N.TOP 802.
Copyright and Disclaimer Copyright & Disclaimer No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, whether electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or recording without the written consent of OvisLink Corp. OvisLink Corp. has made the best effort to ensure the accuracy of the information in this user’s guide. However, we are not liable for the inaccuracies or errors in this guide. Please use with caution.
Copyright and Disclaimer FCC Statement Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
Table of Contents Table of Contents 1. Introduction....................................................................................................................1 1.1 Overview.................................................................................................................1 1.2 Firmware Upgrade and Tech Support .....................................................................1 1.3 Features .............................................................................................
Table of Contents 4.2.3 Network Name (SSID) ...............................................................................25 4.2.4 Broadcast SSID .........................................................................................25 4.2.5 Multiple SSID.............................................................................................25 4.2.6 Channel .....................................................................................................26 4.2.7 Channel Width ...................
Table of Contents 7. Frequent Asked Questions .........................................................................................50 8. Specifications ..............................................................................................................52 8.1 Hardware Features ...............................................................................................52 8.1.1 General Hardware Feature ........................................................................52 8.1.2 Antenna ..
1. Introduction 1 1. Introduction 1.1 Overview The N.TOP is a ceiling mount wireless multi-function AP based on 300Mbps 2T2R Wireless b/g/n MIMO standard radio technologies. The Wireless Access Point is equipped with one 10/100 Mbps Auto-sensing Ethernet ports for connecting to LAN and also for cascading to next Wireless Access Point. It has built-in 802.3af PoE port for installation up to 100 meter away from the power source. 1.
1. Introduction In addition, you might find new firmware that either increase software functions or provide bug fixes for N.TOP. You can reach our on-line support center at the following link: http://www.airlive.com/support/support_2.jsp Since 2009, AirLive has added the “Newsletter Instant Support System” on our website. AirLive Newsletter subscribers receives instant email notifications when there are new download or tech support FAQ updates for their subscribed airlive models.
1. Introduction IP Finder Management Utility Optional 802.2af POE Injector (AirLive POE-48PB) or PoE switch is required for PoE installation. Green WLAN for Power Saving 1.4 Wireless Operation Modes The N.TOP can perform as a Multi-Function wireless device. Through the AirLogic web interface, users can easily select which wireless mode they wish the N.TOP to perform. N.
1. Introduction 1.4.2 Client Mode This mode is also known as “Client” mode. For N.TOP, there are 2 types of Client modes: Infrastructure and Adhoc mode. In Infrastructure mode, the N.TOP acts as if it is a wireless adapter to connect with a remote Access Point. Users can attach a computer or a router to the LAN port of N.TOP to get network access. This mode is often used by WISP on the subscriber’s side. In Client Ad Hoc mode, N.TOP can connect to other wireless adapters without access point.
1. Introduction 1.4.4 WDS Repeater Mode In WDS Repeater mode, the N.TOP functions as a repeater that extends the range of remote wireless LAN. In this mode, the remote Access Point must have WDS (Wireless Distribution System) capability. If you require the PC’s MAC addresses to be preserved when the data pass through the Repeater, it is necessary to use the WDS Repeater mode. Because the radio is divided into WDS + AP mode, the Repeater mode will have less performance and distance. 5 AirLive N.
1. Introduction 1.4.5 Universal Repeater Mode In Universal Repeater mode, the N.TOP functions as a repeater that extends the range of remote wireless LAN. This mode can repeat the signal of any remote AP/Router, even if they do not have WDS capability. However, the MAC addresses of any wireless traffic going through Universal Repeater are “translated” into the Repeater’s MAC address.
2. Installing the N.TOP 2 2. Installing the N.TOP This section describes the installation procedure for the N.TOP. It starts with a summary of the content of the package you have purchased, followed by steps of how to power up and connect the N.TOP. Finally, this section explains how to configure a Windows PC to communicate with the N.TOP. 2.1 Package Content The N.TOP package contains the following items: One N.TOP main unit One 5V DC power adapter One CD of the N.TOP Quick Start Guide 2.
2. Installing the N.TOP 2.3 Hardware Installation ※Note Before you starting hardware connection, you are advised to find an appropriate location to place the Access Point. Usually, the best place for the Access Point is at the center of your wireless network, with line of straight to all your wireless stations. 1. Screw the bottom case into the wall. 2. There are two ways to connect N.TOP, AirLive N.
2. Installing the N.TOP (1) Via PoE N.TOP is equipped with 802.3af compliant PoE port. You can select AirLive PoE-48PB for the deployment of the PoE network environment. The POE-48PB is an optional accessory that must be purchased separately. You must use Cat.5E or better graded Ethernet Cable for PoE Installation. (2) Via power adapter 9 AirLive N.
2. Installing the N.TOP 3. Put the case screws back. 2.4 LED Indicators This section describes the LED behavior of N.TOP. You can find the LED in front of the N.TOP. AirLive N.
2. Installing the N.TOP LED Display 1 Status Description On PWR 2 WLAN 3 LAN The access point is switched on and correctly powered. Slow System is reset to factory default, at the same time Blinking WLAN LED is on. Off The access point is switched off. On Wireless WPS mode is enabled. Off Wireless network is switched off. Flashing Wireless LAN activity (transferring or receiving data). On LAN port is connected Off LAN port is not connected Flashing LAN activity (transferring or receiving data) 2.
2. Installing the N.TOP Button Description Reset the router to factory default settings (clear all settings) or start WPS function. y Reset: Press this button and hold for 10 seconds to restore all Reset / WPS settings to factory defaults. y WPS: Press this button for less than 5 seconds to start WPS function. Connector Description Power Ethernet Power connector, connects to A/C power adapter. Local Area Network (LAN) port. AirLive N.
3. Configuring the N.TOP 3 3. Configuring the N.TOP The N.TOP offers web browser (http) as management interface. In this chapter, we will explain N.TOP’s web management interface and how to get into them. 3.1 Important Information The following information will help you to get start quickly. However, we recommend you to read through the entire manual before you start. Please note the password and SSID are case sensitive. The default IP address is: 192.168.1.254 Subnet Mask: 255.255.
3. Configuring the N.TOP 3.2 Prepare your PC The N.TOP can be managed remotely by a PC through either the wired or wireless network. The default IP address of the N.TOP is 192.168.1.254 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. This means the IP address of the PC should be in the same subnet of the N.TOP.. To prepare your PC for management with the N.TOP, please do the following: 1. Connect your PC directly to the LAN port of N.TOP 2. Set your PC’s IP address manually to 192.168.1.
3. Configuring the N.TOP 3.3 Introduction to IP Finder The N.TOP provides IP Finder utility and you can get into web management easily. IP Finder is included in the CD. Just click and follow the step by step instruction to install. While entering the IP Finder utility, the IP Finder will automatically search the AP available on the network. IP Finder will show the Device Name, IP Address, HTTP Port, and Ethernet MAC Address.
3. Configuring the N.TOP Click to the next page Before submit, please input N.TOP password first. The default password is airlive. Click Submit to save the configuration. AirLive N.
3. Configuring the N.TOP 3.4 Introduction to Web Management The N.TOP can be configured using the Web management interfaces by simply typing its IP address in the web browser. Most functions of N.TOP can be accessed by it. If you are placing the N.TOP behind router or firewall, you might need to open the port 80 at virtual server on your firewall/router. This procedure is not necessary in most cases unless there is a router/firewall between your PC and N.TOP. 3.4.
3. Configuring the N.TOP configurations including changing password, upload firmware, backup configuration, settings PING watchdog, and setting management. Status: This section for monitoring the status of N.TOP. It provides information on device status, Ethernet status, wireless status, wireless client table, and system log. Reboot: Please remember to save changes and reboot after you finish all settings. The changes will take effect only after reboot. 3.
3. Configuring the N.TOP 3.6 Initial Configurations We recommend users to browse through N.TOP’s web management interface to get an overall picture of the functions and interface. Below are the recommended initial configurations for first time login: 3.6.1 Change the Device’s IP Address The default IP address is at 192.168.1.254. You should change it to the same subnet as your network. Also, if you want to manage N.TOP remotely, you have to set the Gateway and DNS server information.
3. Configuring the N.TOP 1 2 3.6.2 Set the Time and Date It is important that you set the date and time for your N.TOP so that the system log will record the correct date and time information. Please go to “System Configuration” ->Time Settings. We recommend you choose “Enable NTP” so the time will be keep even after reboot. If your N.TOP is not connected to Internet, please enter the time manually. Please remember to select your local time zone and click “Apply” to finish. AirLive N.
3. Configuring the N.TOP 1 2 3 4 5 6 3.6.3 Change Password You should change the password for N.TOP at the first login. To change password, please go to “System” -> “Password Settings” menu. 21 AirLive N.
3. Configuring the N.TOP AirLive N.
4. Wireless Settings 4 4. Wireless Settings In this chapter, we will explain about the wireless settings in web management interface. Please be sure to read through Chapter1’s Wireless Operation Mode and Chapter 3’s “Introduction to Web Management” and “Initial Configurations” first. Although router mode settings (WAN port, Virtual Server…etc) are part of the wireless settings menu, they will be explained in Chapter 5. 4.1 About Wireless Modes The N.
4. Wireless Settings To change wireless mode, please select the new wireless mode from the pull-down menu. The N.TOP will ask you to confirm about the mode change. After your confirmation, the AP will reboot itself to the new mode. 4.2 Basic Wireless Functions This section will explain the general wireless functions. Not all functions are available in every wireless mode. Please refer to the web interface what is available of each mode.
4. Wireless Settings 4.2.2 Band Wireless -> Band N.TOP has 6 different options for WLAN transmission. All devices in the same network should use the same WLAN mode. • 2.4 GHz (B): The radio will only connect at 11b mode. • 2.4 GHz (G): The radio will only connect at 11g mode. • 2.4 GHz (N): The radio will only connect at 11n mode. • 2.4 GHz (B+G): The radio will auto adjust between 11g and 11b mode. • 2.4 GHz (G+N): The radio will auto adjust between 11n and 11g mode. • 2.
4. Wireless Settings 4.2.6 Channel Wireless -> Channel The channel is the frequency range used by radio. In 802.11n/g/b standard, there are maximum of 14 Channels. However, the available channels in each country are dependant on the local regulation. If you are living in Europe, you can use channel 1 to 13. If you are living in the United States, you can use channel 1 to 11. Each wireless channel takes between 22 to 25MHz of frequency width. But the channels are only 5MHz apart.
4. Wireless Settings 9 2452 O O 10 2457 O O 11 2462 O O 12 2467 - O 13 2472 - O 14 2484 - - 4.2.7 Channel Width Wireless -> Channel Width You can choose 20MHz or 20/40MHz channel width. Choose 20MHz for compliance with laws in some countries. 40MHz offers faster performance than 20MHz 4.2.8 Wireless Client Limit Wireless -> Wireless Client Limit This limitation applies to number of wireless clients the device can associate.
4. Wireless Settings Key Length: The N.TOP offers 64bit and 128 bit for WEP key length. The longer the Key Length, the more secure the encryption is. Key Format: 2 types are available: ASCII and HEX. ASCII is a string of ASCII code including alphabetical characters, space, signs and numbers (i.e. “airlivepass12”). HEX is a string of 16-bit hexadecimal digits (0..9, a, b, c, d, e, f). All wireless devices on the network must match the exact key length and Key type.
4. Wireless Settings WPA Radius Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) Enterprise uses Radius Server as the authenticator. WPA2 adds full support for 802.11i standard and the CCMP (AES Encryption). The WPA-Mixed tries to authenticate wireless clients using either WPA or WPA2. 4.2.10 WMM Wireless -> WMM Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) is a standard to prioritize traffic for multimedia applications. The WMM prioritize traffic\ on Voice-over-IP (VoIP), audio, video, and streaming media as well as traditional IP data over the A
4. Wireless Settings 4.3 Advance Settings Fragmentation: When the size of a unicast frame exceeds the fragmentation threshold, it will be fragmented before the transmission. It should have a value of 256-2346 bytes, with a default of 2346. If you experience a high packet error rate, you should slightly decrease the Fragmentation Threshold. RTS Threshold: RTS/CTS frames are used to gain control of the medium for transmission.
4. Wireless Settings Preamble Type: A preamble is a signal used in wireless environment to synchronize the transmitting timing including Synchronization and Start frame delimiter. In a "noisy" network environment, the Preamble Type should be set to Long Preamble. The Short Preamble is intended for applications where minimum overhead and maximum performance is desired. If in a "noisy" network environment, the performance will be decreased.
4. Wireless Settings remote station. The station will only wait for a certain amount of time, this time is called the ACK timeout. If the ACK is NOT received within that timeout period then the packet will be re-transmitted resulting in reduced throughput. If the ACK setting is too high then throughput will be lost due to waiting for the Ack Window to timeout on lost packets.
4. Wireless Settings will be allowed in the network. Reject list: When selected, data traffic from the devices specified in the table will be denied/discarded by the network. 4.5 Site Survey Wireless -> Site Survey You can scan for wireless networks around your location using the Site Survey function. From the site survey function, you can also perform antenna alignment and establish wireless connection When you click on Site Survey, the following screen will appear.
4. Wireless Settings SSID: This is the remote AP’s SSID. MAC: This is the remote’s AP’s MAC address. Channel: The current scanned channel Type: The wireless type of remote AP. Encryption: The wireless encryption of remote AP. Signal: This is signal strength number in percentage in 0 to 100 scales. The higher the number, the better signal. AirLive N.
4. Wireless Settings 4.6 WPS Wireless Settings -> WPS Disable WPS: Check the box to disable the WPS function, default setting is enabled. WPS Status: Here shows the current status of the WPS function. Default setting is configured; click Reset to UnConfigured to re-configure the WPS connection. Self-PIN Number: Here shows the 8-digit numbers PIN code of the router itself. Enter the Self-PIN Number to client (Registrar) end and click the PIN button at the client end to make a WPS connection.
4. Wireless Settings 4.7 Wireless Scheduling Wireless -> Wireless Scheduling Check the box to enable the schedule function. Set up the time to schedule the wireless access rule. Select the day and time you want to enable the wireless function. AirLive N.
5. System Configurations 5 5. System Configurations In this chapter, we will explain about System Configurations in web management interface. Please be sure to read through Chapter 3’s “Introduction to Web Management” and “Initial Configurations” first. . 5.1 Menu Structure When you click on the “System” menu on the top menu bar, the following screen will appear. The system configuration includes all non-wireless settings. We will explain their functions here. 37 AirLive N.
5. System Configurations 5.2 LAN Interface Setup System >> LAN Interface Setup This menu is where you can configuration all the aspect about LAN interface including IP address, DHCP server settings etc. Device IP Settings DHCP Settings 5.2.1 DHCP Settings DHCP Service: You can enable or disable DHCP server here. z Disable(default): Disable DHCP server z Enable: The N.TOP will act as DHCP server to provide IP addresses to the clients on the LAN/Wireless interface.
5. System Configurations 5.2.2 Set Static DHCP If you want to lock IP address to a MAC address, you should add DHCP clients to the “Static DHCP List”. Up to 40 entries can be entered. Below is the procedure for adding an entry: 1. Enter the MAC address of the device 2. Enter the IP address of the device 3. Click on the “Apply Changes” button 5.2.3 Domain Name You can enter the network area name here. 5.2.4 802.11d Spanning Tree Select Disabled or Enabled form the pull-down list. 5.2.
5. System Configurations 5.3 Time Settings System ->Time Settings You can set the NTP Time Server for your N.TOP’s internal clock here. You can use NTP server function so your N.TOP will check with NTP to set time automatically upon each startup. Thus, it prevents the clock losing track of time during reboot or power outage. Below is the procedure to set your NTP server 1. Check the “Enable NTP Client Update” 2. Select your time Zone 3. Select your NTP server 4. Click on “Apply Change” AirLive N.
5. System Configurations 5.4 Password Settings System -> Password Settings The N.TOP’s password protection is turned off by default. To enable password protection or change password, just enter your username and password, and click on “Apply Change” button. 41 AirLive N.
5. System Configurations 5.5 Watchdog System -> Watchdog The Ping Watchdog will ping remote IP addresses to make sure the wireless connection is active, if not, it will reboot. To prevent the AP from power recycling, the PING watchdog will start 10 minutes after power up to prevent power recycle problem. Watch Interval: means: "How often the N.TOP will PING". For example, it will PING once every "1" minute. Watch Host: This is the IP address for which the Watchdog will ping.
5. System Configurations 5.6 Firmware Upgrade System -> Firmware Upgrade You can upgrade the firmware of your N.TOP (the software that controls your N.TOP’s operation). Normally, this is done when a new version of firmware offers new features that you want, or solves problems that you have encountered with the current version. Upgrade Firmware: To update the N.TOP firmware, first download the firmware from AirLive web site to your local disk.
5. System Configurations Do not power off the device while upgrading the firmware. It is recommended that you do not upgrade your N.TOP unless the new firmware has new features you need or if it has a fix to a problem that you’ve encountered. 5.7 Configuration Save and Restore System -> Configuration Save and Restore The N.TOP can save and restore the settings to a file. In addition, it has the unique capability to restore only the network or wireless settings.
5. System Configurations Step1: Enter the file name in the “Load Settings from File” field. Or click on “Browse” button to location the location of the file. Step2: Click on “Upload” button to restore settings. 5.8 Factory Default System Configuration -> Factory Default You can reset the configuration of your N.TOP to the factory default settings. 45 AirLive N.
6. Status Menu 6 6. Status Menu In this chapter, we will explain the “Status” menu in the web management interface. Before you read this chapter, please make sure to read through chapter 3 on “Introduction to Web Management Interface. 6.1 Menu Structure When you click on the “Status” on the top menu bar, the sub menu for device status will appear. AirLive N.
6. Status Menu 6.2 Device Information This page shows the general information about N.TOP such as Uptime, Firmware version, Wireless Interface…etc. Below are some additional explanations on some status information of this page: Uptime: This displays the time since system last boot up. This is a good indication for how long the system has been alive. Hardware Version: It displays the hardware version. Runtime Code Version: This place will display the current firmware version.
6. Status Menu 6.3 Statistic This page shows the sent and received packet information for Radio1, Radio2, LAN, and WAN interface. AirLive N.
6. Status Menu 6.4 Log The log function is where you can check for error messages for diagnostic purpose. Enable Log: Check this box to enable log function. System All: Activates all logging functions Wireless: Only logs related to the wireless LAN will be recorded Enable Remote Log: Only logs related to the Remote control will be recorded. Log Server IP Address: Only logs related to the server will be recorded. . 49 AirLive N.
7. Frequent Asked Questions 7 7. Frequent Asked Questions In this chapter, we will address some frequent asked questions about N.TOP Q: I forgot my password or the IP address of N.TOP. A: Please restore your settings to default by press the reset button for more than 5 seconds. You should be able to find your N.TOP at 192.168.1.254 with default username “admin” and password “airlive”. Q: N.TOP is not responding to me when I want to access it by web browser A: a.
7. Frequent Asked Questions f. If you did a firmware upgrade and this happens, contact your dealer of purchase for help. g. If all above solutions don’t work, contact the dealer of purchase for help. Q: Can’t get connected to N.TOP. A: a. If encryption is enabled, please re-check WEP or WPA passphrase settings on your wireless client. b. Try to move closer to N.TOP. c. Unplug the power plug of N.TOP and plug it back again after 10 seconds. d. If all LEDs on this N.
8. Specifications 8 8. Specifications The specification of N.TOP is subject to change without notice. Please use the information with caution. 8.1 Hardware Features 8.1.1 General Hardware Feature 1 x 10/100 Mbps Ethernet Port with Auto MDI/MDI-X Support 802.3af PoE Port (LAN) LAN, WLAN, PWR, Reset/WPS LED Indicators Reversed SMA Female Antenna Port LAN, WLAN, PWR, Reset/WPS LED Indicators 300N 2T2R 11b/g/n Radio 2MB Flash, 16MB SDRAM Reset/WPS Button 8.1.
8. Specifications 8.2.2 Rate and Modulation Data Rate: - 802.11n (40MHz): MCS0-7, up to 300Mbps - 802.11n (20MHz): MCS0-7, up to 144Mbps - 802.11g: 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48,54Mbps - 802.11b: 1, 2, 5.5, 11Mbps Modulation - 802.11b: DSSS (DBPSK, DQPSK, CCK) - 802.11g: OFDM (BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM) - 802.11n: OFDM(BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM) Receiver Sensitivity - 802.11b 11Mbps ≦ -88dBm +/- 1 - 802.11g 54Mbps ≦ -75dBm +/- 1 - 802.11n HT20 MCS7 ≦ -72dBm +/- 1 - 802.11n HT40 MCS7 ≦ -68dBm +/- 1 8.
8. Specifications 8.3.3 Advance Functions Setup Wizard Support WPS Button for Easy Setup Multiple SSID, Virtual AP, Watchdog, Hidden SSID ACK Timeout Adjustment WMM, MAC Access Control, Wireless Client Isolation, Channel, RTS Threshold Green AP Energy Saving Feature TX Output Power Adjustment Wireless Mode: AP, Client, WDS Bridge, WDS Repeater and Universal Repeater Wireless Security: WEP- 64/128bit, WPA, WPA2 and IEEE 802.
9. Wireless Network Glossary 9 9. Wireless Network Glossary The wireless network glossary contains explanation or information about common terms used in wireless networking products. Some of information in this glossary might be outdated, please use with caution. 802.3ad 802.3ad is an IEEE standard for bonding or aggregating multiple Ethernet ports into one virtual port (also known as trunking) to increase the bandwidth. 802.3af This is the PoE (Power over Ethernet) standard by IEEE committee. 803.
9. Wireless Network Glossary 802.11i The IEEE standard for wireless security. 802.11i standard includes TKIP, CCMP, and AES encryption to improve wireless security. It is also know as WPA2. 802.1x 802.1x is a security standard for wired and wireless LANs. In the 802.1x parlance, there are usually supplicants (client), authenticator (switch or AP), and authentication server (radius server) in the network.
9. Wireless Network Glossary Bandwidth Management (Bandwidth Control) Bandwidth Management controls the transmission speed of a port, user, IP address, and application. Router can use bandwidth control to limit the Internet connection speed of individual IP or Application. It can also guarantee the speed of certain special application or privileged IP address - a crucial feature of QoS (Quality of Service) function.
9. Wireless Network Glossary DDNS Dynamic Domain Name System. An algorithm that allows the use of dynamic IP address for hosting Internet Server. A DDNS service provides each user account with a domain name. A router with DDNS capability has a built-in DDNS client that updates the IP address information to DDNS service provider whenever there is a change. Therefore, users can build website or other Internet servers even if they don't have fixed IP connection. DHCP Dynamic Hosting Configuration Protocol.
9. Wireless Network Glossary ESSID (SSID) The identification name of an 802.11 wireless network. Since wireless network has no physical boundary liked wired Ethernet network, wireless LAN needs an identifier to distinguish one network from the other. Wireless clients must know the SSID in order to associate with a WLAN network. Hide SSID feature disable SSID broadcast, so users must know the correct SSID in order to join a wireless network.
9. Wireless Network Glossary IGMP Snooping Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a Layer 3 protocol to report IP multicast memberships to neighboring multicast switches and routers. IGMP snooping is a feature that allows an Ethernet switch to "listen in" on the IGMP conversation between hosts and routers. A switch support IGMP snooping has the possibility to avoid multicast traffic being treated as broadcast traffic; therefore, reducing the overall traffic on the network.
9. Wireless Network Glossary Mbps Megabits Per Second. One million bits per second; a unit of measurement for data transmission MESH Mesh is an outdoor wireless technology that uses Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and Wireless Distribution system to achieve self-forming, self-healing, and self-configuring outdoor network. MESH network are able to take the shortest path to a destination that does not have to be in the line of site. MIMO Multi In Multi Out.
9. Wireless Network Glossary Port This word has 2 different meaning for networking. z The hardware connection point on a computer or networking device used for plugging in a cable or an adapter. z The virtual connection point through which a computer uses a specific application on a server. PPPoE Point-to- Point Protocol over Ethernet. PPPoE relies on two widely accepted standards: PPP and Ethernet.
9. Wireless Network Glossary Receiver Sensitivity Receiver sensitivity means how sensitive is the radio for receiving signal. In general; the slower the transmission speed, the more sensitive the radio is. The unit for Receiver Sensitivity is in dB; the lower the absolute value is, the higher the signal strength. For example, -50dB is higher than -80dB. RJ-45 Standard connectors for Twisted Pair copper cable used in Ethernet networks.
9. Wireless Network Glossary SSH Developed by SSH Communications Security Ltd., Secure Shell is a program to log into another computer over a network, to execute commands in a remote machine, and to move files from one machine to another. It provides strong authentication and secure communications over insecure channels. It is a replacement for rlogin, rsh, rcp, and rdist. SSL Secure Sockets Layer.
9. Wireless Network Glossary URL Uniform Resource Locator. The address of a file located on the Internet. VPN Virtual Private Network. A type of technology designed to increase the security of information transferred over the Internet. VPN creates a private encrypted tunnel from the end user's computer, through the local wireless network, through the Internet, all the way to the corporate network. WAN Wide Area Network.
9. Wireless Network Glossary WLAN Wireless Local Area Network. A type of local-area network that uses high-frequency radio waves rather than wires to communicate between nodes. The most popular standard for WLAN is the 802.11 standards. WMM Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) is a standard to prioritize traffic for multimedia applications. The WMM prioritize traffic\ on Voice-over-IP (VoIP), audio, video, and streaming media as well as traditional IP data over the AP. WMS Wireless Management System.
