6. Client + AP Mode 6.3.3 Advance (Wireless Settings) Operation Mode -> Setup -> Advance Fragmentation: When the size of a unicast frame exceeds the fragmentation threshold, it will be fragmented before the transmission. It should have a value of 256-2346 bytes, with a default of 2346. If you experience a high packet error rate, you should slightly decrease the Fragmentation Threshold. RTS Threshold: RTS/CTS frames are used to gain control of the medium for transmission.
6. Client + AP Mode the ACKtimeout manually. Preamble Type: A preamble is a signal used in wireless environment to synchronize the transmitting timing including Synchronization and Start frame delimiter. In a "noisy" network environment, the Preamble Type should be set to Long Preamble. The Short Preamble is intended for applications where minimum overhead and maximum performance is desired. If in a "noisy" network environment, the performance will be decreased.
6. Client + AP Mode Access Control List Disable: When selected, no MAC address filtering will be performed. Allow list: When selected, data traffic from only the specified devices in the table will be allowed in the network. Deny list: When selected, data traffic from the devices specified in the table will be denied/discarded by the network. 6.3.5 Associated Clients Click on this to show the current wireless clients associated to the AP.
7. Gateway + AP Mode 7 7. Gateway + AP Mode In this chapter, we will explain about the wireless settings for Gateway+AP Mode. Please be sure to read through Chapter 1.4 and Chapter 3’s “Introduction to Web Management” and “Initial Configurations” first. It is highly recommended that you use 2 directional antennas in this mode to achieve larger coverage and avoid mutual interference. If you need to use the supplied 2dBi Omni antennas, please adjust them according to the diagram below: 7.
7. Gateway + AP Mode In this mode, the WAN port is in the LAN1. radios. It can be seen as a wireless router with 2 7.2 Radio1: WISP Router Mode Settings Although both Radio1 and Radio2 are working as wireless router, the WAN configuration is on the Radio1 side.. When you select “Radio1” as the interface, the following screen will appear. 65 AirLive G.
7. Gateway + AP Mode 7.2.1 Basic Wireless Settings Band: You can choose between “802.11g/b”, “802.11g”, or “802.11b”. recommend to leave the setting at “802.11g/b”. SSID: The SSID setting of the remote AP. If you are not sure, you can click on “Site Survey” button to scan for AP. Channel: Wireless Channel used. channel 1~11. We For EU, it is channel 1~13. For U.S.A., it is 7.2.
. Gateway + AP Mode Authentication: 2 types of Authentication are offered. Open system and Shared key. If you are not sure which one to use, please select “Auto”. Key Length: The G.DUO offers 64bit and 128 bit for WEP key length. The longer the Key Length, the more secure the encryption is. Key Type: 2 types are available: ASCII and HEX. ASCII is a string of ASCII code including alphabetical characters, space, signs and numbers (i.e. “airlivepass12”).
7. Gateway + AP Mode CCMP provides better security than TKIP, some wireless client stations may not be equipped with the hardware to support it. You can select Mixed to allow TKIP clients and CCMP clients to connect to the Access Point at the same time. Pre-Shared Key Format: You can select between Passphrase(ASCII) or HEX format. Please select Passphrase if you are not sure what to use. Pre-Shared Key: Enter the password key here..
7. Gateway + AP Mode Fragmentation: When the size of a unicast frame exceeds the fragmentation threshold, it will be fragmented before the transmission. It should have a value of 256-2346 bytes, with a default of 2346. If you experience a high packet error rate, you should slightly decrease the Fragmentation Threshold. RTS Threshold: RTS/CTS frames are used to gain control of the medium for transmission.
7. Gateway + AP Mode TX Power Level: You can set your TX Output power level here. Please note the maximum allowable TX output power in EU is 20dBm. Please do not exceed your country’s legal limit. 7.2.4 Access Control Operation Mode -> Setup -> Access Control The G.DUO allows you to define a list of MAC addresses that are allowed or denied to access the wireless network. This function is available only for Access Point and Gateway modes.
7. Gateway + AP Mode 7.2.6 Signal Survey Operation Mode -> Setup -> Site Survey -> Signal Survey The Signal Survey will continuously display the SIGNAL STRENGTH value of the selected SSID for antenna alignment purpose. To use Signal Survey function, please enter the “Site Survey” function first; please refer to the instruction in the above section. Once you select the ESSID and click on the “Signal Survey” button, the following screen will appear. BSSID: This is the remote AP’s MAC address.
7. Gateway + AP Mode Clone MAC Address: In this place, you can assign a MAC address for the WAN port. In case of WISP mode, it is Radio1’s MAC address. For Gatway mode, it is the WAN/LAN1 MAC address. Enable UPnP: Check this field will enable Universal Plug n Play protocol Enable Web Server Access on WAN: Check this field will enable remote management from WAN side. 7.2.
7. Gateway + AP Mode For a list of most frequent used TCP and UDP ports. Please visit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers 7.2.9 DMZ Advanced Settings >> Multiple DMZ DMZ opens all TCP/UDP ports to particular IP address on the LAN side. up servers behind the G.DUO. It allows setting 7.2.10 DDNS Dynamic Domain Name System. An algorithm that allows the use of dynamic IP address for hosting Internet Server. A DDNS service provides each user account with a domain name. The G.
7. Gateway + AP Mode 7.2.11 DoS (Denial of Service) Denial of Service is a type of network attack that floods the network with useless traffic. Many DoS attacks, such as the Ping of Death and Teardrop attacks, exploit limitations in the TCP/IP protocols. The G.DUO provides a list of Firewall grade DoS control that protect your network from hacker attack. 7.2.12 URL Filter The G.DUO provide URL filter function to stop access to certain website.
7. Gateway + AP Mode 7.2.13 MAC Filter MAC filter can filter out traffic from certain MAC addresses. internet from certain station in the local LAN. It can prevent access to 7.2.14 IP Filter IP filtering allows you to block certain IP addresses from accessing the network. 7.2.15 Port Filter Port filtering allows you to block certain applications from accessing the network. 75 AirLive G.
7. Gateway + AP Mode 7.2.16 Router (Static Route) This allows you to manually configure static network routes. Static routes will override routes learned by standard routing protocol discover methods. 7.2.17 RIP (Routing Information Protocol Operation Mode -> Setup -> Access Control The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a dynamic routing protocol used in local and wide AirLive G.
7. Gateway + AP Mode area networks 7.3 Radio2: AP Mode Settings The Radio2 is working in Access Point Mode. The default SSID is “AirLive2”. When you select “Radio2” as the interface, the following screen will appear: 77 AirLive G.
7. Gateway + AP Mode 7.3.1 Basic Wireless Settings Band: You can choose between “802.11g/b”, “802.11g”, or “802.11b”. recommend leaving the setting at “802.11g/b”. SSID: The SSID setting of the remote AP. If you are not sure, you can click on “Site Survey” button to scan for AP. Channel: Wireless Channel used. channel 1~11. We For EU, it is channel 1~13. For U.S.A., it is 7.3.
7. Gateway + AP Mode Authentication: 2 types of Authentication are offered. Open system and Shared key. If you are not sure which one to use, please select “Auto”. Key Length: The G.DUO offers 64bit and 128 bit for WEP key length. The longer the Key Length, the more secure the encryption is. Key Type: 2 types are available: ASCII and HEX. ASCII is a string of ASCII code including alphabetical characters, space, signs and numbers (i.e. “airlivepass12”).
7. Gateway + AP Mode CCMP provides better security than TKIP, some wireless client stations may not be equipped with the hardware to support it. You can select Mixed to allow TKIP clients and CCMP clients to connect to the Access Point at the same time. Pre-Shared Key Format: You can select between Passphrase(ASCII) or HEX format. Please select Passphrase if you are not sure what to use. Pre-Shared Key: Enter the password key here..
7. Gateway + AP Mode Fragmentation: When the size of a unicast frame exceeds the fragmentation threshold, it will be fragmented before the transmission. It should have a value of 256-2346 bytes, with a default of 2346. If you experience a high packet error rate, you should slightly decrease the Fragmentation Threshold. RTS Threshold: RTS/CTS frames are used to gain control of the medium for transmission.
7. Gateway + AP Mode Isolation: Enable Isolation will prevent wireless clients to see each other on the network. TX Power Level: You can set your TX Output power level here. Please note the maximum allowable TX output power in EU is 20dBm. Please do not exceed your country’s legal limit. 7.3.4 Access Control Operation Mode -> Setup -> Access Control The G.DUO allows you to define a list of MAC addresses that are allowed or denied to access the wireless network.
7. Gateway + AP Mode 83 AirLive G.
8. WDS + AP Mode 8 8. WDS + AP Mode In this chapter, we will explain about the wireless settings for Client + AP Mode. Please be sure to read through Chapter 1.4 and Chapter 3’s “Introduction to Web Management” and “Initial Configurations” first. It is highly recommended that you use directional antenna for Radio1 in this mode to achieve larger coverage and avoid mutual interference. If you need to use the supplied 2dBi omni antennas, please adjust them according to the diagram below: 8.
8. WDS + AP Mode 8.2 Radio1: WDS Bridge Settings The Radio1 is working in WDS Bridge for connection to remote Bridge network. When you select “Radio1” as the interface, the following screen will appear. 8.2.1 Basic Wireless Settings Band: You can choose between “802.11g/b”, “802.11g”, or “802.11b”. recommend to leave the setting at “802.11g/b”. Channel: Wireless Channel used. We For EU, it is channel 1~13. For U.S.A., it is 85 AirLive G.
8. WDS + AP Mode channel 1~11. 802.11d Spanning Tree: Enable this option to prevent network loop from forming. It is highly recommended to turn on this option if you have more than 2 entries in the WDS network. You can find this function in the “System Configuration”->”LAN Interface Setup” page. 8.2.2 WDS Security Operation Mode -> Setup -> Security Settings Security settings allow you to use encryption to secure your data from eavesdropping.
8. WDS + AP Mode Shared key. If you are not sure which one to use, please select “Auto”. Key Length: The G.DUO offers 64bit and 128 bit for WEP key length. The longer the Key Length, the more secure the encryption is. Key Type: 2 types are available: ASCII and HEX. ASCII is a string of ASCII code including alphabetical characters, space, signs and numbers (i.e. “airlivepass12”). HEX is a string of 16-bit hexadecimal digits (0..9, a, b, c, d, e, f).
8. WDS + AP Mode Pre-Shared Key: Enter the password key here.. 8.2.3 Advance (Wireless Settings) Operation Mode -> Setup -> Advance Fragmentation: When the size of a unicast frame exceeds the fragmentation threshold, it will be fragmented before the transmission. It should have a value of 256-2346 bytes, with a default of 2346. If you experience a high packet error rate, you should slightly decrease the Fragmentation Threshold.
8. WDS + AP Mode the ACKtimeout automatically when the value is zero. However, you can also enter the ACKtimeout manually. Preamble Type: A preamble is a signal used in wireless environment to synchronize the transmitting timing including Synchronization and Start frame delimiter. In a "noisy" network environment, the Preamble Type should be set to Long Preamble. The Short Preamble is intended for applications where minimum overhead and maximum performance is desired.
8. WDS + AP Mode 8.2.5 Signal Survey Operation Mode -> Setup -> Site Survey -> Signal Survey The Signal Survey will continuously display the Signal Strength of the selected SSID for antenna alignment purpose. To use Signal Survey function, please enter the “Site Survey” function first; please refer to the instruction in the above section. Once you select the ESSID and click on the “Signal Survey” button, the following screen will appear. BSSID: This is the remote AP’s MAC address.
8. WDS + AP Mode 8.3 Radio2: AP Mode Settings The Radio2 is working in Access Point Mode. The default SSID is “AirLive2”. When you select “Radio2” as the interface, the following screen will appear: 8.3.1 Basic Wireless Settings Band: You can choose between “802.11g/b”, “802.11g”, or “802.11b”. recommend leaving the setting at “802.11g/b”. SSID: The SSID setting of the remote AP. If you are not sure, you can click on “Site Survey” button to scan for AP. Channel: Wireless Channel used.
8. WDS + AP Mode WPA Personal, WPA2, WPA2 Personal , WPA Mixed. WEP WEP Encryption is the oldest and most available encryption method. However, it is also the least secure. Select one of the WEP key for wireless network: There are total of 4 possible keys for WEP encryption. You need to choose which key will be used for encryption. All wireless devices on the same network have to use the same settings. We recommend using WEP Key 1 as in default setting.
8. WDS + AP Mode HEX-128: This is a key with 128-bit key length of HEX type. Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example, “1234567890abcdef1234567890” Please enter 26 WPA-Personal, WPA2-Personal, WPA-Mixed (Pre-Shared Key) The WPA Personal is also known as “WPA-PSK” encryption. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) introduces the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) that provides added security. WPA2 adds full support for 802.11i standard and the CCMP (AES Encryption).
8. WDS + AP Mode 8.3.3 Advance (Wireless Settings) Operation Mode -> Setup -> Advance Fragmentation: When the size of a unicast frame exceeds the fragmentation threshold, it will be fragmented before the transmission. It should have a value of 256-2346 bytes, with a default of 2346. If you experience a high packet error rate, you should slightly decrease the Fragmentation Threshold. RTS Threshold: RTS/CTS frames are used to gain control of the medium for transmission.
8. WDS + AP Mode Beacon Interval: The device broadcasts beacon frames regularly to announce its existence. The beacon Interval specifies how often beacon frames are transmitted in time unit of milliseconds. The default value is 100, and a valid value should be between 1 and 65,535. AckTimeOut: When a packet is sent out from one wireless station to the other, it will waits for an Acknowledgement frame from the remote station.
8. WDS + AP Mode access the wireless network. modes. This function is available only for Access Point and Gateway Access Control List Disable: When selected, no MAC address filtering will be performed. Allow list: When selected, data traffic from only the specified devices in the table will be allowed in the network. Deny list: When selected, data traffic from the devices specified in the table will be denied/discarded by the network. 8.3.
9. System Configuration Menu 9 9. System Configuration Menu In this chapter, we will explain about System Configurations in web management interface. Please be sure to read through Chapter 3’s “Introduction to Web Management” and “Initial Configurations” first. . 9.1 Menu Structure When you click on the “System Configuration” menu on the top menu bar, the following screen will appear. The system configuration includes all non-wireless settings. We will explain their functions here. 9.
9. System Configuration Menu Device IP Settings DHCP Settings 9.2.1 DHCP Settings DHCP Service: z z z You can enable or disable DHCP server here. Disable: Disable DHCP server Client: The LAN interface will get IP address from DHCP server Server(default); The G.DUO will act as DHCP server to provide IP addresses to the clients on the LAN/Wireless interface. By default, the DHCP server is on. DHCP Client Range: You can define the IP pool from which the DHCP clients can get IP address..
9. System Configuration Menu 9.2.5 Add DHCP Static Lease Client If you want to lock IP address to a MAC address, you should add DHCP clients to the “Static Lease Client”. Up to 40 entries can be entered. Below is the procedure for adding an entry: 1. Enter the MAC address of the device 2. Enter the IP address of the device 3. Click on the “Add” button 9.3 Time Settings System Configuration ->Time Settings You can set the NTP Time Server for your G.DUO’s internal clock here.
9. System Configuration Menu 2. 3. 4. Select your time Zone Select your NTP server Click on “Apply Change” 9.4 Password Settings System Configuration -> Password Settings The G.DUO’s password protection is turned off by default. To enable password protection or change password, just enter your username and password, and click on “Apply Change” button. 9.
9. System Configuration Menu CLI (Command Line Interface): You can enable or disable Telnet and SSH management interface from here. Public Key Upload: You can upload your public for the SSH authentication here. System Timeout Value: This is the time the AP will wait when there is no configuration activity, then it will log out the user. We strongly recommend to leave the value at zero. 9.6 SNMP Settings System Configuration -> SNMP Settings The G.DUO’s SNMP management is OFF by default.
9. System Configuration Menu messages are generated (by the router) and sent to in the network. up to 3 trap servers in the system. You can define 9.7 Watchdog System Configuration -> Watchdog The Ping Watchdog will ping remote IP addresses to make sure the wireless connection is active, if not, it can either reconnect or reboot. To prevent the AP from power recycling, the PING watchdog will start 10 minutes after power up to prevent power recycle problem.
9. System Configuration Menu Upgrade Firmware: To update the G.DUO firmware, first download the firmware from AirLive web site to your local disk. Please do not use the firmware for Emergency Upgrade, it might damage your AP!. Then from the above screen enter the path and filename of the firmware file (or click Browse to locate the firmware file). Next, Click the Upgrade button to start. The new firmware will be loaded to your G.DUO.
9. System Configuration Menu Step 2 Click on “Save to” and Enter the path of the configuration file to save-to. Restore Setting: Step 1: Choose the Recovery Options All: Restore all settings Networks: Only restore the network parameters, not including wireless Wireless: Only restore the wireless settings. Step 2: Enter the file name in the “Load Settings from File” field. button to location the location of the file. Step3: Click on “Upload” button to restore settings. Or click on “Browse” 9.
10. Device Status Menu 10 10. Device Status Menu In this chapter, we will explain the “Device Status” menu in the web management interface. Before you read this chapter, please make sure to read through chapter 3 on “Introduction to Web Management Interface. 10.1 Menu Structure When you click on the “Device Status” on the top menu bar, the sub menu for device status will appear. 10.2 Device Information This page shows the general information about G.
10. Device Status Menu clients in AP WAN Configuration: WAN configuration tells you the current status of WAN port such as IP address and connection status. 10.3 Statistic This page shows the sent and received packet information for Radio1, Radio2, LAN, and WAN interface. AirLive G.
10. Device Status Menu 10.4 Client Table (ARP Table) This table is also known as ARP table. It will show all wireless and wired device connected to the G.DUO. If you want to look at the wireless clients only, you can go to the “Wireless Settings” page in AP or Gateway mode for “Show Client” button. 10.5 Log The log function is where you can check for error messages for diagnostic purpose. Enable Log: Check this box to enable log function.
11. Emergency Firmware Recovery 11 11. Emergency Firmware Recovery The G.DUO features emergency firmware upgrade function that can restore your AP from a firmware crashed. If you can’t access your AP anymore, please first try to restore the setting to default by holding the RESET button (in the back) for more than 7 seconds. You should be able to find the AP at 192.168.1.254. If you can’t find it, then please perform the emergency upgrade. The Emergency Upgrade requires special G.
11. Emergency Firmware Recovery Fig 1-2 : Press and hold the reset button while plugging in the power. 6. Open a browser; type “192.168.1.6” for the website address. The following screen should show up 7. Click the “Browse” button, select and open the correct firmware file. This firmware file is different from the Web upgradeable firmware. Please go to www.airlive.com to G.DUO’s support page and download the special firmware for emergency upgrade. 8. Click on “UPGRADE” button. completed. 9.
12. Frequent Asked Questions 12. Frequent Asked Questions 12 In this chapter, we will address some frequent asked questions about G.DUO Question: Why is there no password protection for G.DUO? Answer: By default, the password protection is turned off for G.DUO. Please go to “System Configuration -> Password Settings”, then enter a new set of username and password to turn it on.
12. Frequent Asked Questions ==================================================================== Question: When I wan to use “Site Survey” tool to connect with a AP that has no encryption, why does the G.DUO report “encryption type mismatch!” and ask me to configure the wireless security settings? Answer: When you press “Connect” from site survey, the G.DUO will first check if the current wireless encryption setting is correct. If not, it will ask you to modify the setting.
12. Frequent Asked Questions Question: Why can’t I get SNMP access? Answer: The SNMP management interface is turned off by default. Please go to “System Configuration-> SNMP Management” menu to enable it. ==================================================================== Question: Where is the POE port for G.DUO? Answer: The PoE system used for G.DUO is 12V Passive PoE. LAN1 is also used as the passive PoE port.
13. Specifications 13 13. Specifications The specification of G.DUO is subject to change without notice. information with caution. Please use the 13.1 Hardware Features 13.1.
13. Specifications 13.2 Radio Specifications 13.2.1 Frequency Band USA (FCC) 11 Channels: 2.412GHz~2.462GHz Europe (ETSI) 13 Channels : 2.412GHz~2.472GHz d 13.2.3 Rate and Modulation Data Rate: 54, 48, 36, 24, 18,11, 5.5, 2, 1 Mbps Modulation 11g Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (64QAM, 16QAM, QPSK, BPSK) 11b Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (CCK, DQPSK, DBPSK) 13.2.
13. Specifications 9 Mbps 11 Mbps 12 Mbps 18 Mbps 24 Mbps 36 Mbps 48 Mbps 54 Mbps -86 -85 -85 -84 -80 -78 -73 -72 RF2 Data Rate 1 Mbps 2 Mbps 5.5 Mbps 6 Mbps 9 Mbps 11 Mbps 12 Mbps 18 Mbps 24 Mbps 36 Mbps 48 Mbps 54 Mbps SIGNAL STRENGTH (dB) -90 -88.5 -88 -83 -83 -84 -83 -82 -81 -77 -74 -71 13.2.6 Supported WLAN Mode WISP + AP Mode Dual AP Mode Client + AP Mode Gateway + AP Mode WDS + AP Mode 13.
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14. Wireless Network Glossary 14 14. Wireless Network Glossary The wireless network glossary contains explanation or information about common terms used in wireless networking products. Some of information in this glossary might be outdated, please use with caution. 802.3ad 802.3ad is an IEEE standard for bonding or aggregating multiple Ethernet ports into one virtual port (also known as trunking) to increase the bandwidth. 802.3af This is the PoE (Power over Ethernet) standard by IEEE committee. 803.
14. Wireless Network Glossary 802.11g A standard provides a throughput up to 54 Mbps using OFDM technology. It also operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency band as 802.11b. 802.11g devices are backward compatible with 802.11b devices. 802.11i The IEEE standard for wireless security. 802.11i standard includes TKIP, CCMP, and AES encryption to improve wireless security. It is also know as WPA2. 802.1x 802.1x is a security standard for wired and wireless LANs. In the 802.
14. Wireless Network Glossary due to waiting for the Ack Window to timeout on lost packets. If the ACK setting is too low then the ACK window will have expired and the returning packet will be dropped, greatly lowering throughput. By having the ability to adjust the ACK setting we can effectively optimize the throughput over long distance links. This is especially true for 802.11a and 802.11g networks.
14. Wireless Network Glossary device means end user device such as wireless cards or wireless CPE. CPE Devices CPE stands for Customer Premises Equipment. A CPE is a device installed on the end user's side to receive network services. For example, on an ADSL network, the ADSL modem/router on the subscriber's home is the CPE device. Wireless CPE means a complete Wireless (usually an AP with built-in Antenna) that receive wireless broadband access from the WISP. The opposite of CPE is CO.
14. Wireless Network Glossary Domain Name The unique name that identifies an Internet site. Domain Names always have 2 or more parts, separated by dots. In www.airlive.com, the "airlive.com" is the doman name. DoS Attack Denial of Service. A type of network attack that floods the network with useless traffic. Many DoS attacks, such as the Ping of Death and Teardrop attacks, exploit limitations in the TCP/IP protocols. Encryption Encoding data to prevent it from being read by unauthorized people.
14. Wireless Network Glossary Fragment Threshold Frame Size larger than this will be divided into smaller fragment. If there are interferences in your area, lower this value can improve the performance. If there are not, keep this parameter at higher value. The default size is 2346. You can try 1500, 1000, or 500 when there are interference around your network. Gateway In the global Internet network, the gateways are core routers that connect networks in different IP subnet together.
14. Wireless Network Glossary server or a workstation) within that network. The new IPv6 specification supports 128-bit IP address format. IPsec IP Security. A set of protocols developed by the IETF to support secure exchange of packets at the IP layer. IPsec has been deployed widely to implement Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). IPsec supports two encryption modes: Transport and Tunnel. Transport mode encrypts only the data of each packet, but leaves the header untouched.
14. Wireless Network Glossary increase the receiver sensitivity and to focus available power at intended Rx. NAT Network Address Translation. A network algorithm used by Routers to enables several PCs to share single IP address provided by the ISP. The IP that a router gets from the ISP side is called Real IP, the IP assigned to PC under the NAT environment is called Private IP. Node A network connection end point, typically a computer. Packet A unit of data sent over a network.
14. Wireless Network Glossary PPPoE Point-to- Point Protocol over Ethernet. PPPoE relies on two widely accepted standards: PPP and Ethernet. PPPoE is a specification for connecting the users on an Ethernet to the Internet through a common broadband medium, such as a single DSL line, wireless device or cable modem. PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol: A VPN protocol developed by PPTP Forum. With PPTP, users can dial in to their corporate network via the Internet.
14. Wireless Network Glossary slower the transmission speed, the more sensitive the radio is. The unit for Receiver Sensitivity is in dB; the lower the absolute value is, the higher the signal strength. For example, -50dB is higher than -80dB. RJ-45 Standard connectors for Twisted Pair copper cable used in Ethernet networks. Although they look similar to standard RJ-11 telephone connectors, RJ-45 connectors can have up to eight wires, whereas telephone connectors have only four.
14. Wireless Network Glossary firmware to provide SNMP configuration service. The NMS typically is a PC based software such as HP Openview that can view and manage SNMP network device remotely. SSH Developed by SSH Communications Security Ltd., Secure Shell is a program to log into another computer over a network, to execute commands in a remote machine, and to move files from one machine to another. It provides strong authentication and secure communications over insecure channels.
14. Wireless Network Glossary TX Output Power Transmit Output Power. The TX output power means the transmission output power of the radio. Normally, the TX output power level limit for 2.4GHz 11g/b is 20dBm at the antenna end. The output power limit for 5GHz 802.11a is 30dBm at the antenna end.. UDP User Datagram Protocol. A layer-4 network protocol for transmitting data that does not require acknowledgement from the recipient of the data.
14. Wireless Network Glossary Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity. An interoperability certification for wireless local area network (LAN) products based on the IEEE 802.11 standards. The governing body for Wi-Fi is called Wi-Fi Alliance (also known as WECA). WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. A Wireless Metropolitan Network technology that complies with IEEE 802.16 and ETSI Hiperman standards. The orginal 802.16 standard call for operating frequency of 10 to 66Ghz spectrum. The 802.
14. Wireless Network Glossary WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access. It is an encryption standard proposed by WiFi for advance protection by utilizing a password key (TKIP) or certificate. It is more secure than WEP encryption. The WPA-PSK utilizes pre-share key for encryption/authentication. WPA2 Wi-Fi Protected Access 2. WPA2 is also known as 802.11i. It improves on the WPA security with CCMP and AES encryption. The WPA2 is backward compatible with WPA.
