Instruction Manual 1412i Photoacoustic Gas Monitor BE6025-15
Index ________________________________________________________________________ Index Index ................................................................................................................................... 2 1412i Photoacoustic Gas Monitor ............................................................................................. 4 Safety Considerations. ...................................................................................................... 5 Applying Power ...............
Index ________________________________________________________________________ 10.6 Error Logging Function .......................................................................................... 124 10.7 Printing-out Data from the Monitor ......................................................................... 125 Chapter 11 Maintenance of the 1412i .................................................................................. 126 11.1 Changing the Fine Air-filters ..................................
Safety Considerations ________________________________________________________________________ 1412i Photoacoustic Gas Monitor July 2014 _____________________________________________________________________________ BE6025-15 1412i Photoacoustic Gas Monitor LumaSense Technologies A/S Page 4 of 202
Safety Considerations ______________________________________________________________________ Safety Considerations. Throughout this manual Monitor is used for: Photoacoustic Gas Monitor – INNOVA 1412i The Monitor complies with: • EN/IEC 61010-1, 2nd Edition: Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use. • Can/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1-04 - Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use. • UL Std. No.
Safety Considerations ______________________________________________________________________ Environmental Conditions for transport and storage: Temperature: Relative Humidity: Atmospheric Pressure: -25 to +55ºC 0 to 80% RH 800 to 1060 hPa Warnings! • Avoid water condensation in the instrument. • Switch off all equipment before connecting or disconnecting their digital interface. Failure to do so could damage the equipment.
Safety Considerations ______________________________________________________________________ Applying Power Before using the 1412i check that the available mains voltage match the specified voltage and frequency for the instrument. SAFETY SYMBOLS The apparatus will be marked with this symbol when it is important that the user refers to the associated warning statement given in the User Guide.
Chapter 1 ______________________________________________________________________ Chapter 1 Using this Manual July 2014 _____________________________________________________________________________ BE6025-15 1412i Photoacoustic Gas Monitor LumaSense Technologies A/S Page 8 of 202
Chapter 1 ______________________________________________________________________ 1.1 Introduction This manual can be used in several ways. The first time users can work their way through the examples in order to get to know this monitoring system. The more experienced users can jump directly to the relevant chapters in order to gain assistance, and experts can use this manual as a reference book by using the index.
Chapter 1 ______________________________________________________________________ SELECT SET-UP BRANCH MEASUREMENT FORMAT CONFIGURATION The display above is used continuously through-out this manual. It assists you displaying the text on screen and by indicating which of the push-buttons can and should be pressed.
Chapter 1 ______________________________________________________________________ SYSTEM Text that appears on the display screen is shown in an open shaded box, using UPPER case letters. FORMAT System General Clock When referring to any part of the Set-up “tree”, the text is shown in open shaded boxes with the same typeface as that used in the “tree”.
Chapter 2 ______________________________________________________________________ Chapter 2 Preliminary Tasks July 2014 _____________________________________________________________________________ BE6025-15 1412i Photoacoustic Gas Monitor LumaSense Technologies A/S Page 12 of 202
Chapter 2 ______________________________________________________________________ When taking delivery of the 1412i Photoacoustic Gas Monitor, five very important and preliminary tasks must be completed before starting to operate it: Install the BZ7002 Calibration Software to enable operation Back-up of the calibration file supplied with the instrument if calibrations are performed by LumaSense Technologies A/S. Connect the Monitor to a PC (see section 2.1).
Chapter 2 ______________________________________________________________________ application, which communicates communication protocol. using the USB interface The USB interface cable can be connected while the gas monitor is switched on. 2.1.3 Fitting the Ethernet Cable.
Chapter 2 ______________________________________________________________________ 3. Undo the upper four screws holding the frame over the backpanel of the 1412i using Pozidrive screwdriver No. 0. 4. Using the Pozidrive screwdriver No.0 undo the upper four screws which hold the frame over the front panel of the 1412i.
Chapter 2 ______________________________________________________________________ 5. Gently lift off the upper cover of the 1412i by pulling it firmly upward. 6. Use a screwdriver to remove the fuse-holder: 7. Remove the old fuse from the holder and replace it with a new. Check that the fuse has the correct rating. The fuse must be: Slow-blow (T) fuse with a rating of 2.5 A, 250 VAC, 5x20 mm, UL approved. LumaSense order number: VF0102A 8. Install the fuse-holder and re-assemble the 1412i again.
Chapter 2 ______________________________________________________________________ cover back in its correct position on top of the 1412i and screw in all the screws. 2.3 Setting the USB Communication Parameters The LumaSoft Gas 7810 application with USB communication is able to communicate with the 1412i gas monitor through a USB cable. BZ7002 and BZ7003 applications with USB communication are able to communicate with the 1412i gas monitor through a USB cable.
Chapter 2 ______________________________________________________________________ Baud rate Stop bits Data bits Parity Hardwire mode Handshake type Text Line Terminator 9600 1 7 Even Leased line Hardwire CR-LF Performing a full reset will set all parameters to the default settings. 2.4.2 Checking/Changing the RS-232 Communication Parameters The communication parameters for the serial interface must be set using the push-buttons on the front of the monitor. An example is given below 1.
Chapter 2 ______________________________________________________________________ 2.4.4 Checking/Changing the Data Log and Error Log Options. The Data Log and Error Log must be set using the push-buttons on the front of the monitor. Press SET-UP S3 S1 S1 S3 ▼S1 S1 Press SET-UP to exit the set-up mode 2.5 Setting the Ethernet Communication Parameters The LumaSoft Gas 7810 application with Ethernet communication is able to communicate with the 1412i gas monitor through a local Ethernet network.
Chapter 2 ______________________________________________________________________ below step 6 as the IP address is set by the DHCP server. If you want yourself to set the IP address of the 1412i press the S1 (No) key. The screen display now shows the following text. 1412i'S IP ADDRESS 192.168.000.200 PRESS ENTER TO CHANGE VALUE 4. Here you can change the IP address of the 1412i gas monitor in case the IP address is not set by a DHCP server in the local network.
Chapter 2 ______________________________________________________________________ 7. Here you can change the IP port number by using the ▲ and ▼ keys. The port number can be set in the range from 0 to 32767. In case you want to return to the start value of the IP port number press the S1 (CANCEL) key. In case you want to return to the default stored value of the IP port number press the S3 (DEFAULT) key. When you have set the IP port number, press the ↵ key. The screen display now shows the following text.
Chapter 2 ______________________________________________________________________ CURRENT DHCP ADDRESS 192.168.000.062 ACCEPT 10. Here the IP address of the 1412i, which has been assigned by the DHCP server, is displayed. This IP address can be used to manually set Ethernet communication in a PC application, which accesses the 1412i gas monitor. Press the S2 (ACCEPT) key to accept. 11. This concludes the setup of the Ethernet parameters of the 1412i gas monitor. Press the SET-UP key to leave the setup. 2.
Chapter 2 ______________________________________________________________________ Fig.2.1 The 1412i gas monitor homepage 2.6 Setting-up user Levels Press the Lock function push button on the front of the Monitor. This enables setting up 3 different user levels, Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3. These user levels are password protected. Level 1 is the Operator level, which enables start/stop and reading of measurement results. Partial Reset is possible.
Chapter 2 ______________________________________________________________________ Password: ***** (5 times *) These settings are to be used to change user level or password the first time. 2.6.2 Changing the Password In order to change the Password Press the Lock function push button on the front of the Monitor. The following text is displayed. CURRENT USER LEVEL IS X CHANGE USER LEVEL CHANGE PASSWORD Press S3 “CHANGE PASSWORD” The following text appears.
Chapter 2 ______________________________________________________________________ The following text is displayed. CURRENT USER LEVEL IS X CHANGE USER LEVEL CHANGE PASSWORD 1. Press S1 “CHANGE USER LEVEL” The following text appears. ENTER PASSWORD "*****" PRESS ENTER TO CHANGE VALUE 2. Press ↵ . 3. Enter the current Password using the ▲ and ▼ keys. 4. Press ↵ . The following text appears. CURRENT USER LEVEL IS X PRESS ENTER TO CHANGE VALUE 5. Press ↵ . 6. Use the ▲ and ▼ keys to change the User level. 7.
Chapter 3 ______________________________________________________________________ Chapter 3 Philosophy of Operation July 2014 _____________________________________________________________________________ BE6025-15 1412i Photoacoustic Gas Monitor LumaSense Technologies A/S Page 26 of 202
Chapter 3 ______________________________________________________________________ The monitor has several essential operational features, which enable you to operate it without undue reference to this Instruction Manual. The main features of the monitor which ensure its simple and easy operation are listed below: • • • • • The fully, comprehensive Software BZ7002 and BZ7003. The LumaSoft Gas Single Point 7810 application software.
Chapter 3 ______________________________________________________________________ 3.2 Stand-alone Use This method of operation is available to those of you who wish to use the monitor without connection it to a PC. The monitor is set-up and the results are displayed via the monitor’s front panel. The structure of the monitor set-up can be viewed like an inverted tree. The main branches divide and separate into minor branches. These in turn divide again and again.
Chapter 3 ______________________________________________________________________ SELECT SET-UP BRANCH MONITORING TASK ENVIRONMENT 3. To select the ENVIRONMENT branch, press S3. The text is displayed. AUTO SELECT FLUSHING MODE FIXED TIME 4. To select the AUTO flushing mode, press S1. The following text is displayed. LENGTH OF SAMPLING TUBE 00.00 m PRESS ENTER TO CHANGE VALUE This branch does not divide again.
Chapter 3 ______________________________________________________________________ The procedures in the example above are common to all the situations where the “select” push-buttons can be used to access the different levels in the monitor.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ Chapter 4 Introduction to and Familiarization with the Monitor July 2014 _____________________________________________________________________________ BE6025-15 1412i Photoacoustic Gas Monitor LumaSense Technologies A/S Page 31 of 202
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ The Monitor is an extremely versatile measuring instrument, which can be used to perform almost any kind of monitoring task. Its versatility may appear overwhelming at first, but to avoid such a reaction, we suggest that you read this chapter thoroughly, and follow the practical exercises, which are included.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ Table 4.1 gives some indication to the measurement times depending on the number of gases measured and the measurement times selected. However, these times may vary from one measurement cycle to another due to the cleanliness of the filters and the degree of fluctuation in the concentration of the various gases. Table 4.1 Approximate measurement times Monitor Setup S.I.T.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ Fig.4.1 4.1.4 An illustration of the fixed sampling intervals of the monitor when it is not sampling continuously. Continuous Sampling The Monitor is said to be sampling continuously when each measurement cycle is followed immediately by another similar measurement cycle (see Fig.4.2). Fig.4.2 4.1.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ number of days, the Monitor will automatically change the period to 7 days. However, if you do not set a pre-defined monitoring period, the Monitor will just store as much data as possible before starting to overwrite the “oldest” stored measurement results. 4.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ 4.3 Familiarization with the Monitor using the Front Panel 4.3.1 Setting the Internal Clock Before dispatched from the factory, the internal clock of the Monitor is set to the correct local (Danish) time. If the monitor is to be used as a stand-alone instrument, then the clock can be adjusted to your local time using the following instructions. 1. Switch on the AC Mains power switch on the back-panel of the Monitor. 2.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ The following screen picture appears: CURRENT DATE 2014-04-19 PRESS ENTER TO CHANGE VALUE Dates are entered as the Year-Month-Day, for example the 19th April, 2014 has to be entered as 2014-04-19. 4. To change the date, press ↵ . 5. Use the direction keys to enter the correct date. Note: press S1 to revert back to the original date. 6. Press ↵ to accept date.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ MEASUREMENT SELECT SET-UP BRANCH FORMAT CONFIGURATION 11. Press SET-UP to exit. 4.3.2 Setting Units All data in the Monitor is stored as raw data. The different units, which you can select here, enable you to enter gas concentrations and to display temperatures, lengths and pressures in units, which you are comfortable with. These units are also used to present measurement data in a form that is most convenient for you.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ 4. Select metres as the unit of length, °C as the temperature unit, and kPa as the pressure unit by using a procedure similar to that described in the previous steps. After the pressure unit has been selected the following text appears on the display: SELECT HUMIDITY UNIT mg/m3 PRESS ENTER TO CHANGE VALUE There are more than three humidity units to choose from therefore the means by which a unit is selected differs: 5.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ The Auto option regulates the flushing time depending on the sampling tube length and the cleanliness of the air-filter (as the filter become dirtier, the flushing time will increase). The Fixed Time option is divided in to two parts; chamber flushing time and sample tube flushing time. Once defined, these times are constant regardless of the sampling tube length and cleanliness of the filters. Auto Option a.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ f. Use the direction keys to define the normalization temperature: ▲ and ▼ to increase and decrease the numbers, respectively; t and u to move the cursor across the fields. g. Press ↵ to select displayed temperature. The display screen then jumps to the “head” of the MEASUREMENT branch of the Set-Up Tree and the following text is shown: SELECT MEASUREMENT SET-UP BRANCH MONITORING TASK ENVIRONMENT Fixed Time Option a.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ TUBE FLUSHING TIME 3s PRESS ENTER TO CHANGE VALUE f. Press ↵ . g. Use the direction keys to define the tube flushing time. Note: the range of acceptable values for tube flushing ranges from 3s to 120s, increasing in 1s steps. h. Press ↵ to select displayed flushing time. The following text is displayed. NORMALIZATION TEMPERATURE 20.0°C PRESS ENTER TO CHANGE VALUE i. Press SET-UP 4.3.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ Stand-alone Settings Monitoring Task Set-up Number = 1 Sampling = Continuous Monitor for pre set period = No Compensate for Water Vapour Interference = Yes Compensate for cross-interference = No Measure Gas A: XXXXXX = Yes Measure Gas B: XXXXXX = No Measure Water Vapour = Yes Note: flushing is set in Environmental Parameters, section 4.3.3, and the S.I.T’s are set up in the Filters setup, section 12.3.3 1.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ The text which appears on the display during the next step is really self-explanatory and it is therefore possible for you to follow why the button-pushes listed in the next step will set-up the monitoring task which is described at the beginning of section 4.3.4. 3. Press S3 S1 S3 S1 S3, then press S1 until the text MEASURE WATER VAPOUR appears on the display. 4. Press the S3 button to answer “YES” to measure water vapour.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ 1. Press MEASURE. The following text appears on the screen: ACTIVE TASK: MONITORING TASK NUMBER 1 START TASK DELAYED TASK CHANGE TASK Please note: if you do not use one of the “select” keys within a short time after the above text appears, the Monitor will automatically stop operating in Measure mode (the light-emitting diode in the MEASURE key switches off). If this happens just press MEASURE again.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ Then press ↵ again to accept the task number. The following text appears on the display screen: ACTIVE TASK: MONITORING TASK NUMBER 1 START TASK DELAYED TASK CHANGE TASK 5. Press S1 to start the monitoring task.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ A: 84.5 E+00 D:________ B:________ E:________ C: ________ W: 8.25 E+00 This display gives the overview of the gas/vapour concentrations last measured – in this case the concentration of gas A and humidity of the water vapour are in the units that were selected – that is mg/m3 for gas A and Tdew for water vapour (see section 4.3.2). 4.3.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ The displays which follow indicate the type of text which appears each time q is pressed: GAS A: MAX 84.5E+00 ALARM 1_____ MIN 7.42E+00 µ 8.03+00 s 2.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ after the time will be replaced by a number as soon as the monitoring task has been stopped (see section 4.3.8). After scrolling through the list of individual measurement results for gas A, the following text is displayed: SAMPLING IS CONTINUOUS MONITORING PERIOD IS NOT PRE-SET COMPENSATION FOR WATER VAP. INTERFERENCE MONITORING TASK STARTED 2014-01-16 09:50 MEASUREMENT CHAMBER TEMPERATURE 29.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ DATA IN DISPLAY MEMORY RECORDED FROM 2014-01-16 09:50 TO 2014-01-16 10:04 4. Press u. This causes the following text to appear on the screen: WATER VAPOUR MEASURED Use q to scroll through the following screen displays: MONITORING PERIOD IS NOT PRE-SET WATER: MAX 8.55E+00 MIN 7.01E+00 µ 8.15+00 σ 816E-03 W: WATER VAPOUR: 971.88mBar 2014-01-16 09:50:32 _________ 7.39Tdew W: WATER VAPOUR: 2014-01-16 09:51:33 ________ 971.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ 4.3.8 Stopping a Monitoring Task 1. Let the Monitor, monitor for a total period of about 30 minutes and then press MEASURE. The following text will appear on the screen: NO STOP MONITORING TASK ? YES If you pressed MEASURE accidentally, this screen enables you to cancel the request to stop the monitoring task in progress – by pressing S1. 2. Press S3 to stop the task.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ Fig.4.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ 1. Press q and u. The following text appears on the display: WATER VAPOUR MEASURED The displays which follow, indicate the type of text which appears each time q is pressed: WATER: ALARM 1 MAX 8.55E+00 MIN 7.01E+00 µ 8.15+00 σ 816E-03 This is the statistical report of the monitored gases/vapours displayed when the monitoring task is complete.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ After scrolling through the list of individual measurement results for water vapour the following screen displays appear: SAMPLING IS CONTINUOUS MONITORING PERIOD IS NOT PRE-SET COMPENSATION FOR WATER VAP. INTERFERENCE MONITORING TASK STARTED 2014-01-16 09:50 MEASUREMENT CHAMBER TEMPERATURE 39.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ A: (the name of the gas being measure by Filter A will appear here) 972.06 mBar 2014-01-16 A: 09:50:32 ________ 7.42 mg/m3 972.06 mBar 7.43 mg/m3 (the name of the gas being measure by Filter A will appear here) 2014-01-16 09:51:33 _________ Press u so you can scroll through the list showing water-vapour’s results. If you do not wish to view the results anymore, press ↵ , this acts as a “go to head” function. 4.3.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________________ 4. Press SET-UP. Use q to scroll through the results of the monitoring task no. 1 displayed on the screen. Notice that the water vapour unit has been changed to ppm. 4.3.12 Changing the Pressure Unit after a Monitoring Task 1. Press SET-UP display: kPa S3 S2 and then q to reach the following SELECT PRESSURE UNIT mBar mmHg 2. Press S3 to accept the unit of mmHg. 3. Press SET-UP.
Chapter 5 ______________________________________________________________________ Chapter 5 The Monitor July 2014 _____________________________________________________________________________ BE6025-15 1412i Photoacoustic Gas Monitor LumaSense Technologies A/S Page 57 of 202
Chapter 5 ______________________________________________________________________ 5.1 Introduction This chapter is primarily for those users who want to use the monitor as a stand-alone instrument. But the start-up and alarm relay sections are also of interest for the PC user. 5.2 Front Panel The front panel of the monitor is dominated by a 2 x 40 character fluorescent display screen, 3 Select push-buttons located beneath it and 5 direction push-buttons (see Fig. 5.1).
Chapter 5 ______________________________________________________________________ 5.2.1 Direction Push-buttons This group of 5 push-buttons is referred to in this manual as the direction push-buttons. ▲ & ▼ have two uses: to increase & decrease numbers, respectively, or to go to the Previous & Next Displays, respectively.
Chapter 5 ______________________________________________________________________ • • 5.2.2 If you are viewing measurement data, when ↵ is pressed, the display will move to the screen showing the text DATA IN DISPLAY MEMORY RECORDED FROM… which gives the period of time data was recorded – see Fig.4.4 for details. If the Monitor is performing measurements when ↵ is pressed, the Monitor will display the last measured concentrations of all the gases.
Chapter 5 ______________________________________________________________________ AVERAGE This push-button allows you to average measurement data. The lamp in this push-button is lit when measurement data is being averaged. You define the averaging times using the set-up mode. EVENT (If an unusual or interesting event occurs during a measurement period, you can mark the time such an event took place by pressing this push-button. Each event marker is given a serial number, which can be used as a reference.
Chapter 5 ______________________________________________________________________ 5.3 Starting-up or Restarting the Monitor 5.3.1 Introduction When the monitor is started up in the normal way, that is, by switching on the AC Mains power-switch on the back panel, the monitor responds by performing a partial reset.
Chapter 5 ______________________________________________________________________ Programmable Read Only Memory) and the integrity of the data stored in the Monitor’s Working Memory (RAM). Hardware test This test checks that the electrical, mechanical and electronic parts of the Monitor are functioning properly.
Chapter 5 ______________________________________________________________________ 5.3.3 Response of the Monitor after a Partial Reset The way in which the Monitor responds after a partial reset is dependent upon the way it was being operated at the time of the partial reset (see Table 5.1).
Chapter 5 ______________________________________________________________________ 5.3.4 Full reset and/or Partial Reset of the Monitor via its Front Panel There are two well-defined levels of reset. By pressing RESET the following text appears on the display screen: SELECT RESET TYPE PARTIEL FULL NONE If S3 is pressed, you can come out of reset mode without performing any kind of reset. The Monitor just goes back to operating the same way it was operating before the RESET push-button was pressed.
Chapter 5 ______________________________________________________________________ • Copying data from its Source Memory into its Working Memory. This means that set-up parameters in block 3 of Working Memory “Other Set-up Parameters” will be given their default values, and the values of the optical filter setup parameters in Working Memory will be the same as those found in Source Memory. 5.4 Configuring the Monitor 5.4.
Chapter 5 ______________________________________________________________________ 4. Use the direction push-buttons to enter the correct date. If you make a mistake, press S1 to revert back to the original date. 5. Press ↵ to accept the date. This causes the text on the display screen to change to the following: CURRENT TIME 12:00 PRESS ENTER TO CHANGE VALUE 6. To change the time, press ↵ . 7. Use the direction push-buttons to enter the correct time.
Chapter 5 ______________________________________________________________________ Table 5.3 The available choices and the default value of the Monitor’s “beep” Display Text ENTER SOUND VOLUME 0 Available Choices 0, 1, 2, 3 Default Value 1 To set the volume: 1. Press SET-UP. 2. Press S3 S1 S1 S2 . The following screen picture appears: SOUND VOLUME 1 PRESS ENTER TO CHANGE VALUE 3. To change the volume, press ↵ . 4. Use the direction push-buttons to enter the correct volume.
Chapter 5 ______________________________________________________________________ 5.5 Alarm Relay Two alarm relays are built into the alarm relay socket on the back panel of the Monitor. The function of the pins in this female connector is shown in Fig.5.2.
Chapter 5 ______________________________________________________________________ LumaSense supplies a 6-pin DIN plug (male) with a locking collar JP0600 for connecting external alarm devices to the alarm relay. Caution: The DC voltage across the relay contacts must not exceed 25V. The potential on the relay contacts must not be more than 25VDC above chassis potential, as this will cause an excessive leakage current. The current through the contacts must not exceed 100mA.
Chapter 6 ______________________________________________________________________ Chapter 6 Keying-in Parameters July 2014 6.1 Types of Parameters There are four types of parameters: Numerical: you are free to enter the desired values. However, there may in many instances be a range in which your values must lie. These ranges can be found in the relevant sections of this manual.
Chapter 6 ______________________________________________________________________ Text: you are able to type user-defined text, for example, the names of the gases you are measuring and when using the PC the names of your databases. The characters available to you when using the monitor on its own are shown in the table below: Fig.6.1 The characters which are available for gas names Characters available for Gas Names ▲→ AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSs TtUuVvXxYyZz_’ ”.
Chapter 6 ______________________________________________________________________ Default This option appears over the S3 select push-button. If you wish the parameter appearing on the display screen to be the same as the factory-defined value you can press S3. Some parameters do not have pre-defined default values, so that when Default is used a blank line will appear instead of a number. The default value of such a parameter is said to be “blank”.
Chapter 7 ______________________________________________________________________ Chapter 7 Setting-up and Starting a Monitoring Task July 2014 _____________________________________________________________________________ BE6025-15 1412i Photoacoustic Gas Monitor LumaSense Technologies A/S Page 74 of 202
Chapter 7 ______________________________________________________________________ Before a measurement task can commence, there are a variety of parameters that must be defined first. This is called “Setting up the Monitor”. This chapter instructs you on how to set up the monitoring system before starting to measure. As mentioned previously in this manual, the parameters can be defined using the PC Use instructions, i.e. when using a PC, or the stand-alone Use instructions, i.e.
Chapter 7 ______________________________________________________________________ Normalization Temperature If you have chosen to measure gas concentrations in the unit mg/m3, you must “enter” the temperature at which the Monitor should calculate gas concentrations. If, for example, you “enter” a normalization temperature of 25°C, the measured gas concentrations, which appear on the display during a monitoring task will be calculated in mg/m3 units at 25°C.
Chapter 7 ______________________________________________________________________ SELECT CONFIGURATION SET-UP BRANCH SYSTEM UNIT FILTERS Units branch 2. Press S2 to enter the Units branch. 3. Use the select push-buttons to define the concentration unit. 4. Use the select push-buttons to define the length unit. 5. Use the select push-buttons to define the temperature unit. 6. Use the select push-buttons to define the pressure unit. 7. The humidity unit is displayed.
Chapter 7 ______________________________________________________________________ Table 7.3 The range of acceptable values and the default value for the Fixed interval sampling Acceptable Values hours:minutes 00:01 to 01:00 Interval hours:minutes 00:01 Defalut Value hours:minutes 00:02 Flushing: the length of time the monitor flushes the measurement chamber and the sample tubing between measurements.
Chapter 7 ______________________________________________________________________ Cross Interference: if any “interferent” other than water vapour is present in the ambient air-sample, the Monitor can cross compensate for the interference caused by its presence provided that a selective optical filter is installed in the monitor to measure the concentration of interferent gas present.
Chapter 7 ______________________________________________________________________ The range of acceptable values and the default value of the averaging period are shown in Table 7.6. Table 7.
Chapter 7 ______________________________________________________________________ Alarm Set-up Select Gas: this option enables you to select any of the gases (one per filter position) already defined in the set-up. Limit: enables you to define the gas concentration that will trigger the alarms. The acceptable values are shown in Table 7.7. Select limits: this defines the concentration level when the alarm is triggered. This parameter must be defined. Table 7.
Chapter 7 ______________________________________________________________________ SELECT SET_UP BRANCH MEASUREMENT 1. FORMAT CONFIGURATION Press S1 to enter the MEASUREMENT branch. The new text displays two branches. Monitoring Task branch 2. Press S1 to enter the Monitoring Task branch. The following text is displayed: MONITORING TASK SET-UP NUMBER PRESS ENTER TO CHANGE VALUE 1 3. Up to 10 different monitoring tasks can be defined here. These are labelled from 1 to 10.
Chapter 7 ______________________________________________________________________ will then automatically stop monitoring 5 days, 14 hours and 30 minutes after the measurement cycle with this particular set-up number is started. The range of acceptable values and the default value of the monitoring period is shown in Table 7.8. Table 7.
Chapter 7 ______________________________________________________________________ SELECT MEASUREMENT SET-UP BRANCH MONITORING TASK ENVIRONMENT Environment branch 13. Press S3 to enter the Environment branch. 14. Use the select push-buttons to select the desired flushing mode. If you select Auto, go to step 17. If you select Fixed Time, go to step 15. 15. Use the direction push-buttons to define the Chamber Flushing Time. 16. Use the select push-buttons to select Tube Flushing.
Chapter 7 ______________________________________________________________________ 20. Use the direction push-buttons to enter the correct averaging period. 21. Use the select push-buttons to choose if you want to print each gas. If you select Yes, go to step 22. If you select No, go to step 23. 22. Use the select push-buttons to choose which individual parameters should be printed. Each time one of the select push-buttons is pressed, the next parameter is displayed.
Chapter 7 ______________________________________________________________________ 4. Use the direction push-buttons to set the alarm concentration. If you do not wish to activate the alarm function for a particular gas, select the DEFAULT. This will “blank out” the alarm level value for the gas and deactivate the alarm for that gas. GAS A HIGH ALARM LIMIT 2 _________mg/m3 PRESS ENTER TO CHANGE VALUE 5. Repeat steps 2 to 4 to set the alarms for the other filters. 6.
Chapter 7 ______________________________________________________________________ When you start a new monitoring task the following warning is displayed WARNING: DISPLAY MEMORY WILL BE DELETED to remind you to store any data that is presently stored in the Display Memory. If a monitoring task is stopped, any data already stored in Display Memory will be deleted when a monitoring task is started. 1. Press MEASURE.
Chapter 7 ______________________________________________________________________ The number appearing on the screen will be a number from 1 to 10. 4. Press ↵ and use the direction keys to change the monitoring task number to the desired value. Then press ↵ again to accept the task number. The following text appears on the display screen: ACTIVE TASK : MONITORING TASK NUMBER 1 START TASK 5. DELAYED TASK CHANGE TASK To start the measurement immediately, press S1. To delay the start, press S2.
Chapter 7 ______________________________________________________________________ When the monitoring task starts, the screen will change and display the same messages as those displayed when a monitoring task starts immediately. Immediate Start If you selected an immediate start, the following text appears on the screen: MEASUREMENT IN PROGRESS RESULTS NOT YET AVAILABLE 2.
Chapter 8 ______________________________________________________________________ Chapter 8 Viewing Measurement Data Using the Monitor July 2014 _____________________________________________________________________________ BE6025-15 1412i Photoacoustic Gas Monitor LumaSense Technologies A/S Page 90 of 202
Chapter 8 ______________________________________________________________________ 8.1 Displayed Monitoring Task Data When the Monitor is switched on, but not being operated in any mode, the screen display text identifies the data stored in its Display Memory, by displaying the day and time of the first stored measurement cycle of the monitoring task, as well as the day and time of the last measurement cycle of the monitoring task.
Chapter 8 ______________________________________________________________________ shown, press the INFO button. Text will appear on the screen to indicate why this particular measurement has been marked. The number which is shown on the display – between time and concentration – is only “filled-in” after completion of a monitoring task. The number indicates the order in which the measurements were made.
Chapter 8 ______________________________________________________________________ Fig.8.1 Organisation of monitoring-task data displayed on the monitor’s screen.
Chapter 8 ______________________________________________________________________ u &t Using these push-buttons users can scroll “horizontally” through any vertical level of data. For example, if the statistical analysis of the measurement results for water-vapour are displayed on the screen, then by using u you can read the statistical analysis of the measurement results for gas A, B, C etc. and then go back to the original display (see Fig.8.1).
Chapter 8 ______________________________________________________________________ 2.
Chapter 8 ______________________________________________________________________ n= N ∑ (C ) n = linear average of all the measurements made during N the averaging period. CTWA = n =1 Where: Cn = constant concentration measured at time Tn; N = the total number of measurements performed during the averaging period T min.
Chapter 8 ______________________________________________________________________ 8.2.1 Statistical Analysis Terms In the statistical analysis of the measurement results for each gas (see 3 in Fig.8.1) the following statistics appear: The Mean Value (µ) – this is the linear average of all measurements of a gas taken during the total monitoring period.
Chapter 8 ______________________________________________________________________ the text COMMON MARK and GAS MARK are listed below with a short explanation of what they mean: Common Marks: “P” (1) The Monitor stopped measuring due to a power failure but has automatically re-started the monitoring task again after regaining power; (2) The Monitor has been “reset” either because of a detected fault or because RESET was pressed. “E” The measurement has been marked by the User.
Chapter 8 ______________________________________________________________________ sometime between the previous sample time and the time which appears alongside this message. The symbol “E” is replaced by the text User Event NumberX: This indicates that the EVENT button was pressed while this measurement cycle was being performed. The number indicates the total number of “events” which have been marked during this monitoring task, at the time this sample was taken.
Chapter 9 ______________________________________________________________________ Chapter 9 Storage of Data in the Monitor’s Memory July 2014 _____________________________________________________________________________ BE6025-15 1412i Photoacoustic Gas Monitor LumaSense Technologies A/S Page 100 of 202
Chapter 9 ______________________________________________________________________ In order to fully understand the functioning of the Monitor it is necessary to know something about the different types of memory the Monitor uses, the kind of data stored in each type of memory, and how this data is affected by the various operations performed by the Monitor.
Chapter 9 ______________________________________________________________________ 9.1.2 Source Memory (EEPROM) The data stored in Source Memory is not lost if A.C. mains power is removed from the Monitor. There are three blocks of data in the Source Memory (see Fig.9.
Chapter 9 ______________________________________________________________________ Fig.9.1 Schematic diagram showing the structure of the Monitor’s memory Before calibrating a particular filter, one of the filter’s banks is made active (by operating the Monitor in Set-Up mode and “entering” the chosen filter-bank number for the filter being calibrated). The filter bank No.
Chapter 9 ______________________________________________________________________ factors which are calculated during the calibration procedure. This is done by selecting a FILTER BANK NO. – in the active set-up for Filter A each time the filter is calibrated. For example, Filter Bank No.”1” for storage of the calibration factors for sulphur hexafluoride, Filter Bank No.”2” for acetic acid and Filter Bank No.”3” for vinyl chloride.
Chapter 9 ______________________________________________________________________ There are four different blocks of data in the Working Memory (see Fig. 9.1): Block 1 – contains only calibration factors and 3 optical-filter parameters from each of the active “Filter Banks”. Block 2 – contains 2 of the 5 optical filter parameters with values which are the same as those found in Block 2 of the Source Memory. Block 3 – contains all other set-up parameters (i.e.
Chapter 9 ______________________________________________________________________ deleted. To reduce the risk of accidental losing data from Display Memory, a warning "WARNING: DISPLAY MEMORY WILL BE DELETED” is displayed whenever a user attempts to perform an operation with the Monitor, which will result in the deletion of data from Display Memory. Data in Display Memory can be copied into the Monitor’s Background Memory (see Block 5 below) to protect it against accidental deletion.
Chapter 9 ______________________________________________________________________ information is found in the Read Only Memory of the Monitor). These numerical parameters are called Optical Filter Factors. During a CALIBRATION TASK the Monitor uses these Optical Filter Factors to calculate the calibration factors for each installed optical filter. As explained in section 9.1.2, by “entering” a Filter Bank No.
Chapter 9 ______________________________________________________________________ 9.1.5 Effect of Changing the UA number in the “Active” Set-up WARNING!: Changing the UA number of a filter in the Monitor’s active set-up will destroy all calibration data for the filter. As explained in section 9.1.1, the UA No.
Chapter 9 ______________________________________________________________________ 9.1.6 Effect of a Full Reset on the Monitor’s Memory A FULL RESET of the Monitor changes the data stored in its Working Memory as follows: 1. All data stored in Display Memory and Background Memory is deleted. 2. Values of the Optical Filter Set-up Parameters in Block 2 of The Source Memory are copied into Block 2 of the Working Memory. 3.
Chapter 9 ______________________________________________________________________ Fig.9.4 The state of the Working Memory after a FULL RESET 9.2 Storage of Measurement Results While a monitoring task is being performed measurement data is stored in the Monitor’s Display Memory.
Chapter 9 ______________________________________________________________________ If data from a single monitoring task totally occupies the Display Memory, then this data can be stored in Background Memory provided that no data is already stored there. The data will occupy only one location of Background Memory and fill all available storage space.
Chapter 9 ______________________________________________________________________ Fig.9.5 Storing data from 4 different consecutive measurement tasks in the Background Memory. Whenever the Monitor is operating in Memory mode the user can, by pressing the INFO push-button, find out what percentage of the Background Memory is occupied and which location numbers have been used to store data. Fig.9.
Chapter 9 ______________________________________________________________________ 9.3 Management of Data in Background Memory The monitor has to be operated in Memory mode by pressing the MEMORY push-button. The following text appears on the screen: SELECT MEMORY FUNCTION STORE 9.3.
Chapter 9 ______________________________________________________________________ 2. Use the direction keys to select the correct location number. The following text is displayed. WARNING : DISPLAY MEMORY WILL BE DELETED PROCEED STOP 3. If you want to continue, press S1, and the following text is displayed.
Chapter 9 ______________________________________________________________________ If the starting-time of the oldest stored data to be deleted corresponds with the starting-time shown on the display screen then press S1 and then S2 to accept that the data will be deleted from Background Memory. 9.3.4 Obtaining Information in Memory Mode It is not necessary for the user to remember the numbers of the locations in Background Memory which have been used to store data.
Chapter 10 ______________________________________________________________________ Chapter 10 Using a Printer with the Monitor July 2014 _____________________________________________________________________________ BE6025-15 1412i Photoacoustic Gas Monitor LumaSense Technologies A/S Page 116 of 202
Chapter 10 ______________________________________________________________________ 10.1 Introduction This chapter informs you on how to obtain hard copies of data stored in the memory of the monitor. This could, for example, be existing calibration data, which you need prior to recalibrating. Alternatively, for those of you who want to use the monitor as a stand-alone instrument, this chapter enables you to print-out measurement data, error-logs and data-logs.
Chapter 10 ______________________________________________________________________ 4. Locate the input port on the printer. 5. Push the connector at the other end of the cable on to this socket, and secure it firmly using the securing screws. The instruments can be turned on at the mains now. 10.3 Setting-up Communication Parameters WARNING!: You must perform a PARTIAL RESET of the Monitor (press the RESET and S1 buttons) if the active value of any parameter in this branch of the Set-Up Tree is changed.
Chapter 10 ______________________________________________________________________ SELECT PARITY CHECK The user chooses whether or not transmitted data should be checked for transmission errors using the parity checking system. SELECT HARDWIRE MODE The user chooses which communication line (wire) should be used to control data transmission between the Monitor and other equipment. SELECT HANDSHAKE TYPE The user chooses which type of “handshake” should be used for transmission via the RS 232 interface.
Chapter 10 ______________________________________________________________________ 3. When you have been through all the parameters, the monitor returns to the top of the Communication branch of the Set-Up Tree. 4. Press S3 S1 and then SET-UP. This selects the RS-232 port as the communication port for the printer. 5. Press RESET and S1 to partially reset your Monitor. 10.3.
Chapter 10 ______________________________________________________________________ 1. After starting the HyperTerminal program please select a name for the connection. 2. Press OK to continue.
Chapter 10 ______________________________________________________________________ 3. Press Cancel to continue. 4. Press Yes to continue. 5. Press OK to continue. Connect using ‘TCP/IP (Winsock)’ and enter the IP Address of the gas monitor as the ‘Host address’. Press OK to continue.
Chapter 10 ______________________________________________________________________ 6. You are now able receive printed output from the gas monitor in the terminal window that you have just created. Below is shown a measuring task session. 10.4 Additional Parameters Required The other output parameters which determine the format of printouts are shown in Table 10.2 together with available choices and factory default values. Table 10.
Chapter 10 ______________________________________________________________________ SELECT TEXT LINE TERMINATOR The user chooses which character the Monitor should use as “end of text line” when data is transmitted from the Monitor. 10.
Chapter 10 ______________________________________________________________________ 10.7 Printing-out Data from the Monitor Before data can be printed out from the Monitor, the communication parameters must be checked/changed. This is explained in section 10.3.1 for RS-232 communication and in section 10.3.2 for the Ethernet communication. The text line terminator must be set (see section 10.4) before printing can proceed.
Chapter 11 ______________________________________________________________________ Chapter 11 Maintenance of the 1412i July 2014 _____________________________________________________________________________ BE6025-15 1412i Photoacoustic Gas Monitor LumaSense Technologies A/S Page 126 of 202
Chapter 11 ______________________________________________________________________ The only regular maintenance required for the 1412i is: Calibration – approximately every 3 months (see Chapter 12). Changing the fine air-filter paper in the internal and external airfiltration units (see section 11.1). Cleaning of the filter in the ventilation unit (see section 11.2). 11.1 Changing the Fine Air-filters The monitor is equipped with an internal filtration unit.
Chapter 11 ______________________________________________________________________ Whenever the Monitor needs to be calibrated, we recommend that the fine filter-paper in the internal air-filtration unit is changed before you calibrate. The fine filter-paper in the internal air-filtration unit must be changed at least twice a year; and more frequently if the environment in which the monitor is working contains large quantities of particulate material suspended in the air.
Chapter 11 ______________________________________________________________________ Acetone (analytically pure) Spare fine filter-paper DS 0759 Tweezers with Teflon coating Cotton buds Clean rubber gloves To change the filter-paper: Switch the power to the monitor “Off” by using the AC mains power switch on its back panel (press O), and then pull out the plug connecting the monitor to the AC mains power supply. Put a rubber glove on the hand, which is to hold the parts of the unit.
Chapter 11 ______________________________________________________________________ Fig.11.5 Cleaning the surfaces of the internal air-filtration unit Notes: Only proceed to the next step when the acetone has completely evaporated from the air-filter retaining disc and filtration unit. Each of the fine filter-papers DS 0759 are packed between two pieces of packing paper. The fine filter-paper is always white in colour. Remove a new fine filter-paper from its packaging using the tweezers.
Chapter 11 ______________________________________________________________________ Monitor. Screw it back into its mounting. To do this, turn the unit clockwise with your fingers to tighten until it is in position. Fig.11.7 Refitting the retaining disc 11.1.2 Changing the filtration Unit Filter-paper in the External Air- While you do this, we recommend that you wear clean, rubber gloves.
Chapter 11 ______________________________________________________________________ Fig.11.8 The parts of the external air-filtration unit UD 5023 Moisten a cotton bud with pure acetone and use it to clean the surfaces of the unit, the retaining disc and the coarse air-filter. Refer to Fig.11.8. Place the stub-end of the unit downwards, on a clean, dry surface; the coarse air-filter, with its screw-end downwards on a clean, dry surface and rest the retaining disc against it.
Chapter 11 ______________________________________________________________________ periodically taken out and cleaned. We recommend that this task is done at least as often as calibration, and more frequently if the Monitor is working in a very dusty atmosphere or an atmosphere containing high concentrations of other particulate matter. Use a “pozidrive” screwdriver to unscrew the screw on the grid cover. Remove the filter pad from inside the grid cover.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ Chapter 12 Calibration of the Optical Filters July 2014 _____________________________________________________________________________ BE6025-15 1412i Photoacoustic Gas Monitor LumaSense Technologies A/S Page 134 of 202
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ 12.1 About the Installed Optical Filters In collaboration with LumaSense Sales Engineers, you have chosen the optical filters that are best suited to your measuring task. Each of these optical filters has been installed in one of the positions marked “A”, “B”, “C”, “D” or “E” of the filter carousel wheel in your Monitor. A special optical filter, which is selective to water vapour, is always installed in position “W”.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ 12.2 What is Calibration and Why is it Necessary? In order to understand calibration, it is necessary to look at what happens inside the analysis cell during a gas concentration measurement. A sample of air is drawn into the cell. The cell is then sealed off and light is sent from the infra-red source via a chopper (to pulsate it) through an optical filter.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ As it is the optical filter, which determines the wavelength of light, cell noise will depend upon the optical filter being used. The cell-noise signal is measured during the Zero-point Calibration of each filter. A supply of dry, zero gas is attached to the air-inlet of the Monitor and the signal in the cell is measured with each installed optical filter (“A” to “E”).
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ Monitor. The signal in the cell is measured with the water vapour filter and with all the other installed optical filters. The water vapour in the cell absorbs light from the water-vapour filter and from the other installed filters, producing signals which are related to water-vapour’s relative absorption of the light at the wavelengths transmitted by the different optical filters (see Fig.12.2).
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ Presence of Other Interferents In many measurement situations water vapour is not likely to be the only interferent present. Suppose that you have installed an optical filter “A” to measure a gas (A), but another gas (B) is normally found in the ambient air you are monitoring. If gas B absorbs some light from filter “A”, it will “interfere” with the signal produced by gas A’s absorption of this light.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ Stand-alone Use With the monitor connected to a printer (details are given in Chapter 10): Press PRINT and then S3. To stop printing, press PRINT again. 12.3.2 Checking the Calibration of Each Installed Optical Filter A print-out of the calibration data in the Monitor’s memory is useful to have for reference.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ of the installed optical filter is the same as the UA number appearing on the “Calibration Chart” for the optical filter in position “A”. b. c. d. e.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ 2. Under the heading GENERAL INFORMATION FOR WATER FILTER – ACTIVE CALIBRATION DATA : check the following information: a. Zero-point Calibration performed: if a date appears here this is the last time the water-vapour filter was zero-point calibrated. b. Concentration offset factor: if a number appears here this means that the water-vapour filter has been zero-point calibrated. c.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ Fig.12.4 12.3.3 Part of a calibration data print-out Checking and Changing Optical Filter Parameters Before starting calibration it is always wise to check that information about the installed optical filters has been “entered” correctly in the active set-up of the Monitor.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ CHECK AND / OR CHANGE SET-UP FOR FILTER A NO YES 2. Press S3 and the following text appears on the screen display: SELECT UA NUMBER FOR FILTER A 0984 PRESS ENTER TO CHANGE VALUE The UA number of the filter installed in position “A” should have already been checked (see section 12.3.2). WARNING! If this number is changed all calibration data for this filter – in all 5 filter banks – will be deleted (i.e.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ The following text appears on the screen: GAS A IS “_ PRESS ENTER TO CHANGE VALUE “ 7. Press ↵ and use the direction push-buttons to enter the desired name. 8. Press ↵ to “accept” the name you have “entered” on the display screen. The following text then appears: MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF GAS A 1.000 PRESS ENTER TO CHANGE VALUE 9.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ All the parameters for Filter A are now set, and the display moves on to filters B, C, D and E. Repeat steps 2 to 15, excluding step 3. 16. All the parameters for Filter W are fixed except for the Sample Integration Time and the two high Alarm limits. 17. Press ↵ and use p and q to display the desired Sample Integration Time. 18. Repeat step 13 and 14 to enter the desired alarm levels. 19.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ 12.4 The Basic Calibration Set-up The general equipment required to perform the calibration is shown in Fig.12.5. Three different lengths of teflon tubing are connected to a “Y”-piece.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ • It allows you to have a visually check that there is a net flow of gas out of the Teflon tube attached to it during the whole calibration procedure. The “flow ball” can be seen to be bouncing on the upward flow of air out of the meter. If the pressure of the gas from the cylinder is too low at any time then the “flow ball” will just remain seated at the bottom of its tube.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ water bath is linked up to an extra “empty” flask. This is to prevent a situation where the level of water in the controlled water-bath rises and covers the outlet tube “A” and draws water, via the “Y”-piece, directly into the Monitor’s analysis cell. Water will seriously damage the cell.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ 12.5 General Settings – Stand-alone Use Before a practical calibration task can be started, the monitor has to be informed about the kind of calibration task you wish it to perform. This is done using the push-buttons on the front panel of the Monitor. The Calibration Task Set-Up Tree is illustrated in Fig.12.8. It should be used to help you follow the path through the different levels of the calibration set-up.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ 12.5.1 Retaining Existing Calibration Factors When zero-point, humidity-interference and cross-interference calibrations are performed, all the installed filters are calibrated. In some case, you may wish to keep the calibration factors already present in your monitor. If this is the case, use the following instructions. Fig.12.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ Before setting-up a calibration task, make sure that the filter banks you make active for the filters which have already been calibrated only contain calibration factors which need to be up-dated. In this way you can prevent your original calibration factors being overwritten by the new ones. To illustrate this, imagine that filters “A”, “B”, “C” and “D” are installed in your Monitor and have been calibrated.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ Fig.12.10 Illustration of the calibration data stored in the filter banks of filters “A” to “E” after a zero-point calibration task 12.6 Zero-point Calibration To calculate the concentration offset factor for a filter (during a zero-point calibration) it is necessary to have a humidity gain factor for the filter, and vice versa.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ 12.6.1 Setting-up a Zero-point Calibration – Stand-alone Use Fig.12.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ Use the Set-up Tree in Fig.12.11 to help you navigate through the different screen displays. Note: before starting a calibration, S.I.T (see section 12.3.3) and Flushing Type (see section 7.2) need to be set so that they are the same as those values used when monitoring. 1. For each installed filter, enter the no.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ RESULTS NOT YET AVAILABLE PLEASE WAIT Once the first measurement result is available the screen text illustrated above is replaced by a screen displaying the measurement results – for example the following: W: µ : 11.3µV σ --- V 1 38.6°C PRESS ENTER WHEN RESULTS ARE STABLE As soon as measurement results are available they not only appear on the display (see Fig.12.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ have been completed the number (n) will also show 6 because the results of the first and second measurements have been overwritten by the 7th and 8th measurement results …and so on. 2. Let the Monitor continue measuring the zero gas until the temperature in the cell is stable. Look at the print-out of the average and standard deviation measurements for (1) the watervapour and (2) all the other filters.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ If it is only a newly-installed optical filter which needs to be humidity-interference calibrated, then the same procedure used for a zero-point calibration of an individual filter must be used, see section 12.5.1. In this way you can protect your original humidity gain factors. 12.7.1 Setting-up a Humidity-interference Calibration Task Fig.12.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ To calculate the humidity gain factor for a filter (during a humidity-interference calibration) it is necessary to have a concentration offset factor for the filter, and vice versa. Note: If a concentration offset factor is not stored in each of the filter banks which are active during a zero-point calibration, then it is necessary to perform a combined zero-point and humidityinterference calibration task.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ Caution: the inner end of the empty-flask’s outlet tube “B” must NEVER be covered by water. b. Gently open the pressure-valve on the zero-gas cylinder. c. Press ↵ . d. Use the pressure-valve on the zero-gas cylinder to regulate the flow of gas so that when the Monitor’s pump is running there is a positive flow of gas out of the flow meter. This will ensure that the wet, zero gas is not contaminated by atmospheric air.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ results of the first and second measurements have been overwritten by the 7th and 8th measurement results …and so on. 3. Let the Monitor continue measuring the clean, wet air until the temperature in the cell is stable. Look at the print-out of the average and standard deviation measurements for (1) the watervapour and (2) all the other filters.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ interference calibration cannot be performed alone! It has to be performed together with the span calibration of each of the installed optical filters. Cross-interference calibration is not selective, that is, if you select to perform a cross-interference calibration, then each time a gas is supplied to the Monitor during a span calibration, the signal in the cell is measured using each installed optical filter.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ Fig.12.14 Curve showing a linear span-calibration curve Choosing a filter bank If a filter (e.g. “A”) has already been calibrated to measure a gas (e.g. A1) and you wish to calibrate with gas A1 again, then select the filter bank containing the gas conversion factor for gas A1. Online users can do this when downloading the calibration factors.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ Gas to be Used During Span Calibration The gas you need to use during span calibration must be the gas you wish to measure with the filter. Type of Span Calibration – Single-point or Two-point? Fig.12.15a Graph showing a non- linear span-calibration curve which can be plotted using the signals measured during a two-point span calibration task Fig.12.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ The question about whether to perform a single- or a two-point span calibration is difficult to answer, as it is dependent on how linear the relationship is between a gas’s concentration and the signal it produces in the cell (see Fig.12.14, Fig.12.15a and Fig.12.15b). However, we can give you some guidelines on whether you have to perform a single- or a two-point span-calibration.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ If the desired measurement range is mainly within the linear range then the low concentration should be between 1000 and 10 000 times the detection limit. If the desired measurement range is mainly above the linear range then the low concentration should be more than 10 000 times the detection limit. • The High Concentration should be 75% to 100% of the highest concentration you expect to measure, but no higher than this.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ 12.9.1 Setting-up a Span Calibration – Stand-alone Use Fig.12.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ Fig.12.17 Schematic diagram showing how to set-up a combined cross-interference and span calibration task (follow the arrows) If the span gas used during a span calibration task absorbs any of the light from the other installed optical filters, then it is advisable to select to perform a cross-interference calibration.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ calibrated, but is also measured with all the other installed optical filters. Note that cross-interference calibration cannot be performed alone, it has to be performed together with span calibration. 1. For each filter being span calibrated, enter the No. of the filter bank where you wish the Monitor to store the conversion factors which will be calculated during the span calibration task. 2.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ 1. a. Connect the free-end of the Teflon tubing mentioned in step 3 to the pressure valve on a cylinder of calibration gas. b. Press ↵ . c. Gently open the pressure-valve on the regulate the flow of gas so that when the running there is a positive flow of gas out This will ensure that the calibration gas atmospheric air. gas cylinder and Monitor’s pump is of the flow meter.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ 2. Let the Monitor continue measuring the span gas A until the temperature is stable. Look at the print-put of the average and standard deviation measurements for (1) the water-vapour and (2) the filter “A”. When these values have stabilised for both filters, span calibration measurements do not need to continue. 3. Press ↵ . This causes the following text to appear on the screen: A : µ : 123.8 μV σ : 617 nV 6 40.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ be cut in half and a tubing should be connected between the two cutends of the teflon tubing using the tube fittings supplied for the purpose (Fig.12.18). Fig.12.18 Diagram showing how to use Nafion tubing when span calibrating with one of the following optical filters: UA0983, UA0984 or UA0985 12.10 Calibration of the Water-vapour Filter – Standalone Use The water-vapour filter has two different functions.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ 12.10.1 Setting-up a Zero-point Calibration of the Watervapour Filter If you wish to zero-point calibrate the water-vapour filter you must zero-point calibrate all the other installed optical filters. The concentration offset factors calculated during zero-point calibration of the filter “A” to “E” will be stored in the filter banks, (those active during calibration).
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ Fig.12.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ 12.10.2 Performing a Zero-point Calibration of the Watervapour Filter As explained in the previous section, a zero-point calibration of the water-vapour filter has to be done together with the zero-point calibration of the other installed optical filters. The latter task has been fully described in section 12.6.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ water-vapour filter must be stored in the Monitor’s calibration data block. During span calibration of the water-vapour filter it is necessary to attach a supply of zero-gas containing a known concentration of water vapour to the Monitor. As explained in the Humidityinterference Calibration (Section 12.7.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ Fig.12.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ 12.10.4 Performing a Span Calibration of the Water-vapour Filter Section 12.4.1 describes a good method of producing water-vapour of known concentration. The directions for performing a span calibration of water-vapour filter are similar to those for performing a humidity-interference calibration of the other installed filters is as described in section 12.7.2.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ The procedure for setting-up a combined zero-point and humidityinterference calibration task is as follows: Fig.12.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ 1. Press Measure displayed: S3 S3 S1 then the following text will be PERFORM ZERO-POINT CALIBRATION ? NO YES 2. Follow the set-up of a combined zero-point and humidityinterference calibration by following the black arrows in the schematic diagram shown in Fig.12.21. The following text will appear: ZERO-POINT CALIB. CONNECT CLEAN, DRY AIR AND PRESS ENTER WHEN READY 3. Refer to section 12.6.
Chapter 12 ______________________________________________________________________ shown on the screen further information about the condition of the Monitor can be obtained by pressing INFO. Chapter 14 lists all the error messages connected with uncertain calibration results and gives an explanation of their significance so that the user can ascertain what action to take if such messages are displayed after calibration.
Chapter 13 ______________________________________________________________________ Chapter 13 Installing the Optical Filters July 2014 _____________________________________________________________________________ BE6025-15 1412i Photoacoustic Gas Monitor LumaSense Technologies A/S Page 182 of 202
Chapter 13 ______________________________________________________________________ 13.1 Introduction Each of the optical filters available for use with the Monitor, has a “UA” number printed on them. The “UA” numbers run from UA 0968 – UA 0989 and UA 0936. The Monitor has a carousel wheel on which relevant optical filters are mounted. There are six mounting holes in the carousel. Each mounting hole is labelled with one of the following letters: “A”, “B”, “C”, “D”, “E” and “W” (see Fig.13.1).
Chapter 13 ______________________________________________________________________ Blank plates may only be removed from the carousel if they are replaced by a chosen optical filter. Each blank plate is held in position on the wheel by three lugs (see Fig.13.1). The blank plate can be taken out of the mounting hole by bending the metal lugs towards the centre of the plate using your fingernail.
Chapter 13 ______________________________________________________________________ 3. Remove the pulley: 4. Take out the Filter Wheel: 5. Using clean gloves lift the chosen optical filter out of its box by holding its edge between the thumb and forefinger.
Chapter 13 ______________________________________________________________________ 6. Insert the Optical Filters and fit the locking spring. Check that the locking spring is fitted correctly around the groove of the optical filter. 7. Reinsert the Filter Wheel with the mark “Face IR-Source” towards the IR-source. 8. Note the UA number of each optical filter and its position in the filter carousel (for example, UA 0983 in position “B”, UA 0988 in position “D” and so on). 9.
Chapter 14 ______________________________________________________________________ Chapter 14 Messages Related to Calibration July 2014 _____________________________________________________________________________ BE6025-15 1412i Photoacoustic Gas Monitor LumaSense Technologies A/S Page 187 of 202
Chapter 14 ______________________________________________________________________ All the possible error messages connected with calibration results are discussed in this chapter. Messages fall into three calibration categories: (1) successful; (2) uncertain and (3) invalid. An explanation is given of each message and its significance so that the user can ascertain what action to take if such messages are displayed after calibration. 14.
Chapter 14 ______________________________________________________________________ 14.3 “Invalid” Calibration Messages The messages listed below indicate: (1) that the calibration factor calculated during the calibration task you have just performed is not valid and therefore has not been stored in any filter bank; and (2) that the calibration task must therefore be repeated. ZERO-POINT CALIBRATION INVALID* HUM. INTERFERENCE CALIBRATION INVALID* ZERO-POINT/HUM. INTERF. CALIB.
Chapter 14 ______________________________________________________________________ WET MEAS. < DRY MEAS. FOR WATER FILTER and HUMIDITY INTERFERENCE FACTOR < 0 Both these messages are associated with a combined zero-point and humidity-interference calibration task. WET MEAS. < DRY MEAS.
Chapter 14 ______________________________________________________________________ Fig.14.1 Curve illustrating the two points measured during a twopoint span calibration task GAS X: LOW MEAS. > HIGH MEAS. This message indicates that the signal measured in the cell when the gas concentration was low is found to be greater than the signal when the gas concentration was high.
Chapter 14 ______________________________________________________________________ When the two signals have been measured, the Monitor then finds the value δ = 1% of Vh and finds out the relationship between the measured values: If there is a perfectly linear relationship between the points Clow, Vlow and Chigh, Vhigh then: Vlin = ( Ch / Cl ) * Vl GAS X: MEAS. INDICATES LINEAR COHERENCE This message will be given in the status display if Vl lies between the values Vlin – δ and Vlin + δ.
Chapter 14 ______________________________________________________________________ relationship between the gas signal in the cell and the concentration of the gas (in which case only a single-point span calibration is required). SPAN CALIBRATION IMPOSSIBLE This message is associated with the span calibration of the watervapour filter. The above message indicates that the Monitor cannot calculate the gas conversion factor.
Chapter 14 ______________________________________________________________________ SIGNIFICANT CHANGE IN CALIB. FACTORS This message is associated with the span calibration of one (or more) of the filters. The above message indicates that the Conversion factor calculated during span calibration of a particular filter deviates more than 15% from the Conversion factor calculated during the last span calibration of this filter.
Chapter 14 ______________________________________________________________________ The above message indicates that the signal measured during span calibration, when the low concentration of span gas is in the cell, is less than 3µV. This means that the “low” concentration of span gas is too low.
Chapter 15 ____________________________________________________________________ Chapter 15 Warning and Error Messages July 2014 _____________________________________________________________________________ BE6025-15 1412i Photoacoustic Gas Monitor LumaSense Technologies A/S Page 196 of 202
Chapter 15 ____________________________________________________________________ When the Monitor is switched on, and while it is being operated, the Monitor regularly performs a series of self-tests, which check that the various mechanical, electrical and electronic components of the Monitor are functioning correctly. These self-tests are described in more detail in Chapter 5. You can select to disable the regular selftests if desired (see section 5.4.3).
Chapter 15 ____________________________________________________________________ Warning and Error Messages The following table gives most of the error and warning messages contained in the test Hierarchy of the Monitor. There is a description of each fault as well as the possible cause of each fault. The user must evaluate the significance of each message.
Chapter 15 ____________________________________________________________________ CLOCK SET TO DEFAULT ERROR DETECTED IN CLOCK SETTINGS FACTORS SET TO DEFAULT ERROR DETECTED IN CALIBRATION FACTORS MEMORY SET TO DEFAULT ERROR DETECTED IN BACKGROUND MEMORY MEMORY SET TO DEFAULT ERROR DETECTED IN DISPLAY MEMORY MEMORY SET TO DEFAULT ERROR DETECTED IN INTERNAL MEMORY MEMORY SET TO DEFAULT ERROR DETECTED IN SOURCE MEMORY PARAMETERS SET TO DEFAULT ERROR DETECTED IN CONFIG:/FORMAT PARAMETER PARAMETERS SET TO
Chapter 15 ____________________________________________________________________ X-ON/X-OFF HANDSHAKE CONFLICT The Monitor receives the handshake signal from the RS232 CTS ( clear to send) line, but it has not been set-up to use this CTS line TIMEOUT. DEVICE NOT CONNECTED Monitor wishes to send data (data-log or error-log) via the IEEE interface, but there is no response from the device with the address entered in the Monitor set-up TIMEOUT.
Chapter 15 ____________________________________________________________________ Error Messages AIR SHUNT BLOCKED. SAMPLE ABORTED CHOPPER FAILED INTERNAL TEMPERATURE OUT OF RANGE IR-SOURCE TEMPERATURE OUT OF RANGE MICROPHONE TEST FAILED PUMP TEST FAILED MODULE STATUS ERROR DETECTED Description of Fault Possible Cause The pressure of air in the analysis cell is too high. The microphones risk being damaged by exposed to such pressure. The air shunt valve is either defective or blocked.
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