INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL 1xE1, 2xE1 AND 4xE1 (2.048 Mbps) SPREAD SPRECTRUM RADIOS (2.4 AND 5.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 Installation and Maintenance Manual Copyright © 1998 by Glenayre Western Multiplex. All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced without prior written permission from Glenayre Western Multiplex. The information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 Regulatory Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 WARRANTY (e) Glenayre Western Multiplex shall at its cost, ship the repaired item or replacement to any destination within the United States of America by carrier and method of delivery chosen by Glenayre Western Multiplex. If the Customer has requested some other form of conveyance, such as express shipping, or is located beyond the USA borders, then the Customer shall pay to the cost of return shipment. 2.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 LIMITATIONS ON DAMAGES (North America) 6.1 THE WARRANTY STATED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS THE CUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY FOR THE EQUIPMENT; GLENAYRE WESTERN MULTIPLEX SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND OF MERCHANTABILITY. 6.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 CONDITIONS OF SALE 5.1 The Customer shall pay for all Equipment, including shipping and insurance in accordance with the terms of the Invoice. 5.2 All Invoices for North American Customers are due and payable in thirty (30) days from the date of the Invoice. 5.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF AGREEMENT 15.1 If either party is successful in any litigation between the parties based on the Agreement, the successful party shall recover from the other, in addition to direct damages, the successful party's reasonable attorney's fees and other costs of litigation. SHORTAGES 9.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 Table of Contents 1. HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL .................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 1.2 2. MANUAL ORGANIZATION ............................................................................................................................ 1-1 ICONS........................................................................................
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.6 MOUNTING THE LYNX.SC ....................................................................................................................... 3-15 3.7 POWER CONNECTION AND W IRING ........................................................................................................ 3-16 3.7.1 DC Power Wiring ..........................................................................................................
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 1. 2. General Characteristics ............................................................................................................................. 5-1 Specifications at the output ports............................................................................................................... 5-1 APPENDIX B - REAR PANEL DIP SWITCHES .........................................................................
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 FIGURE C-1: VF PORT CONNECTION .......................................................................................................................... 5-9 FIGURE C-2: ALARM PORT CONNECTIONS .................................................................................................................. 5-9 FIGURE C-3: DIAGNOSTIC PORT 9-PIN D-STYLE CONNECTOR .........................................................
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 1. How to Use This Manual 1.1 Manual Organization The Installation and Maintenance Manual provides information required to install and maintain the LYNX.sc and to use its many features to the fullest advantage. This manual is divided into the following sections: Section 1 Provides instructions on how to most effectively utilize the information in this manual.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 1.2 Icons Throughout this manual, the following icons are used to highlight areas of special interest and importance.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 2. Product Description 2.1 General Description The LYNX.sc Spread Spectrum radios provide a new level of control and convenience in a digital communications network. The LYNX.sc radios carries up to four E1 signals between two locations without the delay and expense of installing cable or traditional microwave. Because each owner controls the operation of the link, there is no reliance on any outside services. LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 2.2 Specifications All specifications are subject to change without notice. 2.2.1 Transmitter All Models Frequency Selection Rear Panel DIP switches; 7-cavity RF filter assembly Modulation OQPSK Coding Direct Sequence Number of Codes 4 (Rear Panel DIP switch selectable) Output Power (typ.) Output Power (min.) Control Range 2.4 GHz E1 +30 dBm +27 dBm 16 dB min. 2.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 2.2.2 Antenna / Antenna Coupling Unit All Models Mechanics External antenna Antenna Connection N-type female Impedance 50 ohms Recommended Antenna (not included) 2.4 GHz 4, 6, or 8 foot parabolic 5.8 GHz 2, 4, 6, or 8 foot parabolic Gain & Beamwidth (3 dB) 2 ft Antenna 4 ft Antenna 6 ft Antenna 8 ft Antenna N/A 27 dB / 7° 31 dB / 5° 33.5 dB / 3.5° 29 dB / 6° 35 dB / 3° 38 dB / 2° 41 dB / 1.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 2.2.3 Receiver All Models Nominal Receive Level -30 to -60 dBm Maximum Receive Level 0 dBm error free, +10 dBm no damage Frequency Selection Rear Panel DIP switches, 7-cavity RF filter assembly Processing Gain 10 dB minimum Threshold Rx Level -6 (BER = 10 ) Frequency Range Threshold Rx Level (BER = 10 6) Frequency Range PAGE 2-4 2.4 GHz 1 x E1 -93 dBm 2.4 GHz 2 x E1 (future product) -85 dBm 2400 2483.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 2.2.4 System (Single Hop Performance) All Models -11 Error Floor Dispersive Fade Margin 10 58 dB, typical Transmission delay (radio only) (10 mile path) 250 µsec, maximum 300 µsec, maximum System Gain* --USA-2.4 GHz** -----------------------NO EIRP LIMIT -----------------------2.4 GHz E1 5.8 GHz 1xE1 5.8 GHz 2xE1 0.6m Antennas N/A N/A 160 dB 158 dB 1.2m Antennas 166 dB 169 dB 172 dB 170 dB 1.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 System (Single Hop Performance) Transmit Frequencies 2.4 GHz 1xE1 2.4 GHz 2xE1 5.8 GHz 1xE1 5.8 GHz 2xE1 5.8 GHz 4xE1 (future prod.) A1 channel 2410 MHz 2421 MHz 5735 MHz 5741 MHz 5735 MHz A2 channel 2453 MHz 2462.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 2.2.5 Digital Line Interface All Models Data Rate 2.048 Mbps Digital Interface * CEPT-1 Connector BNC female unbalanced, 75 ohm (optional 120 ohm balanced balun available) Blue Code ** Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) Remote Loopback Internal or external test signal (rear panel DIP switch selectable) * Meets ITU-T G.703.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 2.2.6 Auxiliary Connections All Models Orderwire Interface 2-wire, 4-pin modular jack, female (RJ-11) REN (Ringer Equivalency Number) 1.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 2.2.7 Temperature and Environment All Models Operating Temperature Range -30 to +65°C Humidity 95% non-condensing Altitude 4,500 meters, maximum 2.2.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 2.2.9 Regulatory Information 2.4 GHz 1xE1* 2.4 GHz 2xE1 (future product) FCC Identifier HZB-LYNX32 TBD FCC Rule Parts 15.247 15.247 Industry Canada ID 522 102 415A TBD IC Rule Parts RSS 210 RSS 139 ETSI ETS 300-328 and -826 (pending) 5.8 GHz 1xE1* 5.8 GHz 2xE1* 5.8 GHz 4xE1* FCC Identifier HZB-LYNX36 HZB-LYNX46 HZB-LYNX86 FCC Rule Parts 15.247 15.247 15.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 2.3 2.3.1 Front Panel Description General The LYNX.sc radio front panels, as shown in Figure 2-1 through 2-3, have LED indicators, test points, controls and connections that are used for installation, maintenance, operation and troubleshooting. Prior to installation, it is best to be familiar with the front panel of your particular model. Sections 2.3.2 through 2.3.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 2.3.2 ON Test Points / Power Indicator This is an LED indication. When lit GREEN, the LYNX.sc is powered. The LYNX.sc radio products do not have an on/off switch. GND This is a test point referenced to chassis ground. This is used in conjunction with the next two test points to measure voltages related to radio performance. RSL This is a test point which relates to the Received Signal Level (RSL).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 2.3.3 Alarm and Status Indicators DATA LOSS When lit RED, this is an alarm condition indicating that the LYNX.sc radio is not receiving E1 input data on the corresponding data input channel. This alarm function can be disabled by rear panel DIP switch setting (see Section 2.4.4). Under data loss condition, the local transmitter injects AIS (Alarm Indication Signal). BER This is the Bit Error Rate (BER) alarm.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 2.3.4 Controls Loopback is a test method used which transmits either an internal or external E1 test signal and loops this E1 signal back at the far-end radio (retransmits the signal back to the near end). The near end then receives the signal.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 2.3.5 Connections ORDERWIRE This connection is used to access the orderwire function. This is a facility for "telephone" style service from one radio to another. A standard electronic telephone [one with a handset and DTMF (push-button tone) dialing] plugs into this connector. The user can dial the orderwire address of the far-end radio (or any radio in the LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 2.4 Rear Panel Description The LYNX.sc radio rear panel, as shown in Figures 2-4 through 2-6, has connections and DIP switches that are used for installation, maintenance, operation and trouble-shooting. Prior to installation, you should familiarize yourself with the rear panel.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 2.4.1 RF Connection The RF port of the LYNX.sc radio is an N-type female connector that is an integral part of the filter assembly. The filter assembly occupies nearly the entire top half of the rear panel. The N-Type connector is used to connect the antenna, typically using coaxial transmission line.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 2.4.2 DATA Connections The connection for the CEPT-1 (E1) interface is shown in Figure 2-7 as J1 through J4 (additionally J5 through J8 on the 4xE1 model). These connections carry the E1 signals in and out of the radio. Multiple capacity (2xE1 and 4xE1) provide extra sets of input and output ports to connect each E1 signal.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 2.4.3 Auxiliary Data Connections There are 5 auxiliary data connections for LYNX.sc as shown in Figure 2-4 through Figure 2-6. VF This connector is used to link two LYNX.sc radios at a repeater site for Orderwire operation. This would allow orderwire "telephone" calls to and from any point in the LYNX.sc network. The LYNX.sc orderwire circuit can also be connected to other existing orderwire networks.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 2.4.4 Switches There are two sets of 8-segment DIP switches (SW1 & SW3) and two rotary switches (Address TENS and ONES), as shown in Figures 2-4 through 2-6 on the rear panel of the LYNX.sc radio. These switches provide user configuration of several radio parameters. A brief explanation for each function follows. Refer to the switch setting detail in Appendix B for your particular model.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 SW2 Interface Connection These switch segments allow the user to have the shield of each CEPT-1 input connection either grounded or floating. The shield is normally “floating” to eliminate ground loop problems. (see Section 3.11) SW3 Spreading Code This set of switch segments allow the user to select the spreading code for the spread spectrum signal. Both ends of a radio system must be set to the same code.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 2.5 Installation Accessories The LYNX.sc radio is shipped with several accessories commonly required for the radio as described below: AC Power Supply If ordered as an option, this power supply provides AC to DC conversion for use with AC powered locations. AC Power Cord This power cord connects the AC Power Supply, if ordered, to a standard 115V U.S. AC outlet.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 Your Notes on the LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3. Installation & Adjustments 3.1 Shipping Container The equipment is shipped in boxes unless ordered as an integrated system and configured at the factory, in which case the equipment may be racked and shipped in a crate. The equipment is packaged so as to prevent damage in transit. The boxes should be left intact and sheltered until arrival at the installation site.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.2 Packing Items Identification The primary shipping container houses the radio and an additional box. The box contains several related items inside including: PAGE 3-2 ❖ This manual ❖ Installation accessory kit (see Section 2.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.3 Before Installation Task List There are several tasks that should be accomplished prior to installing the LYNX.sc radio system.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.3.2 Line-of-Sight and Path Clearance Guidelines The LYNX.sc radios will not operate properly unless they have line-of-sight between their corresponding antennas. The LYNX.sc radio transmission will not pass through trees or other obstacles.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.3.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.3.4 Fade Margin Calculation The fade margin is the difference between the actual received signal and the radio’s threshold. Using the formula provided in Section 3.3.3, the anticipated RSL can be calculated. Compare this RSL to the specified threshold of the LYNX.sc radio, which is shown in Section 2.2, and calculate the fade margin as the difference between the two signal levels.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.3.5 Availability Calculation Availability of the microwave path is a measure of the percent of the time that the link will operate without producing an excessive BER due to multipath fading. In the absence of direct interference, availability is affected by the following: - Path length - Fade margin - Frequency (2.4 GHz or 5.8 GHz in the case of the LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.3.6 Frequency Plan Determination When configuring radios in a hub or repeater configuration, careful engineering of the LYNX.sc radio frequency plans and antenna locations should be performed in order to minimize potential interference between the nearby radios. As a rule of thumb, do not place identical frequency plan radios (e.g. two “A” channel radios) at the same site.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.3.7 Power Supply Planning The LYNX.sc radio must have access to a supply of appropriate power, either DC or AC (if the AC adapter option has been ordered). The LYNX.sc can be powered from a DC battery system, or from a solar or generator power plant, usually with battery reserves. Typically either a positive or negative ground 24 or 48 volt supply is used.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.3.8 Antenna Planning Using the path planning tools, proper antenna size can be determined which will yield the desired path performance. In general, the larger the antenna that is used with the LYNX.sc radio, the better the link will perform.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.4 Tools Required The following tools may be required for the installation of the LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.5 Frequency Channel Plans The LYNX.sc system offers several non-overlapping channel plans for the different models of radio. This channel plan arrangement allows users to implement LYNX.sc systems in the proximity of other LYNX.sc radios (planned or unplanned), hub and repeater applications, and can be used to mitigate interference. The channel plans are illustrated below in Figures 3-1 through 36. Section 4.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 Figure 3-3: Channel Plan, 2.4 GHz 2xE1 Figure 3-4: Channel Plan, 5.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 Figure 3-5: Channel Plan, 5.8 GHz 2xE1 Figure 3-6: Channel Plan, 5.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.6 Mounting the LYNX.sc The LYNX.sc radio can be mounted at any height in a standard 19-inch rack. Blank rack-mounting spaces above and below the LYNX.sc are recommended, especially if the surrounding equipment dissipates a considerable amount of heat (over 50W). The LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.7 Power Connection and Wiring There is no ON/OFF switch on the LYNX.sc. As soon as power is applied, the equipment will be operational. This means that there can be up to 1W of RF power present at the antenna port. The antenna port should be terminated before power is applied. Power is connected using the DC power plug contained in the Accessory Kit.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.7.1 DC Power Wiring Connect the power cable with adequate current rating (minimum of 20 AWG) to the terminals shown on the removed (not plugged into the radio) DC power plug using the screw connections. The recommended minimum current rating of external fuses and cables is 3 Amps. The LYNX.sc radios consume less than 1 Amp at ±48V and less than 2 Amps at ±24V. Be sure the DC power cable is less than 3 meters (9.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 Figure 3-7: Negative Voltage DC Connection Figure 3-8: Positive Voltage DC Connection Make sure that when connecting the mating plug that it is properly oriented (terminal screws pointing up) and securely fastened.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.7.2 AC Power Connection The optional AC power supply (P/N 31049) operates from any AC voltage 100V - 250V and 50 Hz or 60 Hz. The AC supply is equipped with a mating connector that plugs directly into the LYNX.sc radio and an AC cord with a 3-pin AC plug. The AC cord color code is shown in Figure 3-9 in case users wish to replace the AC plug supplied with a different type of plug.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.8 Antenna Connection The LYNX.sc radio is equipped with an N-type female connector at the antenna port located on the rear panel. A short length (~6 feet) jumper cable such as RG-214 coax (or “pigtail”) fitted with two N-type male connectors can be used to connect the antenna port to the antenna transmission line (see Section 3.9). The recommended cable type for a jumper is RG-214.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.9 Transmission Line Connection The transmission line feeder (such as LDF4-50 1/2 inch coax cable or EW-52 elliptical waveguide) should be prepared first by cutting to the approximate length (allowing some excess) and installing the appropriate connector on the antenna end.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.10 Antenna Installation & Alignment Due to the possibility of exposure to RF radiation above the recommended levels, do not stand within two (2) feet of the antenna for prolonged periods during system operation. It is the responsibility of the installer to insure that the antenna is mounted in a place that is not accessible to the public.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 If a heading marker cannot be set sufficiently far away (for example when on a city building roof or looking through a window) then a rough azimuth setting can be obtained by sighting along the antenna feed. It should be verified that both antennas are on the same polarization by using the manufacturer’s instructions. Otherwise the RSL will be approximately 25 to 30 dB below the calculated level.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 in Section 3.3.3. During anomalous propagation conditions, the RSL may fade but will not increase up more than 10 dB (except in unusual very long paths which may fade up by 15 dB). Antenna alignment should enable the RSL to be peaked to the level calculated in the link budget.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.11 CEPT-1 (E1) InterfaceConnection The CEPT-1 interface connection to the LYNX.sc radio is on the rear panel. Additional external lightning protection devices are recommended for the CEPT-1 connections if the radio is installed in an area prone to lightning. The CEPT-1 connection to the LYNX.sc is at the data interface on the rear of the shelf.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.12 DIP Switch Settings A quick reference guide to all DIP switches is provided in Appendix B. DIP switch settings are noted by their position, either up (1), or down (0), not by on/off as may be printed on the DIP switch assembly. 3.12.1 Channel Selection The LYNX.sc radio offers several frequencies of operation except for the 2.4 GHz 2xT1 and the 5.8 GHz 4xT1 models (see Section 3.5).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.12.2 Loopback Test Signal Selection The LYNX.sc radio allows loopback operation using an internally generated test signal or using an externally generated test signal. A single DIP switch segment on SW1 as shown in Figure 3-12, allows the operator to select the use of either the internal or an external test signal. The factory setting for loopback mode is internal.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.12.3 Spreading Code Selection The spreading code is the pseudo-random chip sequence that is mixed with the data to produce the spread spectrum signal. The spreading code is generated by the LYNX.sc radio internally. Different codes can be selected using the DIP switches on the LYNX.sc radio rear panel. The spreading code must be the same for both ends of a radio link.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.12.4 Input Alarm (Data Loss) Enable/Disable The LYNX.sc radio provides a capability to enable or disable input alarms (Data Loss). On the front panel and over the alarm and diagnostic interfaces, an alarm condition is normally generated if there is no input data signal (E1) to the radio.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.12.5 AIS Enable/Disable AIS (Alarm Indication Signal) is the blue code (all 1’s) that keeps the digital line interface active under data loss conditions. AIS is required by certain equipment to maintain synchronization (for example, it is required on all leased line circuits).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.13 System Turn-up to Service 1. Prior to installing the system, it may be desirable to perform a back-to-back test of the LYNX.sc radio pair. Consult Section 4.9 for further details. Back-to-back testing is a simple way to verify that the LYNX.sc radios are fully operational before they are installed. Installation adds several variables (such as antenna alignment) which can lead to system turn-up delays.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 7. Connect power to the LYNX.sc radio. Verify that the Front Panel “ON” LED indication is illuminated. This confirms that power has been properly applied. Ensure that the RF Antenna port connection is properly terminated before applying power to the LYNX.sc terminal, as in step 3. When the LYNX.sc radio is initially powered-on, some alarm conditions may be present.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 Figure 3-16: Typical RF Output Power versus PWR Voltage, 2.4 GHz Models Use the LYNX.sc Factory Test Data sheet to determine more precisely the voltage corresponding to the RF output power.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 Figure 3-17: Typical RF Output Power versus PWR Voltage, 5.8 GHz Models Use the LYNX.sc Factory Test Data sheet to determine more precisely the voltage corresponding to the RF output power.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 For precision measurement of transmit output power, it is best to connect an RF power meter to the antenna port. The PWR port voltage may not provide enough precision. This is especially important where EIRP limits apply to the installation.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 - Weather (inversion layers, ducting and multipath) - Antenna feed (coaxial/connector) problem The LYNX.sc radio requires professional installation. Don’t forget that the transmitter output power adjustment on the LYNX.sc radio effects the RSL. Depending on EIRP limits (if any), path distance, and antenna gain, you may need to adjust the output transmit power to the proper level before putting the radios in service.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 . . TRANSMITTER POWER (dBm) Feeder Feeder 2.4 GHz, 1/2" Coax 2.4 GHz, 7/8" Coax 5.8 GHz, 1/2" Coax 5.8 GHz, EW52 Waveguide Length Length 4' Dish 6' Dish 8' Dish 4' Dish 6' Dish 8' Dish 2' Dish 4' Dish 6' Dish 8' Dish 2' Dish 4' Dish 6' Dish 8' Dish Meters Feet 9.4 4.9 3.4 9.2 4.7 3.2 7.7 1.7 -1.3 -4.3 7.1 1.1 -1.9 -4.9 3.0 10 9.8 5.3 3.8 9.4 4.9 3.4 8.3 2.3 -0.7 -3.7 7.3 1.3 -1.7 -4.7 6.1 20 10.1 5.6 4.1 9.7 5.2 3.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 Feeder Feeder Length Length TRANSMITTER POWER (dBm) Meters Feet 4' Dish 6' Dish 8' Dish 4' Dish 6' Dish 8' Dish 3.0 10 23.4 22.0 21.2 23.2 21.9 21.1 6.1 20 23.8 22.4 21.6 23.5 22.1 21.3 9.1 30 24.1 22.8 22.0 23.7 22.4 21.5 12.2 40 24.5 23.2 22.4 23.9 22.6 21.8 15.2 50 24.9 23.6 22.7 24.2 22.8 22.0 18.3 60 25.3 23.9 23.1 24.4 23.0 22.2 21.3 70 25.7 24.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.13.1 Output Power Adjustment The LYNX.sc radio requires professional installation. In certain cases, it is necessary to adjust the output power from the factory setting, for example: ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ to meet EIRP (effective isotropic radiated power) limits, such as +6 dBW in Canada. to meet transmitter output limits in the 2.4 GHz band for USA installations. to avoid exceeding the maximum far-end RSL of 0 dBm.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.13.2 Loopback/BER Testing When a pair of LYNX.sc radios are installed and communicating with each other, a loopback or BER test can be performed to evaluate the link performance. The LYNX.sc uses an internal test signal for loopback. Alternatively, an external test signal can be injected, as described in Section 3.12.4.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 An external BER test set is required for statistical BER analysis. Disconnect all external CEPT-1 signals and connect the BER test set to the input and output BNC connectors. Select external test mode (see Section 3.12.2) and initiate loopback using the ENABLE loopback button. Now the BER test can be initiated. Section 4.10 describes BER testing in more detail.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.13.3 Error LED Mode Selection The ERROR LED illuminates if any errors are present in the data stream during loopback. This LED is only functional when using the internal test signal. The default mode for this LED is “latched.” That is, when a single error occurs, the LED illuminates and stays lit until loopback is turned off.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.14 Additional Connections There are additional customer connections which are optional and are not required to make the LYNX.sc operational but may prove useful. 3.14.1 Orderwire Connection and Address Selection Orderwire is a “telephone” type wayside service which allows users of the LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 Figure 3-19: RJ-11 Orderwire Telephone Connection 2. Using a standard RJ-11 telephone cable, connect a standard electronic telephone (a touch tone phone, complete with dialer; a handset by itself will not work) to the Orderwire connector on the LYNX.sc front panel. This connector is wired identically to a standard two-wire telephone jack, see Figure 3-19 for details. 3. With a telephone connected to each LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 4. If the LYNX.sc radios are connected in a repeater configuration, Orderwire services can be established to all LYNX.sc terminals in the network by implementing a connection of their rear-panel connectors between repeater terminals. At the repeater site, a cable can be connected to the two LYNX.sc terminals between their rear panel VF 25-pin connectors as shown in Figure 3-20.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.14.2 Alarm Connections External alarm outputs are provided at the 25-pin, D-type subminiature ALARM connector. There are two Form C summary alarm relays capable of switching 30 VDC at 1 A. Also, individual alarm logic outputs capable of sourcing and sinking 1mA are provided. These individual alarms interface to a single standard TTL load. When the unit is IN ALARM = “0”, the TTL output is 0 V to ±0.5 V.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 PIN 2 DATA LOSS (1 or 1&2) - in alarm if no incoming data is received into the transmitter for channel 1 (for the 4xE1 model, includes channel 2). Data Loss is activated when the input signal drops below 0.97 volts for 175 bit intervals and is deactivated as soon as the input signal level rises above 0.97 volts. Radio transmits AIS to the far-end if in alarm.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.14.3 Diagnostics Port Operation The Diagnostics Port is used to retrieve diagnostic or network management information about the LYNX.sc radios by means of a computer connection. This can be accomplished locally or remotely.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.14.3.1 Diagnostics Port using RS-232 For RS-232 diagnostics connection to the LYNX.sc radio, connect the serial device (modem, computer, terminal) to the male 9-pin subminiature connector in accordance with Figure 3-23. Figure 3-23: RS-232 Diagnostic Port Connections Pins 6 through 9 must not be connected for RS-232 communications to operate properly.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.14.3.2 Diagnostics Port using RS-422 For RS-422 Diagnostics connection to the LYNX.sc radio, connect to the serial device (modem, computer, terminal) to the male 9-pin subminiature connector in accordance with Figure 3-24. Figure 3-24: RS-422 Diagnostic Port Connections Do not connect devices to both the RS-232 and RS-422 connections of the Diagnostics Port.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.14.3.3 TBOS Protocol and Map The diagnostics port is configured for an open industry standard protocol, called Telemetry Byte Oriented Serial (TBOS). TBOS is a poll and response protocol that operates on a RS-422 4-wire interface, one pair for transmit data (requests) to the radio, and one pair for receive data (responses) from the radio.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 Byte 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Point Bit Type* 1 7 S Model ID MSB Scan Point Definition Control Point Definition Notes 0011 = 2.4 GHz E1 (Model 31500) 2 6 S Model ID LSB+2 0100 = 5.8 GHz E1 (Model 31400) 3 5 S Model ID LSB+1 0101 = 5.8 GHz 2xE1 (Model 31700) 4 4 S Model ID LSB 1100 = 5.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.14.4 AUX DATA (Digital Service Channel) Connection The AUX DATA port is a separate wayside serial port which can be configured to allow the connection of any user serial data (to 9600 baud) through the radio network.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 Antenna Antenna Antenna Antenna T1 LYNX.sc LYNX.sc Aux. DATA Diagnostics LYNX.sc LYNX.sc Antenna Antenna T1 Aux. DATA Diagnostics 2 X T1 T1 Diagnostics LYNX.sc LYNX.sc Diagnostics Diagnostics T1 Figure 3-25: Repeater and Hub TBOS Radio Network Management T1 LYNX.sc Diag. AUX. LYNX.sc Diag. AUX. T1 02 Site Address 01 Site Address TBOS RS-232 Info at this radio Network Manager TBOS LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.14.5 Protect Port Connection (Preliminary Information) This feature is not yet available as of the publishing date of this manual. The protect port is an 8-pin modular jack connection which is used in conjunction with an auxiliary piece of equipment called a LYNX.SC.mhs. The LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 3.14.6 Protect Port Connection (Preliminary Information) This feature is not yet available as of the publishing date of this manual. Space Diversity (SD) is a similar application for radios where there is a “back-up” path for the radio in case of radio failure or path outage problems. This type of application is typically configured as two separate radios at the same site connected to two separate antennas.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 Your Notes on the LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 4. Troubleshooting 4.1 Regular Maintenance The LYNX.sc radios do not require any regular maintenance, however, it is prudent to monitor the radio link at regular intervals to assure that the link conditions are not changing.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 4.2 Changing Frequency Plans The LYNX.sc RF frequency selections are listed in Section 3.5. The near-end radio and the farend radio must be corresponding (e.g. A1 / A2). The frequency of a given LYNX.sc terminal is set by the specific filter, the physical orientation of this assembly, and the setting of corresponding DIP Switches. (See Section 3.12.1 for more details.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 4.3 Using a Spare Terminal One spare LYNX.sc terminal of a given model type (2.4 GHz 1xE1, 2.4 GHz 2xE1, 5.8 GHz 1xE1, 5.8 GHz 2xE1, or 5.8 GHz 4xE1) will service any other radio in that same model type, independent of frequency channel plan. For example, a 5.8 GHz E1 channel A2 can be used as a spare for any A, B or C channel E1 radio at 5.8 GHz. See Section 4.2 for changing frequencies of a spare radio.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 4.4 Technical Support Glenayre Western Multiplex provides 24-hour telephone technical support for installed LYNX.sc radios. Customers are encouraged to troubleshoot the radio and link in accordance with the latter part of this section in this manual before contacting Glenayre Western Multiplex. Glenayre Western Multiplex also has a limited supply of LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 4.5 Repair Policy The LYNX.sc terminal includes comprehensive alarm indicators designed to diagnose potential faults. Should a fault occur, it often may be resolved by operator adjustment. Should a fault occur that cannot be resolved by operator adjustment and has been confirmed by looping terminals together on the bench (See Section 4.9), then the equipment should be returned to the factory for repair. The LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 4.6 Front Panel Status LEDs There are several front panel status LEDs on the LYNX.sc radio. These LEDs indicate conditions where either a hardware failure has occurred or the radio link is not optimum. In many cases, a combination of LEDs may be illuminated. The following sections describe the necessary troubleshooting procedures should any LED(s) indicate a problem during or after installation.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 4.6.1 DATA LOSS Alarms Function: These DATA LOSS Alarms indicate that no CEPT-1 signal is present at the rear panel CEPT-1 interface. On a multiple-capacity radio, the DATA LOSS 1 alarm relates to the DATA 1 ports while the DATA LOSS 2 alarm relates to the DATA 2 ports. On the 4xE1 model, DATA LOSS 1&2 are combined and DATA LOSS 3&4 are combined. This alarm does not indicate a radio hardware failure.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 Recommended Actions: 1. Check to make sure that there is a CEPT-1 connection present on either of the connectors (BNC) for the channel in alarm. On a multiple-capacity radio, if the alarm is on a channel which is unused at this time, the alarm condition can be disabled by a rear panel DIP switch, as described in Section 3.12.4. 4. Verify that the CEPT-1 line has data active at the radio connection.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 4.6.2 BER (Bit Error Rate) Alarm Function: This LED indicates that the traffic being received from the far-end radio is exceeding the bit error -6 rate threshold of the radio (approximately 1 x 10 ). This indicates that radio traffic currently has errors on it which may exceed acceptable levels. This LED will stay ON as long as the BER threshold is being exceeded.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 Recommended Actions: An internal loopback test should be performed to verify that errors are occurring over the link: ❖ Verify that the near-end radio is set for Internal test mode and Latched Error LED (both default settings of rear panel DIP switch positions, as described in Sections 3.12.2 and 3.13.3).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 If one terminal (or both) has high RSL, this could be caused by a very short path or interference. To verify the possible presence of interference, remove DC power to the radio which is opposite to the one that is reading high RSL. Once power is removed, measure RSL on the remaining radio.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 4.6.3 RX SYNC (Receiver Synchronization) Alarm Function: This LED indicates that the demodulator function is not synchronizing with the intended received signal. When the RX SYNC alarm is active, the LYNX.sc radio injects AIS onto the received CEPT-1 (line transmit out), even if AIS has been disabled by rear panel DIP switch setting.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 4.6.4 AIS OUT (Alarm Indication Signal) Function: This LED informs the user that the near-end receiver is operating at BER ≥ 1 x 10 or is not receiving data and is therefore injecting AIS to the line transmit out of the CEPT-1 connector. -3 If the AIS has been disabled by rear panel DIP switch, AIS will not be injected onto the line transmit output unless there is a loss of sync (RX SYNC alarm).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 4.6.5 FAN Alarm Function: This alarm activates only when one or both of the internal fans are faulty. Possible Cause: ❖ Faulty fan inside the radio. Recommended Actions: 1. Check environmental conditions of the radio. Assure that the ambient temperature at the radio location is within specification of the radio.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 4.6.6 RADIO FAIL Alarm Function: The RADIO FAIL alarm indicates a known problem with the radio hardware. Possible Causes: ❖ Internal synthesizers are unlocked ❖ Internal digital circuits have failed ❖ CEPT-1 connection is incorrect Recommended Actions: 1. Disconnect the CEPT-1 connections from the rear panel. 2.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 4.6.7 FAR END Alarm Function: This LED indicates that there is an alarm condition present on the far-end radio. When the DISPLAY FAR END button is pressed (and held), the status LEDs indicate the alarm conditions of the far-end radio. Possible Cause: ❖ One or more alarm condition(s) exist on the far-end radio Recommended Actions: 1. Press and hold the DISPLAY FAR END button and observe the LED status. 2.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 4.7 Errors in the Data Stream When the radio is in service, errors in the data stream may occur. This is usually known to the operator by either faulty data indications of downstream equipment, external bit error rate testing, or ERROR LED indications during internal loopback testing. During internal test mode loopback testing, if an error is detected, the ERROR LED will illuminate.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 4.8 Interference Countermeasures The recommended interference countermeasures available to the LYNX.sc operator are as follows: 1. Short Paths The single most effective countermeasure against interference is to maintain "short path" length. This may be achieved by dividing long paths into multiple small paths by cascading hops. Intermediate repeaters may be formed using back-to-back LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 4. Antenna Polarization Cross-polarized antennas can provide approximately 20 to 30 dB discrimination of unwanted signals. The actual discrimination will depend upon the antenna design and any rotation of polarization along the path, for example, due to reflections. Discrimination only exists between two orthogonal polarizations: - vertical vs. horizontal or - left-hand circular vs.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 4.8.1 Use of a Spectrum Analyzer to Evaluate Potential Interference Connecting to the antenna and using "peak hold" on a spectrum analyzer, the spectrum between 2.4 GHz and 2.5 GHz (for 2.4 GHz radios) or 5.7 GHz and 5.9 GHz (for 5.8 GHz radios) can be swept and any signals being received at levels above the radio’s specified threshold identified. If potential interfering signals are found, then the LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 4.9 Back-to-Back Testing Back-to-back testing, as shown in Figure 4-1, is an ideal method of testing the LYNX.sc radios. This testing eliminates link problems caused by auxiliary equipment, installation, or the radio path and isolates potential radio hardware problems. Back-to-back testing must be performed with both radios at the same location.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 Figure 4-1: Back-to-Back Test Configuration LYNX.sc LYNX.sc (When using a BER tester, initiate loopback on connected LYNX.sc and select external test mode as described in Section 3.12.2). The LYNX.sc radios will be damaged if appropriate attenuation is not supplied between radios. You must provide a minimum of 40 dB and no more than 80 dB attenuation between the two radios.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 4.10 BER (Bit Error Rate) Testing Bit error rate (BER) testing is the preferred way to evaluate a radio link’s performance. It can be performed from end-to-end or in loopback mode (which tests both directions of the radio path). Figure 4-2 illustrates a typical BER test configuration for loopback testing (which may include the radio’s path instead of in-line attenuators).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 Your Notes on the LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 5. Appendices Appendix A - Digital Line Interface Specifications Information in Appendix A is referenced to the following document: ITU-T G.703 1. 2. General Characteristics Bit rate: 2048 kbits/s ±50 ppm Code: HDB3 Specifications at the output ports Bit Rate 2.048 Mb/s Pulse Shape All marks of a valid signal must conform with the mask irrespective of the sign.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 Appendix B - Rear Panel DIP Switches The LYNX.sc radio has two separate eight-segment rear panel DIP switches, labeled SW1, and SW3.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 Appendix C - Rear Panel Data Connectors The following figures illustrate the pin structure for all rear panel data connections. All figures are oriented as a customer would view them, facing the rear panel. DC power connection information is found in Section 3.7 of the manual.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL LYNX.sc E1 FAMILY SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOS OCTOBER 1998 Your Notes on the LYNX.
Index A AC..............................................................................................................................................................3-19 Accessories ................................................................................................................................................2-22 AIS....................................................................................................... 2-7, 2-13, 2-20, 3-29, 3-30, 3-47, 4-13 Alarm connections .............
F Fade margin .................................................................................................................................................3-6 Fans............................................................................................................................................................4-14 Frequency............................................................................................................................................3-12, 4-2 Frequency plan...........
Repair...........................................................................................................................................................4-5 Repeater configurations ....................................................................................................................3-54, 3-55 RF filter......................................................................................................................................................3-26 RS-232/RS-422 ..................
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