To avoid co-channel interference, adjacent radios should not be using adjacent channels. To make channel selections for a specific IAP, go to “IAP Settings” on page 279. • Wi-Fi Mode: Shows the 802.11 client types that the IAP has been configured to support. • Antenna: Shows which antenna is being used by each IAP.
Wireless Array The cell size of an IAP is a function of its transmit power and determines the IAP’s overall coverage. To define cell sizes, go to “IAP Settings” on page 279. For additional information about cell sizes and the importance of planning for and defining the optimum cell sizes for your Array, go to “Coverage and Capacity Planning” on page 30. • Tx Power: Shows the transmit power for each IAP. • Rx Threshold: Shows the receive threshold for each IAP.
Wireless Array The Array checks connectivity to network servers that you have configured (for example, DNS and NTP servers) on an ongoing basis. For each Setting, this list shows the server’s Host Name (if any), IP Address, and Status. Network assurance must be enabled on the Array in order to perform these connectivity tests and display this information. See “Management Control” on page 221.
Wireless Array Array Information This is a status only window that shows you the current firmware versions utilized by the Array, serial numbers assigned to each module, MAC addresses, licensing information, recent boot timestamps, and current internal temperatures and fan speed. Note that the License Features row lists the features that are supported by your Array’s license. See “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 373 and “Advanced Feature Sets” on page 17 for more information. Figure 48.
Wireless Array You cannot make configuration changes in this window, but if you are experiencing issues with network services, you may want to print the content of this window for your records. Array Configuration This is a status only window that allows you to display the configuration settings assigned to the Array, based on the following filter options: z Running — displays the current configuration (the one running now). z Saved — displays the saved configuration from this session.
Wireless Array To also include the default configuration settings in the output, choose your configuration then click in the Include Defaults check box. If Include Defaults is disabled, then only the changes from the default configuration are shown. Admin History It is useful to know who else is currently logged in to an array while you're configuring it. It's also nice to see who has logged in since the array booted.
Wireless Array z DHCP Leases — displays information about IP addresses (leases) that the Array has allocated to client stations. z Connection Tracking/NAT — lists connections that have been established for client stations. z CDP Neighbors — lists neighboring network devices using Cisco Discovery Protocol. z Network Assurance — shows results of connectivity tests for network servers. z Undefined VLANs — shows VLANs present on an 802.
Wireless Array WMI windows that allow you to change or view configuration settings associated with the network interfaces include: z “Network Interfaces” on page 167 z “Network Bonds” on page 171 z “DNS Settings” on page 177 z “CDP Settings” on page 178 Network Map This window offers detailed information about this Array and all neighboring Arrays, including how the Arrays have been set up within your network. Figure 52.
Wireless Array Content of the Network Map Window By default, the network map shows the following status information for each Array: z Array Name: The host name assigned to the Array. To establish the host name, go to “Express Setup” on page 159. You may click the host name to access WMI for this Array. z IP Address: The Array’s IP address. You may click the address to access WMI for this Array. If DHCP is enabled, the Array’s IP address is assigned by the DHCP server.
Wireless Array To see additional information, select from the following checkboxes at the bottom of the page. This will show the columns described below. Hardware z Model: The model number of each Array (XR-4820, XR-7630, etc.), plus the amount of RAM memory and the speed of the processor. z Serial: Displays the serial number of each Array. License z License: The license key of each Array. z Licensed Features: Lists the features enabled by the key.
Wireless Array Spanning Tree Status Multiple active paths between stations can cause loops in the network. If a loop exists in the network topology, the potential exists for the duplication of messages. The spanning tree protocol is a link management protocol that provides path redundancy while preventing undesirable loops. For a wireless network to function properly, only one active path can exist between two stations.
Wireless Array Routing Table This status-only window lists the entries in the Array’s routing table. The table provides the Array with instructions for sending each packet to its next hop on its route across the network. Figure 54. Routing Table See Also VLANs Configuring VLANs on an Open SSID ARP Table This status-only window lists the entries in the Array’s ARP table. For a device with a given IP address, this table lists the device’s MAC address.
Wireless Array DHCP Leases This status-only window lists the IP addresses (leases) that the Array has allocated to client stations. For each, it shows the IP address assigned from one of the defined DHCP pools, and the MAC address and host name of the client station. The start and end time of the lease show how long the allocation is valid. The same IP address is normally renewed at the expiration of the current lease. Figure 56.
Wireless Array Click the Show Hostnames checkbox at the top of the page to display name information (if any) for the source and destination location of the connection. The Hostname columns will replace traffic statistics columns. You may sort the rows based on any column that has an active column header, indicated when the mouse pointer changes to the hand icon . Click Refresh to update the information at any time. Click Auto Refresh to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically.
Wireless Array Network Assurance This status-only window shows the results of ongoing network assurance testing. Figure 59. Network Assurance The Array checks connectivity to network servers that you have configured (for example, DNS and NTP servers) on an ongoing basis. For each server, this list shows the server’s host name (if any), IP address, and status. Network assurance must be enabled on the Array in order to perform these connectivity tests and display this information.
Wireless Array Undefined VLANs This status-only window lists VLANs that have not been configured on the Array, but that are being detected on the Array’s trunk port(s), i.e. wired ports. See “VLANs” on page 199. Figure 60. Undefined VLANs This feature alerts you to the fact that an 802.1Q trunk to the Array has VLANs that are not being properly handled on the Array. To reduce unnecessary traffic, only VLANs that are actually needed on the Array should normally be on the trunk, e.g.
Wireless Array RF Monitor Windows Every Wireless Array includes an integrated RF spectrum analyzer as a standard feature. The spectrum analyzer allows you to characterize the RF environment by monitoring throughput, signal, noise, errors, and interference levels continually per channel. This capability uses the assigned threat-sensor (monitor) radio. The associated software is part of the ArrayOS.
Wireless Array IAPs The RF Monitor — IAPs window displays traffic statistics and RF readings observed by each Array IAP (radio). Note that the data is an instantaneous snapshot for the IAP — it is not an average or a cumulative total. To graph these values over time for a particular channel, see “Channel History” on page 118. For detailed information on the measurements displayed, please see “Spectrum Analyzer Measurements” on page 115. Figure 61.
Wireless Array You may sort the rows based on any column that has an active column header, indicated when the mouse pointer changes to the hand icon . Click Refresh to update the information at any time. Click Auto Refresh to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically. Spectrum Analyzer # The RF measurements for this feature are obtained by the monitor radio. You must have a radio set to monitor mode for any data to be available. See “IAP Settings” on page 279.
Wireless Array Select Display Options Click Channel number to highlight Figure 63. RF Spectrum Analyzer The Spectrum Analyzer offers several display options: 114 z To display horizontal bar graphs, click the Rotate checkbox at the bottom of the data window. z In the rotated view, if you wish to view data as a numerical table, click the Text checkbox. Click again to return to a graphical display. The text option is only available in the rotated view.
Wireless Array z When viewing a graphical display, click Bars to have the bar graphs displayed against a gray background — you may find this easier on the eyes. This operation is not available when Text is selected. z You may sort the rows based on any column that has an active column header, indicated when the mouse pointer changes to the hand icon Sorting is only available in the rotated view. z . At the bottom left of the frame, you may select whether to display only 2.
Wireless Array some channels since the monitor radio is set to receive at a very sensitive level, enabling it to hear packets from devices at far distances. z Average RSSI: Average RSSI level seen on 802.11 packets received on the channel. A dash value “-“means no RSSI data was available for the interval. z Average Data Rate: Average data rate over time (per byte, not per packet) seen on 802.11 packets received on the channel. A dash value “-“means no data rate information was available for the interval.
Wireless Array The Intrusion Detection window provides the easiest method for classifying rogue APs as Blocked, Known, Approved, or Unknown. Choose one or more APs using the checkbox in the Select column, then use the buttons on the upper left to classify them with the following actions: Approve, Set Known, Block, or Set Unknown.
Wireless Array Channel History The RF Monitor — Channel History window focuses on traffic statistics and RF readings observed for just one channel that you select in the Channel field. A new set of readings is added every 10 seconds for a 5 GHz channel, or every 5 seconds for a 2.4 GHz channel. For descriptions of the measurements displayed, please see “Spectrum Analyzer Measurements” on page 115. Figure 65. RF Monitor — Channel History Figure 65 presents the data in graphical form.
Wireless Array Figure 66. RF Monitor — Channel History (Rotated) If you select Rotate and Text together, data is presented as a numerical table. (Figure 67) Click Pause to stop collecting data, or Resume to continue. Figure 67.
Wireless Array Radio Assurance When Radio Assurance mode is enabled, the monitor radio performs loopback tests on the Array’s radios. When problems are encountered, the Array can take various actions to correct them by performing different levels of reset on the affected radio. This window shows which resets, if any, have been performed on which radios since the last reboot.
Wireless Array z Phy z MAC z System (i.e.
Wireless Array Station Status Windows The following Station Status windows are available: 122 z Stations — this list describes all stations associated to the Array. z Location Map — displays a map showing the approximate locations of all stations associated to the array. z RSSI — for each associated station, this displays the Received Signal Strength Indicator at each of the Array’s IAPs.
Wireless Array Stations This status-only window shows client stations currently visible to the Array. You may choose to view only stations that have Associated to the Array, or only stations that are Unassociated, or both, by selecting the appropriate checkboxes above the list.
Wireless Array reverse the sort order. You may select a specific station and perform one of the following actions by clicking the associated button: z Deny Access: Sends a de-authentication frame to the selected station and explicitly denies it access by adding its MAC address to the Deny List in the Access Control List window. To permit access again, go to “Access Control List” on page 228 and delete the station from the Deny list.
Wireless Array Location Map The Location Map shows the approximate locations of stations relative to this Array. The location of each station is computed based on the RSSI of its signal as received by the Array. The distance is adjusted based on the environment setting that you selected. You may display just the stations associated to this Array, unassociated stations (shown in gray), or both. The station count is shown on the right, above the map.
Wireless Array completely obscure another. You may minimize a station that is not of interest by clicking it. There is also a Minimize All button. You may replace the range-finder background image above with your own custom image of the floorplan of the area served by the Array — see “Working with the Custom Image” on page 128 Hover the mouse over a station to show detailed information.
Wireless Array z Display Associated/Unassociated: Select whether to display stations that are associated to the Array, stations that are not associated, or both. z Display 2.4 GHz/5 GHz: Select whether to display 802.11bgn stations, or 802.11an stations, or both. z Preferred Label: This field is located on the top of the window towards the right. It shows the type of label to be displayed for stations: NetBIOS is the default, else, an IP or MAC address will be used, in that order.
Wireless Array construction), or Indoor dense (many walls or obstructions, or unusually dense walls). z Scale: This view-only value shows the approximate distance represented by each hashmark on the default map background. z Associated, Unassociated, Total Stations: These view-only values show the station counts observed by the Array.
Wireless Array RSSI For each station that is associated to the Array, the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) window shows the station’s RSSI value as measured by each IAP. In other words, the window shows the strength of the station’s signal at each radio. You may choose to display Unassociated Stations as well with a checkbox at the bottom of the window. Figure 72. Station RSSI Values By default, the RSSI is displayed numerically.
Wireless Array the Auto Refresh check box to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically. See Also Station Status Windows RF Monitor Windows Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) For each station that is associated to the Array, the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) window shows the station’s SNR value as measured by each IAP. In other words, the window shows the SNR of the station’s signal at each IAP radio.
Wireless Array Figure 75. Station SNR Values — Colorized Graphical View In either graphical or tabular view, you may sort the rows based on any column that has an active column header, indicated when the mouse pointer changes to the hand icon . Click on the Refresh button to refresh the station list, or click in the Auto Refresh check box to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically.
Wireless Array Noise Floor For each station that is associated to the Array, the Noise Floor window shows the ambient noise affecting a station’s signal as measured by each IAP. The noise floor is the RSSI value when the station is not transmitting, sometimes called a Silence value. In other words, the window shows the noise floor of the station’s signal at each IAP radio. The noise floor value can be very useful for characterizing the environment of a station to determine the cause of poor performance.
Wireless Array Figure 77. Station Noise Floor Values — Colorized Graphical View In either graphical or tabular view, you may sort the rows based on any column that has an active column header, indicated when the mouse pointer changes to the hand icon . Click on the Refresh button to refresh the station list, or click in the Auto Refresh check box to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically.
Wireless Array Max by IAP This status-only window shows the maximum number of client stations that have historically been associated to the Array. For each IAP, the list shows the IAP’s state and channel number, the current number of stations associated, and the highest number of stations that have been associated over various periods of time: hour, day, week, month, and year.
Wireless Array Station Assurance Station assurance monitors the quality of the connections that users are experiencing on the wireless network. This window shows client stations that have had connectivity issues. You may enable or disable the station assurance feature and set thresholds for the problems that it checks, such as excessive packet retry or packet error rates, or stations that are unable to stay associated to the Array.
Wireless Array See Also IAPs Station Status Windows Station Assurance 136 Viewing Status on the Wireless Array
Wireless Array Statistics Windows The following Array Statistics windows are available: z IAP Statistics Summary — provides an overview of the statistical data associated with all IAPs. Expands to show links for displaying detailed statistics for individual IAPs. z Per-IAP Statistics — provides detailed statistics for an individual IAP. z Network Statistics — displays statistical data associated with each network (Ethernet) interface.
Wireless Array You can Refresh the data (update the window with the latest information) or Clear the data (reset all content to zero and begin counting again) at any time by clicking on the appropriate button. You can also click in the Auto Refresh check box to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically. See Also System Log Window Global Settings (IAP) Global Settings .11an Global Settings .
Wireless Array z Dropped Packets: the count of packets that were dropped due to various receive errors, including being received when all receive queues were full. These packets are dropped after being received. z Overruns: indicate the number of times that First-In-First-Out (FIFO) overflow errors occur. Figure 81.
Wireless Array See Also System Log Window Global Settings (IAP) Global Settings .11an Global Settings .11bgn IAPs Network Statistics This is a status only window that allows you to review statistical data associated with each network (Ethernet) interface and its activity. You can Refresh the data (update the window with the latest information) or Clear the data (reset all content to zero and begin counting again) at any time by clicking on the appropriate button.
Wireless Array VLAN Statistics This is a status only window that allows you to review statistical data associated with your assigned VLANs. You can refresh the information that is displayed on this page at any time by clicking on the Refresh button, or select the Auto Refresh option for this window to refresh automatically. The Clear All button at the lower left allows you to clear (zero out) all VLAN statistics. Figure 83.
Wireless Array WDS Statistics The main WDS Statistics window provides statistical data for all WDS client and host links. To access data about a specific WDS client or host link, simply click on the desired link in the left frame to access the appropriate window. You may also choose to view a sum of the statistics for all client links, all host links, or all links (both client and host links). Figure 84.
Wireless Array IDS Statistics The Xirrus Array employs a number of IDS/IPS (Intrusion Detection System/ Intrusion Prevention System) strategies to detect and prevent malicious attacks on the wireless network. This status-only window provides detailed intrusion detection statistics for the selected IAP. Use the Display Averages checkbox at the upper left to select the output format — check this option to express each statistic as an average rate, or leave it blank to display raw counts.
Wireless Array Filter Statistics The Filter Statistics window provides statistical data for all configured filters. The name, state (enabled — on or off), and type (allow or deny) of each filter is shown. For enabled filters, this window shows the number of packets and bytes that met the filter criteria. Click on a column header to sort the rows based on that column. Click on a filter name to edit the filter settings. Figure 86.
Wireless Array Station Statistics This status-only window provides an overview of statistical data for all stations. Stations are listed by MAC address, and Receive and Transmit statistics are summarized for each. For detailed statistics for a specific station, click the desired MAC address in the Station column and see “Per-Station Statistics” on page 146. Figure 87.
Wireless Array Per-Station Statistics This window provides detailed statistics for the selected station. This window is accessed from the Station Statistics window — click the MAC address of the desired entry in the Station column to display its Per-Station Statistics window. Receive and Transmit statistics are listed by Rate — this is the data rate in Mbps. For a summary of statistics for all stations, see “Station Statistics” on page 145.
Wireless Array Application Control Windows # This feature is only available if the Array license includes Application Control. See “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 373. The Application Control feature provides real-time visibility of application usage by users across the wireless network. Network usage has changed enormously in the last few years, with the increase in smartphone and tablet usage stressing networks.
Wireless Array Application Control can track application usage over time to monitor trends. Usage may be tracked by Array, VLAN, or station. Many hundreds of applications are recognized and grouped into a number of categories. The distributed architecture of Xirrus Arrays allows Application Control to scale naturally as you grow the network. About Risk and Productivity Application Control ranks applications in terms of their levels of risk an productivity.
Wireless Array Application Control This display-only window provides a snapshot of the application usage on your Array. In order to view the Application Control window, the Array must have a license that supports this feature, and you must have enabled the Application Control option on the Filter Lists page (see “Filter Lists” on page 352). Figure 89.
Wireless Array Selection Criteria At the top of the window, the options in the gray ribbon allow you to customize the display with the following choices: 150 z Display for VLAN: Use the drop-down list if you wish to select just one VLAN to analyze, or leave the default value of all to see data from all VLANs.
Wireless Array Pie Charts Figure 90. Application Control (Pie Charts) These charts provide a quick way to determine how your wireless bandwidth is being used. There are charts for Station Traffic and/or Array Management Traffic, depending on which checkboxes you selected. Similarly, there are charts for By Application and/or By Category, depending on your selections. The top ten applications or categories are listed, by percentage of bandwidth usage. Traffic Tables Figure 91.
Wireless Array These tables provide detailed information about how your wireless bandwidth is being used. There are tables for Station Traffic and/or Array Management Traffic, depending on which checkboxes you selected. Similarly, there are tables for By Application and/or By Category, depending on your selections. In addition to showing traffic statistics, there are two unique and highly useful columns.
Wireless Array Stations (Application Control) This status-only window shows client stations currently visible to the Array. The MAC address in the first column is a link. Click on a selected station, and the Application Control window opens with the Display for Station field set to that station, to perform a detailed analysis of its application usage. Figure 92.
Wireless Array System Log Window This is a status only window that allows you to review the system log, where system alerts and messages are displayed. Although there are no configuration options available in this window, you do have the usual choice of deciding how the event messages are sorted by clicking in the column header for the desired field (Time Stamp, Priority, or Message). z Time Stamp — sorts the list based on the time the event occurred.
Wireless Array IDS Event Log Window This status only window displays the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) Event log, listing any detected attacks on your network. For descriptions of the types of attacks detected, as well as the settings to fine-tune IDS on the Array, please see “Intrusion Detection” on page 334. The displayed messages may be filtered by using the Filter Event setting, which allows you to select just one type of intrusion to display.
Wireless Array 156 z Period — the length of the window used to determine whether the count of this type of event exceeded the threshold. z Current — the count of this type of event for the current period. z Average — the average count per period of this type of event. z Maximum — the maximum count per period of this type of event.
Wireless Array Configuring the Wireless Array # If you are a Cloud XMS customer, then Arrays are managed via the cloud, and local Array management interfaces are inaccessible. If the Array is being managed by your own server for XMS Release 6.5 or above, and if the Array has been assigned to a named network in XMS, you will be restricted to read-only Array access. See “XMS-Managed Arrays Restrict Local Management” on page 78.
Wireless Array otherwise the changes you make will not be applied the next time the Array is rebooted. # Some settings are only available if the Array’s license includes appropriate features. If a setting is unavailable (grayed out), then your license does not support the feature. See “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 373. Note that the Configuration menu section may be collapsed down to hide the headings under it by clicking it. Click again to display the headings. (See Figure 41 on page 85.
Wireless Array Express Setup Initial Array configuration via Mobilize sets items such as the SSIDs, encryption and authentication, and SNMP settings, as described in “Zero-Touch Setup Using Mobilize” on page 67. The Express Setup page allows you to see many of these values, or change them locally. Figure 95. WMI: Express Setup When finished, click Save changes to flash if you wish to make your changes permanent.
Wireless Array Procedure for Performing an Express Setup 1. License Key: An unlicensed Array will automatically contact Xirrus to obtain its license, if it has Internet connectivity. If you need to enter a license manually, enter it here. See “Licensing” on page 71. 2. Configure the Contact Information settings. a. Location: Enter a brief but meaningful description that accurately defines the physical location of the Array.
Wireless Array # 4. • Address: Enter a valid IP address for this Array. To use a remote connection (Web, SNMP, or SSH), a valid IP address must be used. • Subnet Mask: Enter a valid IP address for the subnet mask (the default is 255.255.255.0). The subnet mask defines the number of IP addresses that are available on the routed subnet where the Array is located. • Default Gateway: Enter a valid IP address for the default gateway.
Wireless Array source and destination stations can use to alter frame bits to avoid disclosure to eavesdroppers. • WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) — A Wi-Fi Alliance standard that contains a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard, using TKIP or AES as an encryption method and 802.1x for authentication. WPA is the stronger of the two wireless security schemes.
Wireless Array 5. Admin Settings: This section allows you to change the default admin username, password, and privileges for the Array. You may change the password and leave the user name as is, but we suggest that you change both to improve Array security. a. New Admin User (Replaces user “admin”): Enter the name of a new administrator user account.
Wireless Array to your deployment, select it and click Apply. For example, the HighDensity option uses best practices to configure the Array for high density settings such as lecture halls, convention centers, stadiums, etc. 8. IAP Settings: LED on Figure 96. LEDs are Switched On Enable/Configure All IAPs: Click on the Execute button to enable and auto configure all IAPs (a message displays the countdown time — in seconds — to complete the auto-configuration task).
Wireless Array Network This is a status-only window that provides a snapshot of the configuration settings currently established for the Ethernet interfaces. DNS Settings and CDP Settings (Cisco Discovery Protocol) are summarized as well. You must go to the appropriate configuration window to make changes to any of the settings displayed here (configuration changes cannot be made from this window). You can click on any item in the Interface column to “jump” to the associated configuration window.
Wireless Array Spanning Tree Status Network Statistics 166 Configuring the Wireless Array
Wireless Array Network Interfaces XR-500, XR-1000, and some XR-2000 Series Arrays have one Gigabit Ethernet interface, while XR-4000 and some XR-2000 Series Arrays have two, and XR-6000 Series models have four. This window allows you to establish configuration settings for these interfaces.
Wireless Array Figure 98. Network Settings When finished making changes, click Save changes to flash if you wish to make your changes permanent. When the status of a port changes, a Syslog entry is created describing the change. Network Interface Ports The following diagram shows the location of network interface ports on the underside of an XR Series Array. XR-6000 Series XR-4000 Series Console Gigabit1 POE Gigabit2 POE Gigabit3 Gigabit4 Console Gigabit1 POE Gigabit2 Figure 99.
Wireless Array 2. LED Indicator: Choose Enabled to allow the LED for this interface to blink with traffic on the port, or choose Disabled to turn the LED off. The LED will still light during the boot sequence, then turn off. This option is only available for the Gigabit interfaces. 3. Allow Management on Interface: Choose Yes to allow management of this Array via the selected network interface, or choose No to deny all management privileges for this interface. # 4.
Wireless Array 5. Configuration Server Protocol / IP Settings: Choose DHCP to instruct the Array to use DHCP when assigning IP addresses to the Array, or choose Static IP if you intend to enter IP addresses manually. If you select the Static IP option you must specify the IP address, IP subnet mask and default gateway. a. Address: If you selected the Static IP option, enter a valid IP address for the Array. To use any of the remote connections (Web, SNMP, or SSH), a valid IP address must be established.
Wireless Array Network Bonds On models with more than one Gigabit port these ports may be bonded, i.e. configured to work together in sets. For example, one port may provide active backup or load balancing for another, or other options as described in this section. XR-6000 Series Arrays have four Gigabit ports, and you may specify which ports are bonded to work together as a pair. You may also select more than two ports to work together in one group.
Wireless Array # If a set of Gigabit ports have been bonded, the IP address, IP mask, IP gateway, IP DHCP, and Management settings are shared between bonded ports. Any changes you make to these settings on one member will be reflected in the settings of the other members. Other settings may be configured individually. Procedure for Configuring Network Bonds Configure the bonding behavior of the Gigabit network interfaces. The fields for each of these bonds are the same, and include: 1.
Wireless Array (a) Active backup (b) Aggregate using 802.3ad Figure 101. Port Modes (a, b) b. Aggregate Traffic from gig ports using 802.3ad — The Array sends network traffic across all member Gigabit ports to increase link speed to the network. These ports act as a single logical interface, using a load balancing algorithm to balance traffic across the ports. For nonIP traffic (such as ARP), the last byte of the destination MAC address is used to do the calculation.
Wireless Array (c) Transmit on all ports Figure 102. Port Modes (c) (d) Load balance traffic Figure 103.
Wireless Array d. Load balance traffic between gig ports — This option provides trunking, similar to option (b) — Aggregate Traffic from gig1 & gig2 using 802.3ad, but it does not use 802.3ad and it uses a different load balancing algorithm to determine the outgoing Gigabit port. The outgoing port used is based on an exclusive OR of the source and destination MAC address. Like option (b), this mode also provides load balancing and fault tolerance. See Figure 103 (d). 2.
Wireless Array Active VLANs list. If you create new VLANs, they will not be passed unless you take action to add them to the list. 5. Mirror — Specify one of the active bonds (Bondx) that is to be mirrored by this bond (Bondy). (Figure 104) All wireless traffic received on the Array is transmitted out both Bondx and Bondy. All traffic received on Bondx is passed on to the onboard processor as well as out Bondy. All traffic received on Bondy is passed on to the onboard processor as well as out Bondx.
Wireless Array See Also Network Interfaces DNS Settings Network Network Statistics Spanning Tree Status DNS Settings This window allows you to establish your DNS (Domain Name System) settings. The Array uses these DNS servers to resolve host names into IP addresses. The Array also registers its own Host Name with these DNS servers, so that others may address the Array using its name rather than its IP address.
Wireless Array 4. DNS Server 2 and DNS Server 3: Enter the IP address of the secondary and tertiary DNS servers (if required). 5. Use DNS settings assigned by DHCP: If you are using DHCP to assign the Array’s IP address, you may turn this option On. The Array will then obtain its DNS domain and server settings from the network DHCP server that assigns an IP address to the Array, rather than using the DNS Server fields above. You may also configure that DHCP server to assign a host name to the Array. 6.
