User manual . RipEX Radio modem & Router . version 1.9.0 1/23/2015 fw 1.4.x.x RACOM s.r.o. • Mirova 1283 • 592 31 Nove Mesto na Morave • Czech Republic Tel.: +420 565 659 511 • Fax: +420 565 659 512 • E-mail: racom@racom.eu www.racom.
Table of Contents Important Notice .................................................................................................................................. 7 Quick guide ......................................................................................................................................... 8 1. RipEX – Radio router .................................................................................................................... 10 1.1. Introduction ..............................
RipEX Radio modem & Router 8. CLI Configuration ........................................................................................................................ 159 9. Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................................... 160 10. Safety, environment, licensing ................................................................................................... 162 10.1. Frequency .....................................
RipEX Radio modem & Router 4.19. WiFi dapter ............................................................................................................................... 68 4.20. Demo case ............................................................................................................................... 68 4.21. Fan kit mounting ....................................................................................................................... 69 4.22. RipEX with Fan kit ..................
RipEX Radio modem & Router 10.1. Declaration of Conformity RipEX ........................................................................................... 170 10.2. ATEX C ertificate RipEX ......................................................................................................... 171 10.3. Country of Origin declaration for RipEX ................................................................................. 175 List of Tables 4.1. Pin assignement ..........................................
Important Notice Important Notice Copyright © 2013 RACOM. All rights reserved. Products offered may contain software proprietary to RACOM s. r. o. (further referred to under the abbreviated name RACOM). The offer of supply of these products and services does not include or infer any transfer of ownership. No part of the documentation or information supplied may be divulged to any third party without the express written consent of RACOM.
Quick guide Quick guide RipEX is a widely configurable compact radio modem, more precisely a radio IP router. All you have to do to put it into operation is to connect it to an antenna and a power supply and configure it using a PC (tablet, smart phone) and a web browser. Antenna Sleep Input HW Alarm Input - GND + HW Alarm Output Supply +10 to +30 V - GND Indicator LEDs' ANT SI AI - + AO + - 10 – 30VDC ETH Default/Reset USB Ethernet COM 1 USB COM 2 COM1 RS232 COM2 RS232/485 Fig.
Quick guide SCADA radio network step-by-step Building a reliable radio network for a SCADA system may not be that simple, even when you use such a versatile and easy-to-operate device as the RipEX radio modem. The following step-by-step checklist can help you to keep this process fast and efficient. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1 Design your network to ensure RF signal levels meet system requirements. Calculate and estimate the network throughput and response times when loaded by your application.
RipEX – Radio router 1. RipEX – Radio router 1.1. Introduction RipEX is a best-in-class radio modem, not only in terms of data transfer speed. This Software Defined Radio with Linux OS has been designed with attention to detail, performance and quality. All relevant state-of-the-art concepts have been carefully implemented.
RipEX – Radio router • Fast remote access - Only the effective data are transferred from remote RipEX over the air, html page is downloaded from the local unit. • Bridge or Router - RipEX is a device with native IP support which can be set as a standard bridge or router. • Modbus, IEC101, DNP3, Siemens 3964(R), Comli, RP570, C24, DF1, Profibus, SLIP, Modbus TCP, IEC104, DNP3 TCP etc.
RipEX – Radio router Software authorization keys allow you to add advanced features when needed: Router mode, 166/83 (The two highest Data rates for 25 and 50 kHz channel spacing), COM2, 10 W, Backup routes - Free Master-key trial – (all coded features) for 30 days in every RipEX • Reliability - 3 years warranty, rugged die cast aluminium case, military or industrial components - Every single unit tested in a climatic chamber as well as in real traffic • RipEX - HS - Redundant hot standby chassis - Two h
RipEX – Radio router RS485 EIA RS-485 IEC101 IEC 60870-5-101 IEC104 IEC 60870-5-104 DNP3 IEEE 1815-2010 Profibus DP IEC 61158 Type 3 SLIP RFC 1055 VLAN IEEE 802.1Q Wifi IEEE 802.11g,n Explosive atmospheres EN 60079-0:2012, IEC60079-0:2011, UL60079-0:2013 EN 60079-11:2012, IEC60079-11:2011, UL60079-11:2013 © RACOM s.r.o.
RipEX in detail 2. RipEX in detail 2.1. Modes of operation Radio modem RipEX is best suited for transmission of a large number of short messages where a guaranteed delivery time is required, i.e. for mission critical applications. RipEX has the following basic uses: • Polling In poll-response networks a central master unit communicates with a number of remote radiomodems one at a time.
RipEX in detail 2.2.1. Detailed Description Bridge mode is suitable for Point-to-Multipoint networks, where Master-Slave applications with pollingtype communication protocol are used. RipEX in bridge mode is as easy to use as a simple transparent device, while providing communication reliability and spectrum efficiency by employing a sophisticated protocol in the radio channel. In bridge mode, the radio channel protocol do not solve collisions. There is a CRC check of data integrity, however, i.e.
RipEX in detail Step 2 FEP’s RipEX broadcasts this packet on Radio channel. RipEX3 and RipEX1 receive this packet. RipEX2 doesn’t receive this packet, because it is not within radio coverage of FEP’s RipEX. Step 3 RipEX3 and RipEX1 send the received packet to their COM1 and COM2. Packet is addressed to RTU3, so only RTU3 responds. RipEX1 is set as a repeater, so it retransmits the packet on Radio channel. Packet is received by all RipEXes. Step 4 RipEX2 sends repeated packet to its COM1 and COM2.
RipEX in detail Step 7 RipEX2 sends repeated packet to its COM1 and COM2. RTU2 doesn’t react, because the packet is addressed to FEP. RipEX3 and FEP’s RipEXes do not send the repeated packet to their COM ports, because it has been handled already. FEP processes the reply from RTU3 and polling cycle continues… 2.2.3. Configuration examples You can see an example of IP addresses of the SCADA equipment and RipEX's ETH interfaces in the picture below.
RipEX in detail Repeater Because using the bridge mode makes the network transparent, the use of repeaters has certain limitations. To keep matters simple we recommend using a single repeater. However, if certain rules are observed, using multiple repeaters in the same network is possible. The total number of repeaters in the network is configured for every unit individually under Bridge mode parameters. This information is contained in every packet sent.
RipEX in detail Solution 2. Use a single repeater. (Whenever network layout allows that.) Good 2 1 CEN RPT1 REM 2. Parallel repeaters 2 Remote2 REM2 2 1 Repeater2 1 Improperly designed network: WRONG CEN RPT2 1 Centre 2 1 RPT1 2 2 REM1 X Repeater1 - RipEX REM1 is within the range of two repeaters (RPT1 and RPT2). The repeaters receive a packet (1) from the centre (CEN) and repeat it at the same time (2) causing a collision at REM1.
RipEX in detail 2.3.1. Detailed Description Router mode is suitable for multipoint networks, where multi-master applications with any combination of polling and/or spontaneous data protocols can be used.
RipEX in detail Step 3 RipEX2 waits till previous transaction on Radio channel is finished (anti-collision mechanism). Then RipEX2 transmits on Radio channel the addressed packet for PLC1. RipEX1 receives this packet, checks data integrity and transmits acknowledgement. At the same time packet is sent to PLC1 through COM1. Simultaneously the reply packet from RTU1 for FEP is received on COM2. Step 4 RipEX1 transmitts the reply packet from RTU1 for FEP on Radio channel. All RipEXes receive this packet.
RipEX in detail 10.10.10.3/24 Routing table RipEX3: 192.168.50.0/24 è 10.10.10.50 192.168.1.0/24 è 10.10.10.50 192.168.2.0/24 è 10.10.10.50 192.168.3.1/24 3 192.168.3.2/24 Radio IP 10.10.10.50/24 Routing table RipEX2: 192.168.1.0/24 è 10.10.10.1 192.168.50.0/24 è 10.10.10.1 192.168.3.0/24 è 10.10.10.1 10.10.10.2/24 Routing table RipEX50: 192.168.1.0/24 è 10.10.10.1 192.168.2.0/24 è 10.10.10.1 192.168.3.0/24 è 10.10.10.3 Default GW 192.168.50.2 192.168.2.1/24 2 192.168.2.2/24 ETH IP 192.168.50.
RipEX in detail 2.3.4. Addressing hints In large and complex networks with numerous repeaters, individual routing tables may become long and difficult to comprehend. To keep the routing tables simple, the addressing scheme should follow the layout of the radio network.
RipEX in detail 2.4. Serial SCADA protocols Even when the SCADA devices are connected via serial port, communication remains secured and address-based in all directions (centre-RTU, RTU-centre, RTU-RTU). In router mode, RipEX utilises a unique implementation of various SCADA protocols (Modbus, IEC101, DNP3, Comli, RP570, C24, DF1, Profibus). In this implementation SCADA protocol addresses are mapped to RipEX addresses and individual packets are transmitted as acknowledged unicasts.
RipEX in detail Important The anti-collision protocol feature is available only in the router mode. The bridge mode is suitable for simple Master-Slave arrangements with polling-type application protocol. 2.5. Combination of IP and serial communication RipEX enables combination of IP and serial protocols within a single application. Five independent terminal servers are available in RipEX. A terminal server is a virtual substitute for devices used as serial-to-TCP(UDP) converters.
RipEX in detail opened TCP connections between the RipEX and the locally connected application up to 10 on each Terminal server. 2.6. Diagnostics & network management RipEX radiomodem offers a wide range of built-in diagnostics and network management tools. 2.6.1. Logs There are ‘Neighbours’ and Statistic logs in RipEX. For both logs there is a history of 20 log files available, so the total history of saved values is 20 days (assuming the default value of 1440 min. is used as the Log save period).
RipEX in detail 1 See chapter RipEX App notes, SNMP for RACOM RipEX for more. MIB table can be found there too. 2.6.4. Ping To diagnose the individual radio links RipEX is equipped with an enhanced Ping tool. In addition to the standard info such as the number of sent and received packets or the round trip time, it provides the overall load, the resulting throughput, BER, PER and specific data about the quality of the radio transmission, RSS and DQ for the weakest radio link on the route. See chapter Adv.
RipEX in detail However a software key may have to be purchased and applied to activate the new functionality or the upgrade itself (see the next chapter). See chapter Adv. Conf., Firmware for more. 2.8. Software feature keys Certain advanced RipEX features are activated with software keys. SW feature keys enable the users to initially purchase only the functionality they require and buy additional functions as the requirements and expectations grow. Similarly, when some features (e.g.
Network planning 3. Network planning The significance of planning for even a small radio network is often neglected. A typical scenario in such cases goes as follows – there's not enough time (sometimes money) to do proper planning, so the network construction is started right away while decisions on antennas etc. are based mainly on budget restrictions. When the deadline comes, the network is ready but its performance does not meet the expectations.
Network planning dummy antenna RTU Centre config. PC RTU Fig. 3.1: Application bench test 3.2. Frequency Often the frequency is simply given. If there is a choice, using the optimum frequency range can make a significant difference. Let us make a brief comparison of the most used UHF frequency bands. 160 MHz The best choice when you have to cover a hilly region and repeaters are not an option.
Network planning bunch of trees in the middle, (which would be a fatal problem for e.g. an 11 GHz microwave). 900 MHz also penetrates buildings quite well, in an industrial environment full of steel and concrete it may be the best choice. The signal gets “everywhere” thanks to many reflections, unfortunately there is bad news attached to this - the reliability of high speed links in such environment is once again limited.
Network planning - RX antenna feeder loss [dB] -3.1 dB (10 m cable RG-58 CU, 400 MHz) = -88.8 dBm Received Signal Strength (RSS) The available TX output power and guaranteed RX sensitivity level for the given data rate have to be declared by the radio manufacturer. RipEX values can be found in Table 4.6, “Technical parameters” and Chap Section 4.4.1, “Detailed Radio parameters”. Antenna gains and directivity diagrams have to be supplied by the antenna manufacturer.
Network planning 3.4. Multipath propagation, DQ Multipath propagation is the arch-enemy of UHF data networks. The signal coming out of the receiving antenna is always a combination of multiple signals. The transmitted signal arrives via different paths, by the various non-LOS ways of propagation. Different paths have different lengths, hence the waveforms are in different phases when hitting the receiving antenna. They may add-up, they may cancel each other out. TX antenna Fig. 3.
Network planning 3.4.1. How to battle with multipath propagation? The first step is the diagnosis. We have to realize we are in trouble and only a field measurement can tell us that. We should forget about software tools and simply assume that a multipath problem may appear on every non-LOS hop in the network. These are clear indicators of a serious multipath propagation problem: • • • • directional antennas "do not work", e.g.
Network planning lematic site seems to be usable after all (e.g. it can pass commissioning tests), it will keep generating problems for ever, hence it is very prudent to do something about it as early as possible. Note Never design hops where a directional antenna is used for a direction outside its main lobe. However economical and straightforward it may seem, it is a dangerous trap.
Network planning for the benefit of the network operation. The following options should be considered when defining the layout of a radio network: • Placing a single repeater, which serves most of the network, on the top of a hill is a straightforward and very common option. Sometimes it is the only feasible option. However, there are a few things we must consider with this design.
Network planning M Centre Fig. 3.7: Isolated branches – more robust layout • in report-by-exception networks the load of hops connecting the centre to major repeaters forms the bottle-neck of total network capacity. Moving these hops to another channel, or, even better, to a wire (fibre, microwave) links can multiply the throughput of the network. It saves not only the load itself, it also significantly reduces the probability of collision. More on that in the following chapter 3.6.. 3.6.
Network planning • Both vegetation and construction can grow. Especially when planning a high data rate hop which requires a near-LOS terrain profile, take into consideration the possible future growth of obstacles. • When the signal passes a considerable amount of vegetation (e.g. a 100m strip of forest), think of the season. Typically the path loss imposed by vegetation increases when the foliage gets dense or wet (late spring, rainy season).
Network planning • Do not underestimate ageing of coaxial cables, especially at higher frequencies. Designing a 900 MHz site with 30 m long antenna cable run outdoors would certainly result in trouble two years later. • We recommend to use vertical polarization for all radio modem networks. 3.8. Recommended values To check individual radio link quality run Ping test with these settings: Ping type - RSS, Length [bytes] equal to the longest packets in the networks.
Product 4. Product RipEX is built into a rugged die-cast aluminium casing that allows for multiple installation possibilities, see Section 6.1, “Mounting”. 4.1. Dimensions Fig. 4.1: RipEX dimensions 40 RipEX Radio modem & Router – © RACOM s.r.o.
Product Fig. 4.2: RipEX dimensions – bottom 150 58 50 118 DIN Rail Clip DIN 35 Rail 134 Fig. 4.3: RipEX with DIN rail © RACOM s.r.o.
Product Fig. 4.4: RipEX dimensions with connectors For more information see Section 6.1.1, “DIN rail mounting” and Section 6.1.2, “Flat mounting” 42 RipEX Radio modem & Router – © RACOM s.r.o.
Product 4.2. Connectors All connectors are located on the front panel. The upper side features an LED panel. The RESET button is located in an opening in the bottom side. + + 10 – 30VDC ETH +– SLEEP INPUT HW ALARM INPUT ETH COM1 COM2 HW ALARM OUTPUT WiFi ADAPTER ANTENNA MANAGEMENT ETH/USB ADAPTER Fig. 4.5: Connectors Warning – hazardous locations Do not manipulate the RipEX (e.g. plug or unplug connectors) unless powered down or the area is known to be non-hazardous. 4.2.1.
Product Warning – hazardous locations Antenna has to be installed outside of the hazardous zone. Fig. 4.7: Separated Rx and TX antennas Warning: RipEX radio modem may be damaged when operated without an antenna or a dummy load. 4.2.2. Power and Control This rugged connector connects to a power supply and it contains control signals. A Plug with screwterminals and retaining screws for power and control connector is supplied with each RipEX. It is Tyco 7 pin terminal block plug, part No.
Product Warning – hazardous locations The unit must be powered with an intrinsic save power source for use in hazardous locations. Lead Binding Screws (7) SI AI - + A0 + - 10–30VDC Pin No.: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fig. 4.8: Supply connector Wire Ports (7) Retaining Screws (2) Fig. 4.9: Power and Control - cable plug SLEEP INPUT SLEEP INPUT is the digital input for activating the Sleep mode. When this pin is grounded (for example when connected to pin 3), the RipEX switches into the Sleep mode.
Product connected to GND. If the external device requires connection to positive terminal of the power supply, PIN 4 should be used. POWER The POWER pins labelled + and - serve to connect a power supply 10–30 VDC. The requirements for a power supply are defined in Section 6.6, “Power supply” and Section 4.4, “Technical specification”. 4.2.3. ETH Standard RJ45 connector for ethernet connection. RipEX has 10/100 BaseT Auto MDI/MDIX interface so it can connect to 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps ethernet network.
Product Tab. 4.3: COM1,2 pin description DSUB9F COM1, 2 – RS232 COM2 – RS485 pin signal In/ Out signal In/ Out 1 CD Out — 2 RxD Out line B In/Out 3 TxD In line A In/Out 4 DTR In 5 GND — GND 6 DSR Out — 7 RTS In — 8 CTS Out — 9 — — — Fig. 4.11: Serial connector RipEX keeps pin 6 DSR at the level of 1 by RS232 standard permanently. 4.2.5. USB RipEX uses USB 1.1, Host A interface. USB interface is wired as standard: Tab. 4.
Product Note The flash disc has to contain the FAT32 file system (the most common one at the time of writting). Any other file system will be simply ignored by the RipEX. When in doubt, consult your IT expert. Once the RipEX recognizes a flash disc inserted into the USB interface, the status LED starts blinking slowly, alternating red and green colors. That indicates the start of the upload/download of files.
Product Password: admin Note To reset the RipEX only use the RESET button as described above or use the button in RipEX’s web configuration, see Adv. Conf., Maintenance. Never use a power cycling (disconnecting and reconnecting power supply) to reset it. While power cycle resets, or rather reboots the RipEX, its software will not terminate correctly resulting in logs, statistics and graphs not being saved properly. 4.2.7. GPS RipEX can be equipped with an internal GPS, see Section 4.5, “Model offerings”.
Product 4.3. Indication LEDs Tab. 4.
Product 4.4. Technical specification Tab. 4.6: Technical parameters Radio parameters Frequency bands 135–154; 154–174; 300–320; 320–340; 340–360; 368–400; 400–432; 432–470; 470–512; 928–960 MHz – Detail Channel spacing 6.25 / 12.5 / 25 / 50 kHz Frequency stability ±1.0 ppm Modulation Linear: 16DEQAM, D8PSK, π/4DQPSK, DPSK Exponential (FM): 4CPFSK, 2CPFSK Detail 50 kHz Lin.: 139 – 104 – 69 – 35 kbps Exp.: 42 – 21 kbps max. 2 W max.
Product Sensitivity Detail Anti-aliasing Selectivity 50 kHz @ −3 dB BW Tx to Rx Time < 1.5 ms Maximum Receiver Input Power 20 dBm (100 mW) Rx Spurious Emissions (Conducted) < −57 dBm Radiated Spurious Emissions < −57 dBm Blocking or desensitization Spurious response rejection [1] Detail > 70 dB For output power 10 W it is recommended to use input power above 11 VDC RipEX-470, RipEX-900 – max. output power 8 W. [2] 50kHz channel spacing is HW depended.
Product Operating temperature −40 to +70 °C (−40 to +158 °F) Operating humidity 5 to 95 % non-condensing Storage −40 to +85 °C (−40 to +185 °F) / 5 to 95 % non-condensing Mechanical Casing Rugged die-cast aluminium Dimensions 50 H × 150 W × 118 mm D (1.97× 5.9 × 4.65 in) Weight 1.1 kg (2.
Product Standards CE, FCC, ATEX, IECEx Spectrum (art 3.2) ETSI EN 300 113-2 V1.5.1 FCC Part 90, FCC Part 101 EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) ETSI EN 301 489-1 V1.9.2 (art 3.1.b) ETSI EN 301 489-5 V1.3.1 Safety (art 3.1.a) EN 60950-1:2006 EN 60950–1:2006/A11:2009, EN 60950–1:2006/A12:2011, EN 60950–1:2006/A1:2010 Explosive atmospheres II 3G Ex ic IIC T4 Gc EN 60079-0:2012, IEC60079-0:2011, UL60079-0:2013 EN 60079-11:2012, IEC60079-11:2011, UL60079-11:2013 Tab. 4.
Product 4.4.1. Detailed Radio parameters The very first parameter which is often required for consideration is the receiver sensitivity. Anyone interested in the wireless data transmission probably aware what this parameter means, but we should regard it simultaneously in its relation to other receiver parameters, especially blocking and desensitization.
Product Tab. 4.9: FCC+CE 50 kHz FCC+CE 50 kHz Rx Classification Blocking or desensitization [dBm] Sensitivity [dBm] -2 BER 10 -3 kbps FEC Modulation BER 10 15.62 0.75 2CPFSK -115 -112 20.83 1.00 2CPFSK -113 31.25 0.75 4CPFSK 41.67 1.00 26.04 -6 BER 10 ±1 MHz ±5 MHz ±10 MHz -108 -16 -16 -15 -111 -107 -17 -16 -15 -110 -107 -103 -21 -21 -15 4CPFSK -109 -106 -102 -21 -21 -16 0.75 DPSK -112 -109 -105 -15 -15 -15 34.72 1.
Product Tab. 4.10: CE 25 kHz CE 25 kHz Rx Classification Blocking or desensitization [dBm] Sensitivity [dBm] -2 BER 10 -3 kbps FEC Modulation BER 10 7.81 0.75 2CPFSK -118 -115 10.42 1.00 2CPFSK -117 15.63 0.75 4CPFSK 20.83 1.00 15.62 -6 BER 10 ±1 MHz ±5 MHz ±10 MHz -111 -8 -6 -5 -114 -110 -10 -8 -7 -115 -112 -107 -9 -9 -7 4CPFSK -113 -110 -104 -11 -11 -9 0.75 DPSK -114 -112 -107 -6 -6 -5 20.83 1.00 DPSK -113 -111 -106 -8 -8 -7 31.25 0.
Product Tab. 4.11: CE 12.5 kHz CE 12.5 kHz Rx Classification Blocking or desensitization [dBm] Sensitivity [dBm] -2 BER 10 -3 kbps FEC Modulation BER 10 3.91 0.75 2CPFSK -120 -117 5.21 1.00 2CPFSK -119 7.81 0.75 4CPFSK 10.42 1.00 7.81 -6 BER 10 ±1 MHz ±5 MHz ±10 MHz -113 -6 -4 -3 -116 -112 -8 -6 -5 -117 -114 -108 -6 -6 -5 4CPFSK -115 -112 -105 -8 -8 -7 0.75 DPSK -116 -114 -110 -4 -4 -3 10.42 1.00 DPSK -115 -113 -109 -6 -6 -5 15.62 0.
Product Tab. 4.12: CE 6.25 kHz CE 6.25 kHz Rx Classification Blocking or desensitization [dBm] Sensitivity [dBm] -2 BER 10 -3 kbps FEC Modulation BER 10 1.96 0.75 2CPFSK -122 -120 2.61 1.00 2CPFSK -121 3.91 0.75 4CPFSK 5.21 1.00 3.91 -6 BER 10 ±1 MHz ±5 MHz ±10 MHz -114 -0.5 +1.0 +5.5 -119 -113 -2.5 -1.0 +4.0 -119 -116 -111 -1.5 -0.0 +5.0 4CPFSK -117 -114 -108 -3.5 -1.5 +3.0 0.75 DPSK -121 -118 -113 0.0 1.5 7.0 5.21 1.
Product Tab. 4.13: FCC 25 kHz FCC 25 kHz Rx Classification Blocking or desensitization [dBm] Sensitivity [dBm] -2 BER 10 -3 kbps FEC Modulation BER 10 15.63 0.75 4CPFSK -116 -113 20.83 1.00 4CPFSK -114 26.04 0.75 π/4-DQPSK 34.72 1.00 39.06 -6 BER 10 ±1 MHz ±5 MHz ±10 MHz -108 -3 -1 -0 -111 -105 -5 -2 -1 -114 -111 -107 -4 -2 -1 π/4-DQPSK -112 -119 -105 -6 -4 -2 0.75 D8PSK -108 -105 -99 -9 -7 -5 52.08 1.00 D8PSK -106 -103 -96 -11 -9 -7 52.
Product FCC 12.5 kHz Tx Classification kbps Modulation Emission OBW 99% [kHz] 26 dB Bandwidth 10.42 4CPFSK 8K90F1D 8.7 11.3 17.36 π/4-DQPSK 10K0G1D 9.83 11.3 26.04 D8PSK 10K0G1D 9.87 11.2 34.72 16DEQAM 10K0G1D 9.88 11.3 Tab. 4.15: FCC 6.25 kHz FCC 6.25 kHz Rx Classification Blocking or desensitization [dBm] Sensitivity [dBm] -2 BER 10 -3 kbps FEC Modulation BER 10 3.91 0.75 4CPFSK -120 -117 5.21 1.00 4CPFSK -118 6.51 0.75 π/4-DQPSK 8.68 1.00 9.
Product Tab. 4.16: Narrow 25 kHz Narrow 25 kHz Rx Classification Blocking or desensitization [dBm] Sensitivity [dBm] -2 BER 10 -3 kbps FEC Modulation BER 10 7.81 0.75 2CPFSK -118 -115 10.42 1.00 2CPFSK -117 15.63 0.75 4CPFSK 20.83 1.00 10.41 -6 BER 10 ±1 MHz ±5 MHz ±10 MHz -111 -8 -6 -5 -114 -110 -10 -8 -7 -115 -112 -107 -9 -9 -7 4CPFSK -113 -110 -104 -11 -11 -9 0.75 DPSK -116 -114 -109 -7 -7 -6 13.89 1.00 DPSK -115 -113 -108 -8 -8 -7 20.
Product 5. The radio circuits in RipEX were designed to provide protection from the output of the power amplifier and no oscillation, no damage into infinite VSWR at any phase angle occurs. 6. OBW 99% (Occupied BandWidth) - the bandwidth containing 99% of the total integrated power of the transmitted spectrum, centered on the assigned channel frequency. 7.
Product 4.5. Model offerings RipEX radio modem has been designed to have minimum possible number of hardware variants. Different HW models are determined by frequency, internal GPS and separate connectors for RX and TX antennas. Upgrade of functionality does not result in on-site hardware changes – it is done by activating software feature keys (see chapter RipEX in detail and Adv. Config., Maintenance). 4.5.1.
Product COM2 – enables the second serial interface configurable as RS232 or RS485 (Part No. RipEXSW-COM2) 10W – enables RF output power 10 W for CPSK modulations (Part No. RipEX-SW-10W) BACKUP – enables Backup routes (Part No. RipEX-SW-BACKUP ROUTES) ROUTES MASTER – enables all functionalities of all possible SW feature keys (Part No. RipEX-SW-MASTER) Software keys are always tied to a specific RipEX Serial number (S/N).
Product Others RipEX_X5 – ETH/USB adapter RipEX_W1 – Wifi adapter RipEX_DEMO_CASE – Demo case (without radio modems) RipEX_DUMMYLOAD – Dummy load antenna RipEX_FAN_KIT – Fan kit, for external cooling RipEX_C_NM_50 – Feedline cable, RG58, 50 cm, TNC Male – N Male OTH-HX090F/F – Coaxial overvoltage protection 0–1.5 GHz, N female/N female RipEX-HS – 19" Hot standby chassis, RipEX units excl., pow.supplies incl.
Product 4.6. Accessories 1. RipEX Hot Standby RipEX-HS is redundant hot standby chassis. There are two hot-stand-by standard RipEX units inside. In case of a detection of failure, automatic switchover between RipEX units sis performed. RipEX-HS is suitable for Central sites, Repeaters or Important remote sites where no single point of failure is required. Fig. 4.16: RipEX-HS Fig. 4.17: RipeX-HS dimensions 1 For more information see RipEX-HS datasheet or User manual on www.racom.eu . 2.
Product 3. Wifi adapter Wifi adapter for service access to the web interface via USB connector. Includes a built-in DHCP server which provides up to 5 leases. To access the RipEX always use the fixed IP 10.9.8.7. For details on use see Section 5.3, “Connecting RipEX to a programming PC”. 4. Demo case A rugged plastic case for carrying up to three RipEX's and one Fig. 4.19: WiFi dapter M!DGE 3G SCADA router.
Product External Fan kit for additional cooling in extreme temperatures. For connection see chapter Connectors. Fig. 4.21: Fan kit mounting Note – hazardous locations Fan kit is not intended for use in hazardous locations. 142 55 79 88 150 Fig. 4.22: RipEX with Fan kit © RACOM s.r.o.
Product 6. L-bracket Installation L bracket for vertical mounting. For details on use see chapter Mounting and chapter Dimensions. Fig. 4.23: L-bracket 122 133 100 32 60 124 L - bracket Fig. 4.24: RipEX with L-bracket 7. Flat-bracket Installation bracket for flat mounting. For details on use see chapter Mounting. Fig. 4.25: Flat bracket 70 RipEX Radio modem & Router – © RACOM s.r.o.
Product 150 58 50 118 174 70 184 95 134 Flat - bracket Fig. 4.26: RipEX with Flat-bracket 4×M3 8 2×o4,5 / 174 95 184 75,4 70 101 Fig. 4.27: Flat-bracket dimensions 8. 19" rack shelf – single • 1,6U (70 mm) high • Ready for assembly with one RipEX • Weight 2.5 kg (without power supply and RipEX) • Can be assembled with power supply ○ 100 – 256 V AC / 24 V DC ○ 230 V AC / 24 V DC ○ 48 V DC / 24 V DC ○ MS2000/12 + back up battery 7.2 Ah © RACOM s.r.o.
Product Fig. 4.28: 19" Rack shelf Fig. 4.29: 19" Rack shelf – dimensions 9. 72 19" rack shelf – double • 1,6U (70 mm) high • Ready for assembly with two RipEX’es • Can be assembled with power supplies ○ 100 – 256 V AC / 24 V DC RipEX Radio modem & Router – © RACOM s.r.o.
Product ○ 230 V AC / 24 V DC ○ 48 V DC / 24 V DC ○ MS2000/12 + back up battery 7.2 Ah Fig. 4.30: 19" Rack shelf – double © RACOM s.r.o.
Product Fig. 4.31: 19" Rack shelf–double – dimensions 10. Dummy load antenna Dummy load antenna for RipEX is used to test the configuration on a desk. It is unsuitable for higher output – use transmitting output of 0.1 W only. Fig. 4.32: Dummy load 11. Feedline cable Feedline cable is 50 cm long and is made from the RG58 coaxial cable. There are TNC Male (RipEX side) and N Male connectors on the ends. It is intended for use between RipEX and cabinet panel. 74 RipEX Radio modem & Router – © RACOM s.r.o.
Product 12. Others For other accessories (Power supplies, Antennas, Coaxial overvoltage protection etc.) kindly visit http://www.racom.eu/eng/products/radio-modem-ripex.html#accessories © RACOM s.r.o.
Bench test 5. Bench test 5.1. Connecting the hardware Before installing a RipEX network in the field, a bench-test should be performed in the lab. The RipEX Demo case is great for this as it contains everything necessary: 3 RipEX’s, Power supply, dummy load antennas, etc.
Bench test 1. Using the external Wifi adapter 2. Using the external ETH/USB adapter 3. Directly over the Ethernet interface https://10.9.8.7 PC DHCP https://192.168.169.169 PC 192.168.169.250 https://10.9.8.7 PC DHCP Fig. 5.2: Connecting to a PC over ETH and over WiFi or ETH/USB adapter 1. PC connected via Wifi adapter We recommend using the "W1" - external Wifi adapter (an optional accessory of the RipEX). Connect your PC or tablet or smart phone to RipEX Wifi AP first.
Bench test Start > Settings > Network Connections > Local Area Connections Right Click > Properties > General select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) > Properties > General IP address 192.168.169.250 - for RipEX in the default state Subnet mask 255.255.255.0 Default gateway leave empty OK (Internet Protocol Properties window) OK (Local Area Properties window) Some Operating systems may require you to reboot your PC. Fig. 5.
Bench test certificate. You must install this certificate into your web browser (Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer). The first time you connect to the RipEX, your computer will ask you for authorisation to import the certificate into your computer. The certificate is signed by the certification authority Racom s.r.o. It meets all security regulations and you need not be concerned about importing it into your computer.
Bench test 5. IP address unknown If you don’t have the adapter or you have forgotten the password, you can reset the access parameters to defaults, see Section 4.2.6, “Reset button”. 5.4. Basic setup For the first functionality test we recommend that you use the setup wizard. The wizard will guide you through basic functionality setup. Simply select Wizard in the web interface and proceed according to the information on the screen. Repeat for all RipEX’s in the test network.
Installation 6. Installation Step-by-step checklist 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Mount RipEX into cabinet (Section 6.1, “Mounting”). Install antenna (Section 6.2, “Antenna mounting”). Install feed line (Section 6.3, “Antenna feed line”). Ensure proper grounding (Section 6.4, “Grounding”). Run cables and plug-in all connectors except from the SCADA equipment (Section 4.2, “Connectors”). 6. Apply power supply to RipEX 7. Connect configuration PC (Section 5.3, “Connecting RipEX to a programming PC”). 8.
Installation Fig. 6.2: Flat widthwise mounting to DIN rail When tightening the screw on the clip, leave a 0,5 mm gap between the clip and the washer. Fig. 6.3: Clip mounting For vertical mounting to DIN rail, L-bracket (optional accessory) is used. Only use the M4×5 mm screws that are supplied. Use of improper screws may result in damage to the RipEX mainboard! Fig. 6.4: Vertical widthwise mounting to DIN rail Fig. 6.5: Vertical lengthwise mounting to DIN rail For more information see Section 4.
Installation 6.1.2. Flat mounting For flat mounting directly to the support you must use the Flat bracket (an optional accessory). Only use the M4×5 mm screws that are supplied. Use of improper screws may result in damage to the RipEX mainboard! Fig. 6.6: Flat mounting using Flat bracket Fig. 6.7: Vertical lengthwise mounting to DIN rail For more information see Section 4.6, “Accessories” – Flat-bracket. 6.1.3.
Installation Fig. 6.8: Rack shelf 6.1.4. Fan kit In extreme temperatures you can install an external fan kit for additional cooling. The fan kit installs using three screws driven into the openings on the bottom side of the RipEX. Use two pieces M4×6 mm screws and one screw M4×5 mm. Use of improper screws may result in damage to the RipEX mainboard! Fig. 6.9: Fan kit mounting 84 RipEX Radio modem & Router – © RACOM s.r.o.
Installation Fig. 6.10: RipEX with Fan kit and DIN rail clips The fan kit may be controlled using the Alarm Output (Control and Power connector, Section 4.2.2, “Power and Control” ), which is triggered when the temperature inside RipEX exceeds a set temperature (recommended) or it can run permanently (it should be connected in parallel to the RipEX’s power supply). Configuration of the Alarm Output is described in chapter Advanced Configuration, Device. For more information see Section 4.
Installation The antenna should never be installed close to potential sources of interference, especially electronic devices like computers or switching power supplies. A typical example of totally wrong placement is mount a whip antenna directly on top of the box containing all the industrial equipment which is supposed to communicate via RipEX, including all power supplies.
Installation 6.5. Connectors RipEX uses standard connectors. Use only standard counterparts to these connectors. You will find the connectors’ pin-outs in chapter Section 4.2, “Connectors”. 6.6. Power supply We do not recommend switching on the RipEX’s power supply before connecting the antenna and other devices. Connecting the RTU and other devices to RipEX while powered increases the likelihood of damage due to the discharge of difference in electric potentials.
Advanced Configuration 7. Advanced Configuration This chapter is identical with the content of Helps for individual menu. 7.1. Menu header 7.1.1. Generally RipEX can be easily managed from your computer using any web browser (Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Internet Explorer, etc.). If there is an IP connection between the computer and the respective RipEX, you can simply enter the IP address of any RipEX in the network directly in the browser address line and log in.
Advanced Configuration Connect Action button to connect to the remote RipEX, which is specified by the IP address in the Remote box. The Unit name in "Values from" box is changed accordingly afterwards. Disconnect When a Remote RipEX is sucessfully connected, the Disconnect button shows up. When the Disconnect process is executed, the Local RipEX (IP address in the Local box) can be managed and the Unit name in the "Values from" box changes accordingly. 7.2. Status Fig. 7.2: Menu Status 7.2.1.
Advanced Configuration Refresh - complete refresh of displayed values is performed. 7.3. Settings Fig. 7.3: Menu Settings 7.3.1. Device Unit name Default = NoName Each Unit may have its unique name – an alphanumeric string of up to 16 characters. Although UTF8 is supported, ASCII character has to be used on the first position in the Unit name. Following characters are not allowed: " (Double quote) ` (Grave accent) \ (Backslash) $ (Dollar symbol) ; (Semicolon) Important Unit name is solely for the user's
Advanced Configuration Default = Bridge Bridge Bridge mode is suitable for Point-to-Multipoint networks, where Master-Slave application with pollingtype communication protocol is used. RipEX in Bridge mode is as easy to use as a simple transparent device, while allowing for a reasonable level of communication reliability and spectrum efficiency in small to medium size networks.po In Bridge mode, the protocol on Radio channel does not have the collision avoidance capability.
Advanced Configuration • looping. These measures are not taken when the parameter "Number of repeaters" is zero, i.e. in a network without repeaters. Stream In this mode, the incoming bytes from a COM are immediately broadcast over the Radio channel. COM port driver does not wait for the end of a frame. When the first byte is coming from a COM, the transmission in the Radio channel starts with the necessary frame header.
Advanced Configuration • • • Note: The acknowledgement/retransmission scheme is an embedded part of the Radio protocol and works independently of any retries at higher protocol levels (e.g. TCP or user application protocol) ○ Off There is no requirement to receive ACK from the receiving RipEX. i.e. the packet is transmitted only once and it is not repeated. Retries [No] [0-15] Default = 3 When an acknowledge from the receiving RipEX is not received, the frame is retransmitted.
Advanced Configuration • Note 1: When Frame closing is set to Stream, TX Delay is not active. Note 2: There was the TX delay [ms] parameter in fw versions 1.3.x.x and older. It is not compatible with the TX Delay length [bytes]. The TX Delay probability is set to default (=0, Off) during a fw upgrade and it has to be set as needed. Router mode A TX Delay probability greater than 0 (typically below 50%) is used only in special situations when a collision dead-lock could occur.
Advanced Configuration ○ Start Time [HH:MM:SS] Fill in the Time in the required format when Auto Toggle mode starts on ”Start Date“ day. ○ Period [min.] Minimum value 60 min. Within this period units “A” and “B” will change their activities over. Unit “A” starts to operate at “Start Date and Time”. When “Period” minus “Unit B” time expires, controller switches to unit “B”. ○ Unit B [min.] Minimum value 5 min. Time when unit “B” will be active within “Period”. It has to be shorter than Period by 5 min.
Advanced Configuration • ■ Internal GPS – The source of time is the internal GPS. In this case only RipEX Time zone and Daylight saving parameters below are active. ○ Source IP Default = empty IP address of the NTP server, which provides Time source. Date and Time will be requested by RipEX from there. More NTP servers can be configured, the more servers, the better time accuracy.
Advanced Configuration ` (Grave accent) \ (Backslash) $ (Dollar symbol) ; (Semicolon) (Space) • When there is not any char. filled, default value (public) is used. SNMP Trap List box: Off, On Default = Off If “On”, SNMP alarm traps are activated. They are transmitted for Watched values according to the settings in Alarm management (Settings/Device/Alarm management or Routing/Backup).
Advanced Configuration 3. • "forward"). When this happens, you have to use the Reset button on the bottom side of the misconfigured RipEX (keep it pressed for 15 sec.) in order to set Default access. It restores the default Ethernet IP, default password, sets the L3 Firewall to Off, sets ARP proxy&VLAN settings to Off and Ethernet speed to Auto. L3 Firewall settings do not impact packets received and redirected from/to Radio channel.
Advanced Configuration Fig. 7.4: Menu Alarm management Note At least 10 values have to be included on average before it is checked for the possible alarm. Since different values are sampled over different periods, different times are required to obtain correct values: Ucc, Temp – approx. 10 sec. after booting PWR, VSWR - approx. 10 sec. after booting and after the first transmission Others – approx. 200 sec.
Advanced Configuration When Hot Standby is “On”, Alarm thresholds and HW alarm input are used internally for switching between units “A” and “B”. The “HW alarm input” parameter is changed to “Hot Standby active”. Also HW alarm output for Temperature is always On. Its thresholds can be Manually set in interval -50 to +90 °C (default -25 to +85 °C). • • • • SNMP Alarm and Detailed Graphs tick boxes can be used for information about switching between units “A” and “B”. HW Alarm Output List box: Off, N.O.
Advanced Configuration The transition from the SAVE to the ACTIVE state requires system boot and takes approximately 48 sec. The transition from the ACTIVE to the SAVE state takes about 4 seconds. SI hardware input (available from fw ver. 1.4.x.x) When in the SAVE state, the RipEX wakes up (starts the transition to the ACTIVE state) after a rising edge is registered at the SI hardware input (after the respective pin connection to the ground has been opened). If a pulse is sent to the SI input (i.e.
Advanced Configuration Default = 10 RipEX remains On for the set time from the moment when the sleep input pin has been grounded. When SI pin on Power and Control connector is not-grounded for 1 sec. (or more) during this Timeout, the timeout is reset and starts again. Note: when Hot Standby is “On”, Save and Sleep modes are not available. Wifi List box: Off, On Default = On When “On”, RipEX management can be executed over WiFi using the W1 - WIFI/USB adapter from RipEX accessories.
Advanced Configuration A Short for Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 - Pre-Shared Key. It is a method of securing your network using WPA2 with the use of Pre-Shared Key (PSK) authentication. To encrypt a network with WPA2-PSK you provide your router not with an encryption key, but rather with a plainEnglish passphrase between 13 and 64 characters long.
Advanced Configuration Neighbour = RipEX, which can be accessed directly over the Radio channel (not over Ethernet), i.e. without a repeater. The graph data is stored in files, each file contains 60 samples of all values. The sampling period can be configured. There are two types of graphs- Overview and Detail. Overview graphs cover a continuous time interval back from the present, they use relatively long sampling period. Detail graph is supposed to be used in case of a special event, e.g.
Advanced Configuration ○ HTTP Port Default = 80 Just for information, can not be changed. ○ HTTPS Port Default = 443 Just for information, can not be changed. ○ CLI List box: SSH, Off Default = SSH Comand Line Interface is accessible via the SSH protocol. If “Off”, CLI is inaccessible. The SSH keys are unique for each individual RipEX Serial number. The private key is downloaded in RipEX, for the public key kindly contact RACOM and provide the RipEX S/N.
Advanced Configuration The value entered must be within the frequency tuning range of the product as follows: RIPEX-135: 135–154 MHz RIPEX-154: 154–174 MHz RIPEX-300: 300–320 MHz RIPEX-320: 320–340 MHz RIPEX-340: 340–360 MHz RIPEX-368: 368–400 MHz RIPEX-400: 400–432 MHz RIPEX-432: 432–470 MHz RIPEX-470: 470–512 MHz RIPEX-928: 928–960 MHz RX frequency** Receiving frequency, the same format and rules apply.
Advanced Configuration • Modulation rate [kbps] List box: possible values Default = 20.83 | 4CPFSK Possible values in list box are dependent on the Mode setting. The two highest rates for 25 and 50 kHz channel spacing are available only when the corresponding SW feature key is active (Either the 166/83 kbps key or the Master key). Higher Modulation rates provide higher data speeds but they also result in poorer receiver sensitivity, i.e. reduced coverage range.
Advanced Configuration Note: Apart from this Optimization, there is an independent compression on the Radio channel, which works in both Operating modes, Bridge and Router. This compression is always On. Encryption AES 256 (Advanced Encryption Standard) can be used to protect your data from an intrusion on Radio channel. When AES 256 is On, control block of 16 Bytes length is attached to each frame on Radio channel. AES requires an encryption key. The length of key is 256 bits (32 Bytes, 64 hexa chars).
Advanced Configuration Fig. 7.6: Menu Ethernet IP Default = 192.168.169.169 IP address of ETH interface Mask Default = 255.255.255.0 Mask of ETH interface Default GW Default = 0.0.0.0 (= not active) When Operating mode is set to Bridge, it is the default gateway (applies to whole RipEX). When Operating mode is set to Router, it is not displayed here. Default GW can be set only in the Routing menu.
Advanced Configuration • • • • No of leases Default = 5 [1 - 255] Maximum number of DHCP client(s) which can RipEX simultaneously serve. It can not be more than the number of addresses available in the Start IP - End IP range. Lease timeout [DD:HH:MM:SS] Default = 1 day (max. 10 days) A DHCP Client has to ask DHCP Server for refresh of the received configuration within this timeout, otherwise the Lease expires and the same settings can be assigned to another device (MAC).
Advanced Configuration • • • • • TCP Inactivity [s] Default = 120 [0 - 16 380] TCP socket in RipEX is kept active after the receipt of data for the set number of seconds. Broadcast** List box: On, Off Default = Off Some Master SCADA units send broadcast messages to all Slave units. SCADA application typically uses a specific address for such messages. RipEX (Protocol utility) converts such message to an IP broadcast and broadcasts it to all RipEX units resp. to all SCADA units within the network.
Advanced Configuration The Address translation is defined in a table. There are no limitations like when the Mask translation is used. If there are more SCADA units on RS485 interface, their “Protocol addresses” translate to the same IP address and UDP port pair. There are 3 possibilities how to fill in aline in the table: 1. One "Protocol address" to one "IP address" (e.g.: 56 ===> 192.168.20.20) 2. Interval of "Protocol addresses" to one "IP address" (e.g.: 56 – 62 ===> 192.168.20.20) 3.
Advanced Configuration • Modbus TCP is used with local TCP sessions on slave sites or when combination of Modbus RTU 2 and Modbus TCP is used. For more information refer to Application note Modbus TCP/RTU This applies also to other SCADA protocol TCP versions, e.g. DNP3 TCP. Important The TCP (UDP) session operates only locally between the RipEX and the central computer, hence it does not increase the load on Radio channel.
Advanced Configuration 3. less be aware that any individual datagram can be lost. The locally run TCP sessions cannot guarantee 100% data integrity end-to-end. RipEX can handle up to 100 concurrent TCP proxy connections. List box: On, Off Default = Off • • • • • • • TCP Inactivity [s] Default = 120 Timeout in sec for which the TCP socket in RipEX is kept active after the last data reception or transmission. IP IP address or interval of IP addresses (e.g.: 192.168.20.20 – 192.168.20.
Advanced Configuration Unlimited number of VLANs can be set, but only for the ETH interface, not for the Radio one. VLAN is defined by VLAN ID and IP and Mask. Several different Subnets can be assigned to a VLAN. Each VLAN may be seen as a virtual ETH0.VLAN_ID interface. In addition to setting multiple VLANs, the original ETH0 interface may be left non-VLAN, i.e. for receiving/transmitting frames without a VLAN tag.
Advanced Configuration priority. These values can be used to prioritize different classes of traffic (voice, video, data, etc.). ○ Unit Manag. Tick when RipEX management shall be possible using this VLAN. Make sure Unit Management is On for one VLAN at least (typically the Eth0). Remember you could lose the connection to your RipEX. ○ ARP proxy Available only when Operating mode is set to Router.
Advanced Configuration according to the destination IP. The default UDP port numbers are COM1 = 8881, COM2 = 8882. If necessary they may be changed using CLI, nevertheless it is recommended to stick to the default values because of dependencies between different settings (e.g. Protocols) in the network. Important UDP port settings is valid only in Router mode. In Bridge mode all packets received by COM port are broadcasted to all COM ports on all RipEXes within the network. Fig. 7.
Advanced Configuration Default = None Wikipedia: Parity is a method of detecting errors in transmission. When parity is used with a serial port, an extra data bit is sent with each data character, arranged so that the number of 1-bits in each character, including the parity bit, is always odd or always even. If a byte is received with the wrong number of 1s, then it must have been corrupted. However, an even number of errors can pass the parity check.
Advanced Configuration configuration parameters, which are described in separate Help page (accessible from configuration light box Protocol - click on Protocol, then on Help). Protocol “None” simply discards any data received by the COM port or from the network, which means that the respective COM port is virtually disconnected from the RipEX. 7.3.5. Protocols Fig. 7.8: Menu Protocols COM Generally Each SCADA protocol like Modbus, DNP3, IEC101, DF1 etc.
Advanced Configuration other special protocol daemon on Ethernet like Modbus TCP etc. The datagram is then processed accordingly to the respective settings. RipEX uses a unique, sophisticated protocol on Radio channel. This protocol ensures high probability of data delivery. It also guarantees data integrity even under heavy interference or weak signal conditions due to the 32 bit CRC used, minimises the probability of collision and retransmits frame when a collision happens, etc., etc.
Advanced Configuration In a SCADA protocol, each SCADA unit has a unique address, a "Protocol address". In RipEX Radio network, each SCADA unit is represented by an IP address (typically that of ETH interface) and a UDP port (that of the protocol daemon or the COM port server to which the SCADA device is connected via serial interface). A translation between "Protocol address" and the IP address & UDP port pair has to be done. It can be done either via Table or via Mask.
Advanced Configuration • • • • • IP address to which Protocol address will be translated. This IP address is used as destination IP address in UDP datagram in which serial SCADA packet received from COM1(2) is encapsulated. UDP port (Interface) This is UDP port number which is used as destination UDP port in UDP datagram in which the serial SCADA message, received from COM1(2), is encapsulated. Note You may add a note to each address up to 16 characters long for your convenience. (E.g.
Advanced Configuration Underlined parameters are described in Common parameters. Mode of Connected device Master Address translation Table Mask Slave • Protocol frames List box: 1C,2C,3C,4C Default = 1C One of the possible C24 Protocol frames can be selected. • Frames format List box: Format1,Format2,Format3,Format4,Format5 Default = Format1 One of the possible C24 Frames formats can be selected.
Advanced Configuration Slave Broadcast accept • Max gap timeout [ms] Default = 30 The longest time gap for which a frame can be interrupted and still received successfully as one frame. It should not be set below 10ms, while 15–40 ms should be OK for a typical Cactus protocol device. Comli Comli is a serial polling-type communication protocol used by Master-Slave application.
Advanced Configuration frame to the connected device and waits for the ACK. If the ACK is not received within 1 sec. timeout, RipEX sends ENQ (0x1005). ENQ and ACK are not generated for broadcast packets. DNP3 Each frame in the DNP3 protocol contains the source and destination addresses in its header, so there is no difference between Master and Slave in terms of the RipEX configuration. The DNP3 allows both Master-Slave polling as well as spontaneous communication from remote units.
Advanced Configuration Broadcast from Master station is generated when address byte is 0x00. ■ SINAUT The sequence of Address byte and Control byte in the frame is changed-over. Broadcast from Master station is generated when address byte is 0x00. ITT Flygt ITT Flygt is a serial polling-type communication protocol used in Master-Slave applications. ITT Flygt protocol configuration uses all parameters described in Common parameters.
Advanced Configuration Broadcast Address translation Table Mask Slave Broadcast accept Profibus RipEX supports Profibus DP (Process Field Bus, Decentralized Periphery) the widest-spread version of Profibus. The Profibus protocol configuration uses all parameters described in Common parameters. Mode of Connected device Master Broadcast Address translation Table Mask Slave Broadcast accept RP570 RP570 is a serial polling-type communication protocol used in Master-Slave applications.
Advanced Configuration slave is out of order, the central RipEX stops local answering to RB packets from the master for the respective slave. • RB Net period [s] Default = 10 The RipEX responds to the RB packets locally and in the set RB period the RB packets are transferred over the network. • RB Net timeout [s] Default = 10 (maximum=8190) Whenever an RB packet is sent over the network, the set RB Net timeout starts.
Advanced Configuration Siemens 3964(R) The 3964 protocol is utilized by the Siemens Company as a Point-to-Point connection between two controllers. Meanwhile it has developed into an industry standard that can be found on many devices as a universal communications interface. 3964R is the same as 3964, in addition it only uses BCC (Block Check Character). 3964(R) handles only the link layer (L2 in OSI model), hence RipEX uses a similar way to read “SCADA address” as in UNI protocol.
Advanced Configuration Default = 1000 (min. 300, max. 8190) • • RipEX expects a response (DLE) from the connected device (RTU) within the set timeout. If it is not received, RipEX repeats the frame according to the “Retries” setting. Retries [No] Default = 3 (min. 0, max. 7) When DLE timeout is „On“, and DLE packet is not received from the connected device (RTU) within the set DLE timeout, RipEX retransmits the frame. The number of possible retries is specified.
Advanced Configuration Note: Peer IP and Peer IP mask defines IP subnet which is automatically routed to respective COM. This subnet can not overlap with any other subnet in RipEX defined on Radio, ETH or VLAN. UNI UNI is the "Universal" protocol utility designed by RACOM. It is supposed to be used when the application protocol is not in the RipEX list and the addressed mode of communication is preferable in the network (which is a typical scenario).
Advanced Configuration List box: On, Off Default = On On – The Master accepts only one response per a request and it must come from the the specific remote to which the request has been sent. All other packets are discarded. This applies to the Master - Slave communication scheme. Note: It may happen, that a response from a slave (No.1) is delivered after the respective timeout expired and the Master generates the request for the next slave (No.2) in the meantime. In such case the delayed response from No.
Advanced Configuration 7.4. Routing Routing table is active only when Router mode (Settings/Device/Operating mode) is set. In such a case RipEX works as a standard IP router with 2 independent interfaces: Radio and ETH. Each interface has its own MAC address, IP address and Mask. IP packets are then processed according the Routing table. Unlimited number of Subnets and VLAN’s can be defined on the ETH interface, menu Settings/Device/ARP proxy & VLAN. They are routed independently.
Advanced Configuration Routes Destination, Mask, Gateway Each IP packet, received by RipEX through any interface (Radio, ETH, COM1 or COM2), has got a destination IP address. RipEX (router) forwards the received packet either directly to the destination IP address or to the respective Gateway, according to the Routing table. Any Gateway has to be within the network defined by IP and Mask of one of the interfaces (Radio, ETH), otherwise the packet is discarded.
Advanced Configuration Backup RipEX is capable to test path between two RipEX IP addresses (even behind a repeater or LAN). When the connection fails, RipEX automatically uses alternative gateway(s) defined in the Alternative paths column with the priority according to the line sequence. The system always tries to use the route with the highest priority, e.g. automatically switches back when the failed route starts to work. Hello packets are used for path testing.
Advanced Configuration List box: possible values Default = 87.5 When a lower percentage of Hello packets than set has been delivered to the counterpart, the unit switches to the next alternative gateway in the line. (The info about successfully delivered outbound Hello packets are carried by received Hello packets) ○ RSS [-dBm] Default = Off [255= Off] Hello packets carry the info about average RSS (saved in respective Statistic table) on each radio hop on its way.
Advanced Configuration 7.5. Diagnostic 7.5.1. Neighbours and Statistic Fig. 7.10: Menu Neighbours Neighbours and Statistics follow the same pattern. Most importantly, they share a common time frame. One Log save period and one Difference log (pair of Clear and Display buttons) apply to both logs. For both logs there is a history of 20 log files available, so the total history of saved values is 20 days (assuming the default value of 1440 min. is used as Log save period).
Advanced Configuration • Notice, that the Log start, Last upd. and Log uptime labels at the top change to Diff. start, Diff. upd. and Diff. uptime when the Difference log is displayed. They show the respective values for Difference log. History There is a possibility to display history logs using standard buttons. They are placed on the left side of the button bar. The Refresh button displays the latest log values. Top bar • • • • • Date Information about the actual date and time in the RipEX.
Advanced Configuration • • • • red background indicates, that the item is monitored for alarm and its average value is in the alarm range (Settings/Device/Alarm management) when the value of RSS, DQ, Ucc, Temp, PWR, VSWR is not known, N/A is displayed. These N/A values are not displayed in Graphs Ucc, Temp, PWR, VSWR are refreshed every 1s.
Advanced Configuration Statistic Fig. 7.11: Menu Statistic Statistic log provides information about communication on all interfaces: Radio, ETH, COM1, COM2 and ETH Protocols (Modus TCP, Terminal servers, TCP proxy). VLAN packets are part of ETH. Balloon tips provide on line help for all column names. These tips explain the meanings and the way of calculation of individual values. Meaning of IP addresses listed: Rx - for received (Rx) packets, the IP source address from UDP header is displayed.
Advanced Configuration 7.5.2. Graphs Graphs functions as well as meanings of Overview, Detail, Sampling period are described in the help Settings/Device. Fig. 7.12: Menu Graphs • • • • Sampling period Here just for information, to be set in Settings/Graphs. File period File period corresponds to the time, for which the values have been recorded in the file.
Advanced Configuration • • • • • • List of IP addresses of RipEX units from which the graph values are available. The list of recorded units can be set in Settings/Device/Graphs. More in help Settings/Device. 1st line List box: possible values Default = TxLost There is a list of values, which can be displayed. These values are also recorded in Neighbours or Statistic files. Their meanings can be found in help Neighbours&Statistic.
Advanced Configuration 7.5.3. Tools Ping Fig. 7.13: Menu Ping Ping (Packet InterNet Groper) is a utility used to test the reachability of a particular host on an IP network. It operates by sending echo request packets to the target host and waiting for an echo response. In the process it measures the rtt (round trip time - the time from transmission to reception) and records any packet loss. The source IP address of Ping in RipEX is always the IP address of Radio interface.
Advanced Configuration ■ Ping Type List box: ICMP, RSS Default = RSS ○ ICMP This is a standard ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) ping. It can be used against either RipEX or any device connected to RipEX Radio network. ○ RSS RSS Ping Type uses a special UDP packets and provides extension report which includes: • RSS and DQ information for each radio hop for each individual ping • RSS and DQ statistic (average, min., max.
Advanced Configuration time = rtt (round trip time), the time from transmission of ICMP echo request to reception of ICMP echo response • Statistic report: "5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4002ms" "rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 327.229/377.519/462.590/45.516 ms" time = total time of ping utility (From Start to Stop buttons) rtt min/avg/max/mdev = round trip time, minimal/average/maximal/standard deviation ○ RSS • Run-time report: "131 bytes from 192.168.131.243: seq=1 rtt=0.805s" "10.10.10.
Advanced Configuration "rtt histogram (time interval in sec.: %, count)" " 0.000 - 2.500: 100.00% 5" XXXXXXXXXX " 2.500 - 5.000: 0.00% 0" " 5.000 - 7.500: 0.00% 0" " 7.500 - 10.000: 0.00% 0" "10.000 - inf: 0.00% 0" There is the distribution of rtt (round trip times) of received pings. Time intervals in the table are 1/4 of the Timeout set in ping parameters. The XXXX... characters at the end of the line form a simple bar chart.
Advanced Configuration COM1, COM2), some internal interfaces between software modules can be monitored when such advanced diagnostics is needed. Monitoring output can be viewed on-line or saved to a file in the RipEX (e.g. a remote RipEX) and downloaded later. Description of internal interfaces can be found below. ■ Interfaces Tick boxes: RADIO, COM1, COM2, ETH, Internal When ticked, the setting for the respective interface(s) is enabled.
Advanced Configuration ○ IP dst IP destination address range in the following format: aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd/mask ○ Port src TCP/UDP source port (range) in the following format: aaaa(-bbbb) ○ Port dst TCP/UDP destination port (range) in the following format: aaaa(-bbbb) ○ Include reverse Tick box. When ticked, the frames defined by the IP src (or the IP dst) and the Port src (or the Port dst) will be displayed from both route directions, i.e.
Advanced Configuration List box: On, Off Default = Off • Off – Radio Link Control Frames (e.g. ACK frames) are never displayed. • On – Radio Link Control Frames which pass the other monitoring filters are displayed ○ Bridge mode ○ Router mode Tick boxes. When RADIO interface is in the Promiscuous mode, the unit is capable to monitor (receive) the frames which are transmitted in different operation modes (Bridge x Router) from the one set in this unit.
Advanced Configuration ■ Internal - RADIO (router): ○ Headers: List box: None, Packet (IP), Frame (ETH) Default: None • None – Only the payload data is displayed, e.g. the data part of a UDP datagram. • Packet (IP) – Headers up to Packet layer are included, i.e. the full IP packet is displayed. • Frame (ETH) – The full Ethernet frame is displayed, i.e. including the ETH header ■ Monitoring output control ○ Show time diff. Tick box.
Advanced Configuration Internal interfaces are the interfaces between a SW module and the central router module. All these interfaces can be located in Fig. 1 below: Radio Modem Unit Rx Rx Rx Rx COM1 RADIO Tx COM PORTS MODULE Rx COM2 Tx Tx Tx ROUTER & BRIDGE MODULE RADIO CHANNEL MODULE Tx Rx ETH Tx Tx Rx virtual com/TCP ethernet TERMINAL & MODBUS TCP & TCP PROXY SERVERS Fig. 7.15: Monitoring • • • • The central router and bridge module acts as a standard IP router or bridge, i.e.
Advanced Configuration "Bridge stream DB-header" is header of Data block transmitted while Operating mode is Bridge and Frame closing (COM's) is Stream. Displayed while "RADIO" (Rx) interface is monitored as part of a packet header. ○ Data CRC error Data CRC error. • Displayed while "RADIO" (Rx) interface is monitored as part of a packet header. Warnings (yellow background) ○ Record sequence problem – reconfiguration? There is a problem in sequence of records.
Advanced Configuration Displayed while "Internal-RADIO" (Tx) interface is being monitored as part of a packet header. ○ Frame reception cancelled Monitoring of ETH interface has been stopped. Probably because of unsupported or wrong 'tcpdump' syntax in Monitoring/ETH/Advanced parameters/User rule. Can be displayed on an independent line while ETH interface is being monitored ○ Duplicated frame Duplicated frame has been detected. It is discarded.
Advanced Configuration 7.6. Maintenance 7.6.1. SW feature keys Fig. 7.16: Menu SW feature keys Certain advanced RipEX features have to be activated by software keys. On the right side one may see the list of available keys and their respective status values. Possible status values are: • • • • • Not present Active Active (timeout dd:hh:mm:ss) – the key can be time limited. For such a key, the remaining time of activity is displayed (1d 07:33:20).
Advanced Configuration 7.6.2. Configuration Fig. 7.17: Menu Maintenance Configuration • UNIT ○ Back up – Back up saves the active configuration into a backup file in the unit. ○ Restore – configuration saved in the backup file in the unit is activated and the unit reboots itself. ○ Factory settings – sets the factory defaults and activates them. Neighbours, Statistic and Graphs databases are cleared. The unit reboots afterwards.
Advanced Configuration • Upload to Archive – Fill in Firmware file, or browse your disk in order to find the file. When a file is selected and the “Upload to Archive” button pressed, it is uploaded and becomes the Archive firmware. Note it is recommended to do this only over reliable Ethernet connections and not over the Radio channel. • • Archive to Active – when pressed, the Active firmware is substituted by the Archive firmware.
Advanced Configuration It is highly recommended to change default password (admin) even if the user name remains always the same (admin). When the Apply button is pressed, the unit reboots. 7.6.5. Miscellaneous • • Reboot – when pressed, the unit correctly shuts down and starts again (performs the cold start which equals to a power cycle). The reboot time is approx. 25 sec. BRC Radio MAC – when pressed, an ARP reply packet is broadcasted over the Radio channel. When e.g.
Advanced Configuration 7.6.8. Technical support package Fig. 7.20: Menu Maintenance Configuration Technical support package is the file where some internal events are recorded. It can be used by RACOM technical support when a deeper diagnostic is required. The most recent part of it can be downloaded to the local PC. • Log depth List box: possible values Default = 500 This is the number of rows downloaded. The greater the number of rows, the longer the history to be found in the file.
CLI Configuration 8. CLI Configuration CLI interface (Command Line Interface) is an alternative to web access. You can work with the CLI interface in text mode using an appropriate client, either ssh (putty) or telnet. CLI “login” and “password” are the same as those for web access via browser. Access using ssh keys is also possible. Keys are unique for each individual RipEX Serial number. Private key is downloaded in RipEX, for public key kindly contact RACOM and provide RipEX S/N.
Troubleshooting 9. Troubleshooting 1. 2. I don’t know what my RipEX’s IP is – how do I connect? • Use the "X5" – external ETH/USB adapter and a PC as a DHCP client. Type 10.9.8.7 into your browser’s location field. • Alternatively, you can reset your RipEX to default access by pressing the Reset button for a long time, see Section 4.2.6, “Reset button” . Afterwards, you can use the IP 192.168.169.169/24 to connect to the RipEX.
Troubleshooting arp -d 192.168.169.169 or delete the entire table by typing: arp -d * 5. Then you can ping the newly connected RipEX again. I have assigned the RipEX a new IP address and my PC lost connection to it. 6. • Change the PC’s IP address so that it is on the same subnet as the RipEX. I entered the Router mode and lost connection to the other RipEX’s. 7. • Enter correct data into the routing tables in all RipEX’s. The RSS Ping test shows low RSS for the required speed. • 8.
Safety, environment, licensing 10. Safety, environment, licensing 10.1. Frequency The radio modem must be operated only in accordance with the valid frequency license issued by national frequency authority and all radio parametres have to be set exactly as listed. Important Use of frequencies between 406.0 and 406.1 MHz is worldwide-allocated only for International Satellite Search and Rescue System.
Safety, environment, licensing 160 MHz/2 m band – 5 W RF power OV160.2 stacked double dipole 7.6 5.8 190 90 SA160.3 5 element directional Yagi 8.0 6.3 200 90 SA160.5 9 element directional Yagi 12.5 17.8 330 150 160 MHz/2 m band – 4 W RF power Dist. where the FCC limits are met for Antenna code Antenna description OV160.1 single dipole 4.6 2.9 120 60 OV160.2 stacked double dipole 7.6 5.8 170 80 SA160.3 5 element directional Yagi 8.0 6.3 180 80 SA160.
Safety, environment, licensing 160 MHz/2 m band – 1 W RF power SA160.5 9 element directional Yagi 12.5 17.8 150 70 160 MHz/2 m band – 0.5 W RF power Dist. where the FCC limits are met for Antenna code Antenna description OV160.1 single dipole 4.6 2.9 45 20 OV160.2 stacked double dipole 7.6 5.8 60 30 SA160.3 5 element directional Yagi 8.0 6.3 70 30 SA160.5 9 element directional Yagi 12.5 17.
Safety, environment, licensing 300–400 MHz/70 cm band – 4 W RF power SA380.3 3 element directional Yagi 7.6 5.8 110 50 SA380.5 5 element directional Yagi 8.7 7.4 130 60 SA380.9 9 element directional Yagi 12.5 17.8 200 90 300–400 MHz/70 cm band – 3 W RF power Dist. where the FCC limits are met for Antenna code Antenna description OV380.1 single dipole 4.6 2.9 70 30 OV380.2 stacked double dipole 7.6 5.8 100 45 SA380.3 3 element directional Yagi 7.6 5.8 100 45 SA380.
Safety, environment, licensing 300–400 MHz/70 cm band – 0.5 W RF power OV380.1 single dipole 4.6 2.9 30 15 OV380.2 stacked double dipole 7.6 5.8 40 20 SA380.3 3 element directional Yagi 7.6 5.8 40 20 SA380.5 5 element directional Yagi 8.7 7.4 45 20 SA380.9 9 element directional Yagi 12.5 17.8 70 30 Tab. 10.3: Minimum Safety Distance 928–960 MHz 928–960 MHz – 8 W RF power Dist. where the FCC limits are met for Antenna code Antenna description OV900.1 single dipole 4.65 2.
Safety, environment, licensing mentation for specific battery information. Batteries are marked with a symbol, which may include lettering to indicate cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), or mercury (Hg). For proper recycling return the battery to your supplier or to a designated collection point. 10.5.
Safety, environment, licensing See Fig. 10.2, “ATEX C ertificate RipEX” 10.6.
Safety, environment, licensing The program (binary version) is available for free on the contacts listed on http://www.racom.eu. This product contains open source or another software originating from third parties subject to GNU General Public License (GPL), GNU Library / Lesser General Public License (LGPL) and / or further author licences, declarations of responsibility exclusion and notifications.
Safety, environment, licensing Declaration of Conformity – RipEX We Manufacturer: RACOM Address: Mirova 1283, 592 31 Nove Mesto na Morave, Czech Republic VAT: CZ46343423 declare under our own responsibility that the product Product: RipEX-160 RipEX-300 RipEX-400 Purpose of use: Radio modem & Router to which this declaration relates is in conformity with the essential requirements and other relevant requirements of the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council 1999/5/EC on radio equi
Safety, environment, licensing © RACOM s.r.o.
Safety, environment, licensing 172 RipEX Radio modem & Router – © RACOM s.r.o.
Safety, environment, licensing Fig. 10.2: ATEX C ertificate RipEX © RACOM s.r.o.
Safety, environment, licensing 1 IECEx Cerification is available on http://iecex.iec.ch/iecex/iecexweb.ns OpenDocument web page. 10.9. Compliance Federal Communications Commission Tab. 10.5: Compliance Federal Communications Commission Code FCC part FCC ID RipEX-135 90 SQT-RIPEX-135 RipEX-154 90 SQT-RIPEX-154 RipEX-400 90 SQTRA400-400 RipEX-432 90 SQTRA400-432 RipEX-470 90 pending RipEX-928 101 SQT-RIPEX-928 1 http://iecex.iec.ch/iecex/iecexweb.
Safety, environment, licensing 10.10. Country of Origin Country of Origin Declaration Manufacturer: RACOM s.r.o. Address: Mirova 1283, 592 31 Nove Mesto na Morave, Czech Republic VAT No: CZ46343423 We, the manufacturer, hereby declare that Country of Origin of the RipEX Radio modem & Router and its accessories is the Czech Republic, EU.
Safety, environment, licensing 10.11. Warranty RACOM-supplied parts or equipment ("equipment") is covered by warranty for inherently faulty parts and workmanship for a warranty period as stated in the delivery documentation from the date of dispatch to the customer. The warranty does not cover custom modifications to software.
OID mappings Appendix A. OID mappings "MIB tables", and whole file "OID mappings" can be downloaded from: 1 http://www.racom.eu/eng/products/radio-modem-ripex.html#download More details are described in Application note: 2 See RipEX App notes, SNMP 1 2 http://hnilux.racom.cz:3004/eng/products/radio-modem-ripex.html#download http://www.racom.eu/eng/products/m/ripex/app/snmp.html © RACOM s.r.o.
Abbreviations Appendix B. Abbreviations ACK Acknowledgement MDIX Medium dependent interface crossover AES Advanced Encryption Standard MIB Management Information Base ATM Automated teller machine NMS Network Management System BER Bit Error Rate N.C. Normally Closed CLI Command Line Interface N.O.
Abbreviations TCP Transmission Control Protocol TS5 Terminal server 5 TX Transmitter UDP User Datagram Protocol VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio WEEE Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment © RACOM s.r.o.
Index Symbols 10. Feedline cable, 74 A accessories, 67 addressing bridge, 17 router, 21 alarm in/out, 45 management, 98 antenna, 43 dummy load, 74, 76 mounting, 85 separated, 64 E environment, 162 ETH param.
Index bracket, 70, 82 DIN rail, 81 rack, 71, 83 multipath propagation, 33 N neighbours, 103, 138 network example, 23 layout, 35 planning, 29 networkt management, 26 sensitivity, 54 sleep, 45, 52 SNMPl, 96 standards, 12 statistics, 103, 140 stream, 92 supply connection, 44, 46, 87 consumption, 52, 100 SW feature keys, 154 T ordering code, 64 output hw, 45 technical parameters, 51 technical support, 158 Terminal server, 113 time, 95 troubleshooting, 160 P U O part number, 64 password, 156 ping menu,
Revision History Appendix C. Revision History Revision This manual was prepared to cover a specific version of firmware code. Accordingly, some screens and features may differ from the actual unit you are working with. While every reasonable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this publication, product improvements may also result in minor differences between the manual and the product shipped to you. Revision 1.1 First issue 2011-08-31 Revision 1.
