NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual 2.4 R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany ARPA FUNCTION This chapter describes the operation of the automatic radar plotting aid (ARPA). NOTE The NSC ARPA information is considered to assist decision making in the current situation. The resulting assessment with regard to avoiding collisions must be made independently in accordance with the valid regulations! 2.4.
Operator Manual • ARPA alarms ARPA displays alarm messages (see also chapter 2.3.6.4) and artificial symbols (see ARPA SYMBOLS) visually and acoustically. − “Dangerous Targets Alarm” This alarm is triggered as soon as a tracked target exceeds the set limits for CPA or TCPA (see chapter 2.4.2). − “Guard Zone Alarm” This alarm is triggered as soon as an untracked target enters an acquisition / guard zone. − “Target Lost” This alarm indicates that the tracked target has been lost.
R NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany SHOW Indicates that target data is displayed in the ARPA INFO window. TEMP After acquisition, the target is observed for a set period of time. SHOW This state is indicated if the current CPA/TCPA collision conditions are met. The target vector flashes. CONTACT This state describes a target which has entered the warning/acquisition zone. The symbol flashes. LOST This state is indicated if a target has been lost for a short time.
Operator Manual 2.4.2 MANUAL PLOTTING − ACQ TGT − Targets can be manually acquired using the trackball and the cursor. The target information (ARPA INFO softkey) can include slight tolerances caused by possible influencing parameters such as weather conditions, heading sensor tolerance or log sensor tolerance. Left 3748DOC020102 D Click the softkey Position the cursor on the object identified as the target; press the Left button.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual 2.4.3 R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany AUTOMATIC PLOTTING − ARPA MENU − Automatic plotting means that the radar can acquire and track targets automatically. The operator can define acquisition zones. As soon as a target enters such a zone, it is plotted and tracked by the radar.
Operator Manual 2.4.4 CPA/TCPA ARPA constantly evaluates the closest point of approach (CPA) and the time to closest point of approach (TCPA) status of each tracked target. This CPA/TCPA zone is available with predefined values. The CPA/TCPA values are generally ship−specific and must be adapted to the profile of the ship. The ship’s profile includes features such as stopping distance, sea area and visibility.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual 2.4.4.1 R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Determining the CPA/TCPA radius The CPA/TCPA radius can quickly be adjusted to the desired situation as shown in Figure: 2−35.
Operator Manual 2.4.5 CREATE ZONE form Create zone provides 3 different ARPA zones. Within these zones, various zone forms are available (sector, polygon or circle). You can choose to edit each of these zone forms using the cursor (drag and drop) or a text slider. The desired zone form is initially shown in the radar video with preset values. The zone form can be modified in editing mode. Editing mode can be identified by the editing marks (see Figure: 2−38).
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Acquisition zone D The ACQUISITION ZONE is used for automatic target acquisition and subsequent target tracking. If a ship enters the ACQUISITION ZONE the radar outputs a “Guard Zone Alarm”. The target is automatically acquired and tracked. NOTE The ACQUISITION ZONE is considered to be an essential aid and information source for assessing the situation.
Operator Manual 2.4.5.1 Select ACQUISITION zone form The sequence of operations below can be used to select the acquisition zone form SECTOR (see Figure: 2−37). The NSC menu provides 3 possible acquisition forms.
R NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Result: A sector with preset values appears in the direction of travel in the radar video (see Figure: 2−38). The sector can be changed immediately using the sector editing marks (1...4). These changes can be made directly using the cursor (drag and drop (see chapter 2.2.4.5)) or using the text lines with slider functions for BEARING and RANGE located in the ACQUISITION ZONE SECTOR display field.
Operator Manual • ACQUISITION ZONE POLYGON This function allows the user to create a zone with any shape. Procedure: Step 1 Open the ARPA menu Step 2 Open the CREATE ZONE menu Step 3 Open the ACQUISITION ZONE menu containing the options SECTOR, POLYGON, RING Step 4 Open the ACQUISITION ZONE POLYGON menu Step 1 Step 3 Step 2 Step 4 Figure: 2−39 ACQUISITION FORM POLYGON 3748DOC020102 2−78 Edition: 14.JAN.
R NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Result: A polygon with preset BEARING and RANGE values appears in the radar video (see Figure: 2−40). The polygon can be individually adapted using the editing marks (1....10). The polygon method can be edited to any shape. The default shape is shown in Figure: 2−40. It must be ensured that the ACQUISITION ZONE AREA includes the ship for the special polygon shape ACQUISITION ZONE.
Operator Manual • ACQUISITION ZONE RING Procedure: Step 1 Open the ARPA menu Step 2 Open the CREATE ZONE menu Step 3 Open the ACQUISITION ZONE menu containing the options SECTOR, POLYGON, RING Step 4 Open the ACQUISITION ZONE RING menu Step 1 Step 3 Step 2 Step 4 Figure: 2−41 ACQUISITION FORM RING 3748DOC020102 2−80 Edition: 14.JAN.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Result: A range area with preset values for range START, range END and own position appears in the radar video (see Figure: 2−42). The range area is made up of two rings that can be individually adjusted using editing marks. There is an inner ring, which can be edited using drag and drop or the text line (START) and an outer ring, which can likewise be edited using drag and drop or the text line (END).
Operator Manual 2.4.5.2 Select GUARD zone form The sequence of operations below can be used to select the GUARD FORM (step 4). The NSC menu provides 2 possible GUARD zone forms. The GUARD zone detects tracked ARPA targets that penetrate the pre−selected area. This situation is indicated by an alarm (visual and acoustic).
R NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Result: A sector with preset values appears in the direction of travel in the radar video (see Figure: 2−44). The sector can be changed using the sector editing marks (1...4). These changes can be made directly using the cursor (drag and drop (see chapter 2.2.4.5)) or using the text lines with slider functions for BEARING and RANGE located in the GUARD ZONE SECTOR display field.
Operator Manual • GUARD ZONE RANGE Procedure: Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Open the ARPA menu Open the CREATE ZONE menu Open the GUARD ZONE menu containing the options SECTOR and RING Open the GUARD ZONE RING menu Step 1 Step 3 Step 2 Step 4 Figure: 2−45 GUARD ZONE RING 3748DOC020102 2−84 Edition: 14.JAN.
R NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Result: A range area with preset values for range START, range END and own position appears in the radar video (see Figure: 2−46). The range area is made up of two rings that can be individually adjusted using editing marks. There is an inner ring, which can be edited using drag and drop or the text line (START) and an outer ring, which can likewise be edited using drag and drop or the text line (END).
Operator Manual 2.4.5.3 Select EXCLUSION zone form The sequence of operations below can be used to select the EXCLUSION ZONE. Exclusion zones can be relative (moving with the ship) or true (fixed to a position) • EXCLUSION ZONE RELATIVE Procedure: Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Open the ARPA menu Open the CREATE ZONE menu Open the EXCLUSION ZONE menu RELATIVE Open the EXCLUSION ZONE RELATIVE menu Step 1 Step 3 Step 2 Step 4 Figure: 2−47 EXCLUSION FORM 3748DOC020102 2−86 Edition: 14.JAN.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Result: NOTE The relative exclusion zone is predominantly shown for sea clutter at close range (approx. 3 nm). However, as well as the sea clutter some targets will also be ignored. The master must be aware of this situation. This example (see Figure: 2−48) shows a ring centered on your own ship, which may be useful when the sea conditions or observation of buoys near own ship produces numerous false alarm echoes from waves.
Operator Manual 2.4.6 EDIT ZONE EDIT ZONE allows later editing of an active zone. In the example below, the ACQUISITION ZONE POLYGON is to be changed. Procedure: Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Open the ARPA menu Open the EDIT ZONE menu Select polygon using Right button (polygon points visible) Pick up desired point using Right button, change polygon (dotted lines). Drop polygon using Left button, pick up next point. Or complete the editing procedure with step 6.
R NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual 2.4.7 Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany DELETE ZONE DELETE ZONE allows you to delete a selected zone or all zones located in the radar video. In the example below, the ACQUISITION ZONE POLYGON is to be deleted. Procedure: Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Open the ARPA menu Open the DELETE ZONE menu Select polygon using Right button (editing points visible) Select softkey OK in menu using cursor and Left button. The ACQUISITION ZONE is deleted.
Operator Manual 2.4.8 Potential collision points (PCP) and closest point of approach (CPA) symbols PCP and CPA symbols are a useful tool that assists the user in identifying possible collision danger. RELative or REL TRUe The function allows the potential collision point (PCP) or the closest point of approach (CPA) for acquired targets to be indicated by a circular symbol in the radar video.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Procedure: Target acquisition must first be carried out. Step 1 Select TRUE Step 2 Open the ARPA menu Step 3 Select PCP/CPA SYMBOLS mode Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Figure: 2−51 Potential Collision Points −VECTOR mode TRUE− Edition: 14.JAN.
Operator Manual Result: Switching to TRUE VECTORS shows potential collision points (PCP). These are places on the chart where your own vessel could collide or choose to rendezvous with any target. It is similar to half a trial maneuver, in that it shows where your own vessel could meet the other track, at the present speed PCPs move. This is because a choice has no longer been made to meet the vessel.
R NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany VECTOR mode REL − Closest Point of Approach (CPA) − In this function, the closest point of approach (CPA) for acquired targets with relative vectors is indicated by a small circle (see Figure: 2−52) Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Figure: 2−52 Closest Point of Approach −VECTOR mode REL− Result: Adding CPA symbols shows where the approach will be closest, on which quarter of your own vessel. The CPA readout shows when this will occur.
Operator Manual 2.4.9 Closest point of approach (CPA) warning on PCPs This function softkey displays the CPA warning ring (see chapter 2.4.4.1) centrally over the potential collision point (PCP) and displays it simultaneously. This type of display supports prompt assessment of close range situations. It is preparation for TRIAL MANEUVER. If does NOT substitute for TRAIL MANEUVER.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Result: The CPA warning limit and the circle defined by the ship’s master can be added to the potential collision points, and thus to the “no go areas”. It is an aid to navigation that indicates how your own ship could avoid CPA alarms. It does NOT indicate the safe maneuver because it does NOT indicate the actual closest point of approach (use Relative Vectors or TRIAL MANEUVER). It is a local range marker only − for planing assistance.
Operator Manual 2.4.10 Closest point of approach CPA warning This softkey function allows the CPA warning ring to be shown or hidden in the radar video (see chapter 2.4.4.1). Step 1 Step 2 Figure: 2−54 CPA warning ring ON/OFF 3748DOC020102 2−96 Edition: 14.JAN.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual 2.4.11 R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Delete all targets Pressing this softkey deletes all acquired targets in the radar video. Step 1 Step 2 Figure: 2−55 Delete all targets Edition: 14.JAN.
Operator Manual 2.4.12 Reference target ON/OFF The reference target feature tracks a fixed target (zero speed) to correct your own ship’s course and speed errors caused by set, drift, speed log, gyro errors, or other factors. The NSC Radar can support this by accepting one echo that the user knows is geostationary. Radar, after 2 minutes, accurately calculates own ship ground velocity until the track is lost or a new echo chosen.
R NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany step 3. step 1. step 4. step 2. Symbol Figure: 2−56 Reference target ON/OFF SHOW REFERENCE TARGET(GROUND) Edition: 14.JAN.
Operator Manual 2.4.13 ARPA INFO The ARPA INFO display can simultaneously show up to 3 items of target information. ID Identifier no. (1...70) STAT Status )* TCSE TSPD DIST TBRG CPA True course / can be changed to relative course RCSE True speed / can be changed to relative speed RSPD Distance True bearing Closest point of approach TCPA Time of closest point of approach BCR Bow crossing range BCT Bow crossing time )* TCPA TI Dangerous situation Target initial, after approx.
R NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Step 1. Step 2 Sequence of actions Figure: 2−58 Select ARPA targets for ARPA INFO INFO Targets that the ARPA function classifies as dangerous trigger an alarm (visual and acoustic). At the same time the target information for that target is shown in the 1st position in the ARPA INFO display. The previous target information entries are moved to the right. Acknowledging the alarm removes the relevant target information.
Operator Manual 2.4.14 AIS INFO (option) The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is designed for automatic and autonomous data communication between ships. The communication data consist of information such as identification, position, speed, course over ground (detailed information see AIS Manual). AIS targets can be displayed on the Radar Video, detailed information on AIS Targets can be shown on request and alarms for LOST and DANGEROUS AIS Targets will be generated automatically.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany The Radar AIS INFO gives the following presentation information: Indication field for 3 items of AIS target informations. The current AIS information is shown in order from ID STAT CSE SPD left to right. AIS Identifier no. from the ship of interest Status )* Course Speed DIST TBRG CPA TCPA Distance True bearing Closest point of approach Time of closest point of approach )* Danger Dangerous situation Figure: 2−59 AIS INFO Edition: 14.JAN.
Operator Manual 2.4.14.1 AIS Symbols in the Radar Video Figure: 2−60 shows a possible Radar Video with AIS Targets and information. step 1. step 3. step 2. Sequence of actions step 2. Figure: 2−60 AIS symbols Procedure: After pressing the ARPA INFO softkey, the AIS INFO function is activated. The AIS symbols appear in the Radar Video. The area for receiving the AIS information depends on the used range area RNG .....
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual 2.4.14.2 Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany AIS symbols The AIS symbols are assigned 5 different pieces of target information. Depending on the situation, each symbol has a different meaning (see following table). AIS Target Symbol Description of symbol AIS targets An isosceles, acute−angled triangle should be used with its centriod representing the target’s reference position.
Operator Manual 2.5 FUNCTION MENU This menu provides additional functions. 2.5.1 Select MAP MENU The MAPS function allows the operator to create and permanently store maps. MAPS are normally produced for the current radar video. For example, they can be saved under the name of a sea area corresponding to the radar video. If the ship enters this sea area again, the associated map can be loaded.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Procedure: (see Figure: 2−61) Step 1 Open the FUNC menu Step 2 Open the MAP menu Step 3 Open the MAP menu function EDIT Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Figure: 2−61 Calling up the MAP menu function CREATE MAP 2.5.1.1 MAP MENU − EDIT (1) CREATE MAP TRUE MARK TRUE MARK True marks may be used to identify targets or points of interest. This function is available in the RM (..), TM, N UP or C UP modes.
Operator Manual Procedure: (see Figure: 2−62) Step 1 Open the TRUE MARK function Step 2 Position the cursor and press the Left button Step 3 Shows the co−ordinates of the 1st TRUE MARK Step 1 Step 4 Step 3 Step 5 Step 6 Step 2 Figure: 2−62 Setting up a TRUE MARK Editing a TRUE MARK Procedure: (see Figure: 2−62) Step 4 Open SELECT mode for TRUE MARK Step 5 Open EDIT mode for TRUE MARK Step 2 Select TRUE MARK using trackball and press Right button. The color of the symbol changes to RED.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Deleting a TRUE MARK Procedure: (see Figure: 2−62) Step 4 Open SELECT mode for TRUE MARK Step 6 Open DELETE mode for TRUE MARK Step 2 Select TRUE MARK using trackball and press Right button. The MARK is deleted immediately. (2) CREATE MAP NAV LINE NAV LINE Navigation lines are shown as absolute lines in the radar video. The navigation lines can be plotted in the radar video using polygons.
Operator Manual • Cursor returns to park position This situation occurs after a pause in input. The cursor is returned to park position. The NAV LINE operation is canceled. The previous NAV LINE remains in the radar video but switches to fixed status (points are hidden). If the NAV LINE is to be extended or changed, this can be done immediately by selecting it again (see Step 1) or later using the EDIT function.
R NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Step 3 Open EDIT mode for the NAV LINE Step 4 In this status, there are two editing options: 1−Change the course of the NAV LINE by moving one of the points. Select the desired point using the trackball and press the Right button. The current position is shown in the EDIT NAV LINE display. Determine marker position and drop by pressing the Left button. 2−Move NAV LINE or entire MAP in radar video.
Operator Manual Deleting a NAV LINE Procedure: (see Figure: 2−65) Step 1 Open SELECT mode for NAV LINE Step 2 Select NAV LINE using trackball and press Right button. The NAV LINE display changes and all points are shown. The DELETE function is activated. Step 3 Pressing the DELETE softkey deletes the NAV LINE from the radar video. Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Figure: 2−65 Deleting a NAV LINE 3748DOC020102 2−112 Edition: 14.JAN.
R NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual (3) Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany CREATE MAP INDEX LINE INDEX LINE Map Index lines are shown as relative lines in the radar video. Using a paper chart they are planned before passing obstacles to maintain stand−off range. They are also used to prepare wheel−over points. The index lines can be plotted in the radar video using two points. Index lines can either be shown as continuous or dotted.
Operator Manual Editing an INDEX LINE The index lines can be edited by way of their index points. Procedure: (see Figure: 2−67) Step 1 Open SELECT mode for INDEX LINE Step 2 Select INDEX LINE using trackball and press Right button. The INDEX LINE display changes and both points are shown. The EDIT function is activated. Step 3 Open the EDIT INDEX LINE display Select the desired point using the trackball and press the Right button.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Deleting a NAV LINE Procedure: (see Figure: 2−68) Step 1 Open SELECT mode for INDEX LINE Step 2 Select INDEX LINE using trackball and press Right button. The INDEX LINE display changes and both points are shown. The DELETE function is activated. Step 3 Pressing the DELETE softkey deletes the INDEX LINE from the radar video. Edition: 14.JAN.
Operator Manual 2.5.1.2 MAP MENU − CONTROL − CONTROL The control menu allows the operator to correct the placement of a MAP. This function can be used to realign NAV LINES, TRUE MARKERS and INDEX LINES in the current radar video. NOTE A position offset between a MAP and the current radar video can have various causes (position, gyro, map date). The MAP MENU function CONTROL is only activated when a MAP is loaded (see chapter 2.5.1.6). Procedure: Step 1 Open the MAP menu.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Simultaneously, the alarm message FIX ACTIVE: MAP LAT/LON is indicated on the display for ALARM MESSAGES Pressing the CANCEL FIX softkey shows the original position of the MAP in the radar video. MOVE ALL INDEX Points (Relative) allows realignment of INDEX LINES, if the passage plan spontaneously changes. On pressing the soft buttons, the cursor is positioned into the PPI−center. In parallel, the MAP is faded in on the Radar Video.
Operator Manual As required Step 1 Step 2 Step 3.1 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Figure: 2−69 Calling up the MAP menu function CONTROL MAP 3748DOC020102 2−118 Edition: 14.JAN.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany The RADAR FIX effect: If a MAP has been created and does not fit the current radar video when subsequently loaded, a RADAR FIX can be used. This is done by using TRUE POINTS or TRUE LINES. If a saved MAP does not fit the real radar video one or more of the following can be true: a) The TRUE MAP was created using points or lat/long information from a paper chart not in WGS 84 datum.
Operator Manual 2.5.1.3 MAP MENU − EXCHANGE − EXCHANGE This function allows MAPs created on the NSC Radar to be read in and out. A USB stick can be used as an external storage medium. The USB port is located on the front of the unit. Procedure: (see Figure: 2−70) Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Open the FUNC menu Open the MAP menu Open the MAP menu function EXCHANGE Insert the USB stick into USB port Press the REFRESH softkey; the NSC processor automatically detects the USB stick.
R NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany NSC back side Step 1 Step 2 USB port Step 3 Step 4 (Example) Step 5 Step 8 Step 6 Step 7 Figure: 2−70 Calling up the MAP menu function EXCHANGE MAPS Edition: 14.JAN.
Operator Manual 2.5.1.4 MAP MENU − SAVE − SAVE MAPS are created in the current radar video and can then be saved, for example under the name of the sea area. MAPS are saved based on the fixed LATITUDE and LONGITUDE co−ordinates. Procedure: (see Figure: 2−71) Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Open the FUNC menu Open the MAP menu Open the MAP menu function SAVE Enter the desired MAP name using the cursor and the softkey keyboard. Pressing the SAVE softkey completes the operation.
R NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual 2.5.1.5 Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany MAP MENU − DELETE − DELETE Delete allows you to delete MAPS, which can be LOCAL or DISTANT MAPS. Procedure: (see Figure: 2−72) Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Open the FUNC menu Open the MAP menu Open the MAP menu function DELETE. Select LOCAL or DISTANT. Select the desired MAP. Pressing the DELETE softkey deletes the MAP. Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Figure: 2−72 Calling up the MAP menu function DELETE Edition: 14.JAN.
Operator Manual 2.5.1.6 MAP MENU − LOAD − LOAD Load allows you to load a saved MAP. This function provides various MAP categories. The NSC system uses the saved LATITUDE / LONGITUDE co−ordinates to identify the correlation between the MAP and the sea area currently displayed in the radar video. The subsequent MAP lists are then automatically adapted to the changing radar video view. LOCAL MAP Local MAPS are MAPS whose saved co−ordinates match the current sea area.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 If necessary, select another range scale Figure: 2−73 Calling up the MAP menu function LOAD MAPS Edition: 14.JAN.
Operator Manual 2.5.2 Select TRIAL MANEUVER The trial maneuver feature allows the operator to see the results of possible changes in their own speed and/or course, without actually committing their own ship to those changes. When the trial maneuver function is on, a large letter T flashes at the bottom of video display. This is to remind the operator that the current radar video and plotting data is not the true navigational situation.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Procedure: (see Figure: 2−74) Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Edition: 14.JAN.2005 Open the FUNCTION menu Open the TRIAL function Switch the vector display into TRUE mode (possible example) Execute the TRIAL maneuver. The trial heading marker and the SHM are shown congruently in the radar video. Move the Course slider, CSE, to start the TRIAL maneuver. The trial heading marker is moved using the CSE slider.
Operator Manual Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Trial heading marker Trial maneuver symbol Settings for this example: (ARPA MENU) Figure: 2−74 Trial maneuver (example) 3748DOC020102 2−128 − PCP/CPA SYMBOLS ON − CPA WRN on PCP ON Edition: 14.JAN.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Result: When a trial maneuver is added, the trial course (CSE) identifies the new heading but cannot affect potential collision points because these depend on the speed of approach towards other vessels (where your own ship could potentially meet another). Trial speed (SPD) changes the potential collision points and the higher the selected speed the more PCPs there will be in the vicinity of the tracked ships.
Operator Manual 2.5.3 Select ROUTE (option) This function allows the transfer of routes, e.g. between an electronic sea chart NSC ECDIS and the NSC radar. The route planning is effected via NSC ECDIS (see NSC ECDIS manual). If the route position (NSC ECDIS) matches with the radar position, the route can be displayed in the current radar video. Parallel to the route display, the active cursor of the NSC ECDIS appears in the radar video, and the active cursor from NSC radar on the display of the NSC ECDIS.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 NSC ECDIS cursor Figure: 2−75 ROUTE (example) Edition: 14.JAN.
Operator Manual 2.5.4 Select T−SCE (ON/OFF) This function allows you to call up a TEST SCENARIO. The test scenario is described by an independent radar video, in which the test targets are displayed. The radar video is identified by two flashing XX characters and is shown in the PPI. Procedure: (see Figure: 2−76) Step 1 Open the FUNCTION menu Step 2 Set T−SCE ON After several cycles, the test scenario appears in the PPI. These targets can be acquired manually or using the ARPA zones.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Step 1 Step 2 Figure: 2−76 Test scenario Result: This test allows the ARPA tracker to be tested. The test is normally carried out in open waters. Activating T−SCE displays an artificial radar video containing several targets. These targets can be acquired manually or using acquisition zones. Each target acquired can be identified by the ARPA INFORMATION. The VECTORS, TRAILS and PAST POSITIONS for the targets can also be shown. Edition: 14.JAN.
Operator Manual 2.5.5 Select PERFORMANCE MONITOR The performance monitor PMU provides a transmitter power check and a receiver sensitivity check. When targets are not available, the PMU can also be used for manual tuning of the radar to ensure maximum radar performance at all times. 2.5.5.1 Performance monitor Brief description This is a passive performance monitor system. This means: The performance monitor is a device capable of signaling any degradation in the performance of the radar in the display.
R NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual Step 3 Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Step 2 F1 Step 1 PMU transmission check Info The dotted lines are only used to explain the PMU check.
Operator Manual Monitoring efficiency of radar reception system Adjust the radar GAIN to obtain a floor noise that is just visible. If the radar is working correctly, the 4 arcs must be recognizable; in particular the furthest must be hardly recognizable by floor noise. The 4 markers are visualized with decreasing intensity starting from the nearest marker to the one furthest from the center of the radar video. Each jump in intensity indicates a decrement of 3 dB in reception.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual 2.5.6 R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Select SECTOR BLANKING (ON/OFF) SECTOR BLANKING is one of the ship−specific settings to be made at commissioning. The setting normally depends on the ship’s superstructure (e.g. cranes, chimneys etc.), from which strong reflection effects can be expected. These effects have a negative impact on the quality of the radar video. To counteract this, the relevant sectors can be blanked out in the radar video.
Operator Manual Step 1 Step 2 Figure: 2−79 Sector blanking Result: The radar video quality within the sector depends on the reflection influences. 3748DOC020102 2−138 Edition: 14.JAN.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual 3 R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Theory of Operation This chapter gives additional information about radar operation and functions. It explains terminology and and describes a number of effects which have influence on radar performance and have to be considered by the operator. A radar uses a very high frequency radio wave (microwave) which has similar properties to those of light regarding straightness and uniform velocity.
Operator Manual • Target Course − TRUE > Direction of target movement referenced to true north. − RELATIVE > Direction of target movement referenced to own ship bow. • Closest Point of Approach (CPA) The point at which a target will be closest to own ship • Time to Closest Point of Approach (TCPA) The time remaining to CPA, based on current own ship speed.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Figure: 3−1 Relative Motion (R) / Relative Motion (T) Edition: 14.JAN.
Operator Manual • Vectors Relative Vector Line drawn on screen to indicate calculated relative course and speed of targets. True Vector Line drawn on screen to indicate calculated true course and speed of targets. 3748DOC020102 3−4 Edition: 14.JAN.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual 3.2 R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Radar Pattern Interpretation The radar displays a chart−like picture (PPI) on TFT under normal conditions. Under certain conditions, however, various false echoes are generated, and small targets are hidden by rain, snow or sea waves. To correctly interpret targets and patterns which appears on the TFT requires considerable experience.
Operator Manual 3.2.1.1 Radar Interference When a radar is used on another ship nearby, a radial pattern of dots may appear on the display. There are various patterns caused by the radar interference which can be eliminated by reducing the range scale. This radar provides a radar interference rejection device, and the radar interference from the radars of other ships can be cancelled (see Figure: 3−3).
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual 3.2.1.2 R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Sea Clutter, Rain Clutter The radar wave is reflected by waves, clouds, rain and snow. This is then displayed as a bright noise which clutters the Radar Video and may hide targets When this happens, adjust GAIN, SEA (sea clutter), RAIN (rain and snow clutter) controls to assist in the detection of targets easily. Then adjust FTC. Take note that ordinary visible targets cannot be seen in heavy rain and snow (see Figure: 3−4).
Operator Manual 3.2.1.3 Side Lobe Effect In short ranges, not only the main lobe of the radar is reflected by ships nearby but in some cases also the side lobes are reflected. This leads to false echoes, which are all at same distance, but different bearings. Multiple reception effect If a strong echo reflected from a large object at short range is reflected several times between the object and own ship, false echoes are displayed at positions of 1, 2, 3 or more times the distance of the actual position.
R NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual 3.2.1.4 Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Second trace false echo The second trace false echo appears when the signal is received at the next pulse repetition period after it was reflected by a high mountain or similar object in long distance. Therefore, the position in which it appears is identified by subtracting distance corresponding to the pulse repetition interval from the actual distance.
Operator Manual It often appears that the radio wave propagation is abnormal (duct effect), when the object is a very large mountain. If the signal reception level, however, is small and the transmitted pulse intervals are slightly changed, then a long cloudy form echo appears as shown in the figure, and can easily be identified. If it is difficult to identify, reduce the receiver gain (GAIN) slightly. In rare cases, the guard ring alarm goes off.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual 3.2.1.5 R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Abnormal Atmospheric Conditions Under certain abnormal atmospheric conditions, the radar wave can be reflected at higher layers in the atmosphere. This leads to wrong measurements in long distances. invisible Range visible Range Atmosphere Figure: 3−8 Atmospheric Condition Edition: 14.JAN.
Operator Manual 3.3 Vector Presentation 3.3.1 True Vector Mode (see Figure: 3−9) True vector mode displays the true movement of all targets with true course and true speed. The actual speed and course of own ship and and two targets are such that target 1 will eventually collide with own ship, and the target 2 will pass well behind own ship. In TRUE vector mode, tracked targets which are standing still (such as target 3) do not display a vector.
R NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual 3.3.2 Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Relative Vector Mode (see Figure: Figure: 3−10) Relative vector mode shows how targets move in relation to own. All ships that have relative vectors pointing to my own ship are dangerous targets.
Operator Manual 3.4 Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) The purpose of an Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) is to interpret radar information continuously and to display the results so that watch officers may quickly assess and react to potential danger. The performance specfication of the International Maritim Organization (IMO) requires the ARPA plotting reliability to be as good as manual plotting techniques. The NSC meets and exceeds these minimum requirements to provide a greater margin of safetey.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual 3.4.1 R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Sensor Errors The performance of ARPA depends on the quality of the sensor information which is processed. The radar is the sensor which measures target range and bearing relative to own ship. The gyro compass measures the heading of the own ship ship relative to north. The speed log measures the motion of ship own relative to the water or bottom. 3.4.1.
Operator Manual 3.4.1.3 Plotting Plotting is started by positioning the trackball cursor over the desired target echo. When the softbutton is pressed the radar aquires the target. When a target becomes too weak or too large and is identified by the ARPA as a LOST TARGET, two options are available: (1) CANCEL Option: As a warning, a flashing symbol marks the last position of the target. The ARPA attempts the target by increasing the window size.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany To determine accurate ARPA results, a number of past positions have to be recorded. After acquiring a close target, the processor takes about a minute to record enough position data to get a good, accurate speed. More time could be required for targets more than eight miles away. NOTE For accurate target data, accurate own ship’s course and speed are required, particularly during course changes.
Operator Manual 3.4.2 Collision Assessment (Surveillance) Once the true velocities of own ship and targets are established (within one minute of acquisition), it is valid to interpret displayed information for collision assessment. TRUE and RELATIVE VECTORS are available to present target velocities. The NSC provides two additional surveillance features to aid in rapid assessment of collisions potential in congested situations.
NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual R Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany CPA symbols will be displayed if: Edition: 14.JAN.
Operator Manual 3.5 Keep the following points in mind when operating the NSC: • Radar Video The radar video display area is updated from a memory. The memory is updated as the antenna scans. The radar picture is signal processed from previous scan of the antenna. This process is called scan−to−scan integration. Three scans are required to integrete a target to full brightness.
R NSC 18 RADAR Operator Manual SHM see chapter 2.3.2.1 Raytheon Marine GmbH Germany Radar video displays, Radar video settings, INFORMATION PANEL, see chapter 2.3.2 see chapter 2.3.3 see chapter 2.3.6 Antenna sensitivity controls, see chapter 2.3.1. MENU bar, see chapter 2.3.6.6 North Marker PPI Radar compass rose Radar video Cursor information in radar video range, T see chapter 2.3.
Subject to alteration due to technical developments without notice. All rights reserved · Printed in Germany 3748DOC020102 Edition 14.JAN.2005 Raytheon Marine GmbH High Seas Products D - 24100 Kiel, Germany Tel +49(0)4 31-30 19-0 Fax +49(0)4 31-30 19-291 Email Service@ raykiel.com www.raytheon-marine.
