KAIROS User Manual Version 1.4 Radio Activity S.r.l. Via De Notaris, 50 - 20128 Milano- Italy – email: comm@radioactivity-tlc.it - www.radioactivity-tlc.com Tel. +39.02.36514205 - FAX/Voicebox +39.1782.242408 - CCIAA Milano N° 1728248 - VAT Id.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 Summary 1 2 3 FOREWORD ..................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 LOCAL LAWS RESTRICTIONS........................................................................................................................ 6 1.2 DOCUMENT COPYRIGHTS .......................................................................................................................... 6 1.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 3.3.3 GPS antenna .............................................................................................................................. 17 3.3.4 Power supply .............................................................................................................................. 21 3.3.5 I/O ports ..................................................................................................................................... 22 3.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 6.3.2 Ports and connectors ................................................................................................................. 35 6.3.3 LAN requirements ...................................................................................................................... 36 6.3.4 Codec VoIP ................................................................................................................................. 36 6.3.5 SNMP protocol ............
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 KAIROS – User manual Thank you for your purchase of this product. KAIROS comes out from the best Italian tradition, where all details, also the invisible ones, are important and need a care. Designing a mobile radio infrastructure is an art, that needs a complete knowledge of all the possible aspects to avoid unexpected situations.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 1 Foreword This manual is intended for use by experienced technicians familiar with RF and IP technology. It contains information required for installation, setup and maintenance of a KAIROS based radio infrastructure. 1.1 Local laws restrictions The use of this product is subjected to the local laws and in most cases requires a specific license. As example, it may be prohibited in some RF bands or part of them, or may be limited in the RF power.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 2 Product Safety 2.1 RF Exposure Compliance FCC Guidelines described in the OET Bulletin 65, state limits for maximum permissible exposure (MPE) and specify the maximum power density for “General Population/Uncontrolled Exposure”. This limit is 0.2 W/m² for VHF band (30-300 MHz) and f/1500 for UHF band (300-1500 MHz).
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 2.3 Power supply The equipment requires a 13.2Vdc/5A, negative grounded, power supply. It is recommended to insert a 10A fuse in the power supply cable near the power supply source (e.g.: a battery) to avoid dangerous damage due to lightening event or to accidental short circuits along power supply cables. The equipment is designed to be powered by a safe supply source which grants a double insulation of output voltage from dangerous voltages.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 3 Radio description KAIROS is a very sophisticated digital transceiver, target for high performance professional use. Its architecture provides the capability of supporting a number of features resulting in a extremely flexible two-way radio communications solution. Due to its flexibility, the complete parameters programming is not an easy task. To perform a perfect programming to match the desired application, it is required a very skilled and expert technician.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 Now, releasing the button, the equipment switches off. Note that the last on/off condition will be saved also in case of power supply break therefore the equipment will automatically switch on after a black out. At equipment switched off, pressing this button for at least 4 sec, the equipment goes in “IP discover status”. See the related chapter for additional information.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 These led report also the equipment status during the boot/startup phase; see the paragraph below for a detailed explanation. 3.2 Radio status led The “RX1 – RX2 – TX1 – TX2” led assume different meaning during the functioning. There are four main conditions where they give different groups of information: 1) LINUX booting state, 2) DSP booting state, 3) radio calibration/self test state, 4) regular function state, 5) switching off, 6) maintenance state. 3.2.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 6. Radio Led test. This test may be useful to check the real functioning of all led. All Radio Led are switched on green for 1 sec. Then they are all switched on red for 1 sec, and again all switched on green for 1 sec. 7. DSP startup phase is ended and the Radio Led are switched off. The next operation of the startup is the radio calibration as described in the following paragraph. 3.2.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 3.2.5 Maintenance status See the “IP discover procedure” described in a following paragraph to enter into the maintenance status and the related led signaling. 3.3 Rear panel The following picture shows the rear panel of KAIROS. In the rear panel there are (up to) 7 connectors: ∞ RX diversity/main – female SMA-type connector. They are the input of the diversity/main channels of the receiver.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 3.3.1 RX inputs specifications KAIROS has got two RX inputs, one named “main” and the other named “diversity”. The contemporary use of both receivers gives excellent performances over fading events. For further information, see the “ENB33 Soft diversity reception” document. Both inputs have the following characteristics (typical): Nominal impedance 50 Ohm Operating maximum input -10 dBm Maximum input without permanent damages +10 dBm Received signal band 0..
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 This realization allow to operate like a normal duplex station on f1=f_rx and f2=f_tx, and also in simplex/direct mode at f2. The soft diversity feature, obviously, in this special application is lost. More details can be asked to Factory. 3.3.2 TX output specifications Direct and reflected output powers are measured by a directional coupler. Power control circuit acts in a closed loop and keeps constant the total power at MOSFET drain.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 Power amplifier works in C class and ensures a very high efficiency, lowering the needed power from supply system and lowering the thermal dissipation inside the cabinet. When used at full power and high duty cycle rate, the temperature of the equipment can increase some tens of °C over the ambient temperature.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 The GPS quality and the effective antenna efficiency can be checked connecting to the equipment through the setup tool: The PPS acquire time is around 1 minute with good GPS signals (the frontal led “RX1” flashes red until the PPS is ready). Once the PPS is acquired (the frontal led “RX1” flashes orange), another minute is request to synchronize in time and frequency the equipment (than the frontal led “RX1” flashes green synchronously with the arriving PPS).
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 3.3.3.1 In site GPS sharing A special technique is implemented to allow also the use contemporary 2 or more GPS receivers for redundancy. The follow figure explain how to share the PPS: In the example above, 4 KAIROS are assembled in the same cabinet. Two GPS antennas are used realizing a 1+1 redundancy in the synchronization source. The timing signal, sent out from both KAIROS equipped with the GPS receiver, is used from all the other ones.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 4th choice PPS to rear plug 3.3.3.2 Internal ref (full) Insulated GPS sharing in RF linked stations The main synchronization source in a RF linked simulcast network should be the GPS. In case of GPS failure, the link transceiver is able to recover a time and frequency reference from the DMR signaling coming from the Master station.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 PPS to rear plug Insulated Insulated Slave Internal PPS (GPS/GLONASS) External PPS (full) Internal ref (full) Internal ref (full) Internal ref Master Internal PPS (GPS/GLONASS) External PPS (full) Internal ref (full) Internal ref (full) Internal ref KAIROS “D”: st 1 choice 2nd choice 3rd choice 4th choice PPS to rear plug 3.3.4 Power supply The equipment requires a 13.2Vdc nominal power supply with negative to ground.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 LINUX & LAN + RX main on : 260mA LINUX & LAN + RX main + RX Diversity on : 310mA LINUX & LAN + RX main + RX Diversity + TX @1W : 1A LINUX & LAN + RX main + RX Diversity + TX @5W : 1.8A LINUX & LAN + RX main + RX Diversity + TX @10W : 2.5A LINUX & LAN + RX main + RX Diversity + TX @25W : 4.0A The DMR TIER 2 standard doesn’t require a continuous transmission from the repeater.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 3.3.5.1 Digital I/O The I/O output pins (PWR_GOOD, M_1, M_2, PTT_OUT_conn, I/O_OUT_1, ALR_OUT, FAN, OUT_1+1_MNG_CONN) are open collector type able to switch up to 20mA/40Vdc. A 470 Ohm resistor limits the maximum current and a 47K resistor refers the output to the internal 3.3V. The I/O input pins (REMOTE_OFF, E_1, E_2, I/O_IN_2, I/O_IN_3, ALR_IN1, ALR_IN2, PPS_IN_CONN) are internally pull-upped to the 3.3V. A pair of diodes protect the input from voltage below zero.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 configured to accept an external synchronous clock or an external pulse per second signal. Contact Factory for further details. IN/OUT_1+1_MNG_CONN : [IN/OUT] these pins support a simple protocol to allow two KAIROS to functioning as 1+1 (main and spare) equipment. V_ext_1 : [IN analog] not isolated inputs for voltage sensing (10KOhm / 0..24V referred to ground); the value of this voltage can be seen via the remote control tool.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 ∞ Audio Line 2: this port is connected to the DMR timeslot 2; it is needed the dual AMBE option Note that the audio port can be configured in many different modes. For example the Audio Line 1 can be used to synchronize two base stations through a 2 wire long line. The audio line settings (levels, filters, PM/FM in-out, …) are modifiable with the setup tool, using the “LINE setup” mask. 3.4 Option boards KAIROS has got two internal connectors for placing option boards.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 4 Installation and maintenance 4.1 Improper use It is recommended to install the equipments in closed cabinet, to allow only authorized people to access to them, in order to avoid handling or improper use of equipments and to avoid accidental contact with hot surfaces. 4.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 The power supply input has a built-in RF filter that reduce the in out noise. A ferrite bead should be inserted in the power supply cable for very low noise applications or for cable length that exceeds 3 meters. Note: use cable with adequate section and don’t insert inductive devices because they could produce extravoltage that activate internal electronic protections giving on/off instability.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 4.5 AF interface These IN/OUT ports are balanced and ground referred (NOT FLOAT! don’t apply to these pins more than 20Vdc). For long line use, it is recommended to insert an external 1:1 transformer in order to isolate the port from static voltage difference that can be arise between the line ends.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 VHF model). Be sure that, at the nominal RF power, the power supply be at least 12Vdc. Remember that noisy power supply may produce unwanted disturbs both in TX and in RX. ∞ TX power to the antenna; keeping in account the branching loss, it should be within +/-1 dB (+/-2W @10W) respect to the nominal power set. ∞ Antenna and branching system; verify the reflected power at the TX output and at the branching output to the antenna.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 the Master (see its voter mask), must be selected in the master and must be transmitted locally. Be sure that the signal re-transmitted is effectively the signal coming from the Master and not a local copy. ∞ At the end remember to save on your PC all configuration parameters of the base station; these parameters can be very useful to clone a substituting unit in case of fail. 4.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 5 Parameters configuration and Remote Control Working parameter of the station are completely programmable through a SW package and a PC connection. The visible (and programmable) parameters set is very wide and extends from radio channel setting to tuning voltage measure of each local oscillator. The software is called KAIROS_Manager for single base-stations or DMR_NetControl for network systems.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 5.1 SIP/RTP Gateway KAIROS can run an optional “DMR Gateway” agent to interface Analog and DMR radio systems to several external networks (the AMBE codec option board is requested). It allows radio users to easily communicate and interoperate with: ∞ External telephone applications like conventional PSTN equipments (external interface needed) and VoIP systems (SIP PABX, SIP Hardphones, Softphones, Open Source SIP platforms).
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 6 Engineering specifications 6.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 6.2 Radio frequency Radio Transceiver model KA080, KA160, KA350, KA450, KA500, KA900, typical values. 6.2.1 Transmitter Output power at the connector 1/5/10/15/20/25 W Connector RF final transistor protection to high temperature Available modulation Modulation bandwidth Synthesis step Transmitting duty cycle ROS protection Adjacent channel noise FM distortion Noise Frequency stability (without GPS) Max reverse input signal Emission Designator (ITU) 6.2.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 Adjacent channel selectivity Blocking protection Intermodulation protection Intercept 3° order IP3in Distortion Noise 73 dB @25 KHz / 63 dB @12.5 KHz 80 dB 75 dB +15 dBm <2 % @1KHz -53 dBp @25 KHz / -47 dBp @12.5 KHz Frequency stability 0.5 p.p.m. (without digital correction) 6.3 6.3.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 Serial control Port RS232 V.24 asynchronous 600 ÷ 115200 bps (optional) USB control Port (optional) 6.3.3 LAN requirements Jitter (deviation of averaged packet The Base Station is able to compensate Jitter delay up to 200 ms. time delay) The total delay averaged + jitter must not exceeds 400ms (each way) Maximum delay The Base Station is able to compensate round trip delay less then 900ms (jitters included) Packet loss < 0.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 6.4 GPS/GLONASS antennas 6.4.1 GPS/GLONASS antenna requirements Connector (RF + remote power supply) SMA Impedance 50 Ohm Sensitivity Tracking Antenna gain up to -159 dBm From 20 to 45 dB, depending on cable length, to obtain a total gain between 12 dB and 26 dB (assumes a 3 dBic patch antenna). A typical value of 25 dB is best in most cases. Frequency band Maximum Noise Figure DC Voltage GPS L1 1575.42 +/- 10 MHz < 2.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 6.6 6.6.1 Branching requirements TX to antenna duplex isolation requirements @10W TX RF power TX RX main Band UHF – HH UHF – H/L VHF – H VHF – L 6.6.2 +/-40MHz 75dB 75dB 75dB 75dB +/-9MHz +/-4.5MHz +/-3MHz +/-1.5MHz +/-0.8MHz 76dB 75dB 75dB 76dB 75dB 78dB 75dB 81dB 78dB 85dB 81dB Suggested RX max input limits on unwanted signals TX RX main Band UHF – HH UHF – H/L VHF – H VHF – L 6.7 6.7.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 6.7.2 Power supply Input Voltage 10.8 – 15.6 Vcc, neg. ground, Nominal 13.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 7 REGULATIONS COMPLIANCE KAIROS is compliant with the existing regulations, in particular: ∞ EN 300 086-2: Technical characteristics and test conditions for radio equipment for analogue speech. ∞ EN 300 113-2: Technical characteristics and test conditions for non speech radio equipment for the transmission of data.
KAIROS User Manual - version 1.3 AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU LV MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR 7.2 Notice for US users This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules and with Industry Canada licence-exempt RSS standards. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1. this device may not cause harmful interference, and 2. this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
