® BreadCrumb LX / LX3 USER GUIDE Version: 2.91 Date: April 16, 2010 Corporate Headquarters Rajant Corporation 400 East King Street Malvern, PA 19355 Tel: (484) 595-0233 Fax: (484) 595-0244 http://www.rajant.
FCC and IC Statements This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the device is operated in a commercial environment. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with this instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 Table of Contents FCC and IC Statements.................................................................................................... Copyright Statement......................................................................................................... Preface....................................................................................................................................v Purpose and Scope..........
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 5 Troubleshooting..............................................................................................................25 5.1 Sporadic Network Connectivity..................................................................................25 5.2 BreadCrumb Device Cannot Connect to BCWN.......................................................26 Appendix A: Error and Warning Codes................................................
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 Preface Purpose and Scope This manual provides information and guidance to all personnel who are involved with and use Rajant Corporation’s BreadCrumb LX/LX3 product. This manual begins with an introduction to the BreadCrumb Wireless Network (BCWN). It then characterizes the features of the BreadCrumb LX/LX3. Finally, it describes common deployment scenarios and provides concise step-by-step instructions for each scenario.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 1 Introduction Rajant Corporation's (http://www.rajant.com) BreadCrumb LX/LX3 utilizes the IEEE 802.11a and 802.11g wireless networking standards to form a wireless mesh network. The network is mobile, self-integrating, self-meshing, self-healing, full-duplex and secure. The focus is on flexibility, adaptability, and simplicity.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 Most BreadCrumb deployments include elements from more than one of the above scenarios. In many cases, BreadCrumbs will perform all of these tasks as shipped with no configuration necessary at all, providing an instant TAN (Tactical Area Network). Moreover, because BreadCrumbs use industry-standard 802.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 Example 1: Suppose you have three BreadCrumbs, called A, B, and C. Each has two radios. BreadCrumb A’s radios are on channels 1 and 8, B’s are on 8 and 11, and C’s are on 1 and 11. All three BreadCrumbs are using the default ESSID of "breadcrumb54-v10.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 1.3 1.3.1 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 Description of BreadCrumb LX/LX3 Radios BreadCrumb LX offers two radios, while BreadCrumb LX3 offers three radios. 802.11g radios are used in the 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz bands, and 802.11a radios are used in the 4.9 GHz and 5 GHz bands. The radios support the following channels and frequencies in the United States and Canada: Note Not all channels are allowed for use everywhere around the world.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 Table 2: 900 MHz Radio Channel and Frequencies. Channel Number Center Frequency (MHz) 5 912 6 917 The default channel for a 900 MHz BreadCrumb radio is 6 (917 MHz). Table 3: 5 GHz Radio Channel and Frequencies.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 Table 4: 4.9 GHz Radio Channel and Frequencies. Channel Number Center Frequency (MHz) 20 4950.0 25 4952.5 30 4955.0 35 4957.5 40 4960.0 45 4962.5 50 4965.0 55 4967.5 60 4970.0 65 4972.5 70 4975.0 75 4977.5 80 4980.0 The default channel for a 4.9 GHz BreadCrumb radio is 40 (4960.0 MHz). One antenna port per radio is utilized.
Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 A: USB Port. (LX and LX3) B: Status LED. (LX and LX3) C: ETH0/PWR RJ45 Port. (LX and LX3) D: ETH1 RJ45 Port. (LX and LX3) E: Zeroize Keys and Restore Factory Defaults / LED Configuration Switch (LX and LX3) F: Type N RF Connector for the 2.4 GHz Antenna. (LX and LX3) Figure 3: BreadCrumb LX/LX3 Enclosure Features (Top-Front Side).
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 A: ½” Closure Plug (Not Utilized). Type N RF Connector for the 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz Antenna (Not Shown). B: Type N RF Connector for the 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9 GHz or 5 GHz Antenna. Type N RF Connector for the 900 MHz or 5GHz Antenna Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 (LX) (LX3) (LX) (LX3) Figure 4: BreadCrumb LX/LX3 Enclosure Features (Bottom-Rear Side). 1.3.3 Antenna Connectors The BreadCrumb LX provides two Type N female antenna connectors.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 Table 5: BreadCrumb LX Radio/Antenna Configurations. LX Model Front Side Antenna Back Side Antenna LX-2409 2.4 GHz 900 MHz LX-2424 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz LX-2449 2.4 GHz 4.9 GHz LX-2450 2.4 GHz 5 GHz The BreadCrumb LX3 provides three Type N female antenna connectors. The connector located on the front side of the enclosure (see F in Figure 3) interfaces to the 2.4 GHz antenna.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 1.3.4 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 Power and Ethernet Connectors The BreadCrumb LX/LX3 contains two 10/100 Base-TX Ethernet ports named ETH0/PWR RJ45 and ETH1 RJ45 (see Figure 3). Both ports support Auto-MDI/MDIX allowing the use of either straight-through or crossover data cables for connections to the ports. Use of the supplied data cable is recommended for outdoor installations.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 Figure 5: BreadCrumb LX/LX3 Ethernet and Passive PoE Connections. Warning 1.3.5 In order to avoid sparking and possible damage to the unit, be sure to connect the powered Ethernet cable to the BreadCrumb LX/LX3 before applying power to the power supply. Status LED The Status LED indicates the current status of a BreadCrumb.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 Table 7: Status LED Color Codes. Color Status Solid Red Booting Blinking Red1 Error Solid Blue Ready, but no peers Solid Green At least one 24 Mbps or higher peer Blinking Green At least one peer Blinking Yellow (at a constant rate) Progress Blinking Yellow1 (with short and long pauses between blinks) Warning All Status LED colors scrolling in succession Success/Completion 1.3.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 The process of zeroizing keys and restoring factory defaults can also be performed remotely from within the BC|Commander/BCAdmin management software. For details on this alternative method, refer to the BC|Commander/BCAdmin user guide. Tip 1.3.6.2 LED Configuration This mode is used to control the default and alternate display states of the Status LED.
Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 2 BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Using BC|Commander or BCAdmin BC|Commander is Rajant’s software package used for monitoring the status of BreadCrumbs with version 10 firmware on a BreadCrumb Wireless Network (BCWN). BC|Commander is also used for configuring version 10 BreadCrumbs and to graphically portray the network topology. Note BC|Commander includes an option called v10 Transitional Mode.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 3 Deploying the BreadCrumb Wireless Network There are many factors which need to be taken into account when deploying the BreadCrumb Wireless Network (BCWN). Section 3.1 describes the addressing scheme of the BCWN. Section 3.2 discusses channel assignments. Section 3.3 details some of the most commonly occurring environmental factors that will have a major impact on the performance of the BCWN. Finally, section 3.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 In some cases, however, it is necessary to manually set the radios to specific channels as described below. 3.2.1 Channel Assignment for Single-Radio BreadCrumb Devices Single-radio BreadCrumb devices such as the ME2 present a challenge for deployments in which those BreadCrumb devices are needed to provide critical links within a mesh.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 • Devices placed too far away or in RF “shadows” may experience total loss of connection. • RF transmit power and receive sensitivity are important in determining the distances over which the device will be effective. • When placing a BreadCrumb device, check the connection status to the nearest available device using either the BreadCrumb device’s status LED (described in section 1.3.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 allow for adequate wave propagation. A device placed directly on the ground has a significantly reduced effective range. Elevating a device above the ground dramatically increased the maximum effective range. Rajant recommends elevating the components a minimum of 6 ft. above the surrounding surface. 3.4 Deployment Guidelines and Methodology This section addresses the actual on-site deployment of the BCWN.
Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 3.4.2 BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Deployment Methodology The steps detailed in this section should assist you in successfully deploying the BCWN. 1. Scan the terrain on which the BCWN will be deployed. (a) Determine the initial distances between BreadCrumb devices. Refer to Rajant Troubleshooting Range User Guide for more information. (b) Note any LOS obstructions, and plan BreadCrumb placement to work around them. 2.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 4 BreadCrumb LX/LX3 USB Firmware Upgrade Each BreadCrumb relies on low-level software known as firmware for proper execution. Rajant periodically releases updated BreadCrumb firmware. The updated firmware must be obtained from Rajant.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 occurs, note the new error code and then apply for technical support. 7. When complete, turn off power and remove USB storage device. Note 24 An alternative method of upgrading the firmware of a BreadCrumb LX/LX3 is explained in the BC|Commander/BCAdmin user guide. This method, called Over The Air (OTA) firmware upgrade, offers the convenience of remote and completely software controlled firmware upgrades.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 5 5.1 Troubleshooting Sporadic Network Connectivity Table 9: Sporadic Network Connectivity Issues. Problem Resolution As a BreadCrumb device’s battery approaches exhaustion, network connectivity will become sporadic for the BreadCrumb device and its associated wireless clients. Monitory battery usage and charge/replace batteries as necessary.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 Problem Resolution you set for the network) using the software accompanying your wireless card. 5.2 • Ensure that the wireless client’s IP address settings are configured properly. • Ensure that the security settings on the client device and BreadCrumb devices match. • Ensure that the client device is not prevented from connecting by an ACL.
Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Appendix A: Error and Warning Codes All possible BreadCrumb error and warning codes are listed below: LX/LX3/ME3 Firmware Upgrade Codes (1*). 11 – Flash image file does not exist. 12 – Current flash image version is greater than versions of files found on USB drive. 13 – No flash image files found. 14 – Unable to mount USB drive. 15 – Unlocking of /dev/mtd0 failed. 16 – fconfig for SetFailsafeBoot failed.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 128 – Failed to checksum file system image. 129 – Failed to create directory for next file system image. 131 – Failed to mount next file system image. 132 – Failed to create directory for settings. 133 – Failed to copy current settings to next file system image. 134 – Failed to unmount next file system image. ME2 Firmware Upgrade Codes (2*) 21 – Flash image file does not exist.
Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 411 – OpenSSL FIPS vector test programs not found. 412 – OpenSSL FIPS vector test hash mismatch. 413 – 802.11i AES-CCMP test vectors failed. 414 – Unable to use FIPS CCMP encryption. 42 – Mixed SecNet/Non-SecNet configuration. 43 – Rekeying error. 44 – Rekeying error. 45 – Rekeying error. 46 – Rekeying error. 47 – Rekeying error. 48 – Rekeying error. 49 – Rekeying error. 431 – Rekeying error. 432 – Rekeying error.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 65 – Unknown gas gauge revision. 66 – Incorrect ME3 gas gauge revision 0 EEPROM settings. Other Codes (7*) 71 – Host flapping detected. 72 – Critical I2C failure.
BreadCrumb® LX/LX3 User Guide Version: 2.91 Rajant Corporation 03-100101-001 Appendix B: Using Pole Mount Bracket 1. Use the supplied four (4) M5 screws to attach the mounting bracket to the LX/LX3. 2. Use the U-Bolts to attach LX/LX3 Pole Top Bracket to a pole. 3. Tighten the four (4) nuts on the two (2) U-Bolts to secure the LX/LX3 assembly to the pole. Figure 6: LX Pole-Top Bracket with U-Bolts. Figure 7: U-Bolts Holding the LX Pole-Top Bracket to a Pole.
