DRAFT December 17, 2010 Release 5.
Wi-Fi Array ™ XR4420, XR4430, XR4820, XR4830 XN16, XN12, XN8, XN4 XS16, XS8, XS4 All rights reserved. This document may not be reproduced or disclosed in whole or in part by any means without the written consent of Xirrus, Inc.
Trademarks is a registered trademark of Xirrus, Inc. All other trademarks and brand names are marks of their respective holders. Please see Legal Notices, Warnings, Compliance Statements, and Warranty and License Agreements in “Appendix F: Notices” on page 467. Xirrus, Inc. 2101 Corporate Center Drive Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA Tel: Fax: 1.805.262.1600 1.800.947.7871 Toll Free in the US 1.866.462.3980 www.xirrus.
Wi-Fi Array Table of Contents List of Figures...................................................................................... xi Introduction ......................................................................................... 1 The Xirrus Family of Products ............................................................................... 2 Nomenclature .................................................................................................... 4 About this User’s Guide ...................
Wi-Fi Array Xirrus Advanced RF Performance Manager (RPM) .................................. 21 Xirrus Advanced RF Security Manager (RSM) .......................................... 22 Xirrus Advanced RF Analysis Manager (RAM) ......................................... 22 Product Specifications — XR4400 and XR4800 Series ........................................ 23 Product Specifications — XN16, XN12, and XN8 ............................................... 31 Product Specifications — XN4 .......................
Wi-Fi Array Security Planning ............................................................................................ 83 Wireless Encryption ................................................................................ 83 Authentication ......................................................................................... 83 Meeting PCI DSS Standards ................................................................... 84 Meeting FIPS Standards ......................................................
Wi-Fi Array Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array............................................... 123 Array Status Windows ........................................................................................ 123 Array Summary ............................................................................................ 124 Content of the Array Summary Window .......................................... 124 Array Information ........................................................................................
Wi-Fi Array Per-Station Statistics ..................................................................................... 167 System Log Window ........................................................................................... 168 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array .......................................................... 171 Express Setup ........................................................................................................ 173 Network ..................................................
Wi-Fi Array Understanding SSIDs ............................................................................ 244 Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array .............................. 245 SSID Management ........................................................................................ 248 SSID List (top of page) .......................................................................... 249 SSID Limits .............................................................................................
Wi-Fi Array Filter Lists ...................................................................................................... 311 Filter Management ....................................................................................... 313 Clusters .................................................................................................................. 316 Cluster Definition ........................................................................................ 317 Cluster Management ...........
Wi-Fi Array contact-info .................................................................................................... 360 date-time ........................................................................................................ 361 dhcp-server .................................................................................................... 362 dns ................................................................................................................... 363 file .................
Wi-Fi Array Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs ................................................................ 398 Setting the Cell Size for a Specific IAP ....................................................... 399 Configuring VLANs on an Open SSID ...................................................... 400 Configuring Radio Assurance Mode (Loopback Tests) .......................... 401 Appendices.....................................................................................
Wi-Fi Array Frequently Asked Questions .............................................................................. 432 Multiple SSIDs ............................................................................................... 432 Security ........................................................................................................... 434 VLAN Support ..............................................................................................
Wi-Fi Array List of Figures Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14. Figure 15. Figure 16. Figure 17. Figure 18. Figure 19. Figure 20. Figure 21. Figure 22. Figure 23. Figure 24. Figure 25. Figure 26. Figure 27. Figure 28. Figure 29. Figure 30. Figure 31. Figure 32. Figure 33. Figure 34. Xirrus Arrays...............................................................................................
Wi-Fi Array Figure 35. Figure 36. Figure 37. Figure 38. Figure 39. Figure 40. Figure 41. Figure 42. Figure 43. Figure 44. Figure 45. Figure 46. Figure 47. Figure 48. Figure 49. Figure 50. Figure 51. Figure 52. Figure 53. Figure 54. Figure 55. Figure 56. Figure 57. Figure 58. Figure 59. Figure 60. Figure 61. Figure 62. Figure 63. Figure 64. Figure 65. Figure 66. Figure 67. Figure 68. Figure 69. Figure 70. Figure 71. xii Installation Workflow ..................................................................
Wi-Fi Array Figure 72. Figure 73. Figure 74. Figure 75. Figure 76. Figure 77. Figure 78. Figure 79. Figure 80. Figure 81. Figure 82. Figure 83. Figure 84. Figure 85. Figure 86. Figure 87. Figure 88. Figure 89. Figure 90. Figure 91. Figure 92. Figure 93. Figure 94. Figure 95. Figure 96. Figure 97. Figure 98. Figure 99. Figure 100. Figure 101. Figure 102. Figure 103. Figure 104. Figure 105. Figure 106. Figure 107. Figure 108. Station Noise Floor Values ........................................................
Wi-Fi Array Figure 109. Figure 110. Figure 111. Figure 112. Figure 113. Figure 114. Figure 115. Figure 116. Figure 117. Figure 118. Figure 119. Figure 120. Figure 121. Figure 122. Figure 123. Figure 124. Figure 125. Figure 126. Figure 127. Figure 128. Figure 129. Figure 130. Figure 131. Figure 132. Figure 133. Figure 134. Figure 135. Figure 136. Figure 137. Figure 138. Figure 139. Figure 140. Figure 141. Figure 142. Figure 143. Figure 144. Figure 145. xiv Management Control ................................
Wi-Fi Array Figure 146. Figure 147. Figure 148. Figure 149. Figure 150. Figure 151. Figure 152. Figure 153. Figure 154. Figure 155. Figure 156. Figure 157. Figure 158. Figure 159. Figure 160. Figure 161. Figure 162. Figure 163. Figure 164. Figure 165. Figure 166. Figure 167. Figure 168. Figure 169. Figure 170. Figure 171. Figure 172. Figure 173. Figure 174. Figure 175. Figure 176. Figure 177. Figure 178. Figure 179. Figure 180. Figure 181. Figure 182. Viewing Statistics in Cluster Mode.....................
Wi-Fi Array Figure 183. Figure 184. Figure 185. Figure 186. Figure 187. Figure 188. Figure 189. Figure 190. xvi Removing the Chassis Cover ................................................................ 416 Lifting the Integrated Access Point Module ....................................... 417 Disconnect the Integrated Access Point Module ............................... 417 Installing a New Access Panel (with Power Supply) ........................ 419 Sample output of pci-audit command....................
Wi-Fi Array Introduction These topics introduce the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array, including an overview of its key features and benefits, and a detailed listing of the product’s physical, environmental, technology and regulatory specifications. “The Xirrus Family of Products” on page 2. “About this User’s Guide” on page 5. “Why Choose the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array?” on page 8. “Wi-Fi Array Product Overview” on page 9. “Key Features and Benefits” on page 17. “Advanced Feature Sets” on page 20.
Wi-Fi Array The Xirrus Family of Products Figure 1. Xirrus Arrays The Xirrus family of products includes the following: 2 The XS Series of Xirrus Wi-Fi Arrays (XS16 / XS8 / XS4) XS Arrays integrate multiple Integrated Access Points — radios with highgain directional antennas for increased range and coverage. The Array also incorporates an onboard multi-gigabit switch, Wi-Fi controller, and firewall into a single device, along with a dedicated Wi-Fi threat sensor and an embedded spectrum analyzer.
Wi-Fi Array The XR 4000 Series of Xirrus Wi-Fi Arrays The newest Xirrus Wi-Fi Arrays have been completely redesigned to optimize the speed and reach of IEEE 802.11n technology. The XR4000 Series of Arrays have increased the capacity and performance needed to replace switched Ethernet to the desktop. 8-radio and 4-radio models are avialable Xirrus Management System (XMS) XMS is used for managing large Array deployments from a centralized Web-based interface.
Wi-Fi Array If you need detailed information about this product, refer to the XMS User’s Guide, part number 800-0007-001. Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) The PoGE modules eliminate the need for running separate power cabling. Additionally, an eight port module provides distributed power to multiple Arrays, facilitating backup power when connected via a UPS. Nomenclature Throughout this User’s Guide, the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array is also referred to as simply the Array.
Wi-Fi Array About this User’s Guide This User’s Guide provides detailed information and procedures that will enable wireless network administrators to install, configure and manage the Wi-Fi Array so that end users can take full advantage of the product’s features and functionality without technical assistance.
Wi-Fi Array firmware, uploading and downloading configurations and other files, using diagnostic tools, and resetting the Array to its factory defaults. 6 The Command Line Interface Includes the commands and the command structure used by the Wi-Fi Array’s Command Line Interface (CLI), and provides a procedure for establishing a Telnet connection to the Array. This chapter also includes some sample key configuration tasks using the CLI.
Wi-Fi Array Notes and Cautions The following symbols are used throughout this User’s Guide: ! This symbol is used for general notes that provide useful supplemental information. This symbol is used for cautions. Cautions provide critical information that may adversely affect the performance of the product. Screen Images Some screen images of the Web Management Interface have been modified for clarity.
Wi-Fi Array Why Choose the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array? The deployment of wireless LANs is becoming increasingly common as businesses strive for greater flexibility in the workplace and the need for employee mobility rises. The only requirements for an effective wireless deployment are a power source, a couple of screws, and a little imagination.
Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Product Overview Part of the family of Xirrus products, the Wi-Fi Array is a high capacity, multimode device designed for the Enterprise market, with twice the range and up to eight times the capacity of competitive wireless products. Figure 3. Wi-Fi Array (XN16) The Wi-Fi Array (regardless of the product model) is Wi-Fi® compliant and simultaneously supports 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g clients. XR and XN model arrays add the enhanced abilities of 802.11n to this combination.
Wi-Fi Array Xirrus Advanced Feature Sets, rogue AP detection, site monitoring, and RF spectrum analysis are performed in the background by the Array automatically. Wi-Fi Array Product Family The following tables provide an overview of the main features supported by the Wi-Fi Array product family. XR4000 Family of Arrays Feature XR4820 XN4420 Number of 802.11a/b/g/n radios 4 4 Number of 802.
Wi-Fi Array XN Family of Arrays Feature XN16 XN12 XN8 XN4 Number of 802.11a/b/g/n radios 4 4 4 4 Number of 802.11a/n radios 12 8 4 0 16 12 8 4 Number of integrated antennas 48 36 24 12 Integrated Wi-Fi switch ports 16 12 8 4 Integrated RF spectrum analyzer, threat sensors Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 2 2 1 Wi-Fi bandwidth 4.8 Gbps 3.6 Gbps 2.4 Gbps 1.
Wi-Fi Array XS Family of Arrays Feature XS16 XS8 XS4 Number of 802.11a/b/g radios 4 4 4 Number of 802.
Wi-Fi Array Deployment Flexibility Xirrus’ unique multi-radio architecture generates 360 degrees of sectored highgain 802.11a/b/g/n or 802.11a/b/g coverage that provides extended range and the highest possible data rates for a large volume of clients. Each sector can be controlled automatically or manually, creating a pattern of wireless coverage perfectly tailored to individual customer needs. For example: outside wall Figure 4.
Wi-Fi Array Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) The Xirrus XP1, XP2, and XP8 Power over Gigabit Ethernet modules provide power to your Arrays over the same Cat 5e or Cat 6 cable used for data, eliminating the need to run power cables and provide an AC power outlet in proximity to each unit. Managed modules provide the ability to control power using XMS. Figure 5. XP8 - Power over Ethernet Usage Specific models of the Array are compatible with specific PoGE modules.
Wi-Fi Array (WMI). The WMI enables easy configuration and control from a graphical console, along with a full compliment of troubleshooting tools and statistics. Figure 6. WMI: Array Status In addition, a fully featured Command Line Interface (CLI) offers IT professionals a familiar management and control environment. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is also supported to allow management from an SNMP compliant management tool, such as the optional Xirrus Management System.
Wi-Fi Array 16 For deployments of more than five Arrays, we recommend that you use the Xirrus Management System (XMS). The XMS offers a rich set of features for fine control over large deployments.
Wi-Fi Array Key Features and Benefits This section describes some of the key product features and the benefits you can expect when deploying the Wi-Fi Array (the XN16 product is highlighted in this section). High Capacity and High Performance an12 an11 abgn4 an1 abgn1 an10 an2 an3 an9 an8 an4 abgn3 abgn2 an7 an5 an6 Mode(s) abgn2 (RF monitoring) IAP number Figure 7.
Wi-Fi Array In the recommended configuration, IAP (radio) abg(n)2 is configured in RF monitoring and rogue AP detection mode. a12 a11 a1 abg4 abg1 a10 a2 a3 a9 a8 a4 abg3 abg2 a7 abg2 (RF monitoring) a5 a6 Mode(s) IAP number Figure 8. Naming of IAPs (XS16) Extended Coverage One XN16 solution enables you to replace up to sixteen access points (includes one omnidirectional IAP for monitoring the network).
Wi-Fi Array Flexible Coverage Schemes Your Wi-Fi Array offers flexible coverage schemes for each wireless technology. Figure 9. Coverage Schemes (XS16 shown) 802.11a/n, 802.11a Delivers 60° wireless coverage per IAP, with 6 dBi of gain. 802.11b/g/n, 802.11b/g Delivers 180° wireless coverage, with 3 dBi of gain. 802.11a/b/g/n, 802.11a/b/g (monitor only) Delivers 360° wireless coverage, with 2 dBi of gain.
Wi-Fi Array SDMA Optimization SDMA (Spatial Division Multiple Access) technology provides full 360° coverage while allowing independent channel and power output customization. Also supports fast inter-zone handoffs for time-sensitive applications and roaming. Fast Roaming Utilizes the Xirrus Roaming Protocol (XRP) ensuring fast and seamless roaming capabilities between IAPs or Arrays at both Layer 2 and Layer 3.
Wi-Fi Array Xirrus Advanced RF Performance Manager (RPM) The Xirrus RPM optimizes the bandwidth usage and station performance of 802.11n Wi-Fi networks. Leveraging the multiple integrated access point (multiradio) design of the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array, RPM manages the allocation of wireless bandwidth to wireless stations across multiple RF channels. The result maximizes overall network performance with superior flexibility and capacity.
Wi-Fi Array Xirrus Advanced RF Security Manager (RSM) The Xirrus RSM improves security and minimizes the risk in deploying 802.11n wireless networks. Leveraging an integrated 24/7 threat sensor and hardwarebased encryption/decryption in each Array, RSM secures the Wi-Fi network from multiple types of threats. The result delivers uncompromised overall network security with superior flexibility and performance.
Wi-Fi Array installation, as well as give IT administrators the ability to troubleshoot issues that may occur within the wireless environment. The 802.11n standard will continue to evolve over the next several years with additional performance and optional functions, along with ongoing stream of IEEE 802.11 amendments. This changing wireless landscape mandates that appropriate tools are available to the user to analyze, optimize, and troubleshoot their changing environments.
Wi-Fi Array ??xxx Please review VERRRRRY carefully!! Element Number of Users XR4000 Series Specifications Maximum of 96 associated users per radio XR48xx: 768 users per Array XR44xx: 384 users per Array Physical Diameter: 12.58 inches (31.95 cm) Height: 2.58 inches (6.55 cm) Weight: 4lbs (1.
Wi-Fi Array Element Interfaces XR4000 Series Specifications Serial Console Port: 1 x RS232 – RJ45 connector, for local configuration Ethernet Interfaces: 2 x Gigabit 100/1000 Mbps uplink ports for link aggregation, redundancy, or bridging 1 x Fast Ethernet 10/100 Mbps, for out of band management Status LEDs: System status, Ethernet, Radio Networking DHCP client, DHCP server (multiple DHCP pools), DNS Client, NTP client, NAT Management Xirrus Management System (XMS) — Layer 3 Element Management System
Wi-Fi Array Element Quality of Service (QoS) Support XR4000 Series Specifications Multiple SSIDs: 16 unique SSIDs per Array Each SSID beacons a unique BSSID per radio VLAN and QoS settings for each SSID VLANs: Up to 16 VLANs, 802.1Q, 802.1p Prioritization: 802.11e wireless prioritization 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Security XR4000 Series Specifications Wireless Encryption Line speed, hardware-accelerated encryption modes: WPA TKIP WPA2 AES WEP 40/64 WEP 104/128 Wireless Authentication: Open Pre-shared Key 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Security (continued) XR4000 Series Specifications Time of Day Access: Specify when access is allowed, per SSID or User Group Station-Station Blocking: Station-to-Station traffic blocking option Wireless Wireless Standards: 802.11a 802.11b 802.11d 802.11g 802.11e 802.11h 802.11i 802.11j 802.11n Number of Radios: ??OK?? XR48xx: 4 x 802.11a/n radios 4 x 802.11a/b/g/n radios Advanced RF design includes 36 integrated antennas XR44xx: 4 x 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Wireless (continued) XR4000 Series Specifications Frequency Bands: 11a/n: 4.945 – 4.985 (restricted Public Safety band) 11a/n: 5.15-5.25 GHz (UNII 1) 11a/n: 5.15-5.25 GHz (TELEC) 11a/n: 5.25-5.35 GHz (UNII 2) 11a/n: 5.470-5.725 (ETSI) 11a/n: 5.725-5.825 GHz (UNII 3) 11b/g/n: 2.412-2.462 GHz (FCC) 11b/g/n: 2.412-2.472 GHz (ETSI) 11b/g/n: 2.412-2.484 GHz (TELEC) Channel Selection: Manual and Automatic 802.11a/n Antennas Integrated 6dBi, sectorized 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Compliance XR4000 Series Specifications Electromagnetic: ICES-003 (Canada) EN 301.893 (Europe) EN 301.489-1 and -17 (Europe) Safety: EN 60950 EN 50371 to 50385 CE Mark Additional information in “Appendix F: Notices” on page 467. Certifications Wi-Fi Alliance: 802.11a/b/g/n, WPA, WPA2, and extended EAP types. Our certifications may be viewed here. Additional information in “Appendix F: Notices” on page 467.
Wi-Fi Array Product Specifications — XN16, XN12, and XN8 Element Number of Users XN16/XN12/XN8 Specifications Maximum of 96 associated users per radio XN16: 1536 users per Array XN12: 1152 users per Array XN8: 768 users per Array Physical Diameter: 18.65 inches (47.37 cm) Height: 3.87 inches (9.83 cm) Weight: 10 lbs (3.
Wi-Fi Array Element Electrical XN16/XN12/XN8 Specifications XN8, XN12, XN16 powered by PoGE only PoGE (DC) Input Power: Power over Gigabit Ethernet — no splitter required, 48VDC, Maximum 2A Nominal Power: XN16: 90W XN12: 75W XN8: 60W All Models: For PoGE, see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix” on page 451.
Wi-Fi Array Element Management XN16/XN12/XN8 Specifications Xirrus Management System (XMS) — Layer 3 Element Management System HTTPS Web Management Interface (WMI) CLI via SSHv2, Telnet, local serial Console Enable/disable management for any interface Read-write and read-only admin accounts may be authenticated via RADIUS SNMP v2c, v3 Configuration Files — text-based files may be imported, exported, or compared NetFlow — IP flow information (traffic statistics may be sent to an external Collector FTP, TFT
Wi-Fi Array Element Security XN16/XN12/XN8 Specifications Wireless Encryption Line speed, hardware-accelerated encryption modes: WPA TKIP WPA2 AES WEP 40/64 WEP 104/128 Wireless Authentication: Open Pre-shared Key 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Security (continued) XN16/XN12/XN8 Specifications Time of Day Access: Specify when access is allowed, per SSID or User Group Station-Station Blocking: Station-to-Station traffic blocking option Wireless Wireless Standards: 802.11a 802.11b 802.11d 802.11g 802.11e 802.11h 802.11i 802.11j 802.11n Number of Radios: XN16: 12 x 802.11a/n radios 4 x 802.11a/b/g/n radios Only 12 radios should be used as 802.11a/n radios (i.e., 5 GHz band) concurrently.
Wi-Fi Array Element Wireless (continued) XN16/XN12/XN8 Specifications Frequency Bands: 11a/n: 4.945 – 4.985 (restricted Public Safety band) 11a/n: 5.15-5.25 GHz (UNII 1) 11a/n: 5.15-5.25 GHz (TELEC) 11a/n: 5.25-5.35 GHz (UNII 2) 11a/n: 5.470-5.725 (ETSI) 11a/n: 5.725-5.825 GHz (UNII 3) 11b/g/n: 2.412-2.462 GHz (FCC) 11b/g/n: 2.412-2.472 GHz (ETSI) 11b/g/n: 2.412-2.484 GHz (TELEC) Channel Selection: Manual and Automatic 802.11a/n Antennas Integrated 6dBi, sectorized 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Compliance XN16/XN12/XN8 Specifications Electromagnetic: ICES-003 (Canada) EN 301.893 (Europe) EN 301.489-1 and -17 (Europe) Safety: EN 60950 EN 50371 to 50385 CE Mark Additional information in “Appendix F: Notices” on page 467. Certifications Wi-Fi Alliance: 802.11a/b/g/n, WPA, WPA2, and extended EAP types. Our certifications may be viewed here. Additional information in “Appendix F: Notices” on page 467.
Wi-Fi Array Product Specifications — XN4 Element XN4 Specifications Number of Users Maximum of 96 associated users per radio, 384 users per XN4 Physical Diameter: 12.58 inches (31.95 cm) Height: 2.58 inches (6.55 cm) Weight: 4lbs (1.81 kg) Environmental Operating Temperature: 0°C to 55°C 0% to 90% relative humidity (non-condensing) Storage Temperature: -20°C to 60°C 5% to 95% relative humidity (non-condensing) System 825 MHz CPU 512 MB RAM 1 GB system flash Integrated Switch 2.
Wi-Fi Array Element Interfaces XN4 Specifications Serial Console Port: 1 x RS232 – RJ45 connector, for local configuration Ethernet Interfaces: 1 x Gigabit 100/1000 Mbps uplink port Status LEDs: System status, Ethernet, Radio Networking DHCP client, DHCP server (multiple DHCP pools), DNS Client, NTP client, NAT Management Xirrus Management System (XMS) — Layer 3 Element Management System HTTPS Web Management Interface (WMI) CLI via SSHv2, Telnet, local serial Console Enable/disable management for any
Wi-Fi Array Element Quality of Service (QoS) Support XN4 Specifications Multiple SSIDs: 16 unique SSIDs per Array Each SSID beacons a unique BSSID per radio VLAN and QoS settings for each SSID VLANs: Up to 16 VLANs, 802.1Q, 802.1p Prioritization: 802.11e wireless prioritization 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Security XN4 Specifications Wireless Encryption Line speed, hardware-accelerated encryption modes: WPA TKIP WPA2 AES WEP 40/64 WEP 104/128 Wireless Authentication: Open Pre-shared Key 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Security (continued) XN4 Specifications Time of Day Access: Specify when access is allowed, per SSID or User Group Station-Station Blocking: Station-to-Station traffic blocking option Wireless Wireless Standards: 802.11a 802.11b 802.11d 802.11g 802.11e 802.11h 802.11i 802.11j 802.11n Number of Radios: 4 x 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Wireless (continued) XN4 Specifications Frequency Bands: 11a/n: 4.945 – 4.985 (restricted Public Safety band) 11a/n: 5.15-5.25 GHz (UNII 1) 11a/n: 5.15-5.25 GHz (TELEC) 11a/n: 5.25-5.35 GHz (UNII 2) 11a/n: 5.470-5.725 (ETSI) 11a/n: 5.725-5.825 GHz (UNII 3) 11b/g/n: 2.412-2.462 GHz (FCC) 11b/g/n: 2.412-2.472 GHz (ETSI) 11b/g/n: 2.412-2.484 GHz (TELEC) Channel Selection: Manual and Automatic 802.11a/n Antennas Integrated 3dBi, sectorized 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Compliance XN4 Specifications Electromagnetic: ICES-003 (Canada) EN 301.893 (Europe) EN 301.489-1 and -17 (Europe) Safety: EN 60950 EN 50371 to 50385 CE Mark Additional information in “Appendix F: Notices” on page 467. Certifications Wi-Fi Alliance: 802.11a/b/g/n, WPA, WPA2, and extended EAP types. Our certifications may be viewed here. Additional information in “Appendix F: Notices” on page 467.
Wi-Fi Array Product Specifications — XS16 and XS8 Element Number of Users XS16/XS8 Specifications Maximum of 64 associated users per radio 1024 users per Array (XS16) 512 users per Array (XS8) Physical Diameter: 18.65 inches (47.37 cm) Height: 3.87 inches (9.83 cm) Weight: 8lbs (3.
Wi-Fi Array Element Electrical XS16/XS8 Specifications XS16/XS8: Each Array supports both AC and PoGE AC Input Power: 90-265VAC at 47-63Hz PoGE Input Power: Power over Gigabit Ethernet — no splitter required, 48VDC Nominal Power: XS16: 70W XS8: 45W For PoGE, see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix” on page 451. Networking DHCP client, DHCP server, NTP client, NAT VLAN Support 802.1Q, 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Security XS16/XS8 Specifications Wireless Security: WEP 40bit/128bit encryption WPA and WPA2 with TKIP and AES encryption Rogue AP detection, with alerts and classification User and System Authentication: WPA and WPA2 Pre-Shared Key authentication Internal RADIUS Server, supports EAP-PEAP only 802.1x EAP-TLS 802.1x EAP-TTLS/MSCHAPv2 802.1x PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2 802.1x PEAPv1/EAP-GTC 802.1x EAP-SIM 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Wireless XS16/XS8 Specifications Number of Radios: 12 x 802.11a radios 4 x 802.11a/b/g radios Only 12 radios should be used as 802.11a radios concurrently. XS16: XS8: 4 x 802.11a radios 4 x 802.11a/b/g radios Wireless Standards: 802.11a/b/g and g-only mode 802.11e, 802.11i Channel Selection: Manual and Automatic Frequency Bands: 11a: 4.945 – 4.985 (restricted Public Safety band) 11a: 5.15-5.25 GHz (UNII 1) 11a: 5.15-5.25 GHz (TELEC) 11a: 5.25-5.35 GHz (UNII 2) 11a: 5.470-5.
Wi-Fi Array Element Wireless (continued) XS16/XS8 Specifications Antennas (XS8): 4 x internal 6 dBi 60° 802.11a sectorized 4x internal 3 dBi 180° 802.11b/g sectorized 1 x internal 2 dBi 360° omni-directional (for RF monitoring) 3 x external RP-TNC connectors for three 802.11a/ b/g radios * Radio Approvals: FCC (United States) and EN 301.893 (Europe) * Note: External RP-TNC antenna connectors are not for outside plant connection.
Wi-Fi Array Element Certifications XS16/XS8 Specifications Wi-Fi Alliance: 802.11a/b/g, WPA, WPA2, and extended EAP types. Our certifications may be viewed here. Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 140 -2, Level 2. Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) verified by VeriSign Additional information in “Appendix F: Notices” on page 467.
Wi-Fi Array Product Specifications — XS4 Element XS4 Specifications Number of Users Maximum of 64 associated users per radio (256 users per Array) Physical Diameter: 12.58 inches (31.95 cm) Height: 2.58 inches (6.55 cm) Weight: 4lbs (1.
Wi-Fi Array Element Interfaces XS4 Specifications Serial: 1 x RS232 – RJ45 connector Ethernet Interfaces: 1 x Gigabit 100/1000 Mbps Status LEDs: System status, Ethernet, Radio Management Web-based HTTPS SNMP v2c, v3 CLI via SSHv2 or Telnet FTP TFTP Serial Xirrus Management System (XMS) Syslog reporting for alerts/alarms Networking DHCP client, DHCP server, NTP client, NAT VLAN Support 802.1Q, 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Security XS4 Specifications Wireless Security: WEP 40bit/128bit encryption WPA and WPA2 with TKIP and AES encryption Rogue AP detection, with alerts and classification User and System Authentication: WPA Pre-Shared Key authentication Internal RADIUS Server, supports EAP-PEAP only 802.1x EAP-TLS 802.1x EAP-TTLS/MSCHAPv2 802.1x PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2 802.1x PEAPv1/EAP-GTC 802.1x EAP-SIM 802.
Wi-Fi Array Element Wireless XS4 Specifications Number of Radios: 4 x 802.11a/b/g radios Wireless Standards: 802.11a/b/g and g-only mode 802.11e, 802.11i Channel Selection: Manual and Automatic Frequency Bands: 11a: 4.945 – 4.985 (restricted Public Safety band) 11a: 5.15-5.25 GHz (UNII 1) 11a: 5.15-5.25 GHz (TELEC) 11a: 5.25-5.35 GHz (UNII 2) 11a: 5.470-5.725 (ETSI) 11a: 5.725-5825 GHz (UNII 3) 11b/g: 2.412-2.462 GHz (FCC) 11b/g: 2.412-2.472 GHz (ETSI) 11b/g: 2.412-2.
Wi-Fi Array Element Certifications XS4 Specifications Wi-Fi Alliance: 802.11a/b/g, WPA, WPA2, and extended EAP types. Our certifications may be viewed here. Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 140 -2, Level 2. Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) verified by VeriSign Additional information in “Appendix F: Notices” on page 467.
Wi-Fi Array 56 Introduction
Wi-Fi Array Installing the Wi-Fi Array The instructions for completing a successful installation include the following topics: “Installation Prerequisites” on page 57. “Planning Your Installation” on page 60. “Installation Workflow” on page 94. “Installing Your Wi-Fi Array” on page 96. “Powering Up the Wi-Fi Array” on page 100. “Establishing Communication with the Array” on page 103. “Performing the Express Setup Procedure” on page 106.
Wi-Fi Array Ethernet port You need at least one 100/1000 BaseT port to establish wired Gigabit Ethernet connectivity (via the product’s Gigabit 1 or Gigabit 2 port) and one 10/100 BaseT port (if desired) for product management. ! ! The Array’s Ethernet ports should be connected to an Ethernet switch, not an Ethernet hub — if a hub is used, we recommend that you connect only one Ethernet port. The Gigabit1 Ethernet interface is the primary port for both data and management traffic.
Wi-Fi Array Use the following settings when establishing a serial connection: Bits per second 115,200 Data bits Parity 8 None Stop bits Flow control 1 None Optional Network Components The following network components are optional. Xirrus Management System (XMS) The optional XMS offers powerful management features for small or large Wi-Fi Array deployments. External RADIUS server Although your Array comes with an embedded RADIUS server, for 802.
Wi-Fi Array Planning Your Installation This section provides guidelines and examples to help you plan your Xirrus Wi-Fi Array deployment to achieve the best overall coverage and performance. We recommend you conduct a site survey to determine the best location and settings for each Array you install. The following topics are discussed: “General Deployment Considerations” on page 60 “Coverage and Capacity Planning” on page 62 “IEEE 802.
Wi-Fi Array wireless range from between 3 and 90 feet (1 to 30 meters). Position your devices so that the number of walls or ceilings is minimized. 2. Be aware of the direct line between each device. For example, a wall that is 1.5 feet thick (half a meter) at 90° is actually almost 3 feet thick (or 1 meter) when viewed at a 45° angle.
Wi-Fi Array Coverage and Capacity Planning This section considers coverage and capacity for your deployment(s), including placement options, RF patterns and cell sizes, area calculations, roaming considerations, and channel allocations. Note that several advanced features in this section are part of the Xirrus Advanced RF Performance Manager (RPM). They require the license installed on the Array to include support for RPM. Please see “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 325.
Wi-Fi Array 3. If using multiple Arrays in the same area, maintain a distance of at least 100ft/30m between Arrays if there is direct line-of-sight between units, or at least 50ft/15m if a wall or other barrier exists between units. RF Patterns The Wi-Fi Array allows you to control — automatically or manually — the pattern of wireless coverage that best suits your deployment needs.
Wi-Fi Array service into public areas. The same principle applies if you want to restrict service to an adjacent room within the site. outside wall Figure 13. Adjusting RF Patterns Custom Coverage Where there are highly reflective objects in proximity to the Array, you can turn off specific radios to avoid interference and feedback. reflective object Figure 14.
Wi-Fi Array Capacity and Cell Sizes Cell sizes should be estimated based on the number of users, the applications being used (for example, data/video/voice), and the number of Arrays available at the location. The capacity of a cell is defined as the minimum data rate desired for each sector multiplied by the total number of sectors being used. Figure 15. Connection Rate vs. Distance Figure 15 shows relative connection rates for 802.11n vs. 802.11a/g and 802.
Wi-Fi Array Fine Tuning Cell Sizes Adjusting the transmit power allows you to fine tune cell sizes. There are four standard sizes — Small, Medium, Large, or Max (the default is Max). There is also an Auto setting that automatically determines the best cell size, and a Manual setting that allows you to choose your power settings directly. Small Medium Large Figure 16.
Wi-Fi Array Sharp Cell This patented Xirrus RF management option automatically creates more intelligently defined cells and improves performance by creating smaller, highthroughput cells. By dynamically limiting each cell to a defined boundary (cell size), the trailing edge bleed of RF energy is reduced, thus minimizing interference between neighboring Wi-Fi Arrays or other Access Points. To enable the Sharp Cell feature, go to “RF Power & Sensitivity” on page 298.
Wi-Fi Array performed by scanning the surrounding area for RF activity on all channels, then automatically selecting and setting channels on the Array to the best channels available. This function is typically executed when initially installing Arrays in a new location and may optionally be configured to execute periodically to account for changes in the RF environment over time.
Wi-Fi Array Manual Channel Selection You can manually assign channels on a per radio basis, though manual selection is not recommended (and not necessary). To avoid co-channel interference, do not select adjacent channels for radios that are physically next to each other. Maintain channel separation Figure 18.
Wi-Fi Array Deployment Examples The following examples employ 802.11a cells, each offering minimum throughputs of 54 Mbps, 36 Mbps, and 18 Mbps per sector respectively, and assume a floor plan covering a total area of about 60,000 square feet (5574 sq m). Figure 19. Deployment Scenario (54 Mbps) — Per Sector Figure 20.
Wi-Fi Array Figure 21.
Wi-Fi Array IEEE 802.11n Deployment Considerations IEEE 802.11n features are supported only on XR and XN Array models, and this section applies only to those Arrays. Note that the license installed on the Array must include support for 802.11n. Please see “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 325. The Xirrus XR and XN Arrays support IEEE 802.11n on all IAPs, in both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. Use of 802.
Wi-Fi Array Two very important techniques to consider are Channel Bonding and Multiple Data Streams — Spatial Multiplexing because they contribute a large portion of 802.11n’s speed improvements and because they are optional and configurable, as opposed to the parts of 802.11n that are fixed. While the settings for 802.11n IAPs come pre-configured on the Array for robust performance in typical usage, you should review the settings for your deployment, especially channel bonding.
Wi-Fi Array MIMO Processed Signal Antenna 1 Signal Attenuation Receiver Antenna 2 Signal Antenna 3 Signal Frequency Across Subcarriers Figure 23. MIMO Signal Processing MIMO signal processing uses multiple antennas to send and receive data. It takes advantage of multipath reflections to improve signal coherence and greatly increase receiver sensitivity (Figure 23). Multipath signals were considered to be interference by 802.11a/b/g radios, and degraded performance. In 802.
Wi-Fi Array Multiple Data Streams — Spatial Multiplexing Spatial Multiplexing transmits completely separate data streams on different antennas (in the same channel) that are recombined to produce new 802.11n data rates. Higher data rates are achieved by splitting the original data stream into separate data streams. Each separate stream is transmitted on a different antenna (using its own RF chain). MIMO signal processing at the receiver can detect and recover each stream.
Wi-Fi Array Channel Bonding Channel bonding increases data rates by combining two adjacent 20 MHz channels into one 40 MHz channel. This increases the data rate to slightly more than double. A bonded 40 MHz channel is specified in terms of the Primary channel and the adjacent channel to Bond. The Bond channel is represented by +1 to use the channel above the Primary channel, or -1 to use the channel below.
Wi-Fi Array Improved MAC Throughput These changes make 802.11n transmission of MAC frames 40% more efficient than legacy transmission: MAC data frames are combined and given a single PHY header. Implicit Block ACK acknowledges all data frames within a combined frame. Spacing between frames is reduced.
Wi-Fi Array inappropriate environment, the signal quality will suffer and throughput will decrease. See “Global Settings .11n” on page 291 to configure the guard interval. Obtaining Higher Data Rates The data rate increase obtained by using 802.11n on an Array is incremental, based on the technologies that are applied and the options that you select: Higher encoding rates (Mandatory in 802.11n) Spatial Streams (Mandatory, but multiplier varies directly with number of streams selected.
Wi-Fi Array 802.11n Capacity 802.11n offers major increases in capacity over previous 802.11 standards, as shown in Figure 28. Note that this chart shows figures for 802.11n (with one spatial stream and channel bonding). 802.11a/n Capacity 150 23 channels * 150Mbps = 3.4Gbps 802.11a Capacity 23 channels * 54Mbps = 1.2 Gbps 802.11g/n Capacity 3 channels * 150Mbps = 450 Mbps 802.11g Capacity 3 channels * 54Mbps = 162 Mbps 802.11b Capacity 3 channels * 11Mbps = 33 Mbps Figure 28. 802.
Wi-Fi Array Failover Planning This section discusses failover protection at the unit and port levels. Port Failover Protection To ensure that service is continued in the event of a port failure, you can utilize the Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 ports simultaneously. Multiple port connections Ethernet switch Figure 29. Port Failover Protection In addition, the Array has full failover protection between the Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 Ethernet ports (see following table).
Wi-Fi Array Load Balancing Broadcast Link Backup Bridged Mirrored For more details on Gigabit port modes and their configuration, please see “Network Interface Ports” on page 181. Switch Failover Protection To ensure that service is continued in the event of a switch failure, you can connect Arrays to more than one Ethernet switch (not a hub). Ethernet connections Backup switch Ethernet switch Figure 30.
Wi-Fi Array Power Planning All XR and XN Series Array models and XS16/8/4 Arrays support Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) with an integrated splitter. AC power is also supported on some versions of the XS8 and XS16.? True?? This section discusses the AC and PoGE power options. AC Power The AC power option requires a direct connection between the Array and a dedicated AC power outlet. The power cord is provided with the unit.
Wi-Fi Array Security Planning This section offers some useful guidelines for defining your preferred encryption and authentication method. For additional information, see “Understanding Security” on page 210 and the Security section of “Frequently Asked Questions” on page 432. Note that several advanced features in this section are part of the Xirrus Advanced RF Security Manager (RSM). They require the license installed on the Array to include support for RSM.
Wi-Fi Array also be authenticated via RADIUS when preferred, or to meet particular security standards. Xirrus Internal RADIUS server Recommended for smaller numbers of users (about 100 or less). Supports EAP-PEAP only Pre-Shared Key Uses a pass-phrase or key that is manually distributed to all authorized users. The same passphrase is given to client devices and entered into each Array.
Wi-Fi Array See Also Failover Planning Network Management Planning Power Planning Installing the Wi-Fi Array 85
Wi-Fi Array Port Requirements A number of ports are used by various Array features and by the Xirrus Management System (XMS). The Port Requirements table on page 87 lists ports and the features that require them (XMS port requirements are included in the table for your convenience). If you are using a feature, please make sure that the ports that it requires are not blocked by firewalls or other policies, and that they do not conflict with any other port assignments.
Wi-Fi Array The following table lists port requirements for the Array and for XMS, how they are used, and whether they may be changed. Port Application Peer Configurable Array 20 tcp 21 udp FTP Client Yes 22 tcp SSH Client Yes 23 tcp Telnet Client Yes 25 tcp SMTP Mail Server No 69 tcp TFTP TFTP Server No 161 tcp/udp SNMP XMS Server No 162 tcp/udp SNMP Traphost Note Up to four Traphosts may be configured.
Wi-Fi Array Port Application Peer Configurable XMS 25 tcp SMTP Mail Server Yes 161 udp SNMP Arrays No 162 udp SNMP Traphost 1 Arrays Via XMS config file HTTPS Arrays No 514 udp Resident Syslog server Internal* Via XMS config file 1099 tcp RMI Registry Internal* No 2000 tcp XMS Back-end Server Internal* No 3306 tcp MySQL Database Internal* No 8001 tcp Status Viewer Internal* No 8007 tcp Tomcat Shutdown Internal* During installation 8009 tcp Web Container Internal*
Wi-Fi Array Network Management Planning Network management can be performed using any of the following methods: Command Line Interface, using an SSH (Secure Shell) utility, like PuTTY. The utility must be set up to use SSH-2, since the Array will only allow SSH-2 connections. Web-based management, using the Array’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI). This method provides configuration and basic monitoring tools, and is good for small deployments (one or two units).
Wi-Fi Array WDS Planning WDS (Wireless Distribution System) creates wireless backhauls between arrays, allowing your wireless network to be expanded using multiple Arrays without the need for a wired backbone to link them (see Figure 32). WDS features include: One to three IAPs may be used to form a single WDS link, yielding up to 900 Mbps bandwidth per link (up to 162 Mbps for XS model Arrays). Up to three different WDS links may be created on a single Array.
Wi-Fi Array Figure 33. A Multiple Hop WDS Connection Multiple WDS links can provide link redundancy (failover capability - see Figure 34). A network protocol (Spanning Tree Protocol — STP) prevents Arrays from forming network loops. Figure 34.
Wi-Fi Array WDS links have a Host/Client relationship similar to the usual IAP/station pattern for Arrays: A WDS Client Link associates/authenticates to a host (target) Array in the same way that a station associates to an IAP. The client side of the link must be configured with the root MAC address of the target (host) Array. A WDS Host Link acts like an IAP by allowing one WDS Client Link to associate to it. An Array may have both client and host links.
Wi-Fi Array Common Deployment Options The following table lists some typical and recommended deployment options for a number of the features that have been discussed in this chapter.
Wi-Fi Array Installation Workflow This workflow illustrates the steps that are required to install and configure your Wi-Fi Array successfully. Review this flowchart before attempting to install the unit on a customer’s network.
Wi-Fi Array Common Deployment Options Failover Planning Installation Prerequisites Planning Your Installation Power Planning Wi-Fi Array Product Overview Product Specifications — XN16, XN12, and XN8 Product Specifications — XS16 and XS8 Product Specifications — XS4 Security Planning Installing the Wi-Fi Array 95
Wi-Fi Array Installing Your Wi-Fi Array This section provides instructions for completing a physical installation of your Xirrus Wi-Fi Array. Choosing a Location Based on coverage, capacity and deployment examples previously discussed, choose a location for the Array that will provide the best results for your needs. The Wi-Fi Array was designed to be mounted on a ceiling where the unit is unobtrusive and wireless transmissions can travel unimpeded throughout open plan areas.
Wi-Fi Array Wiring Considerations If you are using the Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet modules (PoGE) to distribute power, see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE)” on page 14. If you prefer to use AC power and you have an Array that supports AC, an AC power outlet must be available to the Array.
Wi-Fi Array Important Notes About Network Connections Read the following notes before making any network connections. ! ! When the unit’s IP address is unknown or a network connection has not been established, the serial cable is used for connecting directly with the Command Line Interface (CLI) via HyperTerminal. When a network connection is established, the Array can be managed from any of the available network connections, either Fast Ethernet, Gigabit 1 or Gigabit 2.
Wi-Fi Array Mounting the Array A number of options are available for mounting Arrays: Ceiling mount Wall mount Secure mount in a locking indoor enclosure Outdoor enclosure I-Beam mount in a protective enclosure (gymnasium mount) Factory enclosure A detailed Quick Installation Guide is provided with the mounting option that you selected when ordering your Array. Please follow the provided instructions carefully.
Wi-Fi Array Powering Up the Wi-Fi Array When powering up, the Array follows a specific sequence of LED patterns showing the boot progress, and following a successful boot will provide extensive status information. Ethernet Activity LEDs Status LED IAP LEDs (x16) Figure 37. LED Locations (XN16) Array LED settings may be altered or disabled entirely for diagnostic purposes or for personal preference.
Wi-Fi Array Array LED Operating Sequences Use the following tables to review the operating sequences of the Array’s LEDs.
Wi-Fi Array LED Operation when Array is Running The normal LED operation when the Array is running is shown in the table below. Note that behavior may be modified using “LED Settings” on page 303 or via the CLI. LED Status Reason IAP LED is OFF IAP is down IAP LED is solid ON IAP is up, but no associations and no traffic IAP LED heartbeat IAP is up, with stations associated but no traffic IAP LED flashing IAP is up, passing traffic Flashing at 10 Hz Flashing at 5 Hz Flashing at 2.
Wi-Fi Array Establishing Communication with the Array The Array can be configured through the Command Line Interface (CLI) or the graphical Web Management Interface (WMI). You can use the CLI via the serial management port, the Fast Ethernet port, or either of the Gigabit Ethernet ports. You can use the WMI via any of the Array’s Ethernet ports. Serial Fast Ethernet Gigabit 1 Gigabit 2 Figure 38.
Wi-Fi Array Logging In When logging in to the Array, use the default user name and password — the default user name is admin, and the default password is admin. See Also Installation Workflow Performing the Express Setup Procedure Powering Up the Wi-Fi Array Entering the License A license is needed to operate the Wi-Fi Array at full functionality. Without a license, the Array may only be powered up and have a basic network configuration.
Wi-Fi Array 4. Now you may verify the features provided by the key. In the Status section of the left hand frame, click Array and then click Information. Check the items listed in the License Features row. If you are installing a large number of licenses and do not have XMS, a Xirrus Licensing Tool may be acquired from Xirrus Support to help push licenses to large number of Arrays.
Wi-Fi Array Performing the Express Setup Procedure The Express Setup procedure establishes global configuration settings that enable basic Array functionality. Changes made in this window will affect all radios. Figure 39.
Wi-Fi Array Procedure for Performing an Express Setup 1. Host Name: Specify a unique host name for this Array. The host name is used to identify the Array on the network. Use a name that will be meaningful within your network environment, up to 64 alphanumeric characters. The default is Xirrus-WiFi-Array. 2. Location Information: Enter a brief but meaningful description that accurately defines the physical location of the Array.
Wi-Fi Array or choose Static if you intend to enter IP addresses manually. If you choose the Static IP option, you must enter the following information: 8. IP Address: Enter a valid IP address for this Array. To use any of the remote connections (Web, SNMP, or SSH), a valid IP address must be used. IP Subnet Mask: Enter a valid IP address for the subnet mask (the default is 255.255.255.0).
Wi-Fi Array • WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) — A Wi-Fi Alliance standard that contains a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard, using TKIP or AES as an encryption method and 802.1x for authentication. • WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) — WPA2 is the follow-on security method to WPA for wireless networks and provides stronger data protection and network access control. It offers Enterprise and consumer Wi-Fi users with a high level of assurance that only authorized users can access their wireless networks.
Wi-Fi Array 10. Time and Date Settings: This section specifies an optional time (NTP Network Time Protocol) server or modifies the system time if you’re not using a server. a. Time Zone: Select your time zone from the choices available in the pull-down list. b. Use Network Time Protocol: Check this box if you want to use an NTP server to synchronize the Array’s clock. This ensures that Syslog time-stamping is maintained across all units.
Wi-Fi Array 11. IAP Settings: Enable/Configure All IAPs: Click on the Execute button to enable and auto configure all IAPs (a message displays the countdown time — in seconds — to complete the auto-configuration task). When an IAP is enabled, its LED is switched on. (Figure 40, see also “Array LED Operating Sequences” on page 101.) LED on Figure 40. LEDs are Switched On 12. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session 13.
Wi-Fi Array 112 Installing the Wi-Fi Array
Wi-Fi Array The Web Management Interface This topic provides an overview of the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI), used for establishing your network’s configuration settings and wireless operating parameters. It also includes login instructions.
Wi-Fi Array An Overview The WMI is an easy-to-use graphical interface to your Wi-Fi Array. It allows you to configure the product to suit your individual requirements and ensure that the unit functions efficiently and effectively. Figure 41.
Wi-Fi Array Structure of the WMI The content of the WMI is organized by function and hierarchy, shown in the following table. Click on any item below to jump to the referenced destination.
Wi-Fi Array Configuration Windows Express Setup Network Network Interfaces DNS Settings CDP Settings Services Time Settings (NTP) NetFlow Wi-Fi Tag System Log SNMP DHCP Server VLANs VLAN Management Security Admin Management Admin Privileges Admin RADIUS Management Control Access Control List Global Settings External Radius Internal Radius Rogue Control List SSIDs SSID Management Active IAPs Groups Group Management 116 Configuration Windows (cont’d) IAPs IAP Settings Global Settings (IAP) Global Settings .
Wi-Fi Array User Interface The WMI has been designed with simplicity in mind, making navigation quick and easy. In the following example, you’ll see that windows are divided into left and right frames. Left frame Right frame Array info Pull-down menu Help Log Message counters Click to configure/view statistics Figure 42.
Wi-Fi Array The left frame contains three main elements: Configuration menu organized by function (for example, radio interfaces, security, etc.). Click the heading to display a summary of its current configuration, as well as an associated pull-down menu. Three Log Messages counters are located at the bottom of the menu. They provide a running total of messages generated by the ArrayOS Syslog subsystem during your session — organized into Critical, Warning, and General messages.
Wi-Fi Array Utility Buttons At the bottom of each window you will find a set of useful buttons — a Feedback button, a Print button and a Help button. Print button Feedback button Help button Figure 43. WMI: Utility Buttons Click on the Feedback button to generate a Web page that allows you to submit your comments to Xirrus, Inc. You can also access the feedback page at http://www.xirrus.com/public/feedback/. Refer to Figure 44 on page 120 to see a sample of the feedback form.
Wi-Fi Array Figure 44.
Wi-Fi Array Logging In Use this procedure to log in to the WMI via your Web browser. 1. Establish a network connection and open your Web browser. 2. Connect to the Wi-Fi Array via its default IP address (10.0.2.1 for both Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 Ethernet ports) or via a DHCP assigned IP address. 3. To log in to the Array’s Web Management Interface, enter admin when prompted for a user name and password. Figure 45.
Wi-Fi Array 122 The Web Management Interface
Wi-Fi Array Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array These windows provide status information and statistics for your Array using the product’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI). You cannot make configuration changes to your Array from these windows. The following topics have been organized into functional areas that reflect the flow and content of the Status section of the navigation tree in the left frame of the WMI.
Wi-Fi Array Array Summary This is a status only window that provides a snapshot of the global configuration settings for all Wi-Fi Array network interfaces and IAPs. You must go to the appropriate configuration window to make changes to any of the settings displayed here — configuration changes cannot be made from this window. Clicking on an interface or IAP will take you to the proper window for making configuration changes. Figure 46.
Wi-Fi Array • Link: Shows whether the link on this interface is up or down. • DHCP: Shows whether DHCP on this port is enabled or disabled. • IP Address: Shows the current IP address assigned to each network interface device. • Subnet Mask: Shows the subnet mask, which defines the number of IP addresses that are available on the routed subnet where the Array is located. • Gateway: Shows the IP address of the router that the Array uses to transmit data to other networks.
Wi-Fi Array be using adjacent channels. To make channel selections for a specific IAP, go to “IAP Settings” on page 271. • Antenna: Shows which antenna is being used by each IAP. • Cell Size: Indicates which cell size setting is currently active for each IAP — small, medium, large, max, automatic, or manually defined by you. The cell size of an IAP is a function of its transmit power and determines the IAP’s overall coverage. To define cell sizes, go to “IAP Settings” on page 271.
Wi-Fi Array Array Information This is a status only window that shows you the current firmware versions utilized by the Array, serial numbers assigned to each module, MAC addresses, licensing information, recent boot timestamps, and current internal temperatures. Note that the License Features row lists the features that are supported by your Array’s license. See “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 325 and “Advanced Feature Sets” on page 20 for more information. Figure 49.
Wi-Fi Array You cannot make configuration changes in this window, but if you are experiencing issues with network services, you may want to print the content of this window for your records. Array Configuration This is a status only window that allows you to display the configuration settings assigned to the Array, based on the following filter options: Running — displays the current configuration (the one running now). Saved — displays the saved configuration from this session.
Wi-Fi Array To also include the default configuration settings in the output, choose your configuration then click in the Include Defaults check box. If Include Defaults is disabled, then only the changes from the default configuration are shown. Admin History It is useful to know who else is currently logged in to an array while you're configuring it. It's also nice to see who has logged in since the array booted.
Wi-Fi Array ARP Table — displays information about Address Resolution Protocol on this Array. DHCP Leases — displays information about IP addresses (leases) that the Array has allocated to client stations. Connection Tracking/NAT — lists connections that have been established for client stations. CDP Neighbors — lists neighboring network devices using Cisco Discovery Protocol. Network Assurance — shows results of connectivity tests for network servers.
Wi-Fi Array Network Map This window offers detailed information about this Array and all neighboring Arrays, including how the Arrays have been set up within your network. Figure 53. Network Map The Network Map has a number of options at the top of the page that allow you to customize your output by selecting from a variety of information that may be displayed. You may sort the rows based on any column that has an active column header, indicated when the mouse pointer changes to the hand icon .
Wi-Fi Array static IP address. To enable DHCP or to assign a static IP address for the Array, go to “Express Setup” on page 173. Location: The location assigned to the Array. To establish the location information, go to “Express Setup” on page 173. Array OS: The software version running on the Array. IAP: The number of IAPs on the Array. (IAP) Up: Informs you how many IAPs are currently up and running. To enable or disable all IAPs, go to “Express Setup” on page 173.
Wi-Fi Array Licensed Features: Lists the optional features enabled by the key, if any. Software (enabled by default) Enable/disable display of the Array OS column. Firmware Boot Loader: The software version number of the boot loader on each Array. SCD Firmware: The software version number of the SCD firmware on each Array. IAP Info (enabled by default) Enable/disable display of the IAP/Up columns. Stations Stations: Tells you how many stations are currently associated to each Array.
Wi-Fi Array spanning tree algorithm reconfigures the network topology and reestablishes the link by activating the standby path. The spanning tree function is transparent to client stations. Figure 54. Spanning Tree Status This window shows the spanning tree status (forwarding or blocked) for path segments that terminate on the gigabit ports and WDS links of this Array. You may sort the rows based on the VLAN Name or Number columns by clicking the column header.
Wi-Fi Array Routing Table This status-only window lists the entries in the Array’s routing table. The table provides the Array with instructions for sending each packet to its next hop on its route across the network. Figure 55. Routing Table See Also VLANs Configuring VLANs on an Open SSID ARP Table This status-only window lists the entries in the Array’s ARP table. For a device with a given IP address, this table lists the device’s MAC address.
Wi-Fi Array DHCP Leases This status-only window lists the IP addresses (leases) that the Array has allocated to client stations. For each, it shows the IP address assigned from one of the defined DHCP pools, and the MAC address and host name of the client station. The start and end time of the lease show how long the allocation is valid. The same IP address is normally renewed at the expiration of the current lease. Figure 57.
Wi-Fi Array You may sort the rows based on any column that has an active column header, indicated when the mouse pointer changes to the hand icon . Click Refresh to update the information at any time. Click Auto Refresh to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically. See Also Filters CDP Neighbors This status-only window lists devices on the Array’s network that support the Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP). Figure 59.
Wi-Fi Array Network Assurance This status-only window shows the results of ongoing network assurance testing. Figure 60. Network Assurance The Array checks connectivity to network servers that you have configured (for example, DNS and NTP servers) on an ongoing basis. For each server, this list shows the server’s host name (if any), IP address, and status. Network assurance must be enabled on the Array in order to perform these connectivity tests and display this information.
Wi-Fi Array RF Monitor Windows Every Wi-Fi Array includes an integrated RF spectrum analyzer as a standard feature. The spectrum analyzer allows you to characterize the RF environment by monitoring throughput, signal, noise, errors, and interference levels continually per channel. This capability uses the built-in threat-sensor radio abg(n)2. The associated software is part of the ArrayOS.
Wi-Fi Array IAPs The RF Monitor — IAPs window displays traffic statistics and RF readings observed by each Array IAP (radio). Note that the data is an instantaneous snapshot for the IAP — it is not an average or a cumulative total. Figure 61. RF Monitor — IAPs Figure 61 presents the data as a graphical display, enabled by selecting the Graph checkbox on the lower left. If this option is not selected, data is presented as a numerical table.
Wi-Fi Array Spectrum Analyzer The RF measurements for this feature are obtained by IAP abg(n)2, which must be set to monitor mode for any data to be available. See “IAP Settings” on page 271. Spectrum analysis on Wi-Fi Arrays is a distributed capability that automatically covers the entire Wi-Fi network, since a sensor is present in every unit. Arrays monitor the network 24/7 and analyze interference anywhere in the network from your desk.
Wi-Fi Array Click Channel number to highlight Select Display Options Figure 62.
Wi-Fi Array To display horizontal bar graphs, click the Rotate checkbox at the bottom of the data window. In the rotated view, if you wish to view data as a numerical table, click the Text checkbox. Click again to return to a graphical display. The text option is only available in the rotated view. When viewing a graphical display, click Bars to have the bar graphs displayed against a gray background — you may find this easier on the eyes. This operation is not available when Text is selected.
Wi-Fi Array 144 Noise Floor: Average noise floor reading seen on the channel (ambient noise). A dash value “-“means no noise data was available for the interval. Error Rate: Percentage of the total number of Wi-Fi packets seen on the channel that have CRC errors. The Error rate percentage may be high on some channels since the monitor radio is set to receive at a very sensitive level, enabling it to hear packets from devices at far distances. Average RSSI: Average RSSI level seen on 802.
Wi-Fi Array Intrusion Detection This window displays all detected access points, according to the category you select from the drop-down list at the top — either Unknown, Known or Approved. This includes ad hoc access points (station-to-station connections). You can sort the results based on the following parameters by clicking the desired column header: SSID Security BSSID Type Manufacturer Discovered Channel Last Active RSSI Select the type of AP to display Figure 63.
Wi-Fi Array You can refresh the list at any time by clicking on the Refresh button, or click in the Auto Refresh check box to instruct the Array to refresh the list automatically.
Wi-Fi Array Station Status Windows The following Station Status windows are available: Stations — this list describes all stations associated to the Array. Location Map — displays a map showing the approximate locations of all stations associated to the array. RSSI — for each associated station, this displays the Received Signal Strength Indicator at each of the Array’s IAPs. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) — for each associated station, this displays the SNR at each of the Array’s IAPs.
Wi-Fi Array Stations This status-only window shows client stations currently visible to the Array. You may choose to view only stations that have associated to the Array, or only stations that are not associated, or both, by selecting the appropriate checkboxes above the list.
Wi-Fi Array Location Map The Location Map shows the approximate locations of stations relative to this Array. The location of each station is computed based on the RSSI of its signal as received by the Array. The distance is adjusted based on the environment setting that you selected. You may display just the stations associated to this Array, unassociated stations (shown in gray), or both. The station count is shown on the right, above the map.
Wi-Fi Array You may replace the range-finder background image above with your own custom image of the floorplan of the area served by the Array — see “Working with the Custom Image” on page 153 Hover the mouse over a station to show detailed information. (Figure 65) For a station that is associated to this Array, the details include: The IAP, Channel, and SSID to which the station is associated. The MAC and IP address and Netbios name of the station. The TX Rate and RX Rate of this connection.
Wi-Fi Array Display 2.4 GHz/5 GHz: Select whether to display 802.11bg(n) stations, or 802.11a(n) stations, or both. Minimize All: All stations are shown by default with their NetBIOS name or IP or MAC address. If the map is too cluttered, you can reduce the display for each station to a small rectangle. (Figure 67) You may still display detailed information for the station by hovering over it. To enlarge all rectangles, clear the Minimize All checkbox.
Wi-Fi Array information on using the custom, image, see “Working with the Custom Image” on page 153. Upload: After browsing to the desired custom image, click the Upload button to install it. The map is redisplayed with your new background. No hash marks (for the map scale) are added to the image display. Reset: Click this button to restore the map display to the factory settings.
Wi-Fi Array Working with the Custom Image After you have uploaded a custom image (see Custom Image and Upload in “Controls and items displayed on the Location Map window” on page 150), you should move the display of the Array on your map to correspond with its actual location at your site. To move the Array on the map, simply click it, then drag and drop it to the desired location. The Array will continue to follow the mouse pointer to allow you to make further changes to its location.
Wi-Fi Array on your selection. (Figure 69) The stations are listed to the left of the Array — click on a station to show its RSSI values on the Array. Figure 69. Station RSSI Values — Colorized Graphical View In either graphical or tabular view, you may sort the rows based on any column that has an active column header, indicated when the mouse pointer changes to the hand icon .
Wi-Fi Array Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) For each station that is associated to the Array, the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) window shows the station’s SNR value as measured by each IAP. In other words, the window shows the SNR of the station’s signal at each IAP radio. The signalto-noise ratio can be very useful for determining the cause of poor performance at a station.
Wi-Fi Array Figure 71. Station SNR Values — Colorized Graphical View In either graphical or tabular view, you may sort the rows based on any column that has an active column header, indicated when the mouse pointer changes to the hand icon . Click on the Refresh button to refresh the station list, or click in the Auto Refresh check box to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically.
Wi-Fi Array Noise Floor For each station that is associated to the Array, the Noise Floor window shows the ambient noise affecting a station’s signal as measured by each IAP. The noise floor is the RSSI value when the station is not transmitting, sometimes called a Silence value. In other words, the window shows the noise floor of the station’s signal at each IAP radio. The noise floor value can be very useful for characterizing the environment of a station to determine the cause of poor performance.
Wi-Fi Array Figure 73. Station Noise Floor Values — Colorized Graphical View In either graphical or tabular view, you may sort the rows based on any column that has an active column header, indicated when the mouse pointer changes to the hand icon . Click on the Refresh button to refresh the station list, or click in the Auto Refresh check box to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically.
Wi-Fi Array Max by IAP This status-only window shows the maximum number of client stations that have historically been associated to the Array. For each IAP, the list shows the IAP’s state and channel number, the current number of stations associated, and the highest number of stations that have been associated over various periods of time: hour, day, week, month, and year.
Wi-Fi Array Statistics Windows The following Array Statistics windows are available: IAP Statistics Summary — provides an overview of the statistical data associated with all IAPs. Expands to show links for displaying detailed statistics for individual IAPs. Per-IAP Statistics — provides detailed statistics for an individual IAP. Network Statistics — displays statistical data associated with each network (Ethernet) interface.
Wi-Fi Array Figure 75. IAP Statistics Summary Page See Also System Log Window Global Settings (IAP) Global Settings .11a Global Settings .11bg IAPs Per-IAP Statistics This is a status only window that provides detailed statistics for the selected IAP. If you click the link for IAP All in the left frame, each detailed statistic field will show the sum of that statistic for all IAPs. For a summary of statistics for all IAPs, see “IAP Statistics Summary” on page 160.
Wi-Fi Array Figure 76. Individual IAP Statistics Page (for IAP abg(n)1) You can Refresh the data (update the window with the latest information) or Clear the data (reset all content to zero and begin counting again) at any time by clicking on the appropriate button. You can also click in the Auto Refresh check box to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically. See Also System Log Window Global Settings (IAP) Global Settings .11a Global Settings .
Wi-Fi Array Network Statistics This is a status only window that allows you to review statistical data associated with each network (Ethernet) interface and its activity. You can Refresh the data (update the window with the latest information) or Clear the data (reset all content to zero and begin counting again) at any time by clicking on the appropriate button. You can also click in the Auto Refresh check box to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically.
Wi-Fi Array VLAN Statistics This is a status only window that allows you to review statistical data associated with your assigned VLANs. You can refresh the information that is displayed on this page at any time by clicking on the Refresh button, or select the Auto Refresh option for this window to refresh automatically. The Clear All button at the lower left allows you to clear (zero out) all VLAN statistics. Figure 78.
Wi-Fi Array WDS Statistics The main WDS Statistics window provides statistical data for all WDS client and host links. To access data about a specific WDS client or host link, simply click on the desired link in the left frame to access the appropriate window. You may also choose to view a sum of the statistics for all client links, all host links, or all links (both client and host links). Figure 79.
Wi-Fi Array Filter Statistics The Filter Statistics window provides statistical data for all configured filters. The name, state (enabled — on or off), and type (allow or deny) of each filter is shown. For enabled filters, this window shows the number of packets and bytes that met the filter criteria. Click on a column header to sort the rows based on that column. Click on a filter name to edit the filter settings. Figure 80.
Wi-Fi Array You can Refresh the data (update the window with the latest information) at any time by clicking on the appropriate button. You can also click in the Auto Refresh check box to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically. See Also Per-Station Statistics Per-Station Statistics This window provides detailed statistics for the selected station.
Wi-Fi Array System Log Window This is a status only window that allows you to review the system log, where system alerts and messages are displayed. Although there are no configuration options available in this window, you do have the usual choice of deciding how the event messages are sorted by clicking in the column header for the desired field (Time Stamp, Priority, or Message). Time Stamp — sorts the list based on the time the event occurred.
Wi-Fi Array Use the Highlight Priority field if you wish to highlight messages at the selected priority level. Click on the Refresh button to refresh the message list, or click on the Clear button at the upper left to delete all messages. You can also click in the Auto Refresh check box to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically. Note that there is a shortcut way to view system log messages.
Wi-Fi Array 170 Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array
