Nikon Autofocus Sp-ee(tligtlt INSTRUCTION MANUAL
e===============CONTENTS================~ FOREWORO ... ... . ................. .... . "" 3 NOMENCLATURE "" " .. ... " " .. " ..... ... .. .. . 4-6 BASIC OPERATION ... .............................. 7-12 Installing Batteries.. ............... . .... . 7 Attaching Flash Unit to Camera Accessory Shoe ..... 8 Programmed TTL Auto Flash Shooting (with Nikon F-501 I N2020, F-401 I N4004 or F-301 / N2000) ......................... 9-10 Flash Shooting ... .. ...................... .........
~==FOREWORDI====-. Thank you for purchasing the Nikon Autofocus Speedlight S8-22. We hope the S8-22 will make photography a much bigger part of your life. Get to know your S8-22, but before using it, be sure to read both your camera instruction manual and this manual. Nikon cannot be held responsible for malfunctions resulting from use of the S8-22 other than as specified in this man· ual, or from use of the S8-22 with a camera made by a manufacturer other than Nikon.
NOMENCLATURE Flash head Bounce angle indicators For bounce flash shooting, see page 41 . Battery cover indices Battery chamber cover Autolocus assist illuminator LED See pages 13 to 15. Light sensor lor non·TTL auto flash operation External power source terminal Accepts power cord from Nikon DC Unit SD·7 .
Wide-flash adapter Covers the picture · angle of lenses 28 mm or longer. Slides out and covers the flash head (see page 36). Aperture selection/shooting distance range panel See pages 17 to 31 . Sync/multiple flash terminal For (1) off-camera operation with a sync cord and (2) multiple flash photography in manual flash operation (page 46). Before using the SB-22, peel off the protective paper covering the panel.
Aperture index windows Used in automatic operation . Flash mode indicators Flash mode selector Aperture scale window Aperture/distance index windows for MD mode Film speed scale window Film speed index Film speed setting knob Flash shooting distance range indicators The patterned bar (fourth bar from the top) shows programmed TTL auto flash information. Normal (35mm)/Wide (28mm) index windows Distance scale window Ready·light See page 34 . Bounce set indicator Blinks when flash head is tilted .
BASIC O P E R A T I O N - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Installing Batteries 1. Slide down the battery chamber cover and lift it out. 2 Load four 1.5 V AA·type • penlight alkaline· manganese or manganese batteries or 1.2V NiCd bat· teries into the battery chamber. 3 To reattach battery • chamber cover, align the black indices on the cover and flash unit, then slide the cover up as far as it goes. For battery information, see page 50.
4 Turn the mounting foot • lock nut clockwise as far as it goes. 5 Slide mounting foot • forward into the camera's accessory shoe as far as it goes. I ~----------------, With Nikon F3·series cameras with DE·2 or \ I I I I \ DE·3 finder: Attach Flash Unit Coupler AS-4 or AS-7 to camera 's accessory shoe before mounting the S8-22. The S8 -22 cannot be mounted on F3-series camera with the other finders . ~----------------8 I I I I I 6. Tighten lock nut firmly.
Programmed TTL Auto Flash Shooting (with Nikon F-501/N2020, F-401/N4004 or F-301/N2000) Steps 7 through 9 provide instructions for programmed TTL auto flash shooting with the Nikon F-501 /N2020*, F-401lN4004** or F-301/N 2000* camera. For other flash exposure operations (TTL auto, non-TTL auto and manual flash exposure operations) see "SETTING CAMERA SHUTTER SPEED " on page 16 and " DETERMINING APERTURE," pages 17 to 32. * The Nikon N2020 and N2000 are sold exclusively in the U.S.A. and Canadian markets.
With F·301/N2000 8 Set camera to a programmed exposure mode (P DUAL, P • or P HI for F-501/N2020; P or P HI for F-301/N2000)_ With the Nikon F·401/N4004, set the camera to either program auto (aperture dial to S, shutter speed dial to A) or shutter-priority auto (aper· ture dial to S, shutter speed dial to desired speed) exposure mode. 10 9 Set lens to minimum • aperture (largest f-number)_ With AF Nikkor lenses, lock lens aperture at minimum setting. (See the lens instruction manual).
Flash Shooting 10. Set power switch to 5TBY (standby 11. Make sure bounce angle is set at 0 0 • position) to turn on 5B·22. LED indicating selected flash mode immediately lights up. '. I • I I \ ~----------------~ If the flash head is tilted, '. the bounce set indicator blinks. For bounce flash photograph , see page 41.
. Lightly press shutter 13. Fully depress shutter release button and viewfinder ready-light comes on to indicate flash is ready to fire. release button to take picture. ( .----------- • • I I _ \ - ..... For blinking ready· '. light warnings, see page 35. I .... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fIIIIII" 12 I I I I Unless viewfinder ready·light blinks after the shot, your flash exposure will be perfect ; if it does blink, pic' ture may be underexposedmove closer to subject. I """'--------- .....
AUTOFOCUS FLASH PHOTOGRAPHY (with Nikon F-501/N2020 or F-401/N4004)I ~----------------, \ In programmed TTL au tofocus flash photog· raphy, use film wi th a film speed speci fied in th e table below for greater depth of field : Lens ma ximum aperture Lens only F-501 I N2020 with TC·16A Film speed 1/2 .8 or laster ISO 50 or higher Slower than 1/2.8 ISO 100 or higher 1/1.4 or 1/1 .2 ISO 50 or higher 1/1 .8 , 1/2 , 1/2.5 or fl2 .
2. Set aperture. With Nikon F·401/N4004, use camera 's aperture dial. Don 't forget to lock lens at minimum position. For other flash operations, set as follows : Lens maximum aperture For programmed TTL operation, set to smallest lens aperture (largest f·number) and lock the lens aperture. (For details, see the lens instruction manual). f/2 .8 or faster f/2 .8 or larger f·number (f/2 .8, f/4 , f/5 .6, etc.) Slower than f/2.8 f/5 .6 or larger f-number (t/5 .6, f/8 , f/11, etc.) F·501l N2020 f/1.
, 0 " 3. Lightly press camera shutter release button. When ready-light comes on but ambient light is insufficient for autofocus operation, AF illuminator fires to start autofocus operation. If ambient light is sufficient, the AF illuminator does not fire . " 4 Confirm whether the green in· focus • indicator LED lights up, then fully depress the shutter release button. If focus-nat-possible indicator LED ( x ) remains lit when using the Nikon F-501/N2020, or if focus indicator LED ( .
SETTING CAMERA SHUTTER S P E E D - - - - - - - - Set came ra's shutter speed , referring to the table below. Nikon camera s~~~~~Or!~~t.ifn Camera setting P DUAL IF·501/N2020 only). P. PHI F·501/N2020· F·301/N2000 · 1/125 or slower A. 1/2000-1/2505Oc . 1/125-lsee. and 6 Aperture dial A S A 1.4-32 1/100 or slower 1/2000 - 1/1255Oc. S 1/60-lsee. S 1/2000 -1 1125s.c. 1.4 -32 1/60 - ls.c . and 6 1.4 -32 All shutler speed settings except M250 and 6 in P. S and A mod.s 1/4000 -1/500see .
DETERMINING A P E R T U R E - - - - - - - - - - - - TTL Mode (for TTL Automatic Flash Exposure Control) TTL mode is for exclusive use with Nikon F-50 1/N2020, F-401 /N4004, F-301/N2000, FA, FE2 and FG cameras only. For TTL auto fl ash operation with the Nikon F-501/N2020, F-401 /N4004 or F-301/N2000, be sure to set the camera to aperture priority auto or manual exposure mode .
2.Align film speed in use with the film speed index. Note: Lines between the numbers on the film speed scale represent intermediate settings. (See illustration) 32 :~~:25 8P~:50 125-........= 100 160-= 200 ;~~/~ 400 500~: 800 1:;/;1: 1600 1 1250 3. Select and set aperture. The aperture scale window shows usable apertures. (Depending on film speed in use, all usable apertures may not be shown in the aperture scale window; for usable apertures, see table on page 20.
I .",------------ ...\ The shooting distance scale changes when the wide-flash adapter is used. For example, selecting fl4 lets you take pictures of subjects 0.6m to 4.4m (approx. 2.0ft. to 14 ft.) away. See page 36. Next, turn on flash unit and take shot in the same manner shown in "BASIC OPER ATION ," steps 10 to 14. 4. Set your chosen aperture. With Nikon F-401/N4004, use camera 's aperture dial. I I I I I I \ .....
Usable apertures/shooting distance range in TTL mode 200 100 50 25 - - - - 1000" 800" 400 2.8+ '/3 2.8 2 4+ '/3 4 2.8 2 5.6+'/3 5.6 4 2.8 2 8+ '/3 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 c. 11+ '/3 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 ~ 16+ '13 16 11 8 5.6 22+ '/3 22 16 11 - - 22 - - - - 0 Normal With wide·ilash adapter - 3.2 - 20 (10-66) 2.2-17 (72-56) - - 2.2-17 (7.2-56) 1.6- 12 (5.2 - 39) - - 1.6-12 (52-39) 1.1- 8.8 (3.6 - 29) - 1.1-8.8 (36-29) 0.8-6.2 (2.6-20) 2 0.8 - 6.2 (2.
Exposure compensation in TTL mode With a dark subject (with low reflectivity) or one that is light in tone (having high reflectivity), over- or underexposure may occur. To prevent this, compensate exposure by rotating camera's exposure compensation dial. With the FG, push the exposure compensation button. (For details, see came ra instruction manual.) The shooting distance range for TTL automatic flash operation varies with the amount of exposure compensation .
A1 or A2 Mode (for Non-TTL Automatic Flash Exposure Control) Use the S8-22 on Al or A2 mode for automatic operation with Nikon Cameras other than Nikon F-5011 N2020, F-401/N4004*, F-301/N2000, FA, FE2 and FG. The following procedure lets you select aperture with the S8-22's aperture selection/shooting distance range panel for non-TTL auto flash operation. *Non-TTL automatic operation is not possible when Nikon F-401IN4004 is set to either program or shutter-priority auto exposure mode. 1.
I ~------------ ...\ I I I 2. Select appropriate aperture The aperture index windows show usable apertures. With the film speed index at ISO 100, for example, you can select either aperture f/4 or f/8 . If you select fl4 , you can take pictures of subjects 0.8m to 6.2 m (approx. 2.6ft. to 20ft.) away. The shooting distance scale changes when the wide-flash adapter is used , For example, if you select 1/4, you can take pictures 01 subjects 0.6m to 4.4m (approx. 2.01t. to 14 It.) away.
Next turn on flash unit and take shot in the same manner shown in " BASIC OPERATION ," steps 10 to 14. il 3. Set 58 ·22's mode selector 4. Set your chosen aperture. to A1 or A2 according to the selected aperture. 24 With Nikon F-401/N4004, use camera 's aperture dial.
Shooting distance range in A 1 or A2 mode Regardless of the film speed and the correspondi ng flstop available at A1 or A2 , the auto shooting range is as shown in the following table. Auto shooting range Selector mode Normal With wide-flash adapter A1 A2 O.6-3.1m O.8-6.2 m O.6-2.2m O.6-4.4m Exposure compensation in A 1 or A2 mode With a dark background (one with low reflectivity) or one that is light in tone (having high reflectivity), overor underexposure may occur.
M Mode (for Manual Flash Exposure Control) In M mode, the S8-22 fires at its maximum light output regardless of the flash-to-subject distance. To determine aperture with the S8-22's aperture selection/shooting distance range panel for manual flash operation, read the following . 1. Set the S8·22's flash mode selector to M. 2 Align film speed in use • with the film speed index. Note: Lines between the numbers on the film speed scale represent intermediate settings.
I 3. Choose aperture. Determine. the shooting distance and follow the appropriate vertical line upward from the distance scale until it meets the right edge of one of the distance range indicators. Then follow the distance range indicator horizontally and you can find the appropriate aperture. For example, with film speed index set at ISO 100, and if you want to shoot a subject 3m away, use f/8 . You can also determine aperture using the S8-22's guide number (GN) For details, see page 32. ..
Next, turn on flash unit and take shot in the same manner shown in " BASIC OPERATION ," steps 10 to 14. 4. Set your chosen aperture. With Nikon F-401 / N4004 , use camera 's aperture dial .
MD Mode (for Manual Flash Exposure Control with Motor Drive Operation) At the motor drive (MO) setting, the S8-22 is able to recycle fast enough to synchronize with a motor-driven camera firing continuously up to 6 frames per second. It is possible to take up to four full flash pictures in rapid succession in this way. To determine aperture with the S8-22's aperture selection/shooting distance range panel in this mode, read the following . 1. Set the 58·22'5 flash mode selector to MD.
I 4f11A-------------., I I I I I I I I 3. Choose aperture. Determine the shooting distance and follow the appropriate vertical line upward from the distance scale until it meets one of the aperture/distance index windows for MD mode on the distance range indicators. Then follow the distance range indicator hori· zontally and you can find the appropriate aperture. For example, with film speed index set at ISO 100, and if you want to shoot a subject 3m away, use f/2 .8.
Next, turn on flash unit and take shot in the same manner shown in " BASIC OPERATION ," steps 10 to 14. 4. Set your chosen aperture. With Nikon F·401/N4004, use camera's aper· ture dial.
The maximum number of flashes for continuous shooting are li sted below. Batteries AA-type alkaline-manganese batteries inside 88-22 AA-type alkaline-manganese batteries inside 88-22 plus C-type alka line-manganese batteries inside optional DC Unit 8D-7" Maximum Frames number of per flashes' second 4 61ps 10 61ps 40'" 4.2 1ps • Don't begin the continuous sequence until the ready-light has been lit for approx. 30 seconds (with fresh batteries at 20°C [68 °FJ).
SETTING POWER S W I T C H - - - - - - - - - - - m 06 ft 2 1 1.5 3 4 5 POWER UNCE OFF.... ST,BY • ,.oN 3 7 10 FLA I GN(lSO lOa) 25(m)/82(ft) • STBY (STANDBY) Position Use to conserve energy and shorten recycling time. With other cameras: Though the ON position is normally recommended for turning on the flash unit, ST8Y can also be used. With other Nikon cameras , even if the camera 's exposure meter stays on , the S8-22 automatically turns off when not used for one or two minutes.
READY-LIGHT INDICATIONS,- - - - - - - - - -- FA F-501/N2020 . F-301/N2000 When the flash unit is turned on , the S8 -22 's ready-light lights up to indicate the flash is ready to fire . To activate the viewfinder ready-light function when using the Nikon FA, FE2, F-501 /N2020, F-401lN4004, F-301/N2000, FG or FG-20, first turn on the camera 's meter by lightly pressing the shutter release button. 34 With alkaline-manganese batteries, if the ready-light takes more than 30sec.
Ready-Ught Warning Functions To prevent errors, the ready-light inside the camera's viewfinder blinks in the cases listed below. When blinking occurs, check the S8-22's flash mode selector setting, the camera 's shutter speed/mode selector setting or film speed setting and adjust as necessary. 1) When S8-22 is set at TTL with cameras other than Nikon F-501/ N2020, F-401/N4004, F-301lN2000, FA, FE2 or FG. Reset S8 -22's flash mode selector to A1, A'2 or M.
USING WIDE-FLASH A D A P T E R - - - - - - - - - - - The angle of illumination of the S8-22 covers the picture angle of a 35 mm lens. When the wide-flash adapter stored in the flash head is set, it increases the angle of coverage, allowing the S8-22 to be used with a 28mm lens. When the wideflash adapter is used , the guide number is reduced to 18 (ISO 100 and meters) or 9 (ISO 25 and meters), and the shooting distance range for automatic operation changes.
SYNCHRO-SUNLIGHT FILL-IN FLASH PHOTOGRAPHY----For backlit subjects, to fill in shadows and balance lighting , use the 88-22 even in daytime. r~----------------, •\ In the following , use a slower shutter speed to avoid a dark background. '. • ..---------- ~----------------~.... Without flash: The backlit subject comes out too dark. With flash : Both the subject and the background come out properly exposed.
In TTL Mode In A1 or A2 Mode 1. Set the camera shutter speed manually to a flash 1. Determine correct aperture for the backlit subject synchronization speed or slower speed. 2. Frame the background in the camera viewfinder, turn on the camera's exposure meter to determine aperture for a correct background exposure, then set the aperture on the lens. 3. Set the flash mode selector to TTL, turn on the S8·22 and take the shot. With a strongly backlit subject (e.g.
In M Mode 1. Manually set the camera shutter speed to a flash synchronization speed or slower speed. 2. Frame the background in the camera's viewfinder, then turn on the camera's exposure meter to read proper aperture for correct background exposure, and set the aperture on the lens. 3. Calculate the flash-to-subject distance using the equation below and set the 88-22 at the calculated distance. .
DIFFUSING THE L l G H T - - - - - - - - - - - - - Diffused light eliminates harsh shadows and c reates attractive portraits, There are two ways to diffuse light: 1, Bounce light off a broad reflective surface such as the cei ling ; 2, Use a diffuser between the flash and the subjec t. Direct fla sh: Harsh, unflattering lighting.
Bounce Flash Photography Procedure 1. Select a ceiling to bounce the flash from. In color photography, select a white or si lver cei ling-other· wise, color photographs come out with an unnatural colo r cast similar to that of the reflecting surface. 2. Ti lt the flash head tlpwards., towards the ceiling. To avoid uneven illumination, tilt flash head back 60° or more. 3. Set flash mode selector to TTL for TTL auto fl ash operation, A1 or A2 for non-TTL auto flash operation, then turn on the flash unit.
MULTIPLE FLASH EXPOSURES- Using A Diffuser Place a translucent material, such as one or more sheets of tracing paper, between the flash and subject to diffuse light. It is recommended that you experiment with different flash-to-diffuser distances and/or more than one diffuser. Use the S8-22 on TTL or M mode when using a diffuser. 42 To create multiple-exposure " stroboscopic " effects or paint the scene with light, use the following procedure : 1. Disconnect the flash unit from the camera body. 2.
MULTIPLE FLASH PHOTOGRAPHY----------- TTL Multiple Flash Photography Use the Nikon 8peedlight 88-22, 88-20, 88-18, 8B-16B or 88-15 connected to an F-501 / N2020, F-401/N4004, F-30 1lN2000, FA, FE2 or FG camera as a master flash unit ; and use either the 88-22, 8B-21B, 5B-20, 5B-18, 5B-17, 8B-16A, 8B-168 and/or 8B-15 as slave flash unit(s). Up to five flash units can be used. For TTL multiple flash photography, use the optional TTL Multi-Flash 8ync Cord 8C-18 (1.
System chart for TTL multiple flash operation rra :~"'''I 5B-140 m Nlkon F·5011N2020 " - - - - - - --1 MQJ~ Nlkon F-401fN4004 Nikon FE2 Nikon F·3011N2000 Nlkon FG " - - - - - - --1 =E~----------------1-0Dm~,~«::»~~~,~, n~ .... SC-17 SC·18 SC-19 S8-21A @ indicates the "master" flash unit. 44 -The S8-11 , S8-14 , S8-140 and S8-218 cannot be used with Nikon F-401/ N4004 either as a master or slave flash unit.
~~r e.'7 58·11 58·141 58·140 L1 AS·l1 f-------~ ""~,.,. ctd se·,~ ~~0iD----,-------~ ~--------------~I --------------~~~~ " ~~~ IAS·'O I AS·l 0 I I ~~Q i E1 AS-l1 ~' El 6A AS·11 '.
AVOIDING "RED EYE'-'- - - Manual Multiple Flash Photography Connect the S8 -22 and other flash units with the optional Nikon Sync Cord SC-11 or SC-15 via the S8-22 's multiple flash term inal. For correct exposure in manual multiple flash operation, be sure all flash units are set at manual flash mode. Caution To avoid damaging the flash units or incorrect operation, never mix Nikon Speedlight with flash units of other manufa cturers.
CLOSE-UP FLASH PHOTOGRAPHY IN TTL MODE-----When used with the Nikon F-S01/N2020, F-401/N4004, F-301/N2000, FA, FE2 or FG cameras, the optional TTL Remote Cord SC -17 lets you perform flash shooting with a subject closer than 0.6m. 1_ Use the SC-17 to connect the S8-22 and camera. (See SC-17 instruction manuaL) 2_ Position the S8-22 and tilt the flash head down so light from the flash head covers the subject. 3_Regardless of the lens in use, use the wide-flash adapter.
TIPS ON SPEEDLIGHT C A R E - - - - - - - - - - - - • To remove smudges, wipe with a dry soft or silicon-treated cloth . Never use thinner, benzine or alcohol-they might damage plastic parts. 48 • Never disassemble or repair the flash unit ; if the S8-22 malfunctions, take it immediately to an authorized Nikon dealer or service center. • Keep the S8-22 away from places where temperature is higher than 50°C, and do not store in damp places. Use within the range of -10°C-+50°C.
• Keep the S8-22 away from salt water and out of the rain . • When not using the S8-22, re move batteries to avoid damage due to battery leakage. If leakage occurs, take the S8-22 to your nearest Nikon authorized service facility. • When the S8 -22 is not used, perform the following once a month : 1. Install batteries , turn on the S8-22 and fire flash a few times. 2. Wait until the ready-light comes on . 3. Turn off the S8-22, and remove the batteries.
ABOUT B A T T E R I E S - - - - - - - - - - - - - New batteries NiCd batteries Purchase the new (freshest) batteries possible. In comparison with ' regular batteries, NiCd batteries provide faster recycling time and better efficiency at low temperatures. Before charging NiCd batteries, thoroughly read instructions for batteries and battery charger. Temperature Battery life ratings are based on operation at 20°C (68°F). At other temperatures, battery life is shortened.
ACCESSORIES---------------Sync Cords SC -11 and SC-15 For off-camera or manual multiple lighting setups or to connect the S8-22 to a camera without a hot shoe use sync cord SC-11 (25 cm long) or coi led sync cord SC-15 (one meter long). TTL Remote Cord SC-17 ;: ) For programmed TTL auto flash operation or TTL auto flash operation when using the S8 -22 off the Nikon F- 501/ N2020, F-401/N4004, F-30 1/ N2000, FA, FE2 or FG camera , use coi led cord SC-17.
TTL Multi·Flash Sync Cords SC-18 and SC-19 Use the SC-18 or SC-19 to connect flash units in TTL multiple flash operation. The SC-18 is approx. 1.5m long ; the SC-19 is approx. 3m. Flash Unit Couplers AS-4 and AS-7 To mount the S8-22 on a Nikon F3-series camera with the OE-2 or OE-3 finder, use the AS-4 or AS-7. The AS-7 lets you change film without removing th e flash unit. OC Unit SO·7 The Nikon DC Unit SO-7 is an optional external power source.
SPECIFICATIONS--------------All performance data are for normal· temperature operation [20°C (68°F)) Electronic construction Guide number Autom atic silicon·controlled rectifier and series circuitry 25 (ISO 100 and meters); 18 (with wide·flash adapter) 41 (ISO 25 and feet) ; 30 (with wide·flash adapter) Angle of coverage Horizontal Vertical Usable lens Normal 60° 45° 35mm or longer With wide· fl ash adapter 70° 53° 28mm or longer Bounce capability Flash duration Power source Fl ash head can b
Flash exposure control TTL mode Usable film speed range in TTL mode Usable aperture range in TTL mode Automatic mode Five flash modes are provided : TTL, A1, A2 , M and MD Used only with Nikon F-5011 N2020, F-401/N4004, F-3011 N2000, FA, FE2 or FG ; for programmed TTL auto flash operation (with F-501/N2020, F-4011 N4004 or F-301/N2000) or TTL auto flash operation; light is measured through the lens ISO 25 to 1000 with Nikon F-501/N2020 and F-301lN2000 or ISO 25 to 400 with Nikon F-401/ N4004, FA, FE2 and
No reproduction in any form of this manual, in whole or in part (except for brief quotation in critical articles or reviews), may be made without written authorization from NIKON CORPORATION . Nikon NIKON CORPORATION FUJ I BLDG.
