December 2, 2008
Wi-Fi Array ™ XN16, XN12, XN8, XN4 XS16, XS12, XS8, XS4 XS-3900, XS-3700, XS-3500 All rights reserved. This document may not be reproduced or disclosed in whole or in part by any means without the written consent of Xirrus, Inc.
Trademarks is a registered trademark of Xirrus, Inc. All other trademarks and brand names are marks of their respective holders. Please see Legal Notices, Warnings, Compliance Statements, and Warranty and License Agreements in “Appendix E: Notices” on page 431. Xirrus, Inc. 2101 Corporate Center Drive Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA Tel: Fax: 1.805.262.1600 1.800.947.7871 Toll Free in the US 1.866.462.3980 www.xirrus.
Wi-Fi Array Table of Contents List of Figures...................................................................................... xi Introduction ......................................................................................... 1 The Xirrus Family of Products ............................................................................... 2 Nomenclature .................................................................................................... 4 About this User’s Guide ...................
Wi-Fi Array Product Specifications—XS16/XS-3900, XS12, and XS8/XS-3700 ........................................................................................................... 34 Product Specifications—XS4/XS-3500 ............................................................... 39 Installing the Wi-Fi Array ................................................................. 45 Installation Prerequisites ......................................................................................
Wi-Fi Array Port Requirements .......................................................................................... 72 Network Management Planning .................................................................. 75 WDS Planning ................................................................................................. 76 Deployment Summary ................................................................................... 79 Installation Workflow ................................................
Wi-Fi Array LED Boot Sequence ............................................................................... 108 LED Operation when Array is Running ............................................ 109 Establishing Communication with the Array .................................................. 110 Using the Serial Port ..................................................................................... 110 Using the Ethernet Ports ..............................................................................
Wi-Fi Array Intrusion Detection ...................................................................................... 147 Station Status Windows ...................................................................................... 149 Stations ........................................................................................................... 150 Location Map ................................................................................................. 151 RSSI ..................................
Wi-Fi Array Certificates and Connecting Securely to the WMI ............................ 211 Using the Array’s Default Certificate ................................................. 211 Using an External Certificate Authority ............................................. 212 Admin Management .................................................................................... 213 Admin RADIUS ............................................................................................ 214 Management Control ..
Wi-Fi Array RF Resilience .......................................................................................... 278 RF Power & Sensitivity ......................................................................... 279 RF Spectrum Management ................................................................... 280 LED Settings .................................................................................................. 283 WDS ...........................................................................
Wi-Fi Array contact-info .................................................................................................... 324 date-time ........................................................................................................ 325 dhcp-server .................................................................................................... 326 dns ................................................................................................................... 327 file .................
Wi-Fi Array Disabling Global IAPs .................................................................................. 361 Enabling a Specific IAP ................................................................................ 362 Disabling a Specific IAP ............................................................................... 363 Setting Cell Size Auto-Configuration for All IAPs .................................. 364 Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs .................................................
Wi-Fi Array Management .................................................................................................. 396 Keyboard Shortcuts ............................................................................................. 396 Appendix C: Technical Support ........................................................................ 399 General Hints and Tips ....................................................................................... 399 Frequently Asked Questions ...................
Wi-Fi Array List of Figures Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14. Figure 15. Figure 16. Figure 17. Figure 18. Figure 19. Figure 20. Figure 21. Figure 22. Figure 23. Figure 24. Figure 25. Figure 26. Figure 27. Figure 28. Figure 29. Figure 30. Figure 31. Figure 32. Figure 33. Figure 34. Xirrus Arrays...............................................................................................
Wi-Fi Array Figure 35. Figure 36. Figure 37. Figure 38. Figure 39. Figure 40. Figure 41. Figure 42. Figure 43. Figure 44. Figure 45. Figure 46. Figure 47. Figure 48. Figure 49. Figure 50. Figure 51. Figure 52. Figure 53. Figure 54. Figure 55. Figure 56. Figure 57. Figure 58. Figure 59. Figure 60. Figure 61. Figure 62. Figure 63. Figure 64. Figure 65. Figure 66. Figure 67. Figure 68. Figure 69. Figure 70. Figure 71. xii Installation Workflow ..................................................................
Wi-Fi Array Figure 72. Figure 73. Figure 74. Figure 75. Figure 76. Figure 77. Figure 78. Figure 79. Figure 80. Figure 81. Figure 82. Figure 83. Figure 84. Figure 85. Figure 86. Figure 87. Figure 88. Figure 89. Figure 90. Figure 91. Figure 92. Figure 93. Figure 94. Figure 95. Figure 96. Figure 97. Figure 98. Figure 99. Figure 100. Figure 101. Figure 102. Figure 103. Figure 104. Figure 105. Figure 106. Figure 107. Figure 108. Spanning Tree Status...............................................................
Wi-Fi Array Figure 109. Figure 110. Figure 111. Figure 112. Figure 113. Figure 114. Figure 115. Figure 116. Figure 117. Figure 118. Figure 119. Figure 120. Figure 121. Figure 122. Figure 123. Figure 124. Figure 125. Figure 126. Figure 127. Figure 128. Figure 129. Figure 130. Figure 131. Figure 132. Figure 133. Figure 134. Figure 135. Figure 136. Figure 137. Figure 138. Figure 139. Figure 140. Figure 141. Figure 142. Figure 143. Figure 144. Figure 145. xiv Port Modes (c-d) ..................................
Wi-Fi Array Figure 146. Figure 147. Figure 148. Figure 149. Figure 150. Figure 151. Figure 152. Figure 153. Figure 154. Figure 155. Figure 156. Figure 157. Figure 158. Figure 159. Figure 160. Figure 161. Figure 162. Figure 163. Figure 164. Figure 165. Figure 166. Figure 167. Figure 168. Figure 169. Figure 170. Figure 171. Figure 172. Figure 173. Figure 174. Figure 175. Figure 176. Figure 177. Figure 178. Figure 179. Figure 180. Figure 181. Figure 182. WDS ...................................................
Wi-Fi Array Figure 183. Figure 184. Figure 185. Figure 186. Figure 187. Figure 188. Splitter Figure 189. Figure 190. Figure 191. Figure 192. Figure 193. Figure 194. Figure 195. Figure 196. Figure 197. xvi Removing the Chassis Cover Screws................................................... 384 Removing the Chassis Cover ................................................................ 384 Lifting the Integrated Access Point Module .......................................
Wi-Fi Array Introduction These topics introduce the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array, including an overview of its key features and benefits, and a detailed listing of the product’s physical, environmental, technology and regulatory specifications. z “The Xirrus Family of Products” on page 2. z “About this User’s Guide” on page 4. z “Why Choose the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array?” on page 7. z “Wi-Fi Array Product Overview” on page 8. z “Key Features and Benefits” on page 16.
Wi-Fi Array The Xirrus Family of Products Figure 1. Xirrus Arrays The Xirrus family of products includes the following: 2 z The XS Series of Xirrus Wi-Fi Arrays (XS16 / XS12 / XS8 / XS4) XS Arrays integrate multiple Integrated Access Points—radios with highgain directional antennas for increased range and coverage.
Wi-Fi Array z Xirrus Management System (XMS) XMS is used for managing large Array deployments from a centralized Web-based interface. The XMS server is available pre-installed on the Xirrus XM-33xx-CC Management Platform Series, or as a software package (XA-3300-CC) to be installed on your own server hardware. Figure 2 illustrates the elements of the Xirrus Management System. Users start the XMS client simply by entering the URL of the XMS server on a web browser.
Wi-Fi Array Nomenclature Throughout this User’s Guide, the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array is also referred to as simply the Array. In some instances, the terms product and unit are also used. When discussing specific products from the Xirrus family, the product name is used (for example, XN16, XS12, or XS-3500). The Wi-Fi Array’s operating system is referred to as the ArrayOS. The Web Management Interface for browser-based management of the Array is referred to as WMI.
Wi-Fi Array z The Web Management Interface Offers an overview of the product’s embedded Web Management Interface, including its content and structure. It emphasizes what you need to do to ensure that any configuration changes you make are applied, and provides a list of restricted characters. It also includes instructions for logging in to the Array with your Web browser.
Wi-Fi Array z Appendix D: Implementing Security Standards Discusses meeting security standards with the Array, including FIPS and PCI DSS. z Appendix E: Notices Contains the legal notices, licnesing, and compliance statements for the Array. Please read this section carefully. z Glossary of Terms Provides an explanation of terms directly related to Xirrus product technology, organized alphabetically. z Index The index is a valuable information search tool.
Wi-Fi Array Hyperlinks If you click on body text that appears in the color TEAL (with the exception of headings or notes) the embedded hyperlink within the text will immediately take you to the referenced destination. All internal and external cross-references, including page numbers within the List of Figures and the Index, have associated hyperlinks. After “jumping” to a referenced topic, if you want to return to the previous page (reference source), simply click on Acrobat’s previous page button.
Wi-Fi Array z 802.11g Supports a higher transmission speed of 54 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz range and is backwards compatible with 802.11b. z 802.11n Uses multiple antennas per radio to boost transmission speed as high as 300 Mbps, increasing throughput, range, and maximum number of users. 802.11n is backwards compatible with 802.11a/b/g. Whether you have just a handful of users or thousands of users, wireless has the scalability and flexibility to serve your needs.
Wi-Fi Array The Wi-Fi Array (regardless of the product model) is Wi-Fi® compliant and simultaneously supports 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g clients. XN model arrays add the enhanced abilities of 802.11n to this combination. Enterprise class features such as VLAN support and multiple SSID capability enable robust network compatibility and a high level of scalability and system control. The optional Xirrus Management System (XMS) allows global management of hundreds of Arrays from a central location.
Wi-Fi Array Feature XN16 XN12 XN8 XN4 12 8 4 0 16 12 8 4 48 36 24 12 Integrated Wi-Fi switch ports 16 12 8 4 Integrated RF spectrum analyzer, threat sensors Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 2 2 1 Wi-Fi bandwidth 4.8 Gbps 3.6 Gbps 2.4 Gbps 1.2 Gbps Users supported 1,024 768 512 256 Number of 802.
Wi-Fi Array XS16, XS-3900 XS12 XS8, XS-3700 XS4, XS-3500 Wi-Fi bandwidth 864 864 432 216 Users supported 1,024 768 512 256 Feature See Also Key Features and Benefits Wi-Fi Array Product Overview Product Specifications—XN16, XN12, and XN8 Product Specifications—XS4/XS-3500 Product Specifications—XS16/XS-3900, XS12, and XS8/XS-3700 Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) (Optional) Why Choose the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array? Deployment Flexibility Xirrus’ unique multi-radio architecture generates 360 degre
Wi-Fi Array z Full pattern coverage All radios are activated with coverage spanning 360 degrees. If within range, clients will always receive coverage regardless of their geographic position relative to the Array. z Partial pattern coverage If desired, the Wi-Fi Array can be deployed close to an exterior wall. In this case, half of all available radios have been deactivated to prevent redundant signals from “bleeding” beyond the site’s perimeter wall.
Wi-Fi Array Specific models of the Array are compatible with specific PoGE modules. For details, please see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix” on page 416.
Wi-Fi Array (WMI). The WMI enables easy configuration and control from a graphical console, along with a full compliment of troubleshooting tools and statistics. Figure 6. WMI: Array Status In addition, a fully featured Command Line Interface (CLI) offers IT professionals a familiar management and control environment. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is also supported to allow management from an SNMP compliant management tool, such as the optional Xirrus Management System.
Wi-Fi Array Key Features and Benefits Product Specifications—XS4/XS-3500 Product Specifications—XS4/XS-3500 Product Specifications—XS16/XS-3900, XS12, and XS8/XS-3700 Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) (Optional) The Xirrus Family of Products Why Choose the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array? Introduction 15
Wi-Fi Array Key Features and Benefits This section describes some of the key product features and the benefits you can expect when deploying the Wi-Fi Array (the XN16 product is highlighted in this section). High Capacity and High Performance an12 an11 abgn4 an1 abgn1 an10 an2 an3 an9 an8 an4 abgn3 abgn2 an7 an5 an6 Mode(s) abgn2 (RF monitoring) IAP number Figure 7.
Wi-Fi Array In the recommended configuration, IAP (radio) abg(n)2 is configured in RF monitoring and rogue AP detection mode. a12 a11 a1 abg4 abg1 a10 a2 a3 a9 a8 a4 abg3 abg2 a7 a5 abg2 (RF monitoring) a6 Mode(s) IAP number Figure 8. Naming of IAPs (XS16) Extended Coverage One XN16 solution enables you to replace up to sixteen access points (includes one omnidirectional IAP for monitoring the network).
Wi-Fi Array Flexible Coverage Schemes Your Wi-Fi Array offers flexible coverage schemes for each wireless technology. 802.11a/n 802.11a/b/g/n Monitor only Figure 9. Coverage Schemes z 802.11a/n, 802.11a Delivers 60° wireless coverage per IAP, with 6 dBi of gain. z 802.11b/g/n, 802.11b/g Delivers 180° wireless coverage, with 3 dBi of gain. z 802.11a/b/g/n, 802.11a/b/g (monitor only) Delivers 360° wireless coverage, with 2 dBi of gain.
Wi-Fi Array Applications Enablement QoS (Quality of Service) functionality combined with true switch capabilities enable high density video and Voice over Wireless LAN deployments. Compliant with 802.1p and 802.1Q standards. SDMA Optimization SDMA (Spatial Division Multiple Access) technology provides full 360° coverage while allowing independent channel and power output customization. Also supports fast inter-zone handoffs for time-sensitive applications and roaming support.
Wi-Fi Array Product Specifications—XN16, XN12, and XN8 ) Element Number of Users Specifications Maximum of 64 associated users per radio XN16: 1024 users per Array XN12: 768 users per Array XN8: 512 users per Array Physical Diameter: 18.65 inches (47.37 cm) Height: 3.87 inches (9.83 cm) Weight: 10 lbs (3.
Wi-Fi Array Element Electrical Specifications Each Array supports both AC and PoGE AC Input Power: 100-240VAC at 50-60 Hz PoGE (DC) Input Power: Power over Gigabit Ethernet—no splitter required, 48VDC, Maximum 2A Nominal Power: XN16: 100W XN12: 90W XN8: 75W All Models: For PoGE, see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix” on page 416.
Wi-Fi Array Element Management Specifications Xirrus Management System (XMS)—Layer 3 Element Management System HTTPS Web Management Interface (WMI) CLI via SSHv2, Telnet, local serial Console Enable/disable management for any interface Read-write and read-only admin accounts may be authenticated via RADIUS SNMP v1, v2c, v3 Configuration Files—text-based files may be imported, exported, or compared NetFlow—IP flow information (traffic statistics may be sent to an external Collector FTP, TFTP Syslog reporti
Wi-Fi Array Element Security Specifications Wireless Encryption Line speed, hardware-accelerated encryption modes: WPA TKIP WPA2 AES WEP 40/64 WEP 104/128 Wireless Authentication: Open Pre-shared Key 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Security (continued) Specifications Time of Day Access: Specify when SSID access is allowed Station-Station Blocking: Station-to-Station traffic blocking option Wireless Wireless Standards: 802.11a 802.11b 802.11d 802.11g 802.11e 802.11h 802.11i 802.11j 802.11n Number of Radios: XN16: 12 x 802.11a/n radios 4 x 802.11b/g/n radios Only 12 radios should be used as 802.11a/n radios (i.e., 5 GHz band) concurrently. 48 integrated antennas XN12: 8 x 802.11a/n radios 4 x 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Wireless (continued) Specifications Frequency Bands: 11a/n: 4.945 – 4.985 (restricted Public Safety band) 11a/n: 5.15-5.25 GHz (UNII 1) 11a/n: 5.15-5.25 GHz (TELEC) 11a/n: 5.25-5.35 GHz (UNII 2) 11a/n: 5.470-5.725 (ETSI) 11a/n: 5.725-5.825 GHz (UNII 3) 11b/g/n: 2.412-2.462 GHz (FCC) 11b/g/n: 2.412-2.472 GHz (ETSI) 11b/g/n: 2.412-2.484 GHz (TELEC) Channel Selection: Manual and Automatic 802.11a/n Antennas Integrated 6dBi, sectorized 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Compliance Specifications Electromagnetic: ICES-003 (Canada) EN 301.893 (Europe) EN 301.489-1 and -17 (Europe) Safety: EN 60950 EN 50371 to 50385 CE Mark Certifications Wi-Fi Alliance: 802.11a/b/g, WPA, WPA2, and extended EAP types. Our certifications may be viewed here. Spectralink (Polycom) VIEW - operation with Spectralink Wi-Fi phones. Our certification may be viewed here.
Wi-Fi Array Product Specifications—XN4 xxxx ) Element Number of Users Specifications Maximum of 64 associated users per radio XN4: 256 users per Array Physical Diameter: 12.58 inches (31.95 cm) Height: 2.58 inches (6.55 cm) Weight: 4lbs (1.81 kg) Environmental Operating Temperature: 0°C to 55°C 0% to 90% relative humidity (non-condensing) Storage Temperature: -20°C to 60°C 5% to 95% relative humidity (non-condensing) System 1 GHz CPU 512 MB RAM 1 GB system flash Integrated Switch 2.
Wi-Fi Array Element Interfaces Specifications Serial Console Port: 1 x RS232 – RJ45 connector, for local configuration Ethernet Interfaces: 1 x Gigabit 100/1000 Mbps uplink port Status LEDs: System status, Ethernet, Radio Networking DHCP client, DHCP server (multiple DHCP pools), DNS Client, NTP client, NAT Management Xirrus Management System (XMS)—Layer 3 Element Management System HTTPS Web Management Interface (WMI) CLI via SSHv2, Telnet, local serial Console Enable/disable management for any interf
Wi-Fi Array Element Quality of Service (QoS) Support Specifications Multiple SSIDs: 16 unique SSIDs per Array Each SSID beacons a unique BSSID per radio VLAN and QoS settings for each SSID VLANs: Up to 16 VLANs, 802.1Q, 802.1p Prioritization: 802.11e wireless prioritization 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Security Specifications Wireless Encryption Line speed, hardware-accelerated encryption modes: WPA TKIP WPA2 AES WEP 40/64 WEP 104/128 Wireless Authentication: Open Pre-shared Key 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Security (continued) Specifications Time of Day Access: Specify when SSID access is allowed Station-Station Blocking: Station-to-Station traffic blocking option Wireless Wireless Standards: 802.11a 802.11b 802.11d 802.11g 802.11e 802.11h 802.11i 802.11j 802.11n Number of Radios: XN4: 4 x 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Wireless (continued) Specifications Frequency Bands: 11a/n: 4.945 – 4.985 (restricted Public Safety band) 11a/n: 5.15-5.25 GHz (UNII 1) 11a/n: 5.15-5.25 GHz (TELEC) 11a/n: 5.25-5.35 GHz (UNII 2) 11a/n: 5.470-5.725 (ETSI) 11a/n: 5.725-5.825 GHz (UNII 3) 11b/g/n: 2.412-2.462 GHz (FCC) 11b/g/n: 2.412-2.472 GHz (ETSI) 11b/g/n: 2.412-2.484 GHz (TELEC) Channel Selection: Manual and Automatic 802.11a/n Antennas Integrated 6dBi, sectorized 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Compliance Specifications Electromagnetic: ICES-003 (Canada) EN 301.893 (Europe) EN 301.489-1 and -17 (Europe) Safety: EN 60950 EN 50371 to 50385 CE Mark Certifications Wi-Fi Alliance: 802.11a/b/g, WPA, WPA2, and extended EAP types. Our certifications may be viewed here. Spectralink (Polycom) VIEW - operation with Spectralink Wi-Fi phones. Our certification may be viewed here.
Wi-Fi Array Product Specifications—XS16/XS-3900, XS12, and XS8/XS-3700 Element Number of Users Specifications Maximum of 64 associated users per radio 1024 users per Array (XS16/XS-3900) 768 users per Array (XS12) 512 users per Array (XS8/XS-3700) Physical Diameter: 18.65 inches (47.37 cm) Height: 3.87 inches (9.83 cm) Weight: 8lbs (3.
Wi-Fi Array Element Interfaces Specifications Serial: 1 x RS232 – RJ45 connector Ethernet Interfaces: 2 x Gigabit 100/1000 Mbps w/failover 1 x Fast Ethernet 10/100 Mbps Status LEDs: System status, Ethernet, Radio Electrical XS16/XS12/XS8: Each Array supports both AC and PoGE AC Input Power: 90-265VAC at 47-63Hz PoGE Input Power: Power over Gigabit Ethernet—no splitter required, 48VDC XS-3900/XS-3700: Separate AC and DC versions Input Power (AC version): 90VAC to 265VAC at 47Hz to 63Hz Input Power (DC ve
Wi-Fi Array Element Performance Specifications Client Load Balancing Automatic load balancing between system radios Quality of Service: 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Wireless Specifications Number of Radios: 12 x 802.11a radios 4 x 802.11a/b/g radios Only 12 radios should be used as 802.11a radios concurrently. XS16/XS-3900: XS12: 8 x 802.11a radios 4 x 802.11a/b/g radios XS8/XS-3700: 4 x 802.11a radios 4 x 802.11a/b/g radios Wireless Standards: 802.11a/b/g and g-only mode 802.11e, 802.11i Channel Selection: Manual and Automatic Frequency Bands: 11a: 4.945 – 4.985 (restricted Public Safety band) 11a: 5.15-5.25 GHz (UNII 1) 11a: 5.15-5.
Wi-Fi Array Element Wireless (continued) Specifications Antennas (XS12): 8 x internal 6 dBi 60° 802.11a sectorized 4 x internal 3 dBi 180° 802.11b/g sectorized 1 x internal 2 dBi 360° omni-directional (for RF monitoring) 3 x external RP-TNC connectors for three 802.11a/b/g radios Antennas (XS8/XS-3700): 4 x internal 6 dBi 60° 802.11a sectorized 4x internal 3 dBi 180° 802.11b/g sectorized 1 x internal 2 dBi 360° omni-directional (for RF monitoring) 3 x external RP-TNC connectors for three 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Certifications Specifications Wi-Fi Alliance: 802.11a/b/g, WPA, WPA2, and extended EAP types. Our certifications may be viewed here. Spectralink (Polycom) VIEW - operation with Spectralink Wi-Fi phones. Our certification may be viewed here. Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 140 -2, Level 2.
Wi-Fi Array Element Environmental Specifications Operating Temperature: -10°C to 50°C 0% to 90% relative humidity (non-condensing) Storage Temperature: -20°C to 60°C 5% to 95% relative humidity (non-condensing) System 825 MHz CPU (XS4) 666 MHz CPU (XS-3500) 512 MB RAM, expandable (XS4) 256 MB RAM, expandable (XS-3500) 512 MB system flash, expandable Expansion slot for future options Electrical XS4: Each Array supports both AC and PoGE AC Input Power: 90-265VAC at 47-63Hz XS-3500: AC Input Power: 90-26
Wi-Fi Array Element Interfaces Specifications Serial: 1 x RS232 – RJ45 connector Ethernet Interfaces: 1 x Gigabit 100/1000 Mbps Status LEDs: System status, Ethernet, Radio Management Web-based HTTPS SNMP v2, v3 CLI via SSHv2 or Telnet FTP TFTP Serial Xirrus Management System (XMS) Syslog reporting for alerts/alarms Networking DHCP client, DHCP server, NTP client, NAT VLAN Support 802.1Q, 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Security Specifications Wireless Security: WEP 40bit/128bit encryption WPA and WPA2 with TKIP and AES encryption Rogue AP detection, with alerts and classification User and System Authentication: WPA Pre-Shared Key authentication Internal RADIUS Server, supports EAP-PEAP only 802.1x EAP-TLS 802.1x EAP-TTLS/MSCHAPv2 802.1x PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2 802.1x PEAPv1/EAP-GTC 802.1x EAP-SIM 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Wireless Specifications Number of Radios: 4 x 802.11a/b/g radios Wireless Standards: 802.11a/b/g and g-only mode 802.11e, 802.11i Channel Selection: Manual and Automatic Frequency Bands: 11a: 4.945 – 4.985 (restricted Public Safety band) 11a: 5.15-5.25 GHz (UNII 1) 11a: 5.15-5.25 GHz (TELEC) 11a: 5.25-5.35 GHz (UNII 2) 11a: 5.470-5.725 (ETSI) 11a: 5.725-5825 GHz (UNII 3) 11b/g: 2.412-2.462 GHz (FCC) 11b/g: 2.412-2.472 GHz (ETSI) 11b/g: 2.412-2.
Wi-Fi Array Element Certifications Specifications Wi-Fi Alliance: 802.11a/b/g, WPA, WPA2, and extended EAP types. Our certifications may be viewed here. Spectralink (Polycom) VIEW - operation with Spectralink Wi-Fi phones. Our certification may be viewed here. Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 140 -2, Level 2.
Wi-Fi Array Installing the Wi-Fi Array The instructions for completing a successful installation include the following topics: z “Installation Prerequisites” on page 45. z “Planning Your Installation” on page 48. z “Installation Workflow” on page 80. z “Unpacking the Wi-Fi Array” on page 81. z “Installing Your Wi-Fi Array” on page 83. z “Powering Up the Wi-Fi Array” on page 107. z “Establishing Communication with the Array” on page 110. z “Performing the Express Setup Procedure” on page 112.
Wi-Fi Array z Ethernet port You need at least one 100/1000 BaseT port to establish wired Gigabit Ethernet connectivity (via the product’s Gigabit 1 or Gigabit 2 port) and one 10/100 BaseT port (if desired) for product management. ! ! The Array’s Ethernet ports should be connected to an Ethernet switch, not an Ethernet hub—if a hub is used, we recommend that you connect only one Ethernet port. The Gigabit1 Ethernet interface is the primary port for both data and management traffic.
Wi-Fi Array Use the following settings when establishing a serial connection: Bits per second 115,200 Data bits Parity 8 None Stop bits Flow control 1 None Optional Network Components The following network components are optional. z Xirrus Management System (XMS) The optional XMS offers powerful management features for small or large Wi-Fi Array deployments. z External RADIUS server Although your Array comes with an embedded RADIUS server, for 802.
Wi-Fi Array Planning Your Installation This section provides guidelines and examples to help you plan your Xirrus Wi-Fi Array deployment to achieve the best overall coverage and performance. We recommend you conduct a site survey to determine the best location and settings for each Array you install. The following topics are discussed: z “General Deployment Considerations” on page 48 z “Coverage and Capacity Planning” on page 50 z “IEEE 802.
Wi-Fi Array wireless range from between 3 and 90 feet (1 to 30 meters). Position your devices so that the number of walls or ceilings is minimized. 2. Be aware of the direct line between each device. For example, a wall that is 1.5 feet thick (half a meter) at 90° is actually almost 3 feet thick (or 1 meter) when viewed at a 45° angle.
Wi-Fi Array Coverage and Capacity Planning This section considers coverage and capacity for your deployment(s), including placement options, RF patterns and cell sizes, area calculations, roaming considerations, and channel allocations. Placement Use the following guidelines when considering placement options: 1. The best placement option for the Array is ceiling-mounted within an open plan environment (cubicles rather than fixed walls). 2.
Wi-Fi Array RF Patterns The Wi-Fi Array allows you to control—automatically or manually—the pattern of wireless coverage that best suits your deployment needs. You can choose to operate with full coverage, half coverage, or custom coverage (by enabling or disabling individual sectors). Full (Normal) Coverage In normal operation, the Array provides a full 360 degrees of coverage. Figure 12.
Wi-Fi Array Custom Coverage Where there are highly reflective objects in close proximity to the Array, you can turn off specific radios to avoid interference and feedback. reflective object Figure 14. Custom Coverage Capacity and Cell Sizes Cell sizes should be estimated based on the number of users, the applications being used (for example, data/video/voice), and the number of Arrays available at the location.
Wi-Fi Array # The XS4 has a smaller range than the larger Arrays. Fine Tuning Cell Sizes Adjusting the transmit power allows you to fine tune cell sizes. There are four standard sizes—Small, Medium, Large, or Max (the default is Max). There is also an Auto setting that automatically determines the best cell size, and a Manual setting that allows you to choose your power settings directly. Small Medium Large Figure 16.
Wi-Fi Array If you are installing many units in close proximity to each other, we recommend that you use Auto Cell Size; otherwise, reduce the transmit power using manual settings to avoid excessive interference with other Arrays or installed APs. See also, “Coverage and Capacity Planning” on page 50. Sharp Cell This patented Xirrus RF management option automatically creates more intelligently defined cells and improves performance by creating smaller, highthroughput cells.
Wi-Fi Array Automatic Channel Selection We recommend that you allow the Array to make intelligent channel allocation decisions automatically. In the automatic mode, channels are allocated dynamically, driven by changes in the environment. Auto Channel assignment is performed by scanning the surrounding area for RF activity on all channels, then automatically selecting and setting channels on the Array to the best channels available.
Wi-Fi Array Maintain channel separation Figure 18.
Wi-Fi Array Deployment Examples The following examples employ 802.11a cells, each offering minimum throughputs of 54 Mbps, 36 Mbps, and 18 Mbps per sector respectively, and assume a floor plan covering a total area of about 60,000 square feet (5574 sq m). Figure 19. Deployment Scenario (54 Mbps)—Per Sector Figure 20.
Wi-Fi Array Figure 21.
Wi-Fi Array IEEE 802.11n Deployment Considerations # IEEE 802.11n features are supported only on XN Array models, and this section applies only to those Arrays. The Xirrus XN Arrays support IEEE 802.11n on all IAPs, in both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. Use of 802.
Wi-Fi Array Two very important techniques to consider are Channel Bonding and Multiple Data Streams—Spatial Multiplexing because they contribute a large portion of 802.11n’s speed improvements and because they are optional and configurable, as opposed to the parts of 802.11n that are fixed. While the settings for 802.11n IAPs come pre-configured on the Array for robust performance in typical usage, you should review the settings for your deployment, especially channel bonding.
Wi-Fi Array MIMO Processed Signal Antenna 1 Signal Attenuation Receiver Antenna 2 Signal Antenna 3 Signal Frequency Across Subcarriers Figure 23. MIMO Signal Processing MIMO signal processing uses multiple antennas to send and receive data. It takes advantage of multipath reflections to improve signal coherence and greatly increase receiver sensitivity (Figure 23). Multipath signals were considered to be interference by 802.11a/b/g radios, and degraded performance. In 802.
Wi-Fi Array Data Stream Tx 1 Rx 1 Tx 2 Rx 2 Transmitter % Tx N Receiver % Data Stream Rx M Figure 24. Spatial Multiplexing Spatial multiplexing can double, triple, or quadruple the date rate, depending on the number of transmit antennas used. You can configure the number of chains (i.e., streams) separately for transmitting and receiving. Up to three chains may be configured separately for transmitting and receiving.
Wi-Fi Array Channel Bonding Channel bonding increases data rates by combining two adjacent 20 MHz channels into one 40 MHz channel. This increases the data rate to slightly more than double. A bonded 40 MHz channel is specified in terms of the Primary channel and the adjacent channel to Bond. The Bond channel is represented by +1 to use the channel above the Primary channel, or -1 to use the channel below.
Wi-Fi Array Improved MAC Throughput These changes make 802.11n transmission of MAC frames 40% more efficient than legacy transmission: z MAC data frames are combined and given a single PHY header. z Implicit Block ACK acknowledges all data frames within a combined frame. z Spacing between frames is reduced.
Wi-Fi Array inappropriate environment, the signal quality will suffer and throughput will decrease. See “Global Settings .11n” on page 273 to configure the guard interval. Obtaining Higher Data Rates The data rate increase obtained by using 802.11n on an Array is incremental, based on the technologies that are applied and the options that you select: z Higher encoding rates (Mandatory in 802.11n) z Spatial Streams (Mandatory, but multiplier varies directly with number of streams selected.
Wi-Fi Array 802.11n Capacity 802.11n offers major increases in capacity over previous 802.11 standards, as shown in Figure 28. Note that this chart shows figures for 802.11n (with two spatial streams, but no channel bonding). Maximum values for the XN16, for example, will be the same as those shown in the figure, except for the 802.11a capacity—since there are only 16 IAPs, the maximum capacity would be 16 * 54 Mbps if all IAPs are used as 802.11a radios. 802.11a/n Capacity 150 23 channels * 150Mbps = 3.
Wi-Fi Array Failover Planning This section discusses failover protection at the unit and port levels. Port Failover Protection To ensure that service is continued in the event of a port failure, you can utilize the Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 ports simultaneously. Multiple port connections Ethernet switch Figure 29. Port Failover Protection In addition, the Array has full failover protection between the Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 Ethernet ports (see following table).
Wi-Fi Array z Load Balancing z Broadcast z Link Backup z Bridged z Mirrored For more details on Gigabit port modes and their configuration, please see “Network Interface Ports” on page 182. Switch Failover Protection To ensure that service is continued in the event of a switch failure, you can connect Arrays to more than one Ethernet switch (not a hub). Ethernet connections Backup switch Ethernet switch Figure 30.
Wi-Fi Array Power Planning All XN Series Array models and XS16/12/8/4 Arrays support Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) with an integrated splitter. AC power is also supported on all XN Arrays and some versions of the XS8, XS12, and XS16. This section discusses the AC and PoGE power options. AC Power The AC power option requires a direct connection between the Array and a dedicated AC power outlet. The power cord is provided with the unit.
Wi-Fi Array Security Planning This section offers some useful guidelines for defining your preferred encryption and authentication method. For additional information, see “Understanding Security” on page 208 and the Security section of “Frequently Asked Questions” on page 400. Wireless Encryption Encryption ensures that no user can decipher another user’s data transmitted over the airwaves.
Wi-Fi Array z Pre-Shared Key Uses a pass-phrase or key that is manually distributed to all authorized users. The same passphrase is given to client devices and entered into each Array. z MAC Access Control Lists (ACLs) MAC access control lists provide a list of client adapter MAC addresses that are allowed or denied access to the wireless network, and can be used in addition to any of the above authentication methods.
Wi-Fi Array Port Requirements A number of ports are used by various Array features and by the Xirrus Management System (XMS). The Port Requirements table on page 73 lists ports and the features that require them (XMS port requirements are included in the table for your convenience). If you are using a feature, please make sure that the ports that it requires are not blocked by firewalls or other policies, and that they do not conflict with any other port assignments.
Wi-Fi Array The following table lists port requirements for the Array and for XMS, how they are used, and whether they may be changed. Port Application Peer Configurable Array 20 tcp 21 udp FTP Client Yes 22 tcp SSH Client Yes 23 tcp Telnet Client Yes 25 tcp SMTP Mail Server No 69 tcp TFTP TFTP Server No 161 tcp/udp SNMP XMS Server No 162 tcp/udp SNMP Traphost Note Up to four Traphosts may be configured.
Wi-Fi Array Port Application Peer Configurable XMS 25 tcp SMTP Mail Server Yes 161 udp SNMP Arrays No 162 udp SNMP Traphost 1 Arrays Via XMS config file HTTPS Arrays No 514 udp Resident Syslog server Internal* Via XMS config file 1099 tcp RMI Registry Internal* No 2000 tcp XMS Back-end Server Internal* No 3306 tcp MySQL Database Internal* No 8001 tcp Status Viewer Internal* No 8007 tcp Tomcat Shutdown Internal* During installation 8009 tcp Web Container Internal*
Wi-Fi Array Network Management Planning Network management can be performed using any of the following methods: z Command Line Interface, using an SSH (Secure Shell) utility, like PuTTY. The utility must be set up to use SSH-2, since the Array will only allow SSH-2 connections. z Web-based management, using the Array’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI). This method provides configuration and basic monitoring tools, and is good for small deployments (one or two units).
Wi-Fi Array WDS Planning WDS (Wireless Distribution System) creates wireless backhauls between arrays, allowing your wireless network to be expanded using multiple Arrays without the need for a wired backbone to link them (see Figure 32). WDS features include: z One to three IAPs may be used to form a WDS link, yielding up to 162 Mbps bandwidth per link. Up to 4 WDS links may be defined per Array.
Wi-Fi Array Figure 33. A Multiple Hop WDS Connection z Multiple WDS links can provide link redundancy (failover capability - see Figure 34). A network protocol (Spanning Tree Protocol—STP) prevents Arrays from forming network loops. Figure 34.
Wi-Fi Array WDS links have a Host/Client relationship similar to the usual IAP/station pattern for Arrays: z A WDS Client Link associates/authenticates to a host (target) Array in the same way that a station associates to an IAP. The client side of the link must be configured with the root MAC address of the target (host) Array. z A WDS Host Link acts like an IAP by allowing one WDS Client Link to associate to it. An Array may have both client and host links.
Wi-Fi Array Deployment Summary The following table summarizes your deployment options. Number of Wi-Fi Arrays Function One or Two Three or More AC (some Array models) AC (some Array models) Power over Gigabit Ethernet Power over Gigabit Ethernet UPS backup (recommended) Failover Recommended Highly recommended VLANs Optional Optional use, Power Can be used to put all APs on one VLAN or map to existing VLAN scheme WPA2 with AES (recommended) WPA2 with AES (recommended) PSK or 802.1x 802.
Wi-Fi Array Installation Workflow This workflow illustrates the steps that are required to install and configure your Wi-Fi Array successfully. Review this flowchart before attempting to install the unit on a customer’s network.
Wi-Fi Array See Also Coverage and Capacity Planning Deployment Examples Deployment Summary Failover Planning Installation Prerequisites Planning Your Installation Power Planning Wi-Fi Array Product Overview Product Specifications—XN16, XN12, and XN8 Product Specifications—XS16/XS-3900, XS12, and XS8/XS-3700 Product Specifications—XS4/XS-3500 Security Planning Unpacking the Wi-Fi Array When you unpack your Wi-Fi Array, you will find the following items in the carton: Item Quantity Xirrus Wi-Fi Array 1
Wi-Fi Array Item Quantity CD-ROM containing: This User’s Guide in PDF format End User License Agreement (EULA) README file 1 Quick Install Guide 1 Registration Card 1 See Also Installation Prerequisites Installation Workflow 82 Installing the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array Installing Your Wi-Fi Array This section provides instructions for completing a physical installation of your Xirrus Wi-Fi Array. Choosing a Location Based on coverage, capacity and deployment examples previously discussed, choose a location for the Array that will provide the best results for your needs. The Wi-Fi Array was designed to be mounted on a ceiling where the unit is unobtrusive and wireless transmissions can travel unimpeded throughout open plan areas.
Wi-Fi Array Wiring Considerations If you are using the Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet modules (PoGE) to distribute power, see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) (Optional)” on page 12. If you prefer to use AC power and you have an Array that supports AC, an AC power outlet must be available to the Array.
Wi-Fi Array Important Notes About Network Connections Read the following notes before making any network connections. # ! ! When the unit’s IP address is unknown or a network connection has not been established, the serial cable is used for connecting directly with the Command Line Interface (CLI) via HyperTerminal. When a network connection is established, the Array can be managed from any of the available network connections, either Fast Ethernet, Gigabit 1 or Gigabit 2.
Wi-Fi Array Mounting the Array on a Ceiling Most offices have drop-down acoustical ceiling tiles set into a standard grid. The Wi-Fi Array has been designed to enable mounting to a tiled ceiling via a mounting plate and clamps that attach to the grid. Once the mounting plate is attached, the Array simply rotates onto the plate (similar to a smoke detector). Once the unit is mounted it can be removed and re-attached easily, without the need for tools or modifications to the original installation.
Wi-Fi Array Secure the T-Bar Clips to the Ceiling Support Grid The mounting template should be oriented so that the Array’s abg(n)2 omnidirectional monitoring IAP (radio) is pointing in the direction of the least required wireless signal coverage—for example, a nearby exterior wall or entrance. Ceiling tile grid Template T-bar clips (4 places) Tighten the screw post Figure 38.
Wi-Fi Array Installing the Mounting Plate Locate the mounting plate on the four screw posts. Secure the plate to the four clamps using the nuts provided. Tighten the nuts to 10-12 lbf.ft (1.38-1.66 kgf.m), but do not overtighten. Cut an access hole for the cables in the ceiling tile. Tile grid Mounting Plate Figure 39.
Wi-Fi Array Connecting the Cables—AC Option This section is for Array models that have a separate AC input. If supplying AC to the Array directly (not using PoGE), refer to Figure 40 to connect cables. Otherwise, skip to Connecting the Cables—PoGE Option. Figure 40. Connecting the Cables Feed the power and Ethernet cables through the access hole in the tile and the mounting plate, then connect the cables to the Array. See also, “Wiring Considerations” on page 84.
Wi-Fi Array z Gigabit2 (optional)—may be used for load balancing, fail-over, mirroring, or increasing link speed to the wired network. z Fast Ethernet (optional)—for a management-only connection to the Array. z Serial cable (optional)—for connecting directly with the Array using CLI. Connecting the Cables—PoGE Option For the XS8, XS12, or XS16, use the procedure below and refer to Figure 41. For the XS4, see “Connecting the Cables—AC Option” on page 89.
Wi-Fi Array # z Do not connect the cable from the injector directly to a Gigabit port! It must be connected to the IN port (towards the right in Figure 41). Connect the supplied 6” orange Cat 5e data cable from the Array’s Data OUT port to Gigabit1, as shown. Connect any additional Ethernet and serial cables as required. For the XS4: Feed the PoGE cable through the access hole in the ceiling tile and the mounting plate, then connect the cable to the Gigabit1 port on the XS4 Array.
Wi-Fi Array Attaching the Array to the Mounting Plate # Before attaching the Array to the mounting plate, verify that it is powering up. The Ethernet link LED lights up and the radio LEDs on the front of the unit will illuminate in rotation, indicating that the Wi-Fi Array software is loading and the unit is functioning correctly.
Wi-Fi Array See Also Installation Workflow Installing Your Wi-Fi Array Mounting the Wi-Fi Array on a Wall (XS4 and XS-3500) Mounting Array on a Wall (All models except 4-port Arrays) Securing the Array Attaching the XS-3900/XS-3700 Align the port recess on the Array with the access hole in the mounting plate, then connect the Array with the lugs on the mounting plate (4 places) and turn the Array clockwise to lock the unit into place (similar to a smoke detector). Figure 44.
Wi-Fi Array Securing the Array For added security, there is a locking bracket incorporated into the mounting plate, which will accept a small luggage-style padlock (if desired). There is also a Kensington lock slot located near the Ethernet ports. In addition, the mounting plate incorporates a positive locking tab that prevents the unit from being inadvertently released. Locking bracket Figure 45.
Wi-Fi Array Dismounting the Array To dismount the Array, place your fingers so as to increase the space between the Array and the mounting plate at the positions indicated by the decals on the mounting plate—these are aligned with IAPs (radios) abg(n)1 and abg(n)3, as indicated on the clock-face of the Array. a12 a11 a1 abg4 abg1 a10 a2 a3 a9 a8 a4 abg2 abg3 a7 a5 a6 Figure 46.
Wi-Fi Array Mounting Array on a Wall (All models except 4-port Arrays) This procedure is applicable to the Wi-Fi Array’s 16-radio models, 12-radio models, and 8-radio models. If you are mounting a 4-radio model, go to “Mounting the Wi-Fi Array on a Wall (XS4 and XS-3500)” on page 101. The wall mounting assembly kit is used to mount the Wi-Fi Array (except for 4port models) on a wall, instead of the traditional ceiling mount—if mounting the Array on the ceiling is impractical at your location.
Wi-Fi Array Mark the Wall Position 1. Use the Wall Mounting Bracket as a template and mark the locations on the wall for the mounting holes. Mark holes (5 places) Figure 47. Wall Mount—Marking the Holes When marking the holes, ensure that the mounting plate is level—you may need assistance. # The bracket must be secured to the wall in 5 places, using the 2 holes at the top and the 3 holes at the bottom (5 toggle bolts are provided).
Wi-Fi Array Install the SNAPTOGGLE™ Toggle Bolts 2. At the locations you marked in Step 1, drill a 1/2 inch (13mm) hole (there must be a minimum clearance behind the wall of 1 7/8 inches—48mm). 3. (Refer to Figure 48, graphic A) Hold the metal channel flat alongside the plastic straps and slide the channel through the hole. A B C D Figure 48. Installing the Toggle Bolts 4.
Wi-Fi Array Attach the Mounting Plate to the Wall Mounting Bracket 6. Secure the Wi-Fi Array’s mounting plate to the Wall Mounting Bracket, in 4 places. Tighten the bolts to a torque of 10–12 lbf.ft (1.38–1.66 kgf.m). Do not overtighten the bolts. Mounting Plate Secure (x4 bolt assemblies) Figure 49. Attaching the Wall Mounting Plate Attach the Wall Mounting Bracket/Plate Assembly to the Wall 7.
Wi-Fi Array Mount the Array 8. Mount the Wi-Fi Array to the Wall Mounting Bracket in the same way that you would mount the Array to a ceiling mount (the procedure is identical). See “Attaching the Array to the Mounting Plate” on page 92 or “Attaching the XS-3900/XS-3700” on page 93. # Figure 50 shows the orientation of the Wi-Fi Array when mounted on a wall. It is not intended to show a fully installed Array. Figure 50.
Wi-Fi Array Mounting the Wi-Fi Array on a Wall (XS4 and XS-3500) This procedure is applicable to the 4 radio models of the Wi-Fi Array (XS4 and XS-3500). If you are mounting a 16-, 12-, or 8-radio model, go to “Mounting Array on a Wall (All models except 4-port Arrays)” on page 96. The wall mounting assembly kit is used to mount a 4-port Wi-Fi Array on a wall, instead of the traditional ceiling mount—where mounting the Array on the ceiling may be impractical at your location.
Wi-Fi Array Mark the Wall Position 1. Use the Wall Mounting Bracket as a template and mark the locations on the wall for the mounting holes. Mark holes (5 places) Figure 51. Wall Mount—Marking the Holes The bracket must be secured to the wall in 5 places, using the top 2 holes and the bottom 3 holes (5 toggle bolts are provided). When marking the holes, ensure that the mounting plate is level—you may need assistance. Install the SNAPTOGGLE™ Toggle Bolts 2.
Wi-Fi Array 3. (Refer to Figure 52, graphic A) Hold the metal channel flat alongside the plastic straps and slide the channel through the hole. A B C D Figure 52. Installing the Toggle Bolts 4. (Refer to Figure 52, graphic B) Hold the strap handle between your thumb and forefinger and pull towards you until the metal channel rests flush behind the wall. Using your other hand, now slide the plastic cap along the straps until the flange of the cap is flush with wall.
Wi-Fi Array Attach the Mounting Plate to the Wall Mounting Bracket 6. Secure the Wi-Fi Array’s mounting plate to the Wall Mounting Bracket, in 4 places. Tighten the bolts to a torque of 10–12 ft-lb (1.38–1.66 kg.m). Do not overtighten the bolts. Mounting Plate Secure (x4 bolt assemblies) Figure 53.
Wi-Fi Array Attach the Wall Mounting Bracket/Plate Assembly to the Wall 7. Secure the Wall Mounting Bracket (with attached Mounting Plate) to the wall at the 5 toggle bolt anchors you created in Steps 2 through 5—using all 5 places. Secure with 5 toggle bolts Figure 54.
