411- 1333 - 202 Reunion BTR 28 GHz Sub-Bands 28-01P1, 28-01P2 and 28-07P Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide Release 1.
Reunion BTR 28 GHz Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide Document number: 411- 1333 - 202.01.02 Product release: Release 1.2 Document version: Preliminary Date: March 1999 Copyright Country of printing Confidentiality Legal statements Trademarks 1999 Northern Telecom Northern Telecom Ltd., all rights reserved Printed in Canada NORTHERN TELECOM CONFIDENTIAL: The information contained in this document is the property of Northern Telecom.
v Publication history September 1998 • • Draft release of the document Information subject to change • • Preliminary release of the document Information subject to change March 1999 BTR 28 GHz Installation Guide
vi Publication history 411- 1333 - 202.01.
vii About this guide Purpose This guide provides the information required to install and operate the BTR 28 GHz outdoor microwave transceiver. The BTR 28 GHz is a key microwave component in the Nortel Reunion base station providing transmission facility for two-way digital wireless voice, data and video communications. The BTR 28 GHz is one of the RF (Radio Frequency) products that constitute a Nortel Reunion product line.
viii Organization 1. This Guide is divided into eight sections: • Product Overview describes the BTR’s components and theory of operation. • Pre-Installation describes the basics of handling the equipment upon arrival. • Reunion Safety Standards provide a quick review of general safety guidelines. • Installing the BTR 28 GHz explains how to physically install the transceiver. • BTR 28 GHz Maintenance describes basic maintenance procedures to ensure that the transceiver is operating correctly.
ix Documentation Suite This Reunion Release has a suite of fifteen documents: Reunion System Overview, 411- 1343 - 010 Reunion Network Node Equipment Installation Guide, 411- 1313 - 200 Reunion NIU 6054 Network Interface Unit Installation Guide, Release 1.2, 411- 1323 - 201 Reunion NIU 6154 Network Interface Unit Installation Guide, Release 1.2, 411- 1323 - 202 Reunion NIU 5008 Network Interface Unit Installation Guide, Release 1.
x Customer Support In addition, Nortel Networks Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) provides 24-hour customer service and technical support to ensure your service operation is trouble-free. If you have questions or need technical support, contact Nortel Networks Broadband Wireless Access at the following telephone numbers: • In the USA and Canada, call 972-BWA-ETAS/972-292-3827 • Fax (204) 631-2475 Write Nortel Networks at: • Nortel Networks Broadband Wireless Access 14 Fultz Blvd.
xi Contents Publication history v About this guide vii Purpose vii Audience vii Organization viii Documentation Suite ix Customer Support x Contents xi BTR 28 GHz Release 1.
xii Mechanical Checks 1-29 BTR 28 GHz Diagnostic Reference Chart 1-30 Grounding and Surge Protection 2-1 Grounding/Lightning Protection 2-1 Scope 2-1 Grounding Methods/Indoor Equipment 2-1 Wire Gauge Guidelines 2-2 Outdoor Equipment: the need for surge (lightning) protection 2-3 Ground connections to outdoor equipment 2-7 Regulatory Considerations 2-10 List of terms 411- 1333 - 202.01.
1-1 1 BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 Product Overview The BTR 28 GHz outdoor transceiver is a state-of-the-art broadband microwave transceiver designed to operate in the 27.5485 to 27.745 GHz frequency band downstream and the 28.5565 to 28.7525 GHz frequency band upstream. It is a combined broadband transmitter and receiver deployed in Reunion’s point-to-multipoint system. It is compatible with Reunion’s Release 1.2 equipment. The BTR 28 GHz transceiver is mounted on a pole or a building.
1-2 BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 Figure 1-1 BTR 28 GHz Block Diagram Diplexer IF/PS Input To Monitor Board Power Supply Dectector TX Filter P. Amp DRO 12 VDC Antenna Mixer LO Test Port Mixer RX Filter LNA IF Test Port IF Output IF AMP Modem/Monitor To RSM 9016 Alarm ÕV GND 12V Dectector How the BTR 28 GHz Works This section provides an overview of the theory of operation for the BTR 28 GHz outdoor transceiver.
BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 1-3 1. The BTR transceiver’s input coaxial cable carries the IF signals and the power supply to the diplexer. The diplexer distributes the power to the power supply unit and interfaces with the mixer for the IF signals. 2. The 450-650 MHz transmit IF signals enter the mixer which upconverts the signals to the 27.5485-27.7485 GHz band for the transmit path. The received RF band is downconverted to a receive signal in the 358-558 MHz range. 3.
1-4 BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 BTR 28 GHz Specification Table 1: BTR 28 GHz Technical Specifications TX IF Input RF Output Frequency Range 28-01P1 538-650 MHz 27.5485-27.6605 GHz 28-01P2 27.6325-27.7445 GHz 28-07P 29.1-29.25 GHz Output Level (P1 dB) ≥27 dBm, -40° to +30° C ≥26.7 dBm, +31° to +50° C ≥26.2 dBm, +51° to +55° C Output Level (IP3) > +35 dBm Input Impedance 50 Ohms Input/Output Connector N-Type Female WR-28 Input/Output VSWR 1.8:1, maximum 1.
BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 1-5 Antenna BTR Frequency 27.5-29.5 GHz Gain +15.
1-6 BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 RX RF Input RX Test Port 411- 1333 - 202.01.
BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 1-7 BTR 28 GHz Component Descriptions Diplexer / Power Supply The diplexer separates the IF input signals and the DC power supply. The isolation between the IF path and the power supply path is more than 45 dB. There is also a transient voltage protector on the board to protect the transceiver from possible lightning damage. The 48 VDC power from the diplexer is first regulated to 12 VDC, and then sent to all the modules. Mixer The BTR 28 GHz uses a third harmonic mixer.
1-8 BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 Low Noise Amplifier The low noise amplifier (LNA) provides gain in the receive path and amplifies the received microwave signals to the mixer. The gain and noise figure of the LNA are chosen to maximize the overall dynamic range and noise performance of the BTR 28 GHz receiver section. IF Amplifier The IF amplifier provides gain in the downconverted received signals to the required level. It uses a VHF amplifier with 50 Ohms input and output impedance.
BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 1-9 Pre-Installation Prevention of Access Allow only authorized personnel to access the equipment. Install the equipment in a restricted-access location or similar environment. Failure to prevent unauthorized user access invalidates the equipment warranty. Unpacking Shipment Use the following steps to unpack and inspect the shipment of Nortel Broadband Wireless Access equipment: 1. Copy adequate inventory forms 2.
1-10 BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 Reunion Safety Standards Safety and safety considerations are important while using Nortel Broadband Wireless Access equipment. Safety Disclaimer The safety standards discussed in this guide cannot address all safety problems associated with their use or all applicable regulatory requirements. The customers are responsible for establishing appropriate safety and health practices and for determining the applicability of regulatory limitations before their use.
BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 1-11 Installing the BTR 28 GHz Installation is performed in three separate operations: • attaching the antenna • installing the tower equipment • installing the indoor equipment Attaching the Antenna Attach the antenna to the BTR as follows: Ensure that you attach the antenna to the BTR radio at the base station prior to mounting the BTR 28 GHz to the pole. 1. Align the antenna with the two dowel pins that act as an index. 2.
1-12 BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 Installing the Tower Equipment Install the BTR 28 GHz microwave transceiver as follows: The radio mounting saddle has no paint on the inside surface in order to provide a grounding. 1. Ensure that the radio mounting surface on the pole is free of paint to provide a grounding. 2. Mount the BTR 28 GHz to a stable pole using the supplied mounting brackets. The mounting brackets accommodate poles with outside diameters from 2.5" to 4.5". See Figures 1-11, 1-12, 1-15, 1-16, and 1-21.
BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 1-13 Dual Mount Bracket The dual mount bracket provides a single mounting facility for both the primary and the redundant microwave transceivers, and the RPE 9000. In turn, it is mounted on the single pole facility supplied by the network operator. The installer can adjust the elevation of either the individual transceiver or both transceivers in unison. The installer can adjust the lateral angle of the entire radio assembly.
1-14 BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 Installing the Dual Mount Bracket Installation involves five separate operations: • • • • • installing the stabilizing collar mounting the RPE to the dual mount bracket mounting the dual mount bracket to the mounting pole mounting radios to the bracket mounting the adjustment arm to the dual mount bracket Installing the Stabilizing Collar Bolt the saddle bracket and clamp to the mounting pole. Refer to Figure 1-2.
BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 1-15 Installing the Radios Install the primary transceiver on the left exterior side of the dual mount bracket (front view). Refer to Figure 1-3. Insert the compression lug, adjacent to the unpainted area of the bracket unit, and secure with 3/8" screw and flat and spring washers. Crimp a number 6 AWG ground wire to the lug. Insert the top two 3/8" screws and secure with flat and spring washers. Position the back-up transceiver on the right interior side of the bracket (front view).
1-16 BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 Figure 1-3 Dual Mount Bracket-Front View RPE unit Primary Transceiver Back-up Transceiver Antenna Adjustment Arm/Handle Assembly Figure 1-4 Dual Mount Bracket-Bottom View Saddle Bracket Mounting Pole Heat Sink BTR Transceiver RPE unit Adjustment Arm Antenna 411- 1333 - 202.01.
BTR 28 GHz Release 1.
1-18 BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 Figure 1-7 Dual Mount Bracket-Adjustment Above Horizon 7° Figure 1-8 Dual Mount Bracket-Adjustment Below Horizon 23° 411- 1333 - 202.01.
BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 1-19 Installing Indoor Equipment Both the primary and the redundant BTR 28 GHzs are connected to and switched by the RPE 9000. The RPE 9000 is connected to both the RSM 9016 and the RSM 9116. The RSM 9016 is connected to the SMMs, while the RSM 9116 is connected to the SDMs. The RSM 9016, RSM 9116, SMMs (Signal Modulator Module) and SDMs (Signal Demodulator Module) are installed in the NNE (Network Node Equipment unit).
1-20 BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 Figure 1-10 BTR 28 GHz Side View Antenna Flange Screw Scews to hold lens H Lens Antenna Center of Gravity V Remove bottom screw for drainage Connectors 411- 1333 - 202.01.
BTR 28 GHz Release 1.
1-22 BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 Figure 1-12 BTR 28 GHz Mounted to a Pole Center of Gravity Screw Brackets Antenna BTR 28 GHz Mount Pole Connectors 411- 1333 - 202.01.
BTR 28 GHz Release 1.
1-24 BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 Figure 1-15 BTR 28 GHz-Bracket Components Figure 1-16 BTR 28 GHz Brackets Brackets attached to BTR 28 GHz 411- 1333 - 202.01.
BTR 28 GHz Release 1.
1-26 BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 Figure 1-19 BTR 28 GHz Antenna Flange Fin array (heat sink) Flange Dowel Pin Hole Dowel Pin Hole Connectors Antenna Mounting Hole Pole Bracket Figure 1-20 BTR 28 GHz Radio Flange Fin array (heat sink) Antenna Mounting Hole Connectors Pole Bracket 411- 1333 - 202.01.
BTR 28 GHz Release 1.
1-28 BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 Figure 1-23 BTR prototype showing antenna Fin Array Antenna Flange Support Boss Connectors Antenna 411- 1333 - 202.01.
BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 1-29 BTR 28 GHz Maintenance Establish a regular check procedure. This quickly identifies any problem which might develop. There are no repairable internal components in the BTR 28 GHz. Therefore, the checks focus on the exterior features of the transceiver unit. Mechanical Checks Check the following mechanical areas to prevent problems: 1. Check the bolts and fasteners which hold the transceiver, waveguides, and antenna. Vibrations due to wind can cause bolts and fasteners to loosen.
1-30 BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 BTR 28 GHz Diagnostic Reference Chart Symptom Possible Cause Check Procedure Output power low 1. VHF input signal level low. a. Check VHF signal level. b. Check coaxial cable. c. Check cable connectors. d. Check blockage (for example guano) No power a. Check main fuse power b. Check cable connections If you detect any problem during the electrical and mechanical checks, contact Nortel Broadband Wireless Access so that action can be taken to rectify the problem.
BTR 28 GHz Release 1.
1-32 BTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 411- 1333 - 202.01.
2-1 2 Grounding and Surge Protection Grounding/Lightning Protection Scope This chapter presents guidelines for the grounding and electrical protection of Reunion equipment in typical buildings, assuming 1. indoor equipment is installed in an appropriate equipment room and 2. outdoor equipment is installed on rooftops using a pole mount. Further, Nortel Networks assumes building electrical systems comply with the appropriate national and local regulations.
2-2 Grounding and Surge Protection Figure 2-1 Typical Grounding configuration for Indoor Equipment Collector Cable Cabinet 1 Cabinet 2 Cabinet 3 Cabinet N Mesh Connection SPG The single point ground (SPG) represents the connection of IBN to the building grounding system. Wire Gauge Guidelines Main bonding conductors All main bonding conductors in the equipment room shall be No. 2 AWG or larger copper wires.
Grounding and Surge Protection 2-3 Outdoor Equipment: the need for surge (lightning) protection Apart from the need to provide good grounding for safety, outdoor equipment is subject to more environmental hazards than is indoor equipment. Radio communication equipment, with antennas mounted well above ground level, have conductive parts exposed to lightning. Safety needs are met by grounding practices and protection needs are met by a combination of grounding and protective devices.
2-4 Grounding and Surge Protection mounting plate should be considered as an alternative bonding to the preferred technique of separately bonding each BTR and RPE. The size of the bonding wire should be #6 AWG. The coaxial cable shall be bonded at least at the RPE/BTR/CTR and at the building entry. For a tower higher than 30 meters (98 ft), the cable shall be bonded at 30 meter intervals. The size of the bonding conductor shall be #6 AWG or larger.
Grounding and Surge Protection 2-5 Figure 2-2 Rooftop Installation of Reunion Base Radio Equipment NOTE Lightning rod The outer coaxial cable conductor is bonded (grounded) at the building entrance and at the customer premise transceiver (CTR). Steel pipe mount 6.4 cm (2.5 in.) 1 m 3.3 ft CTR Building entrance Grounding plate to common bonding network Surge arrestors 2 m ± 30 cm 6.6 ± 1.
2-6 Grounding and Surge Protection Figure 2-3 Rooftop Installation of Reunion Base Radio Equipment Lightning rod NOTE The outer conductor of the coaxial cable is grounded at the building ground’s entrance and at the BTR. On the building side, the RPE comes equipped with surge arrestors. 1 m 3.3 ft Steel pipe mount 6.4 cm (2.5 in.) BTR Redundant radios BTR Surge arrestors Building entrance RPE Grounding plate Surge arrestors to common bonding network 411- 1333 - 202.01.
Grounding and Surge Protection 2-7 Ground connections to outdoor equipment The grounding lug is supplied with all current releases of outdoor brackets. In addition, a 6 AWG braided ground wire connected to the common bonding network is required to complete the ground connection for all microwave products. Note: There is no grounding lug supplied with previously-released microwave products. To retrofit these installations, order one retrofit kit for each sector and use the following procedures.
2-8 Grounding and Surge Protection Figure 2-4 Grounding the BTR and RPE BTR Internal tooth lock washer Existing socket head capscrew Existing split lock washer Internal tooth lock washer Cable (not provided) RPE Existing flat washer Existing Hex head capscrew Cable (not provided) Retrofit procedure for grounding the customer premise equipment (CTR) You will need an NTVG15CA CTR grounding retrofit kit for every CTR to be retrofitted, containing the following parts: Item Qty Vendor part no.
Grounding and Surge Protection 2-9 Use the following method to install the kit on the CTR, referring to Figure 2-5: 1 Install the ¼” stainless steel hex bolt, stainless steel flat washer and the stainless steel internal tooth washer through one of the four holes in the CTR. (Refer to Figure 2-5 for the hole location.) 2 Install a stainless steel internal tooth washer, stainless steel flatwasher and the 1/4” nut onto the assembly installed in Step 1.
2-10 Grounding and Surge Protection Regulatory Considerations Electrical 1. UL1950/IEC950 Lightning protection 1. UL1492 2. IEC 65 3. IEEE/ANSI C62.41 4. Bellcore GR-1089-CORE 5. ANSI/NFPA 780 Lightning Protection Code Grounding 1. CCITT Rec K.27 2. Corporate Standard 4122, Grounding of Communication Systems It is assumed that building construction complies with NEC Article 250 (US) or CEC Section 10 (Canada).
3-1 3 List of terms AC Alternating Current Air Terminal Another name for lightning rod AWG American Wire Gauge CBN Common Bonding Network DBMS Digital Broadband Microwave System DC Direct Current DRO Dielectric Resonance Oscillator Earthing Another term for grounding used by safety agencies. Earthing is the term often seen in safety standards.
3-2 List of terms IBN Isolated Bonding Network IC Industry Canada IF Intermediate Frequency kHz kilohertz, one thousand hertz or cycles per second LO Local Oscillator LNA Low Noise Amplifier LNB Low Noise Block Downconverter MHz MegaHertz, one million hertz or cycles per second NIU Network Interface Unit OCXO Oven-Controlled Crystal Oscillator PA Power Amplifier PS Power Supply QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, which entails modulating frequency RF Radio Frequency RPE Radio Power Extractor 411- 1333 -
List of terms 3-3 RSM Redundancy Switching Matrix RSM 9016/9116 Redundancy System Monitor SDM Signal Demodulator Module SMM Signal Modulator Module SPG Single Point Ground VAC Voltage Alternating Current VDC Voltage Direct Current (Volts Direct Current) VHF Very High Frequency BTR 28 GHz Installation Guide Release 1.
3-4 List of terms 411- 1333 - 202.01.
Family Product Manual Contacts Copyright Confidentiality Legal statements DocInfo
Reunion BTR 28 GHz Installation Guide Nortel Broadband Wireless Access 14 Fultz Blvd. Winnipeg, Manitoba R3Y 1V3 Phone: 972-BWA-ETAS/972-292-3827; Fax: 204-631-2475 1-800-4-NORTEL (1-800-466-7835) http://www.nortel.com 1999 Northern Telecom Northern Telecom Ltd., all rights reserved NORTHERN TELECOM CONFIDENTIAL: The information contained in this document is the property of Northern Telecom.
