RIOTRONIC X+ SYSTEM User manual July 2020 Version 1.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Disclaimer: MAXAM takes all reasonable efforts to ensure an accurate understanding of client requirements. The information contained in this report is as accurate and up-to-date as possible based on this understanding. MAXAM accepts no liability to any person for any injury, loss or damage resulting from the use of or reliance upon the information contained in this report or for any injury, loss or damage resulting from the omission of any information in this report.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Table of contents: Disclaimer: ....................................................................................................................... 1 1. Safety ........................................................................................................................ 8 2. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 9 2.1. RIOTRONIC X+ Detonator.........................................
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 4. 5. 6. 3.2.4. Priming .................................................................................................... 22 3.2.5. Reels ......................................................................................................... 22 3.2.6. Packaged Explosives.............................................................................. 23 3.2.7. Cast Booster ............................................................................................
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 6.3. Programming detonators ...................................................................... 34 6.3.1. Manual mode........................................................................................... 34 6.3.2. Incremental mode .................................................................................. 35 6.3.3. No delay mode ........................................................................................ 35 6.3.4. PC mode .........................
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 7. 6.11. Troubleshooting ..................................................................................... 45 6.12. Technical specification ......................................................................... 45 Riotronic X+ Blaster – User manual ..................................................................... 46 7.1. General information .............................................................................. 46 7.2. Device outlook ......................
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 8. 7.7. Firmware uploading ............................................................................... 61 7.8. Service menu............................................................................................ 61 7.8.1. Tag read ................................................................................................... 63 7.8.2. Export dev log......................................................................................... 63 7.8.3. Test LCD ....
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 9. 8.10.2. Export dev log......................................................................................... 80 8.10.3. Test LCD .................................................................................................. 80 8.10.4. Test keyboard ......................................................................................... 80 8.10.5. Save battery info.................................................................................... 80 8.10.6.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 1. Safety The RIOTRONIC X+ system consists of several components (Detonator, Logger, Remote, Blaster, Bus-line, Replacement connectors, Software, etc.) that will be accurately described in the following chapters. The system is not only the respective hardware but the knowledge and way of working with it, both in blast design and in blast operation. That is why training is a crucial part in the use of the system. Every user must be properly trained and certified in its use.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual This equipment is not suitable for use in locations where children are likely to be present The battery cannot be replaced by the user. technical team in case of issues The Remote, Blaster & Logger content licence-exempt transmitter(s)/receiver(s) that comply with Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada’s licenceexempt RSS(s).
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Figure 1. RIOTRONIC X+ System The RIOTRONIC X+ system uses proprietary bi-directional communication between the RIOTRONIC X+ detonators and the RIOTRONIC X+ Blaster and the RIOTRONIC X+ Logger. This type of communication between the RIOTRONIC X+ detonators and the units: Allows each RIOTRONIC X+ detonator to be programmed with a unique delay. Ensures that tests can be executed at the shot and from the firing station.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual The RIOTRONIC X+ detonator´s main functions are: Receiving, analyzing and executing commands from the RIOTRONIC X+ Logger and Blaster. Carrying out a self-diagnosis when commanded by the RIOTRONIC X+ Logger or Blaster. Storing enough energy to remain self-sufficient during the firing phase. Storing the energy required to initiate the firing element at the programmed delay time.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 2.1.1.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Figure 4. Connector Always use a RIOTRONIC X+ bus line to connect several RIOTRONIC X+ detonators. If two or more rows needed to be connected to each other, use the corresponding replacement connectors. Put the cable in a flat position inside the connector and close it completely (Figure 5). Figure 5. Bus line location inside the connector The lid of the connectors has two positions when it is closed.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Figure 7. Safety key (RFID card) 2.2.2. Bus-line The bus line (Figure 8) is used to connect separate RIOTRONIC X+ detonators as a network. Additionally, the RIOTRONIC X+ Logger can be used to program RIOTRONIC X+ detonators using this line and the RIOTRONIC X+ Blaster needs this line to charge and fire the detonators. Figure 8. Bus line (With and without reel) 2.2.3. Charger This equipment is used to charge the RIOTRONIC X+ Blaster (Figure 9). Figure 9.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Figure 10. Replacement connector 2.2.5. Equipment-PC USB cable It is used to transfer data between RIOTRONIC X+ Logger to a computer (Figure 11) Figure 11. USB cable 2.3. RIOTRONIC SW software RIOTRONIC SW is the Blast Design and Simulation software for RIOTRONIC electronic detonators developed by TAP (Technical Application Department of MAXAM Civil Explosives). Figure 12.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 3. Operation Procedure When using RIOTRONIC X+ to carry out a blasting plan, the procedure of the operation is different compared to a conventional one. In this chapter, a general description of the whole operation in the application of the RIOTRONIC X+ system can be found. 3.1. General procedure for a blast using RIOTRONIC X+ The procedure described below provides a general idea about the steps and information that a RIOTRONIC X+ blast needs.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual The boosters and RIOTRONIC X+ detonators must be separate from each other. Make sure they do not drop into the hole. 3.1.5. Priming, loading and stemming the hole Prime the holes using the wooden cylinder provided by MAXAM to uncoil the cable. Avoid twisting the line. Load and stem the holes avoiding friction between the cables and the collar of the borehole; using a protective tool if necessary. Keep the connectors closed to avoid moisture inside.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 3.1.8. Firing the blast Before firing the blast, recheck it (leakage, connected and missing detonators…) using the RIOTRONIC X+ Logger. If an error is found on these tests do not begin the blast procedure. Stop and solve the error first. NEVER use the Blaster to check the blast near the blast area. Use the Logger instead. Be sure that the blast area has been cleared and secured. Locate the firing point in a safe area and use a shelter or protection.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 3.2. Operating procedure 3.2.1. Blasting plan It is important to use a blast plan, as this will ensure that all detonators will be correctly assigned their corresponding delay. This can prevent excessive ground vibration, poor fragmentation and fly rock caused by detonators detonating out of sequence. RIOTRONIC SW is the Blast Design and Simulation software for MAXAM electronic detonators. It is composed of modules that will help in the design of a good shot.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Figure 15. PPV and clearance prediction Defining a clearance zone is also needed for safety consideration. 3.2.2. Detonator testing Every RIOTRONIC X+ detonator should be tested before being used. The RIOTRONIC X+ detonator should be attached directly to the RIOTRONIC X+ Logger (Figure 16) before the testing option is chosen. If it is not done like this, the user will get a “no response” error screen. Figure 16.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual The result screen shows detonator’s ID, delay time and sequence number actually stored in detonator’s memory and self-test result (OK or not OK). If detonator is OK, then BACK or F2 key leads to main menu. If there is any error, BACK or F2 key starts another test. MENU leads to main menu and CANCEL leads to programming. Once all RIOTRONIC X+ detonators have been checked, distribute them in the blast. Connectors should be closed after testing to avoid any damage caused by mud.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual inspection of any critical areas is required, such as unstable wall conditions and misfires, and where physical barriers need to be established after the blast.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual The reel has an integrated bracket for the connector and offers a quick release system for the RIOTRONIC X+ detonator. Use the wooden cylinder included with the reels for rapid uncoiling. Bracket system Figure 18. Bracket system 3.2.6. Packaged Explosives Proceed as follows: Take the RIOTRONIC X+ detonator out of the coil drawing out about one meter of cable downline. If necessary, make a puncture in the cartridge using a non-ferrous spike.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Insert the RIOTRONIC X+ detonator fully into the stepped hole making sure the base charge does not protrude. Assure that detonators are secured in the booster. Use tape to secure them if necessary. For boosters with more than three holes, the hole with the RIOTRONIC X+ detonator should be the stepped one with a diameter a little greater than the detonator itself. Figure 20. priming with Cast Booster Find a stone of suitable size, bigger than the blast hole (Figure 21).
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Figure 22. Figure 23. Twisted line Figure 24. Twisted line Figure 25. Bus line tilted Connection of the inside the connector before and after the causing a short circuit Bus line to the connector RIOTRONIC X+ Logger 3.2.10. Precautions during operation All personal involved in the operation must to wear all the protective equipment required for the task in accordance with the company and site requirements.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual The booster and the detonators have to be kept apart from each other. Make sure they cannot be dropped into the hole. Follow general and specific rules about the use of detonators and explosives. Only trained personnel should carry out these tasks. While Priming, loading and stemming: Place the electronic detonator inside the booster/cartridge. Using a pole or another device, place the primer in the hole.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Avoid electrostatic charges by wearing appropriate safety footwear able to discharge before handling electronic detonators. 5. System limits for the RIOTRONIC X+ Logger The maximum quantity of detonators the Logger can test at a time is 500 per blasting plan, regardless of the length of the RIOTRONIC X+ detonator, as long as less than 1000 meters of BUS LINE are being used. In order to test 500 detonators at the same time they must all be part of the same blasting plan. 5.1.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 5.4. System limits for the RIOTRONIC X+ Blaster A single RIOTRONIC X+ Blaster can communicate and initiate a maximum of 500 RIOTRONIC X+ detonators. A network can be set up to increase that number of detonators to 2500. This network would consist of a master Blaster controlling 5 slave Blasters. For any shot requiring more than 2500 RIOTRONIC X+ detonators, please contact TAP or your agent. 5.5.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual These conditions may include, for example: Abrasive rocks like quartzite, granite, gneiss, basalt, etc. The presence of water in general. Holes deeper than 20m. A sharp angle on the drill-holes (>15°). Collar pipe in the holes, especially when the collar pipe is removed before firing. Drill-holes which include large holes, pockets of earth and any other irregularities likely to make loading difficult and cause stress on the wires. Decked charges.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Keep the wires relatively tight when loading, blocking them with a stone or pulling on them lightly by hand. Loops should not be allowed to form inside the hole. If a hose is used, it is imperative to be cautious while inserting and retracting it to protect the RIOTRONIC X+ detonator wire. Cartridges should be sized to ensure that RIOTRONIC X+ detonator wires are protected from the hole or casing walls.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 6. Riotronic X+ Logger – User manual This documentation considers following devices: 043-006-001 Logger X+. 6.1. General information Logger is a device used to programming and testing the detonators. It is able to read the detonator’s ID# and verify the detonator’s condition. It can program detonator’s delay time according to blasting pattern. Logger can also interchange programmed blasting patterns with Blaster or PC.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Top bar area Main operation area Function keys area Figure 27. Display areas Display is divided into three areas: Top bar area, where user can find information about time, battery status, NFC status and active pattern name, Main operation area, where are all information about currently performed operation, Function keys area, where current function of F1 and F2 keys is displayed. 6.2.3. Charging socket Charging socket is placed at the bottom of Logger.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Figure 29. Top view 6.2.6. NFC antenna Logger is equipped with NFC communication antenna. NFC is used to communicate with Blaster or read detonators RFID tags. NFC antenna is placed at the back of Logger’s case. It is exact position is marked by the white rectangle. Figure 30. Back view 6.2.7. Turning device on and off To turn the device on press ON/OFF button and hold for about 3 seconds. Logger proceed with initial auto test.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Choosing the active pattern is the first thing after turning the Logger on. It can be chosen from the list or user can create a new one. Selected pattern have to be confirmed with OK or F2 button. To create a new pattern * NEW PATTERN * item should be chosen from the end of the list. The name of the new metric can be maximal 8 letters long. There can be up to 100 patterns stored in the Logger. Active pattern name is shown in second line at the top of the display. 6.3.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual In manual programming mode there are two information on the screen: detonator’s number and delay time. User can switch between them using up and down arrows. Delay time can be entered using numeric keys. Detonator’s number can be entered with numeric keys or changed with left and right arrows. When Delay time is entered for specific detonator, OK or F2 button have to be pressed to program connected detonator. 6.3.2.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual suggested according to the pattern. User can change the delay time using numeric keys. OK or F2 button have to be pressed to program connected detonator. 6.4. Main menu After pressing the MENU button, main menu is displayed on the screen. User can change item with up and down arrows and press OK or F2 to enter to next menu level. Pressing CANCEL leads back to detonators programming. 6.4.1. Test one det Test one det is to perform self-testing procedure in single detonator.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual reprogrammed) is displayed. If there are any missing or error detonators, detailed information can be displayed using up and down arrows and OK or F2 keys. If there are no errors BACK and F2 buttons leads to main menu. In other case BACK key starts another test. 6.4.3. Test pattern Test pattern is to test connection with detonators in the active pattern. Bus-line should be connected to the Logger before initiating this test.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 6.4.8. Send Pattern to send must be selected on the list and then confirmed with OK or F2 key. There is additional warning to confirm if: pattern wasn’t tested or didn’t passed all tests, pattern includes no delay detonators, not all detonators were programmed in pattern from PC. Empty patterns are not listed to send. Next step depends on medium chosen in transfer settings. For USB there will be message to connect USB cable.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Figure 35. Settings menu 6.5.1. Active pattern Active pattern is a pattern which Logger is working on. It is used to programming new detonators, for editing, listing and testing. Here another pattern can be loaded from list or new pattern can be made. Delete pattern User can delete pattern from Logger’s memory. Pattern have to be pointed using arrow keys and F2 key. Deleting must be confirmed then by pressing F1 key. 6.5.2. Connection mode Connection mode can be changed here. 6.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Figure 36. System submenu 6.5.5.1. System info Displays Logger’s serial number, firmware version, date of last battery changes and revision. 6.5.5.2. Clean memory It is to delete all patterns from Logger’s memory. 6.5.5.3. PIN settings It is to change user or admin PIN. To change admin PIN, it must be entered when the device is starting. PIN can be from 1 to 8 digits long or empty. If user PIN is empty, Logger will not ask for PIN on start.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 6.5.5.8. Auto off timer Auto off timer can be set with the value between 1 and 60 minutes. If no key is pressed within this time Logger will be automatically turned off. Value 0 means auto off timer function is disabled. 6.5.5.9. Buttons beep If this function is on, there is a beep signal with every key pressed. If this is off, beep signal is only for important notifications. 6.6. PC connection Logger can be connected to PC with USB cable.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual When charging is finished, user will be informed. Charger may be unplugged. Logger will be automatically turned off. Figure 38. Charging done message 6.8. Firmware uploading To change the firmware, file FIRMWARE.BIN have to be placed inside BOOT folder of the internal. Logger’s memory. FIRMWARE.BIN file have to be encoded using device’s serial number. To copy this file to Logger regular PC connection (if old firmware is working) or bootloader mode can be used.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 1 2 3 4 * * + + + + 0 9 1 5 Figure 39. Token calculation algorithm Figure 40. Token checking screen This enables hidden Service menu as the last item of settings. Figure 41. Settings with Service menu enabled Figure 42.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 6.9.1. Export log to SD History log is created in a hidden part of memory. It cannot be changed or erased. With this option the content of this hidden log is exported to .xml file and copied to that part of memory, which can be accessed as mass storage. 6.9.2. Test LCD To test LCD whole screen is filled with one colour. Colour can be changed with OK key in following sequence: red, green, blue, white, black. BACK key lead back to Service menu. 6.9.3.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 6.11. Troubleshooting Problem Possible cause Action Logger won’t start Very low batter level Connect battery charger Error “OPEN LINE” Bus line or detonator is disconnected Connect Bus line or detonator and try again Error “SHORT LINE” Bus-line is shorted Remove the short circuit and try again Error “PIN ERROR” Entered PIN is incorrect Try to enter user or admin PIN again NFC transfer won’t start NFC antennas are not aligned 6.12.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Maximal line current 65 mA Dust and Water Resistance Level IP 67 7. Riotronic X+ Blaster – User manual This documentation considers following devices: 043-007-001 Blaster X+ WiFi 043-007-002 Blaster X+ RF868 043-007-003 Blaster X+ RF915 7.1.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 7.2. Device outlook 7.2.1. Keypad Blaster is equipped with membrane keypad at the front panel. Each key has selective backlight and only active keys are lighted. 7.2.2. Display Blaster is equipped with 3,5” LCD colour display. Top bar area Main operation area Function keys area Figure 44.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Figure 45. USB and charge sockets 7.2.5. Communication antenna socket Blaster is equipped with remote communication modem. Depending on version it could be WiFi modem or RF modem (868 MHz or 915 MHz). Socket for remote communication antenna is placed on the left side of front panel, just to the right of USB1 socket. Appropriate antenna should be connected before remote communication is started. 7.2.6.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Figure 47. NFC antenna 7.2.8. Turning device on and off To turn the device on press ON/OFF button and hold for about 3 seconds. Blaster proceed with initial auto test. If PIN checking is enabled, enter PIN and press OK or F2 button. Blaster starts with Logger connection screen to download the pattern. To turn the device off press ON/OFF button and then confirm with OK or F2 button.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual When receiving is finished, another pattern can be transferred and combined in one blast. Figure 49. Pattern received If there are no other patterns to transfer blast summary will be displayed. Name of the blast can be changed there. Figure 50. Blast summary 7.2.10. Test blast Before blast can be initiated firing line have to checked. First, all detonators from transferred patterns are checked if they are connected to the line and programmed with correct delay time.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual If there are not only OK detonators, there is warning. Detailed information can be checked using up and down arrow keys and OK or F2 key. F1 key is to continue, then it must be confirmed with F2 key. If there are only OK detonator, F2 or OK key should be pressed. Figure 51. Test blast 7.3. Blast procedure At the beginning of blast procedure, type of control must be chosen. It could be: Local – blast will be initiated on the Blaster, where firing line is connected.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Figure 53. Authorisation After authorisation detonators are ready to charge. CHARGE key has to be pressed. Figure 54. Press charge After that charging and calibration procedure is started. Figure 55. Charge in progress When detonators are charged, there are 10 minutes to initiate the blast by pressing and holding CHARGE and FIRE keys simultaneously for 2 seconds.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Figure 56. Ready to fire After initiation Blaster can be turned off with F2 key. F1 key leads to receiving new data. Figure 57. Fire command issued 7.3.2. Remote If remote blast control was chosen, Blaster have to be connected to Remote control device. Remote device RFID card should be put on NFC antenna or Remote serial number should be entered with numeric keypad and confirmed with OK key. Figure 58.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Communication method (wireless or wired) chosen in Remote type in settings menu will be used. Remote blasting has to be also started on Remote control device. Figure 59. Blaster connected to Remote control device When connection is established, all further operations are controlled by Remote device. Only ON/OFF and CANCEL/ABORT keys are active to abort blasting. Figure 60. Remote fire command issued After firing, Blaster can be switched off by Remote device or from local keypad.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Figure 61. Main menu 7.3.4. Test remote Test remote is to test communication between Blaster and Remote-control device. To test communication, serial number of Remote device must be entered or Remote card must be put on NFC antenna. Test remote must be also started on Remote. Figure 62. Remote test - connection setting After connection is established Blaster show signal strength and packet success ratio. Figure 63.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 7.3.5. Copy history History log is created in a hidden part of memory. It cannot be changed or erased. With this option the content of this hidden log with all information important for user is exported to .xml file and saved on USB flash memory. 7.4. Settings Settings menu is to change setting of Blaster listed below. Figure 64. Settings menu 7.4.1. Remote type There are two methods of connection with Remote control device: using wireless modem (WiFi or RF) or RS485 cable.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 7.5. System This is to enter to system settings submenu. Figure 66. System submenu 7.5.1. System info Displays Blaster’s serial number, firmware version, date of last battery change and revision. 7.5.2. PIN settings It is to change user or admin PIN. To change admin PIN, it must be entered when the device is starting. PIN can be from 1 to 8 digits long or empty. If user PIN is empty, Blaster will not ask for PIN on start.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 7.5.6. Buttons beep If this function is on, there is a beep signal with every key pressed. If this is off, beep signal is only for important notifications. 7.5.7. Reset WiFi This option is to reset WiFi modem to default configuration. It is used to enable direct connection between Blaster and PC and set new WiFi configuration. When this option is chosen WiFi modem will create Access Point with network called MAXAM_B_XX, where XX are last two digits of its serial number.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Figure 68. WiFi configuration page CAUTION! GPIO Control, Serial Setting and User Information must not be modified. Changes in those sections may block the modem. Usual to configure network connection S2W Setting & Scan network option is used. In Step 1 Mode should be set to Station Mode and Protocol to UDP Server. Then Setting button should be pressed to confirm and Next_Step to go to Step 2. Figure 69.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual In Step 2 mode should be set to DHCP or STATIC. In case of static, IP address, gateway and mask must be set. Then Setting button should be pressed to confirm and Next_Step to go to Step 3. Figure 70. WiFi configuration - Step 2 In Step 3 all accessible networks are listed. Button Join button have to be pressed next to preferred network name. User may be asked for password then. After confirming, modem is restarted with new configuration. Web browser may be closed. Figure 71.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Figure 73. Charging done message 7.7. Firmware uploading To change the firmware, file FIRMWARE.BIN have to be placed inside BOOT folder of the internal. Blaster’s memory. FIRMWARE.BIN file have to be encoded using device’s serial number. To copy this file to Blaster bootloader mode must be used. To start bootloader mode Blaster must be turned off first. Then up and down arrow keys have to be pressed and hold while ON/OFF is pressed to turn the device on.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 1 2 3 4 * * + + + + 0 9 1 5 Figure 74. Token calculation algorithm Figure 75. Token checking screen This enables hidden Service menu as the last item of settings. Figure 76. Settings with Service menu enabled Figure 77.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 7.8.1. Tag read This is to pair RFID card with Blaster. When this option is chosen, RFID tag must be tapped on NFC antenna. Unique serial number from card is stored in Blaster’s memory and Blaster’s serial number is written in card’s memory. Up to 3 cards can be paired with Blaster. 7.8.2. Export dev log History log is created in a hidden part of memory. It cannot be changed or erased.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 7.9. Restarting the device In case if device hangs, it could be restarted by pressing and holding any three keys (except ON/OFF) for longer than 4 seconds. 7.10.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Maximal Bus-line length 1000 m Number of supported detonators up to 500 Bus-line voltage 10,5 V and 20,5 V Maximal line current 65 mA and 300 mA Dust and Water Resistance Level IP 67 8. Riotronic X+ Remote – User manual This documentation considers following devices: 043-008-001 Remote X+ WiFi 043-008-002 Remote X+ RF868 043-008-003 Remote X+ RF915 8.1. General information Remote is a device used for communicating with Blasters for remote blast initiation.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 8.2. Device outlook 8.2.1. Keypad Remote is equipped with membrane keypad at the front panel. Each key has selective backlight and only active keys are lighted. 8.2.2. Display Remote is equipped with 3,5” LCD colour display. Top bar area Main operation area Function keys area Figure 79.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 8.2.5. Communication antenna socket Remote is equipped with remote communication modem. Depending on version it could be WiFi modem or RF modem (868 MHz or 915 MHz). Socket for remote communication antenna is placed on the top of Remote. Appropriate antenna should be connected before remote communication is started. Figure 81. Communication antenna socket 8.2.6. NFC antenna Remote is equipped with NFC communication antenna. NFC is used to read RFID card for blast authorisation.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 8.4. Pairing Blasters To pair Blaster with Remote Blaster’s authentication card should be put to Remote’s NFC antenna. Blaster will be added to the list and Remote will try to communicate with it using medium chosen in Remote Type setting. When communication is established, blasting name will be read and displayed on the list with connection status. Up to five Blasters can be added. Figure 83.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Figure 85. Remote is ready to start blast procedure 8.5. Blast procedure To enter to blast procedure user must be authenticated by putting Remote’s card to NFC antenna. Figure 86. Authentication After positive authentication system is ready to charge the detonators. To start that CHARGE key must be pressed.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Figure 87. Ready for charging the detonators Charging and calibration progress is displayed as a list of all Blasters. Detailed screen of each Blaster can also be show. To switch between Blasters ←B and B→ keys should be used. In case of any errors user should switch display to Blaster with error and then proceed as in local blasting on Blaster. Figure 88. Summary view for all Blasters Figure 89.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual If all detonators are properly charged and calibrated Remote is ready to fire. To initiate the blast CHARGE and FIRE keys must be pressed simultaneously for about five seconds. In this time communication status will be confirmed and fire command will be sent Blasters. Figure 90. Ready to fire After firing summary screen will be displayed with confirmation, that all Blasters fired. Figure 91.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Figure 92. Main menu 8.6.1. Test remote Test remote is to test communication between Remote and Blasters. At the beginning tested Blasters must be paired with Remote. To do that, Blasters’ cards must be put to Remote’s NFC antenna. Up to five Blasters can be added to the list. Then OK or F2 key must be pressed to start testing. Remote test must be also started and configured on Blasters. Figure 93. Remote test - connection setting Testing may be stopped with F2 key.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Figure 94. Remote test – results Figure 95. Remote test – results 8.6.2. Copy history History log is created in a hidden part of memory. It cannot be changed or erased. With this option the content of this hidden log with all information important for user is exported to .xml file and copied to part of flash memory accessible as mass storage device. 8.6.3. Settings Settings menu is to change settings of Remote listed below.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Figure 96. Settings menu 8.6.3.1. Remote type There are two methods of connection with Remote control device: using wireless modem (WiFi or RF) or RS485 cable. Preferred connection type can be set here. Figure 97. Remote type 8.6.3.2. System This is to enter to system settings submenu. Figure 98.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 8.6.3.3. System info Displays Remote’s serial number, firmware version, date of last battery changes and revision. 8.6.3.4. PIN settings It is to change user or admin PIN. To change admin PIN, it must be entered when the device is starting. PIN can be from 1 to 8 digits long or empty. If user PIN is empty, Logger will not ask for PIN on start. Admin PIN can be entered as old PIN, when user PIN is changed. 8.6.3.5. Time and date Current time and date can be set there. 8.6.3.6.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Default user name is admin and password is admin. Login button should be pressed. Configuration page will be opened. Figure 100. WiFi configuration page CAUTION! GPIO Control, Serial Setting and User Information must not be modified. Changes in those sections may block the modem. Usual to configure network connection S2W Setting & Scan network option is used. In Step 1 Mode should be set to Station Mode and Protocol to UDP Server.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual In Step 2 mode should be set to DHCP or STATIC. In case of static, IP address, gateway and mask must be set. Then Setting button should be pressed to confirm and Next Step to go to Step 3. Figure 102. WiFi configuration - Step 2 In Step 3 all accessible networks are listed. Button Join button have to be pressed next to preferred network name. User may be asked for password then. After confirming, modem is restarted with new configuration. Web browser may be closed. Figure 103.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 8.8. Battery charging Current battery level is displayed on top bar of display. To charge the battery dedicated power supply has to be connected to CHARGE socket at the bottom of Remote. Remote automatically starts charging and suitable message will be displayed. There is no possibility to use Remote while charging. Figure 105. Battery charging screen When charging is finished, user will be informed. Charger may be unplugged. Remote will be automatically turned off. Figure 106.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 8.10. Service menu To get access to Service menu, user PIN must be set first. After Remote is turned on, service PIN 62926082 must be entered instead of user PIN. Service PIN is fixed and cannot be changed. There is a second stage of authorisation – token checking. There are four digits displayed on the screen. Another four digits must be entered.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Figure 110. Service menu 8.10.1. Tag read This is to pair RFID card with Blaster. When this option is chosen, RFID tag must be tapped on NFC antenna. Unique serial number from card is stored in Blaster’s memory and Blaster’s serial number is written in card’s memory. Up to 3 cards can be paired with Blaster. 8.10.2. Export dev log History log is created in a hidden part of memory. It cannot be changed or erased.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 8.10.7. Set GUI colour GUI colour schemes can be changed.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Battery type Li-Ion Display type LCD Display size 3,5” Display resolution 320x480 Dust and Water Resistance Level IP 67 82
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 9. Annex 9.1. Rules of thumb in blasting design Recommendations for timing Some of the basic ‘rules of thumb’ for designing timing in quarrying are noted below. In each situation, local site conditions will determine what the optimal timing should be. MAXAM recommends that a competent blasting engineer, who is familiar with the ground conditions, performs all timing design. Explosive rock interactions happen very fast.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual In hard rock, the best fragmentation is observed between three and five milliseconds per meter. If the blast pattern has a five-meter spacing, the optimal delay is expected to be between 15 and 25 milliseconds. Variations in rock type and geology will change this rule. In very hard ground, the optimum delay may be as fast as one or two milliseconds per meter.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Rock properties Limestone specific gravity (g/cm3) 2.4 - 2.9 density (kg/m3) Solid rock density (kg/m3) broken rock 2643 1682 p-wave velocity m/s 2500-6000 546000 Uniaxial Tensile Compressive strength Strength (Mpa) (MPa) 10 - 245 6 - 25 Table 1 Properties of limestone A rough calculation might be as follows: Burden =3.8 meters. To find the optimum inter-row timing in our ground, assuming that the rock needed to explode is limestone, read the tables above.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 9.2. Air blast and vibration 9.2.1. Air blast This can be a tricky one. It depends on where the air blast is coming from. The first thing to do is to look at an air blast trace and work out where the maximums are coming from. There are three main sources of air blast peak: 9.2.2. Face Bursting If holes are under burdened, explosive gases can vent into the atmosphere at a higher pressure than normal. This will cause air blast.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 9.2.4. Lead holes The first few holes to fire often cause the highest air blast. This is thought to be because they are working the hardest and have no free faces developed by the holes beside them. In some situations, it has been seen that firing the first couple of holes a bit slower can significantly reduce peak air blast. For example, if the optimal timing was 18/55, the first couple of holes could be timed at 25/30 milliseconds between them.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 9.2.5.1. The method of signature hole Figure 117. Analysis using MAXAM software Figure 118. Relationship between PPV, delay time and frequency Based on analysis of the signature hole, the minimum PPV and maximum Frequency is generated by an inter-hole interval of close to 25ms (Figure 118). The inter row timing should be chosen trying to avoid overlapping with holes located on the previous line. 9.3.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Stemming Overburden material A set of rules of thumb will be developed for these key parameters based on blast-hole diameters. 9.3.1. Blast-hole Diameter Drilling and blasting costs generally decrease with an increase in blast-hole diameter. This provides the incentive to maximize diameters.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual 150 mm for drilling coal seams, using simple rotary “auger” drills, and 229, 251, & 311 mm in iron ore mines, with “tricone” bits and “rotary” rigs. Hole Diameter Rules of Thumb #1 Excellent energy distribution can be achieved by using blast-hole diameters (mm) equal to the bench height (m) multiplied by 8 to 15.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Burden and spacing designs are influenced by: Design powder factor Blast-hole diameter Rock mass properties (and particularly, the properties of the strongest, most massive rock penetrated by blast-holes) Required fragmentation, displacement and muck pile looseness required (these being strong functions of the type of digging equipment employed) Geometry of the block to be blasted Rule of thumb #2: Burden lies in the range of 24-36 diameters.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual This over confinement of gases causes: excessive backbreak ground vibration reduced fragmentation reduced muck pile looseness & diggability Special attention should be paid to the positions of front row blast-holes. If the burden on front row charges is excessive, the rock will not move sufficiently to allow rock in subsequent rows to blast optimally and the blast will be a disaster.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual back) and to reduce costs in throw blasting (increase burdens after first five to six rows as these will not throw because of the material in front.) 9.3.4. Blast-hole Pattern (Staggered v Square) One of the most common questions asked of blast design is “What is the advantage of staggered patterns over square patterns?”. Square patterns are simple to mark out and often the end result seems to be the same.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Although the mechanical efficiency of staggered patterns exceeds that of square or rectangular patterns, the difference in blasting results decreases with a decrease in the strength of the rock mass. In weak or closely fissured rock the difference in blasting results may not be noticeable. Main Points - blast-hole pattern Staggered patterns are more economical than square or rectangular patterns in strong rock.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Subgrade = 8-12 blast-hole diameters for surface blasting operations. (Remember that rules of thumb are just that, an initial first pass estimate). In strong, massive rocks, subdrilling of about 8D is usually found to be satisfactory. But subdrilling as high as 12D may be necessary in front row blast-holes in places where vertical blast-holes shoot to relatively high or shallow dipping faces.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Explosives distribution is very dependent on the rock mass to be blasted. If a single bed of strong massive rock lies within relatively weak/soft materials, a high energy fully coupled charge should be placed in that part of the blast-hole within the strong rock. In weaker material, a lower energy charge should be located both below and above the strong bed.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual Rule #5 Stemming length is 20 - 30 blast-hole diameters. In strong, massive rock, stemming length may be kept short to ensure good breakage at the collar, but not induce excessive air blast or fly rock. Small pocket charges may be used if required. In weak rock, stemming lengths can be increased to take advantage of the weaker material in the collar area breaking.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual If there is a layer of hard rock between weaker materials, the primer can be placed within the tougher rock. This could assist to break the hard rock, and may also prevent charges from easily blowing out through the weaker material. Several primers may also be used in each blast-hole, for many different reasons. Multiple primers provide “insurance” in long blast-holes, and are desirable if the rock contains cracks or faults that could cut off charges during the blast.
RIOTRONIC X+ User Manual In places where the intra-row delay is made too long, blast-holes function individually with reduced fragmentation and movement. This is due to the relaxation of blast induced cracks in the burden rock of the adjacent blast-hole, which then both stop the development of radial cracks from the blast-hole firing and act as escape paths for explosive energy.
