RT-500-M Explanation of the abbreviations Hotkey for additional information about locked frequencies Explanation of the status indication Figure 74. Frequency information dialog o o o o The frequency bands that are marked with „Std.“ are basic frequency ranges. These frequencies are always licensed in the standard version of RT-500-M and thus always appear as “Available”. The frequency ranges designated with “F1 .. F4” are optional extended ranges.
RT-500-M Lock / Unlock Frequencies Procedure Locking or unlocking of frequencies is only available over the administrator access level. To mark any frequency as locked/unlocked following steps are required: 1) Press the “See locks” hotkey in the “Freq. Info” dialog. The window, which is shown in Figure 76 appears. 2) To lock a single frequency, press the hotkey “Add Freq.” The “Frequency input” dialog appears (for further information s. 7.1.2.
RT-500-M Figure 77. Setup page. Display settings Indication on Setup Page, Display Settings Pos. Element “True Bearing” “Mag. Bearing” Meaning / Description Page Sets the bearing reference direction to “TRUE” without opening the corresponding dialog (s. Table 5. Bearing reference directions”). Sets the bearing reference direction to “MAGNETIC” without opening the corresponding dialog (s. Table 5. Bearing reference directions”). “Rel.
RT-500-M “Up” and “Down” arrows are used to move between the display settings. “Right and “left” arrows have no function inside the display settings” page. With the “OK” button confirming of values or opening the display settings dialogs is accomplished. Inside the display settings dialogs, the “DEL” button is used to clear the whole input at once. On the top level of this page, this button has no function. Numeric keys are used to enter the numerical characters inside the dialogs.
RT-500-M 7.4.2.2 Bearing Reference Direction The bearing reference direction is significant for the bearing indication. The direction of the bearing arrow in the 360° display (and compass rose indication) is always referred to a defined point in space. This reference point can be the magnetic north position, true north position and relative (reference is the direction to the vessels bow. For further explanation refer to chapter 7.1.2.
RT-500-M Figure 80. Bearing scale offset editing dialog o o o Type any value in the “New Setting” input field by using the numeric keys of the keypad to set the value of the scale offset. Press the hotkey “Set Default” to set the default value for the bearing scale offset (0°). Confirm the changed value with “OK” or press “ESC” to leave the dialog without changing the previous value. 7.4.2.4 Distance Unit The indicating of distances can be either in kilometers [km] or in nautical miles [NM].
RT-500-M Choosing dBm as level indication unit Choosing percent as level indication unit Choosing the default setting for level indication (%) Figure 82. Changing the level unit o o o o Press the hotkey “Set [%]” to set the level unit to “[%]” (percent). Each level indication in the DCU application will be indicated in percent. Pressing the hotkey “Set [dBm]” will set the level unit to “[dBm]”. Each level indication in the application will be indicated in dBm.
RT-500-M Minimum Range The minimal value of the light sensor is “0” (default value). To change this value, press the hotkey “Edit Value”, while “Minimum Range” is marked. Figure 84. Changing the minimum range value of the light sensor o o o Type the new value for the minimum range of the light sensor in the “New Setting” input field, using the numeric buttons of the DCU keypad. Use the “Set Default” hotkey to reset the value to the default setting.
RT-500-M Figure 86. Changing the time delay value for the light sensor o o o Type the new value for the delay value of the light sensor in the “New Setting” input field, using the numeric buttons of the DCU keypad. Use the “Set Default” hotkey to reset the value to the default setting. Confirm the changed value with “OK” or press “ESC” to leave the dialog without changing the previous setting. 7.4.2.7 Standby Brightness Over this setting, the general brightness during the standby mode can be defined.
RT-500-M 7.4.3 System The “System” settings page contains a number of the internal system settings, which are only available over the administrator access level. All settings are organized alphabetically in order to improve the handling of the page. Caution Incorrect system settings may lead to malfunctions of the system. The “System” settings page contains multiple settings that are represented by textual lines.
RT-500-M “Reset Values” Resets all values to the default settings. The default setting values cannot be changed by the user. When there is a dialog opened, pressing this button will close the dialog without adopting new values. When there is no dialog opened, pressing this button will go back to the last activated page. The “Bearing” page is the end point. Pressing this button always leads to the “Bearing” page. Even an opened dialog will be closed, without adopting the changed values.
RT-500-M Figure 89. Alarm pulse settings Active direction setting defines which direction (low or high) will lead to an alarm indication. This setting is changeable using the hotkeys “High active” / “Low active” or “Edit Value” (s. Figure 89, numbers , and ), whereat using the first two hotkeys will change the value without opening the separate dialog. o By pressing the hotkey “Edit Value”, the dialog for changing the active direction of the alarm output will be opened.
RT-500-M Setting the alarm mode to “Pulse” Setting the alarm mode to “Continuous” Selecting the default value Figure 91. Alarm mode dialog o o o Pressing the ” CONT.” hotkey sets the alarm mode of the alarm pulse to “Continuous”. That means the output is high or low as long as the alarm condition exists. Pressing the ”PULSE” hotkey sets the alarm mode to “Pulse”, which means that the output is pulsed as long as the alarm condition exists.
RT-500-M Figure 93. Time on Dialog o o o Use the number keys of the DCU keypad to enter the new value for the “Time On” setting. Press the hotkey “Set Default” to use the default value of 5 s. Confirm the setting with “OK” or leave the dialog without adopting the new value by pressing “ESC”. 7.4.3.2 Antenna Unit The RT-500-M dipole antenna unit can only be mounted in the vertical position. For standard mounting (which is the default setting), the mounting flange points to the bottom of the vessel.
RT-500-M If for some reason the antenna cannot be mounted pointing exactly to the bow, the deviation correction should be put in, using this setting, in order to calculate bearing values correctly. The offset is adjustable from 0° to 359° (e.g. -15° = 345°). o By pressing the “OK button or the hotkey “Edit Value”, while the setting “Antenna Offset” is marked by the green frame, the following dialog is opened. Figure 95.
RT-500-M 7.4.3.5 Beep Tone Decoding Parameters of the menu “Beep Tone Decoding” control the behavior of the function “Fast Channel Scan”, for the case that an alarm should be triggered only if an audio signal (“BeepTone”) has been decoded. This setting is only usable, if option “Fast Channel Scan” is unlocked (for further information please see 7.2.3.2).
RT-500-M Frequency Low defines the upper frequency for the beep tone decoding. The default value for this setting is 700 Hz. There are two ways to change this setting: either using the “Freq. Low” or the “Edit Value” hotkey (s. Figure 98, positions 2 and 4), both of these hotkeys will open the same dialog. Figure 99. Dialog for the lower frequency (Beep Tone Decoding) o o o Type the new value for the lower frequency into the “New Setting” field, using the DCU number keys.
RT-500-M 7.4.3.6 Frequency Input Dialog Time This setting defines the duration until the dialog for frequency input (s. 7.1.2.2) closes automatically if no interaction of the user happens. o By pressing the “OK button or hotkey “Edit Value”, while the setting “Frequency Input Dialog Time” is marked by the green frame, the following dialog is opened. Figure 101.
RT-500-M 7.4.3.8 MOB Trigger This setting defines the event for starting the MOB mode. Basically, the MOB mode can be triggered by three situations: 1. The vessel’s crew witnesses a person falling over board. The MOB mode can be activated manually by pressing the MOB button (s. Figure 6, position 7) of the DCU keypad. 2. The person, who falls over board, is wearing an ELT (emergency locator transmitter) that produces a typical modulated emergency signal.
RT-500-M There are two possible settings in this menu (s. Figure 104). o To open the dialog for the “Monitoring” handling, press button “OK” or hotkey “Edit Value”, while the line “Monitoring” is marked. Choosing the “Stays On” setting Selecting the default value Choosing the “On/Off (User)” setting Figure 104. Monitoring handling settings o Choose the new setting using one of the hotkeys (s. Figure 104), which will then appear in the “New Setting” field.
RT-500-M Setting the PS Ram compensation to “Comp. Off” Selecting the default value Setting the PS Ram compensation to “Comp. On” Figure 105. PS Ram compensation dialog o Choose the new setting using one of the hotkeys (s. Figure 105), which will then appear in the “New Setting” field. “Comp. On”: The AU will use compass values to compensate the contouring error. “Comp. Off”: The AU will not use compass values to compensate the contouring error.
RT-500-M o By pressing the “OK button or hotkey “Edit Value”, while the setting “Scan Page Settings” is marked, the following dialog is opened (s. Figure 107). Setting the “Go to Bearing Page” behavior Setting the “Stay on Scan Page” behavior Selecting the default value Figure 107. Scan page settings dialog o Choose the new setting using one of the hotkeys (s. Figure 107), which will then appear in the “New Setting” field.
RT-500-M Figure 108. Setup page. Interface settings Indication on Setup Page, Interface Settings Pos. Element “Edit Value” “Reset Values” Meaning / Description Depending on currently marked line, using this hotkey will open the dialog for changing the corresponding value (s. descriptions below) Resets all values to the default settings. The default setting values cannot be changed by the user. When there is a dialog opened, pressing this button will close the dialog without adopting new values.
RT-500-M Numeric keys are used to enter the numerical characters inside the dialogs. On the top level of the page they have no function. Top line Navigation line of the screen, which allows switching between setup menus (“General”, ”Display”, “System”, “Interface” and “Service”). Table 14. Setup page, interface settings. List of elements. 7.4.4.1 NMEA DF Remote It is possible to operate the RT-500-M direction finder remotely using the NMEA communication protocol. For this purpose, the control unit (e.
RT-500-M The NMEA DF remote configuration is accomplished by the following settings: - Port - Baudrate - Remote Address ID NMEA supply voltage (12 V) is not configurable, but it is displayed there as information. Pressing the hotkey “Reset Values” (s. Figure 109, position 5) will set all menu items to default values. To exit the dialog confirming all changes that have been made within the sub-dialogs for single settings, press “OK”.
RT-500-M Figure 110. Remote communication port configuration o Selecting “COMx” (s. Figure 110, positions 1, 2 and 3) configures the corresponding NMEA interface as the remote communication port. Choose the new setting using one of the hotkeys, which will then appear in the “New Setting” field. Note This setting will only set the corresponding communication port. Additional transmitting the NMEA sentences over LAN should be set in the top level menu (s. Figure 109, position 3).
RT-500-M NMEA supply voltage Is not configurable (12 V, default), but it is displayed under the NMEA settings as information. Remote Address ID Is a setting, which is used to give the direction finder an address ID for the NMEA communication. The DF only reacts to the NMEA request sentences, if the address ID in the sentence is equal to the address, which is selected via this setting (or has the value 255, if the ID was not set).
RT-500-M 7.4.4.2 LAN Configuration The RT-500-M DCU can be connected to the Local Area Network of the vessel. To configure the LAN interface of the DCU use the menu item “LAN Configuration”. o Press the button “OK” or hotkey “Edit Value”, while the setting “LAN Configuration” is marked (s. Figure 108). Following sub-menu will appear (s. Figure 113). Figure 113.
RT-500-M Choosing the “Dynamic IP” address assignment Choosing the “Static IP” address assignment Selecting the default value Figure 114. Changing the mode of the IP address assignment o o o Choose the new setting using one of the hotkeys (s. Figure 114), which will then appear in the “New Setting” field. Press the hotkey “Set Default” to use the default value (“Static IP”). Confirm the setting with “OK” or leave the dialog without adopting the new value by pressing “ESC”.
RT-500-M 7.4.4.3 NMEA Compass An external compass can be connected to the NMEA interface of the DCU. Configure the interface settings for external compass in this menu item. o Press the button “OK” or hotkey “Edit Value”, while the setting “NMEA Compass” is marked. Following sub-menu will appear (s. Figure 116). Figure 116.
RT-500-M Figure 117. Compass connector setting o Choose the new setting using one of the hotkeys (s. Figure 117), which will then appear in the “New Setting” field. Selecting “COM1” or “COM2” (s. Figure 117, positions 2 and 3) configures the corresponding communication port as the input port for the external compass data. By choosing “No compass” setting (s. Figure 117, position 1), the external compass data will be ignored.
RT-500-M o Press the hotkey “Set Default” to use the default value of “4800”. o Confirm the setting with “OK” or leave the dialog without adopting the new value by pressing “ESC”. NMEA Header Defines the appropriate compass NMEA sentence provided by vessels compass. Please see the compass documentation of the vessel. The default setting for the NMEA header is “$xxHDT” and can be changed within this menu item.
RT-500-M 7.4.4.4 NMEA GPS The RT-500-M DCU is able to read external GPS data via a defined NMEA protocol. Connect the external GPS device to one of the NMEA interfaces of the DCU. The GPS data format can be configured in this menu. o Press the button “OK” or hotkey “Edit Value”, while the setting “NMEA GPS” is marked (s. Figure 108). Following sub-menu will appear (s. Figure 120). Figure 120.
RT-500-M Port This setting defines, which communication port is connected to the external GPS device. Figure 121. NMEA GPS communication port settings o By selecting “No GPS” (s. Figure 121, position 1) the external GPS data will be ignored. o Selecting “COMx 1” (s. Figure 121, positions 2 and 3) configures the corresponding NMEA interface as the GPS communication port. Choose the new setting using one of the hotkeys, which will then appear in the “New Setting” field.
RT-500-M o Use the number keys of the DCU keypad to enter the new value for the “Baudrate”. o o Press the hotkey “Set Default” to use the default value of “4800”. Confirm the setting with “OK” or leave the dialog without adopting the new value by pressing “ESC”. NMEA supply voltage Is not configurable (12 V, default), but it is displayed under the NMEA settings as information. 7.4.4.5 GPIOs (Power S. Connector) With this setting, the behavior of the two programmable GPIOs can be defined.
RT-500-M Assigning the “PTT” signal to the input pin Assigning “No Function” signal to the input pin Selecting the default value Figure 124. Assigning a function to the input pin o Choose the new setting using one of the hotkeys (s. Figure 124), which will then appear in the “New Setting” field. o Press the hotkey “Set Default” to use the default value (“PTT”). o Confirm the setting with “OK” or leave the dialog without adopting the new value by pressing “ESC”.
RT-500-M o Choose the new setting using one of the hotkeys (s. Figure 125), which will then appear in the “New Setting” field. o Press the hotkey “Set Default” (s. Figure 125, position 5) to use the default value (“Alarm Out”). o Confirm the setting with “OK” or leave the dialog without adopting the new value by pressing “ESC”.
RT-500-M 7.4.5 Service The “Service” menu allows the performing of the service-related functions, like e. g. updating of the DCU software, inputting the new license code if new options have been purchased, etc. Note The setup menu “Service” contains critical settings that influence important system parameters, therefore it is password protected and can be used only with the administrator access level. Figure 126. Setup page. Service menu Indication on Setup Page, Service Menu Pos.
RT-500-M 7.4.5.1 Update DCU The “Update DCU” dialog is opened by pressing the corresponding hotkey when the service menu is opened (s. Figure 126, position 2). To load new software use the USB interface (s. chapter 6.2, Figure 7, position 11). The function of this dialog is the updating of the DCU software, if a new version is available. In such a case the dialog has the following appearance (s. Figure 127).
RT-500-M Figure 129. Update of the DCU software finished o Confirm the new software version with „OK“ to leave the dialog. Caution Please always restart the device after the new software version was uploaded! After the restart of the DCU, the indication of the new software version under the menu “General” (s. Figure 130) can be checked. Figure 130. Update DCU control on the "General" page 7.4.5.
RT-500-M Figure 131. Input license dialog o In order to load the license file from USB, after connecting the flash drive at the USB port (refer to chapter 6.2), press the hotkey “From USB”. The software will search for a valid license code on the flash drive. If a valid license has been found, the license text will be displayed in the license input field.
RT-500-M 7.4.5.3 Export Log Files This dialog allows the export of the log files via USB (refer to chapter 6.2). Each log file has a header with the following information: - Serial number of DCU - Serial number of AU - Software version of DCU - Software version of AU - Operating hours of DCU The “Export Log” dialog is opened by pressing the corresponding hotkey when the service menu is opened (s. Figure 126, position 4).
RT-500-M Figure 136. Confirming of deleting of all log files o The hotkey “Export File” is only visible, if a valid log file is marked and the USB flash drive was detected. By pressing this hotkey, the log file will be stored in the flash drive. After a successful export of the log file, the hotkey name becomes gray. It is also gray, if a log file is marked, that has been already exported. The same export cannot be repeated without re-opening the dialog. Figure 137.
RT-500-M 7.4.5.4 Load Configuration Files This dialog allows the import of the configuration files into the RT-500-M DCU. The hotkey “Load Config” (s. Figure 126, position 5) is activated only if the USB flash drive was detected. Pressing this hotkey will open the following sub dialog (s. Figure 139). Starts importing of the marked configuration file into the DCU Starts importing of all available configuration files Figure 139.
RT-500-M o The hotkey “Import All” is only visible, if there is at least one valid configuration file on the connected USB flash drive. Pressing this hotkey will start importing all valid configuration files from the flash drive. After the successful import of the files, the hotkey name becomes gray. Figure 141. Importing of all files The same import cannot be repeated without re-opening the dialog. 7.4.5.
RT-500-M Figure 143. Export of a single file After a successful export of the file, the name of the hotkey becomes gray. The same export cannot be repeated without re-opening the dialog. o Pressing the hotkey “Export All” will start importing all valid (“public”) configuration files to the flash drive. Figure 144. Export of all configuration files After the successful import of the files, the hotkey name becomes gray. The same export cannot be repeated without re-opening the dialog.
RT-500-M 7.5 Other Operational Functions 7.5.1 Adjusting the Volume The volume adjustment button (s. Figure 6, position 3) contains two keys: “+” and “-” (twin function key). Pressing any of the two keys opens the dialog for adjustment of internal and external speaker. Figure 145 "Adjust External Speaker Volume Dialog" Use hotkey “Min.” (s. Figure 145, position 1), “Medium” (Figure 145, position 2) and “Max.” (Figure 145, position 3) in order to set an appropriate volume.
RT-500-M 7.5.2 Adjusting of the Squelch The correct adjustment of the squelch is crucial for attaining the optimal sensitivity of the signal reception. The more sensitively the system works, the greater signal range (operating distance) can be achieved. Especially weak signals are often located on the edge to the noise level or even inside the noise level.
RT-500-M 7.5.3 Dimming The brightness of the display and key illumination can be adapted to surrounding lighting conditions. The button (twin function key, s. Figure 6, position 5) has two keys (“-“, “+”) to adjust the brightness of: - Backlight of the display - Backlight of the keypad legends - LEDs Pressing one of these keys will open a dialog with a brightness indication and already decrease or increase the brightness.
RT-500-M Figure 148. Deactivation of the illumination of legends o The hotkey “Off” (s. Figure 148, number 6) is only available if the “Mode” is set to “Legends”. Pressing this hotkey deactivates the illumination of the legends.
RT-500-M 7.5.4 MOB (Man Over Board) Operation The MOB function is useful to save the current GPS position when a person goes overboard. This possibility helps to rescue a person in the water, even if the person does not have a personal locator beacon by just pressing the “MOB” button (s. Figure 6, position 7) on the keypad at the right time. The following figure demonstrates the functionality in case of the person in the water, who has an emergency beacon operating on 121.500 MHz (121.
RT-500-M Figure 150. "Man Over Board” dialog o Press “Quit MOB” (s. Figure 150, position 1) to quit the dialog. This hotkey is used to quit the MOB mode. By pressing this hotkey an extra dialog will appear for additional confirmation. o Press “Save” (s. Figure 150, position 2) to save the current GPS position. Pressing this hotkey will save the new GPS position and move the line with the new position above the current position.
RT-500-M 8 Interfaces and Installation 8.1 Power & I/O Contact / Pin Signal 15 +12 V to +30 VDC 8 GND (Ground) Note Ground of power supply is connected to housing with an antiinterference device. 7 Permanent Operation Optional input: External power on When applying a voltage > approx. 2 VDC the device will be put into permanent operation independent of key On/Off.
RT-500-M Table 16. "Power & I/O Connector" 8.2 Antenna Unit (Connecting Cable DCU AU ) 8.2.1 Pinning Antenna Unit Connector Contact / Pin 3 Signal +12 to +30 V DC 8 Output - Power supply Antenna Unit 5 GND 9 1 RS485 A 6 RS485 B 2 NF 7 GND Serial data connection DCU AU (9600 Baud / semi-duplex / receive and transmit) Input audio signal resp. analog Test/Service (symmetric optional) Input audio symmetric (OPTIONAL) Table 17. "Pinning of the AU Connector" 8.2.
RT-500-M 8.3 NMEA COM-Interfaces All 3 COM-Interfaces COM1, COM2, and COM3 have the same pinning.
RT-500-M 8.4 LAN Interface The LAN interface can be used for connection of ECDIS or other Remote and Control Devices. The RT-500-M can be controlled via the same NMEA sentences which are available on COM Port in DF remote control configuration. Note Per default the “Autotalk” mode is activated, which means that NMEA sentences of the direction finder are sent out cyclically with a fixed time period of 250 ms. The “Autotalk” mode can also be deactivated per corresponding NMEA command (s.
RT-500-M 8.5 USB Service Interface The USB 2.0 connector is used only for service purposes. Contact / Pin Signal 1 VBUS 2 USB D- USB 2.0 Diferental pair 3 USB D+ USB 2.0 Diferental pair 4 NC 5 GND +5V Not connected Ground Figure 151. Pinning USB 8.6 Ground Connector The ground connector (s. Figure 7, position 8) is used to connect the DCU to ground of the ship. For the connection a screw M5 is required and a cable to ground with a cross-section of 4 mm² is recommended.
RT-500-M 8.7 Guideline for Optimal DF Antenna Position The quality of the bearing results depends largely on the antenna´s location. So, an antenna location has to be found where the transmitter´s wavefield can reach the bearing antenna as undisturbed as possible. If high bearing accuracy is demanded, no metallic resp. RF-conducting obstacles may be around the antenna unit (in an angle of ± 45° towards the horizontal). Objects being in the “restricted area” will disturb the arriving wave field.
RT-500-M 9 Technical Data 9.1 Electrical Characteristics System Characteristics Parameter Condition Data Method of Bearing Doppler (3 kHz rotation frequency) Bearing Accuracy ≤ 5° RMS1 Display Resolution 1° Minimum Signal Duration ≤ 100 ms VHF Air Band 118.000 – 124.000 MHz 118.000 – 136.992 MHz (Option F1) VHF Marine Band 154.000 – 163.000 MHz 137.000 – 224.995 MHz (Option F2) UHF Air Band 240.000 – 246.000 MHz 225.000 – 399.975 MHz (Option F3) COSPAS-SARSAT 400.000 – 406.
RT-500-M System Characteristics Parameter Condition Data Bearable Types of Modulation A3E, F3E, A3X (distress signal modulation) Polarization Vertical Multiple scanning and monitoring functions available Decoding of COSPAS-SARSAT Message: shows beacon ID, GPS position and whole message string (short and long). Displays direction and distance to beacon 2. Scanning COSPAS-SARSAT Functionality 5” (127 mm), 24 bit RGB 800 x480 x 3 dots Max.
RT-500-M 9.2 Mechanical Characteristics 9.2.1 Mechanical Data Figure 153. DCU and AU mechanical dimensions Measuring units: millimetres [mm] Mechanical Characteristics Parameter DCU AU Weight 1500 g (3.3 lbs) 5200 g (11.5 lbs) Operating Temperature -20 °C to +60 °C (-4 °F to +140 °F) -40 °C to +60 °C (-4 °F to +140 °F) Storage Temperature -55 °C to +80 °C (-67 °F to +176 °F) -55 °C to +80 °C (-67 °F to +176 °F) Ingress Protection IP67 IP67 Max. Wind Speed - 270 km/h Table 21.
RT-500-M 9.2.2 DCU Mounting Cutout 210 193 80 106 ø4.5 R8.5 Figure 154. DCU mounting cutout Measuring units: [mm] millimetres 9.2.3 AU Mast Flange 120 105 50 40.7 6.3 10 65 90 Figure 155. Antenna unit mast flange. Mechanical dimensions.
RT-500-M 10 Disposal within the European Union Product Recycling Product labeling in accordance with EN 50419 At the end of the life of the product, this product may not be disposed of with normal household waste. Even disposal via the municipal collection points for electrical and electronic equipment is not allowed.
RT-500-M 12 Maintenance and Cleaning 12.1 Maintenance UV irradiation can age the front foil of the RT-500-M DCU with time, which can lead to brittleness of the front foil. Depending on the operating conditions of the RT-500-M DCU, there is the possibility that moisture can penetrate through small hairline cracks in the front foil. An impairment of the functionality up to the damage of the product can result.
RT-500-M 13 Appendix 13.1 Error Messages Error message Error 01 AU No Receiver Error 04 AU Rec.
RT-500-M 13.3 Frequencies of Channels in Marine Band Channel No.
RT-500-M 13.
RT-500-M 14 Notes RHOTHETA Page 140 of 140 User Manual
