User Manual NXE1-20 Digital Radio Doc.
Table of Contents ii NXE1 Manual Dwg # 602-95555-01; Revision Levels: Section Drawing No: REV Revised / Released Reason NXE1-20 602-95555-01 A SN NEW 602-95555-01 Rev A NXE1-20 Digital Radio
iii Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION............................................................................1-1 1.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 SYSTEM FEATURES ..................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 T YPICAL CONFIGURATIONS........................................................................................
Table of Contents iv 3.4.1 Meter ........................................................................................................... 3-10 3.4.2 System: Card View......................................................................................... 3-10 3.4.3 System: Power Supply .................................................................................... 3-11 3.4.4 System: Info.................................................................................................. 3-11 3.4.
1 System Description 1.1 Introduction The NXE1-20 is a spectrum-scalable point-to-point digital radio that can deliver 8Mbps of data. Advanced modulation and digital processing techniques allow one radio to deliver user-defined rates from 512 kbps to 8Mbps The product is an all-digital, open-architecture, modular system (see Figure 1-1 below). The versatility and power of the product comes from a complete range of “plug and play” personality modules. Figure 1-1.
System Specifications & Description § Built-in BER Meter § Built-in NMS § Monitoring & Time Stamping § Monitor up to 4 external Analog & Digital I/O § Readout of RSL in dBm § Completely modular 602-95555-01 Rev A 1-2 NXE1-20 Digital Radio
1-3 System Specifications & Description 1.3 Typical Configurations 1.3.1 Data Rate and Interface Table 1-1 provides basic data channel capabilities for the NXE1-20. See Section 2 (Installation) for more detailed information. Table 1-1.NXE1-20 Data Channel Configurations Data Rate MUX Hardware Channels Interface(s) 1.5 Mbps-8 Mbps 2 or 4 x E1/T1 2 or 4 G.703, E1/T1 512 kbps-2 Mbps QAM Modem 1 Fractional E1/T1 512 kbps-2 Mbps QAM Modem 1 V35, RS449 1.3.
System Specifications & Description 1-4 NXE1 RADIO A DATA CNTL TX ANTENNA TP64 TRANSFER PANEL DATA RX DATA SWITCH/ TRANSFER LOGIC DATA CNTL RX RF SPLITTER TX RF RELAY RX DUPLEXER TX NXE1 RADIO B Figure 1-3.
1-5 System Specifications & Description 1.4 Regulatory Notices FCC Part 15 Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
System Specifications & Description 1-6 Figure 1-12. NXE1-20 System Block Diagram . All modules (excluding the Front Panel and Power Amplifier) are interconnected via the backplane that traverses the entire width of the unit. The backplane contains the various communication buses as well as the PA (Power Amplifier) control and redundant transfer circuitry. See Figure 1-13 below for locations of the Backplane and the Power Amplifier.
1-7 System Specifications & Description 1.5.2 QAM Modulator/IF Upconverter DIGITAL POT NCO OCXO 12.8 MHz INTERLEAVE RAM BUS DATA & CLK IN QAM ENCODER IF OUT IF SYNTH IF STATUS BUS REF CLK OUT FPGA LED STATUS IF REF CLK OUT TRUNK I/O TXD RXD BUS I2C IN MICRO CONTROLLER LEVEL TRANSLATOR FPGA EEPROM SPI DEBUG RS232 TRANSLATOR uC EEPROM BUS DATA & CLK OUT IF IN QAM DECODER AGC RATE CONVERTER LEGEND NO CONNECTION INTERLEAVE RAM uC BUS PLL FIFO REF CLK Figure 1-14.
System Specifications & Description 1-8 IF Input 6.4 MHz -20 dBm BPF BPF 6.4 MHz 70 MHz Synth Level 76.4 MHz PLL Loop Data Clk Filter VCO IF Output PLL Enbl Ref 70 MHz Exciter Level Synth -10 dBm Lock Figure 1-15. IF Upconverter Block Diagram The resultant carrier is translated up to 70 MHz by the IF Upconverter (see Figure 1-15). This is accomplished by a standard mixing of the carrier with a phase-locked LO. A 70 MHz SAW filter provides an exceptional, spectrally-clean output signal.
1-9 System Specifications & Description Since this is a linear RF processing chain, an automatic leveling control loop (ALC) is implemented here to maintain maximum available power output (and therefore maximum system gain). The ALC monitors the PA forward power (FWD) output sample, and controls the upconverter gain per an algorithm programmed in the CPU. The ALC also controls the power-up RF conditions of the transmitter output. 1.5.
System Specifications & Description 1-10 1.5.6 QAM Demodulator/IF Downconverter IF Input 70 MHz BPF BPF 70 MHz 6.4 MHz IF Output Synth Level 6.4 MHz -10dBm 76.4 MHz PLL Data Clk Loop Filter AGC Control VCO PLL Enbl Ref Synth Lock Figure 1-19. IF Downconverter Block Diagram The QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) Demodulator is the receive portion of the QAM Modem card. The QAM Modem also houses the IF Up/Down Converter.
2 Installation 2.1 Unpacking The following is a list of all included items. Description Quantity Digital Radio (3RU chassis) 1 Rack Ears (with hardware) 4 Extender Card (Universal QAM) — optional 1 Power Cord (IEC 3 conductor for AC, 2-wire for DC) 2 Manual ( or Soft copy on a CD) 1 Test Data Sheet (customer documentation) 1 Be sure to retain the original boxes and packing material in case of return shipping. Inspect all items for damage and/or loose parts.
Installation 2-2 PRE-INSTALLATION NOTES Always pre-test the system on the bench in its intended configuration prior to installation at a remote site. Avoid cable interconnection length in excess of 1 meter in strong RF environments. We highly recommend installation of lightning protectors to prevent line surges from damaging expensive components. 2.3 Rack Mount The product is normally rack-mounted in a standard 19” cabinet.
2-3 Installation Figure 2-2.
Installation 2-4 Status LED: 70 MHz IN: SMA (female), Modulated IF input from QAM Modulator. RF IN: SMA (female), Receiver input.
2-5 Installation 2.6.2 AC Line Voltage The NXE1-20 uses a high reliability, universal input switching power supply capable of operating within an input range of: 100 - 240 VAC; 50/60 Hz The power supply module is removable from the unit and a perforated cage protects service personnel from high voltage. The power supply is fan cooled due to high power consumption by the PA. CAUTION High voltage is present when the unit is plugged in. To prevent electrical shock, unplug the power cable before servicing.
Installation 2-6 2.7 Power-Up Setting As shipped, the NXE1-20 will radiate into the antenna upon power-up, THIS ASSUMES THAT THE ANTENNA LOAD IS GOOD (LOW VSWR). If the VSWR of the load causes a high reverse power indication at the PA, the red VSWR LED will light and the transmitter will cease radiating. This is called the “AUTO” setting in the QAM RADIO CONTROL screen (see below). The LCD screen (“QAM RADIO TX CONTROL”) selects the power-up state and controls the radiate function of the TX unit.
2-7 Installation 2.8 Data Interface 2.8.1 4xE1/T1 MUX Channel Configurations Trunk I/O Async Data Channel Channel 1/2 (E1/T1) Channel 3/4 (E1/T1) Aux Channel 1 Aux Channel 2 Figure 2-3. 4XE1/T1 MUX Panel The 4xE1/T1 MUX is a high speed card (up to 8 MBPS) that has a total of 7 ports. Table 2-1 summarizes the capabilities.
Installation 2-8 Table 2-1.NXE1-20 4xE1/T1 MUX Data Channel Configurations Chnl Data Rate 4xE1 (BPS) Data Rate 4xT1 (BPS) Data Rate 2xE1 (BPS) Data Rate 2xT1 (BPS) Data Rate 1xE1 (BPS) Data Rate 1xT1 (BPS) Interface 1 2.048 K 1.544 K 2.048 K 1.544 K 2.048 K 1.544 K G.703, DSX-1 2 2.048 K 1.544 K 2.048 K 1.544 K --- --- G.703, DSX-1 3 2.048 K 1.544 K --- --- --- --- G.703, DSX-1 4 2.048 K 1.544 K --- --- --- --- G.
2-9 Installation See Figure 2-5 for installation details. ANTENNA NXE1 Radio A DATA TP64 Top View RJ45 DATA TP64 Rear Panel RJ45 NXE1 Radio B DATA Figure 2-5.NXE1-20 Hot Standby – with Transfer Panel 2.9.1 Hot/Cold Standby Modes Hot Standby ( *preferred) Hot standby leaves both transmitters in the RADIATE ON condition, and the transfer logic controls the RF relay to select the active transmitter, thereby decreasing switchover time. This is the preferred operating mode.
Installation 2-10 2.9.2 Hot Standby Control using the Moseley TP64 2.9.2.1 TP64 Front Panel Controls and Indicators Note: See the following section for a detailed description of the Master/Slave logic implemented in the TP64. Figure 2-7. TP64 Front Panel LED Indicators Green: The indicated module is active, and that the module is performing within its specified limits. Yellow: The indicated module is in standby mode, ready and able for back-up transfer.
2-11 Installation Table 2-3. TP64 Transmitter Master/Slave Logic B-Master Logic A-Master Logic Selected Master A A A A B B B B TXA Status OK OK FAIL FAIL OK OK FAIL FAIL TXB Status OK FAIL OK FAIL OK FAIL OK FAIL TXA LED GRN GRN RED RED YEL GRN RED RED TXB LED YEL RED GRN RED GRN RED GRN RED Active TX A A B N/A B A B N/A TX Relay Position A A B A B A B B Table 2-4.
Installation 2.9.2.3 2-12 NXE1-20 Software Settings The full array of available settings for the Control and Configuration menus are located in Section 3—Operation of the Front Panel. Shown here are the applicable settings for redundant standby systems.
2-13 Installation Tx Radiate: ON: 2.9.2.4 Configures the Transmitter to always RADIATE. TP64 Settings The TP64 software settings are contained in the internal firmware. Aside from the front panel RADIO A/B Master Select (as described above), there are no user-configurable settings in the TP64 unit. 2.9.3 Hot Standby Control with Single Unit 2.9.3.1 NXE1-20 Software Settings The full array of available settings for the Control and Configuration menus are located in Section 3—Operations.
Installation 2-14 QAM Radio Tx Control TX Radiate ______ Tx Radiate: AUTO: 2.10 Software controls the RADIATE function. Site Installation The installation of the NXE1-20 involves several considerations. A proper installation is usually preceded by a pre-installation site survey of the facilities. The purpose of this survey is to familiarize the customer with the basic requirements needed for the installation to go smoothly.
2-15 Installation EIRP at the antenna is calculated as follows:Transmit power – Cable loss + Antenna Gain = EIRP Eg. +31.1dBm – 6dB(for 100m LDF5-50A) +36dBi = NXE1-20 Digital Radio 61.
3 Front Panel Operation 3.1 Introduction This section describes the front panel operation of the NXE1-20 digital radio/modem. This includes: • LCD display (including all screen menus) • Cursor and screen control buttons • LED status indicators 3.2 Front Panel Operation A picture of the NXE1-20 front panel is depicted in Figure 3-1 below. Figure 3-1.NXE1-20 Front Panel 3.2.
Front Panel Operation 3-2 Backlight: An automatic backlight is built-in to the LCD for better clarity under low-light conditions. This backlight is enabled on power-up and will automatically turn off if there is no button activity by the user. The backlight will automatically turn on as soon as any button is pressed. Contrast Adjustment: Internal adjustment on board (in back of front panel button PCB). 3.2.
3-3 Front Panel Operation 3.2.3 LED Status Indicators Table 3-1. LED Status Indicator Functions LED Name Function RX Receiver Green indicates that the receiver is enabled, the synthesizer is phase-locked, and a signal is being received. RXD Receive Data Green indicates that valid data is being received. BER Bit Error Rate Flashes red for each data error detected. FLT Fault General fault light (red). Consult the STATUS menus for out of tolerance conditions.
Front Panel Operation 3-4 3.3 Main Menu MAIN MENU METER QAM RADIO SYSTEM ALARMS/FAULTS Scroll NXE1 The main menu appears on system boot-up, and is the starting point for all screen navigation. Unlike most other screens in the software, the main menu scrolls up or down, one line item at a time. 3.3.1 Launch Screens The LAUNCH screen allows the user to quickly get to a particular screen within a functional grouping in the unit. The logic is slightly different than other screens.
3-5 Front Panel Operation NXE1 MAIN MENU METER RADIO Scroll QAM SYSTEM ENT ALARMS/FAULTS Cycle through STATUS, CONTROL, CONFIGURE choices: QAM Radio Launch QAM Radio Launch STATUS MODEM QAM Radio Launch CONTROL MODEM CONFIGURE MODEM Move cursor to next line Cycle through MODEM, TX, RX choices: QAM Radio Launch QAM Radio Launch STATUS MODEM QAM Radio Launch STATUS TX STATUS RX ENT TX STATUS chosen, press ENTER to view.
Front Panel Operation 3-6 This page is intentionally blank.
3-7 Front Panel Operation NXE1 MAIN MENU Scroll METER QAM RADIO SYSTEM ALARMS/FAULTS ALARMS FAULTS ALARMS FAULTS ALARMS/FAULTS System CARD VIEW POWER SUPPLY INFO BASIC CARD SETUP FACTORY CAL UNIT-WIDE PARAMS DATE/TIME TRANSFER EXTERNAL I/O METER Meter Bargraph DECDR 1 Backlight AUTO Led DSP A Cards QAMOD RF TX RF RX Scroll SYSTEM - Fault(s) Alarm(s) Total Alarms Since Reset-1 Total Faults Since Reset-1 Alarm(s) Fault(s) Rev Pwr > 0.25 W 15:20:24 6/29/00 Active B.
3-8 Front Panel Operation MAIN MENU METER QAM RADIO SYSTEM Select QAM RADIO to open Launch Screens (see text) ALARMS/FAULTS Scroll NXE1 QAM Radio - Launch Screens QAM RADIO MODEM A / B** QAM Radio Launch QAM Radio Launch STATUS MODA CONFIGURE MODEM QAM Modem -80dBm BER Post 0.000E+00 #Bits 0.000E+00 #Errors 0.000E+00 Qmdm DEMOD Baud DRT Enc 280.5 k 1535 k DVB QAM Modem -80dBm BER Pre 0.000E+00 #Bits 0.000E+00 #Errors 0.000E+00 Qmdm DEMOD Spctr Fltr Intrl SLOSS ES SES UNAS Qmdm Test 0.
Front Panel Operation MAIN MENU METER QAM RADIO SYSTEM SYSTEM CAL 15V-RFA +5VD BATT +15VA Factory Calibration System ALARMS/FAULTS CARD VIEW POWER SUPPLY INFO BASIC CARD SETUP FACTORY CAL DATE/TIME TRANSFER EXTERNAL I/O Scroll NXE1 Scroll 3-9 Factory Calibrate RADIO TX SYSTEM RADIO RX QAM MODEM System Cal EXTERNAL ANALOG #1 #2 #3 #4 15V-RFA-Prim. Calib Extern A/D 1 Calib Reading Calibr Val Reading Calibr Val 15.00 14.50 15.00 12.00 Battery-Prim.
Front Panel Operation 3-10 3.4 Screen Menu Summaries The following tables and text provide a screen view for that topic as well as the functions and settings of that screen. The order follows the Screen Menu Tree (Figures 3-2a, b, and c) with the exception of the QAM Radio screens, which are grouped in the STATUS, CONTROL and CONFIGURE categories. Outline of Section 3.4 (Screen Menu Summaries) A summary of each function is also provided. 3.4.
3-11 Cards Active Front Panel Operation RF RX A QAM Receiver RF Module installed in QAM Radio “A” slots (base address 0) Audio Decoder #1 installed (base address 1) Audio Encoder #1 installed (base address 2) QAM Modem Module installed in QAM Radio “A” slots (base address 3) QAM Transmitter RF Module installed in QAM “A” slots (base address 4) Intelligent Multiplexer #0 installed (base address 5) DECDR 1 ENCDR 1 QAMOD A RF TX A MUX 0 CH CD 1 Note: The card view screen gives the user a list of all inst
Front Panel Operation 3.4.
3-13 Front Panel Operation Note: Pressing e n t e r at each ID type brings up another screen with the Card Function shown and the question: In System? Is displayed. Depending upon the card type, this screen also indicates the base address. These windows are shown below: QAM Modem A In system? YES Radio TX A In system? YES Radio RX A In system? YES Encoder 1 In system? Base addr Decoder In system? Base addr 3.4.
Front Panel Operation 3.4.7 System: 3-14 Unit-Wide Parameters Parameter Unit No. Main Title Redundant Value 1 NXE1 ON IP MSB IP IP IP LSB 207 71 237 115 SNM MSB SNM SNM SNM LSB 255 255 255 0 GW MSB GW GW GW LSB 207 71 237 254 Calc BER always RMT/LOC Function Unit No.
3-15 Front Panel Operation 3.4.8 System: Date/Time System Date Day 29 06 Month Year 98 System Hour Minute Second Function Day Month Year Hour Minute Second Settings 01-31 01-12 00-99 00-23 00-59 00-59 3.4.
Front Panel Operation 3-16 3.4.10 External I/O Ext A/D Readings #1- 0.56 #3- 0.00 #2- 0.00 #4- 0.
3-17 Front Panel Operation 3.4.11 Alarms Alarm(s) Total Alarms Since Reset-1 Alarm(s) Rev Pwr > 0.25 W 15:20:24 6/29/98 Module QAM RF TX QAM RF RX QAM MODEM Modulator only Parameter Reverse Power PA Current LO Level Exciter Level RSL LO Level BER Synth Level Modem Level Nominal 0.05 Watt 2.5 Amp 100% 100% -30 to –90 dBm 100% 100% 100% Trip Value > 0.25 Watt > 3.0 Amp < 50% < 50% < 50% >1.
Front Panel Operation 3-18 3.4.12 Faults Fault(s) Total Faults Since Reset-1 Fault(s) Fwd Pwr < 0.5 W 15:18:43 6/29/98 Module QAM RF TX Parameter Nominal Trip Value Forward Power 1.0 Watt < 0.5 Watt AFC Lock Lock Unlock PA Temp 40 deg C >80 deg C QAM RF RX AFC Lock Lock Unlock QAM MODEM AFC Lock Lock Unlock Mbaud Lock Unlock Dbaud Lock Unlock Dfec Lock Unlock Fault definition: A specific parameter is out of tolerance and is crucial for proper system operation.
3-19 Front Panel Operation 3.4.14 QAM Modem Status QAM -80 dBm QAM Modem Modem BER Post 0.00E+00 #Bits 0.0000E+00 #Errors 0.0000E+00 QAM Modem -80 dBm BER Pre 0.00E+00 #Bits 0.0000E+00 #Errors 0.0000E+00 Function BER Post Settings 0.00E-00 BER Pre 0.00E-00 # Bits # Errors 0.0000E+00 0.
Front Panel Operation 3-20 QAM Modem Status (continued) Qmdm MOD Baud IFMOD Qmdm LOCK 4 % IFOUT Mode LOCK LOCK Qmdm MOD Baud DRT Enc 280.5 k 1535 k DVB LOCK 3.7 Qmdm MOD Spctr Fltr Intrl NRML 18 3 Qmdm DEMOD Baud Fec Qmdm Synth AFC V 95 64Q % % Function Settings Summary BAUD LOCK (default) UNLOCK 0 – 100% 100% NOM LOCK (default) UNLOCK LOCK (default) UNLOCK LOCK (default) UNLOCK 0 – 9.9 VDC 3.7 VDC (nominal) 0 – 100% 100% (nominal) 16-64Q 280.
3-21 Front Panel Operation QAM Modem Status (continued) Qmdm DEMOD 280.5 k Baud DRT 1535 k Enc DVB TX CLOCK Clk Src Recov Clk Ph Norm Qmdm DEMOD Spctr NRML Fltr 18 Intrl 3 Clk Ph Qmdm Test % NORMAL RX OUT Data Src Norm Clk Src Recov Clk Ph Norm TRNK FVers XVers Qmdm Intfc Intfc Function BAUD DRT0 ENC SPCTR FLTR INTRL TEST Interface Clk Src (Tx Clock) Clk Ph (Tx Clock) Clk Ph (Tx Clock Out) Data Src (Rx Out) TX CLK OUT Norm Qmdm Settings 280.
Front Panel Operation 3-22 3.4.15 QAM Radio TX Status DTV Menus QAM Radio Freq Tx PA Cur Temp Synth Tx AFC LO Xctr FWD REV PA CUR TEMP SYNTH AFC LO XCTR 602-95555-01 Rev A Status xxxx.xxx TX Xmtr Fwd Rev Function Freq A XMTR TX FORC 1.00 0.00 MHz QAM Radio TX Status Freq xxxx.xxx TX Xmtr FORC MHz W W Tx 2.50 45 LOCK 3.8 100 100 Settings 2300.00MHz TRAFFIC FORCED (default) 0 – 9.99 Watt 1.00 Watt (nominal) 0 – 9.99 Watt 0.07 Watt (nominal) 0.00– 9.99 Amp 2.40 Amp (nominal) 0– 99.
3-23 Front Panel Operation 3.4.16 QAM Radio RX Status QAM Radio Freq RX Rcvr RSL Atten RX xxxx.xx FORC -80 AUTO RX SYNTH AFC LO Function Freq A XMTR Settings 2300.00 MHz FORCED (default) -30.0 to -90.0 dBm ATTEN SYNTH AFC LO MHz dBm LOCK 4.4 V 100.0 % Summary Displays the receiver operating frequency Transfer status of receiver: Is operating, ready for transfer TRAFFIC RSL Status AUTO (default) ON OFF LOCK (default) UNLOCK 0 – 9.9 VDC 3.5 VDC (nominal) 0 – 99.
Front Panel Operation 3-24 3.4.
3-25 Front Panel Operation 3.4.
Front Panel Operation 3-26 QAM Modem Configure (continued) QAM Interface DTE Trnk Intfc TX CLOCK Clk Src Recov Clk Ph Norm Clk Ph TX Clk Out Norm RX Out Data Src Norm Clk Src Norm Clk Ph Norm Qmdm FVERS XVER Function Interface Settings Trunk Radio (bkpln) Clk Src (Tx Clock) Internal, EXT TXC, EXT RXC, Recovered Inverted, Normal Clk Ph (Tx Clock) Clk Ph (Tx Clock Out) Data Src (Rx Out) 1.5 2.1 Summarys Uses Trunk for I/O. Uses Backplane for I/O. Clock source of the Transmitter.
3-27 Front Panel Operation Tx Clock Rx Clock Telecom Equipment Configured as DTE Configured Configured as DCE as DTE Repeater (DCE coupled with a DTE) Configured as DCE A DCE coupled together with a DTE enables the signal to be relayed to another DCE. This configuration is called a Repeater. A network can consist of as many Repeaters as necessary. The following sub-sections describe how to configure the NXE1-20 a DCE or as a DTE. 3.4.19.
Front Panel Operation 3-28 Configured as DCE To configure the NXE1-20 as a DCE, select the following clock settings in the System menu: QAM Inerface Intfc DCE Trunk TX CLOCK Clk Src Recov Clk Ph Norm TX CLK OUT Clk Ph Norm RX CLOCK Clk Src Recov Clk Ph Norm 3.4.19.3 NXE1-20 as Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) When configured as Data Terminal Equipment (DTE), the NXE1-20 gets its clock from an external source, such as a telecommunications device.
3-29 Front Panel Operation To configure the NXE1-20 as a DTE, make the following clock selections in the System menu: QAM Interface Intfc DTE Trunk TX CLOCK Clk Src EXT TXC Clk Ph Norm TX CLK OUT Clk Ph Norm RX CLOCK Clk Src EXT TXC Clk Ph Norm NXE1-20 Digital Radio 602-95555-01 Rev A
Front Panel Operation 3.4.19.4 3-30 User Clock Options Conceptual Diagram Figure 3-4.
3-31 Front Panel Operation 3.4.20 QAM Radio TX Configure QAM Radio Freq TX Config xxxx.xx MHz press 'ENTER' QAM Radio TX Config LO Side LOW LO Freq 1020.0000 MHz LO Step 25.0 KHz press 'ESC' Save Setting ? No press "Left arrow" to say YES press 'ENTER' Function FREQ Settings 2300.00 MHz LO Side LOW HIGH 2370 MHz 25.0 KHz LO Freq LO Step NXE1-20 Digital Radio Summary Displays the frequency o f the transmitter and allows the user to make frequency changes.
Front Panel Operation 3-32 3.4.21 QAM Radio RX Configure QAM Radio Freq RX Config xxxx.xx MHz press 'ENTER' QAM Radio RX Config LO Side LOW LO Freq 1020.0000 MHz LO Step 25.0 KHz press 'ESC' Save Setting ? No press "Left arrow" to say YES press 'ENTER' Function FREQ Settings 2300.00MHz LO Side LOW HIGH 2370.00 MHz 25.0 KHz LO Freq LO Step Summary Displays the frequency of the receiver and allows the user to make frequency changes. LOW: LO freq is less than carrier freq.
3-33 Front Panel Operation QAM Radio Launch CONFIGURE TXA QAM Radio Freq TX Config xxxx.xx MHz 1. Using the cursors, change to the desired frequency. Press ENTER and the TX will most likely lose AFC LOCK. 2. Navigate the LCD screens to monitor the AFC voltage as follows QAM Radio Launch STATUS TXA TX AFC LO Xctr 4.5 50 50 VDC % % 1. Ensure that the voltage reads 0.5 to 9.5 +/- .25 VDC. 2. The TX should achieve AFC LOCK and the operation is successful. 3.6.
Front Panel Operation 3-34 QAM Radio Launch STATUS RXA RX SYNTH AFC LO LOCK 4.5 VDC 100 % 3. Ensure that the voltage reads 0.5 to 9.5 +/- .25 VDC. 4. The RX should achieve AFC LOCK and the operation is successful.
4 Data Interface Cables MUX CHANNEL HD15M INDICATES TWISTED PAIR V.
Appendix 4-2 Figure 4-12.
5-3 Appendix 5 Appendix 5.1 Path Evaluation Information 5.1.1 Introduction 5.1.1.1 Line of Site For the proposed installation sites, one of the most important immediate tasks is to determine whether line-of-site is available. The easiest way to determine line-of-site is simply to visit one of the proposed antenna locations and look to see that the path to the opposite location is clear of obstructions.
Appendix 5-4 The most serious of the secondary effect is reflection from surfaces in or near the path, such as the ground or structures. For shallow angle microwave reflections, there will be a 180° (half wavelength) phase shift at the reflection point. Additionally, reflected energy travels farther and arrives later, directly increasing the phase delay.
5-5 5.1.1.4 Appendix K Factors The matter of establishing antenna elevations to provide minimum fading would be relatively simple was it not for atmospheric effects. The antennas could easily be placed at elevations somewhere between free space loss and first Fresnel zone clearance over the predominant surface or obstruction, reflective or not, and the transmission would be expected to remain stable.
Appendix 5-6 h = (2d1xd2)/3K Where, h = earth bulge in feet from the flat-earth reference. d1 = distance in miles (statute) from a given end of the microwave path to an arbitrary point along the path. d2 = distance in miles (statute) from the opposite end of the microwave path to the same arbitrary point along the path. K = K-factor considered. Three K values are of particular interest in this connection: 1. Minimum value to be expected over the path.
5-7 Appendix 5.1.2 Path Analysis 5.1.2.1 Overview Path analysis is the means of determining the system performance as a function of the desired path length, required equipment configuration, prevailing terrain, climate, and characteristics of the area under consideration. The path analysis takes into account these parameters and yields the net system performance, referred to as path availability (or path reliability).
Appendix 5-8 The following instructions will aid you in completing the Path Calculation Balance Sheet (see Section 5.2.7): Instructions A. Line 1. Enter the power output of the transmitter in dBm. Examples: 5w = +37.0 dBm, 6.5w = +38.0 dBm, 7w = +38.5 dBm, 8w = +39.0 dBm (dBm = 30 + 10 Log Po [in watts]). B. Lines 2 & 3. Enter Transmitter and Receiver antenna gains over an isotropic source. Refer to the Antenna Gain table below for the power gain of the antenna.
5-9 Appendix M. Line 14. Subtract line 13 from line 12. This is the unfaded signal level to be expected at the receiver. (Convert from dBm to microvolts here for reference). N. Line 15. Using the information found in Table 5-4 and 5-5 below, enter here the minimum signal required for 1x10E-3 BER. Table 5-4.NXE1-20 System Performance vs.
Appendix 5.1.2.4 5-10 Path Availability and Reliability For a given path, the system reliability is generally worked out on methods based on the work of Barnett and Vigants. The presentation here has now been superseded by CCIR 338-6 that establishes a slightly different reliability model. The new model is more difficult to use and, for most purposes, yields very similar results.
5-11 Appendix Over a year, the fade probability due to climate is given by: ryr = b x rm Where, b (climate factor) = 1/2 for Gulf coast or similar hot, humid areas. = 1/4 for normal interior temperate or northern regions. = 1/8 for mountainous or very dry areas. By combining the three equations and noting that Undp is equal to the actual fade probability, for a given fade margin F, we can write: Undp = ryr x 10-F/10 = b x rm x 10-F/10 or Undp = a x b x 2.
Appendix 5.1.2.5 5-12 Methods Of Improving Reliability If adequate reliability cannot be achieved by use of a single antenna and frequency, space diversity or frequency diversity (or both) can be used. To achieve space diversity, two antennas are used to receive the signal. For frequency diversity, transmission is done on two different frequencies. For each case the two received signals will not experience fades at the same time.
5-13 5.1.2.6 Appendix Path Calculation Balance Sheet Frequency of operation GHz Distance Miles SYSTEM GAINS 1. Transmitter Power Output dBm 2. Transmitter Antenna Gain + dBi 3. Receiver Antenna Gain + dBi 4. Total Gain (sum of line s 1, 2, 3) dB SYSTEM LOSSES 5. Path loss ( 6. Transmission Line Loss TX (Total Ft 7. miles) ; dB/100 ft) - dB - dB - dB Transmission Line Loss RX (Total Ft U ; dB/100 ft) 8. Connector Loss (Total) - dB 9. Branching losses - dB 10.
Appendix 5-14 5.
5-15 Appendix Kbps Kilobits per second KHz Kilohertz LED Light-emitting diode LO, LO1 Local oscillator, first local oscillator LSB Least significant bit Mbps Megabits per second Modem Modulator-demodulator Ms Millisecond MSB Most significant bit MUX Multiplex, Multiplexer µs Microsecond µV Microvolts NC Normally closed NMS Network Management System NO Normally open PCB Printed circuit board PCM Pulse Code Modulation PGM Program PLL Phase-Locked Loop QAM Quadrature Am
Appendix 5-16 Vrms Volts root-mean-square Vp Volts peak Vp-p Volts peak-to-peak VRMS Volts, root-mean-square VSWR Voltage standing-wave ratio ZIN Input Impedance ZOUT Output Impedance 5.3 Conversion Chart microvolts to dBm (impedance = 50 ohms) microvolts dBm microvolts dBm 0.10 -127.0 180 -61.9 0.25 -119.0 200 -61.0 0.50 -113.0 250 -59.0 0.70 -110.1 300 -57.4 1.0 -107.0 350 -56.1 1.4 -104.1 400 -54.9 2.0 -101.0 450 -53.9 2.5 -99.0 500 -53.0 3.0 -97.
5-17 Appendix microvolts dBm microvolts dBm 25 -79.0 6,000 -31.4 30 -77.4 7,000 -30.1 35 -76.1 8,000 -28.9 40 -74.9 9,000 -27.9 45 -73.9 10,000 -27.0 50 -73.0 22.36 mV -20 (10 mW) 60 -71.4 70.7 mV -10(100 mW) 70 -70.1 223.6 mV 80 -68.9 707.1 mV +10 (10mW) 90 -67.9 2.23 V +20(100 mW) 100 -67.0 7.07 V +30 (1 W) 120 -65.4 15.83 V +37 (5 W) 140 -64.1 22.36 V +40 (10 W) 160 -62.
