E1 Spread Spectrum Radios Random noise was first regarded as an element that damages the quality and quantity of communicative signals in communication technology. The random noise in signal channels often distorts the simulated signal produced or bit error to appear upon the demodulation of digital signals. At the same time, it is also one of the elements that limit the channel capacity. Consequently, human’s early attempt was to remove or lessen all the pseudo noise in the communication system.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios C5. Count-Add: Display all the current accumulated bit error on starting the BER transmission test. Figure 5-38 Count-Add:n C6. P-Acc-T: nS Display all accumulated BER time. Figure 5-39 P-Acc-T:nS C7. IF-Loop: En/Dis Perform IF Loopback at the IF interface for the convenience of testing the IDU’s stability. Press OK. Use the Right/Left button for selecting either En/Dis (En: Enable/Dis: Disable). Press OK button again to execute the function.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios In IF Loopback, I appears at the right bottom of the LCD. TEST led gives an orange glow. Figure 5-41 IF-Loop:En/Dis (2) C8. RF-Loop: En/Dis In RF Loopback, H appears at the right bottom of the LCD. The local’s and remote’s TEST led gives an orange glows. When the local end is executing RF Loopback, the remote end’s connection will be broken. ALM led gives a red warning alarm. Figure 5-42 RF-Loop:En/Dis C9. Close-Test Press “OK” to close all tests.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios 5.2.4 Remote Info Figure 5-44 Remote Info D1. Remote ID: n Display the address of remote equipment; n=1~255. It is possible to check the remote end’s current ID address. Figure 5-45 Remote ID:n D2. Far-End: OK/Alarm/Loss/Test Display the link status of the remote end equipments. It is used as a function of signal monitor for the determination of its source.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios Figure 5-46 Far-End:OK/Alarm/Loss/Test D3. R-Status: Test/Normal Display the system current working status. It is possible to check the base station at the remote end as well as the status of any online test. Test: remote end in test mode. Normal: normal working condition. Figure 5-47 R-Status:Test/Normal D4. R-AUX2: ASY-CH/SYN-CH Display remote AUX2 working status.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios 5.2.5 Config Info Figure 5-49 Config Info E1. MODEM: ON/OFF Display the status of external modem at the local end. “ON” implies external modem is connected. “OFF” implies external modem is not connected. Figure 5-50 MODEM:ON/OFF E2. SYS-ConfΚ1+1/1+0 Display the IDU system redundant status. 1+1 implies system with redundant. 1+0 implies system without redundant.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios E3. TXΚActive/Standby Display the transmitter Tx status. Under 1+0 condition, Tx is Active. Under 1+1 condition, Tx is either Active or Standby. Figure 5-52 Tx:Active/Standby E4. RXΚActive/Standby Display the transmitter Rx status. Under 1+0 condition, Tx is Active. Under 1+1 condition, Tx is either Active or Standby. Figure 5-53 Rx:Active/Standby E5. Power: -36 ~ -72V Display the power supply.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios E6. Date: Year/Month/Day Display system current date. Figure 5-55 Date:Year/Month/Day E7. Time: Hour/Min/Sec Display system current time.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios 6 Environmental Condition 6.1 Cable IF Cable: RG-6 100m; RG-8 200m RF Cable: Insertion Loss 1dB 6.2 Operating Temperature Range IDU: -5к ~ +55к ODU: -30к ~ +60к 6.3 DC Input Voltage DC Input Voltage: -36 ~ -72VDC 6.4 Power Consumption Power Consumption: <45W 6.5 Humidity Relative humidity as follows: IDU: 10и a 95и, non-condensed. ODU: 0и a 100и ODU equipment is water-resistant.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios 7 Software Installation a) Open the CD-ROM folder containing the monitor software. The following window appears: Figure 7-1 Software Installation (1) b) Open the Arbeit v1.xx. Click twice to execute the setup.exe file. Figure 7-2 Software Installation (2) c) Click Next to start installation.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios Figure 7-3 Software Installation (3) d) Install the software to any desired folder by clicking on Browse. Click Next to continue. Figure 7-4 Software Installation (4) f) Enter the name of the Program Folders. Click Next to continue.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios Figure 7-5 Software Installation (5) g) Click Next to begin copying files.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios 8 Arbeit NMS Software 8.1 Open Arbeit NMS There are two ways to open the program Arbeit: 1. Click on Start Æ Program Æ Arbeit 2. Open File Manager Æ Program Files Æ Arbeit Æ Arbeit.exe Figure 8-1 Open Arbeit 8.2 Login After executing the program Arbeit, click the menu bar Monitor Æ select Login.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios In the Login window, please enter User name and Password.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios Figure 8-4: Initialize 8.3.1 IDU Setting While setting the below functions, first modify the parameters in the setting window, then press Send Setting to save it in the Status. It is also saved in the IDU. The setting will now be shown on the window Status. Press Check to check any settings made. It will read all the data from the IDU. Exit the window if there are no error settings.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios Check: Check all the IDU setting data. Exit: Exit the initialization mode. 8.3.2 Link Setting Figure 8-6 Link Setting Link ID: In order to prevent wrong connection if similar equipment is kept close by in the same environment, it is strongly advised to enter a differentiating Link ID. Figure 8-7 Link A.T.P.C: Automatic transmitting power control, retain. Expected RSL: Automatic transmitting power control parameters, retain.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios BER Alarm Threshold: BER alarm setting: E-5ΕE-4ΕE-3 etc. RSL Alarm Threshold: Receiving power alarm setting. 8.3.3 ODU Setting Figure 8-8: ODU Setting Channel No: Set the ODU’s frequency range. 4E1 has four frequency channels to use. Please refer to Appendix 4 for further details. Tx. Level: IDU transmitting power setting (preset = 22dBm). SSPA: Switch ON/OFF the ODU power amplifier (PA On/Off). Check: Check all the IDU setting data.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios 8.3.4 Alarm Setting Figure 8-9: Alarm Setting When the IDU goes into a critical state, the alarm will start beeping. However, in some cases like if the administrator considers the Link ID unimportant, s/he may tick masked and turns off all the alarm functions. Link ID fault alarm: Local equipment receives the wrong Link ID. BER alarm: BER alarm. ODU Tx_POW alarm: ODU output power alarm. Tributary n alarm (n=1~4): IDU cannot find the tributary signal.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios 8.3.5 Cross Connecting Figure 8-10: Cross Connecting (1) With the need of adjusting the controlling room channel, the local and remote end E1 Interface have certain asymmetric variation. The system administrator need not have to manually switch the lines. The following diagram shows the 4E1 equipment cross connection between local end, IDU A, and remote end, IDU B. Send Setting: Modified data are written into the IDU. Check: Check all the IDU setting data.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios Figure 8-11: Cross Connecting (2) Fig. A Normal connection mode Fig. B Local and remote port1 & port2 in cross connection mode and port3 & port4 in normal connection mode Fig. C Local port1 connected to remote port1 & port2. Local and remote port3 & port4 in normal connection mode Fig.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios 8.3.6 User I/O Setting Figure 8-12: User I/O Setting Besides the standard E1 interface, there are the environment detection and control port. This allows the users to fully control the controlling room from the local end. For example: If there is no manual control over the remote end, it is possible to have all the temperature, alarm, power supply etc. data from the central controlling computer.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios 8.4 Superuser Login the link route setting mode as User Name: superuser; Password: superuser. In the Main Window, select Superuser Æ Network Setting. Another initialization window will appear with five different working mode: ChangeΕDeleteΕAdd.ΕCloseΕOK. We shall explain the different mode in the coming section. Figure 8-13: Superuser Add. First select Add. to add new station.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios Figure 8-15: Station Setup (2) Station Setup Example: 1. Enter “aa” in Name and “1” in Address. Select Terminal Station to complete the newly added station’s data. ϡ Note: Station Name must not exceed 30 characters or numbers. 2. Press Add. to enter the second data. Enter “bb” in Name and “2” in Address. Select Terminal Station again. Every station has its own address after Initialize setting. First, select Add., and then choose the corresponding Address.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios Figure 8-16: Station Setup (3) The stations position in the above diagram is a random result. Point the mouse on the station, right click and move it without releasing by placing it to any desired position. Under normal connection, the station icon will display its working status.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios Temperature Alarm Threshold: Figure 8-18: Temperature Alarm Threshold Set the IDU & ODU alarm temperature range. Enter the desired parameters in the upper and lower IDU & ODU temperature alarm threshold blanks. When the temperature is higher than or lower than this threshold, the system alarm will start beeping. The system has its own Operating Temperature threshold as well.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios Base station acts as Terminal Station. The stations are in a PTP, point-to-point connection. Base station acts as Center Station. When there are more than two equipments in the base station, please select this type of mode. Then only we can use the IDU Net port function. Using Arbeit, it is possible to see all the equipment’s link in the station by concatenating all the monitoring information of the station. Each base station can have NOT more than ten Center Station.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios 8.5 System Setting In the Main Window, select System Management Æ System Setting. Another initialization window will appear with three different working mode: Background SettingΕCOM Port SettingΕRecord Saving Time. We shall explain the different mode in the coming section. Figure 8-20: System Setting 8.5.1 Background Setting Figure 8-21: Background Setting (1) In System Setting, we use the Background Setting tab to edit the router map.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios easy modification. In the following diagram, for example, we open the 03.jpg file, it will show the following: Figure 8-22: Background Setting (2) After opening the 03.jpg file, we can see a preview of the picture file in the browse section. Press Accept to use the picture file as the background setting. Press Clear button to remove the background setting.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios Figure 8-24: Background Setting Complete 8.5.2 COM port Setting Figure 8-25: COM port Setting In COM port Setting tab, you can select a COM port as the communication port of NMS. Press Accept after selection.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios 8.5.3 Record Saving Time Figure 8-26: Record Saving Time Select the saving time of all the records: one, two, five or forever years. Press Accept after selection. 8.6 User Setting In the Main Window, select System Management Æ User Setup.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios Figure 8-27: User Setting ϡ Note: The higher the grade (with different login account), the more the function is allowed. Superuser is the highest grade.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios Figure 8-29: Change Superuser Login Setting (1) A new dialog box appears to confirm the new password. Press Accept to write the data.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios 8.7 System Test In the Main Window, select System Management Æ System Test. The System Test window has the following functions: Local LoopbackΕIF LoopbackΕRF LoopbackΕRemote LoopbackΕPRBS Test. ϡ Note: Check all online status while performing any of the loopback functions. Be careful to check if there is any broken link.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios Figure 8-32: System Test (2) 8.7.1 Local Loopback Under Local Loopback, it is easier to detect any malfunction at the E1 interface. E1 testing equipment is required while detecting because on the execution of this function the testing signal cannot enter MOD, so it is not possible to use PRBS to detect. This function setting is also done through the NMS or the LCD display button. Figure 8-33: Local Loopback In the System Test window, tick the Setting column for Tributary 1.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios Figure 8-34: Local Loopback Setting 8.7.2 IF Loopback Under IF Loopback, a self-detection test on any IDU components malfunction is carried out. This function setting is done through the LCD display button. Figure 8-35: IF Loopback This function is performed only through the IDU’s LCD panel.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios Figure 8-36: IF Loopback Setting 8.7.3 RF Loopback Under RF Loopback, a self-detection test on the working conditions of both the IDU and ODU is carried out. This function setting is done through the LCD display button. Figure 8-37: RF Loopback This function is performed only through the IDU’s LCD panel.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios Figure 8-38: RF Loopback Setting 8.7.4 Remote Loopback Under Remote Loopback, a self-detection test on the complete loopback from local to remote is carried out. This function setting is done through the NMS or the LCD display button. Figure 8-39: Remote Loopback In the System Test window, tick the Setting column for Tributary 1. Press Accept Setting. The IDU’s first E1 interface is now performing the Remote Loopback test. There can be multiple selections for the test.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios Figure 8-40: Remote Loopback Setting 8.7.5 PRBS Test Under normal working condition, other than the normal BER test, the PRBS function can be used as well to test the individual link accumulated BER and stability of the system. While detecting, it is required to start the PRBS function. This function setting is done through the NMS or the LCD display button. Figure 8-41: PRBS Test In the System Test window, enter “1” for PRBS Generator. Press Enable.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios Figure 8-42: PRBS Test Setting 8.8 System Record In the Main Window, select System Record. Another initialization window will appear with two different working mode: Alarm RecordΕLogin Record and Report Export. We shall explain the different mode in the coming section. 8.8.1 Alarm Record In the Main Window, select System Record Æ Alarm Record.
E1 Spread Spectrum Radios Figure 8-43: Alarm Record (1) The following window appears: All the alarm record in the network will be recorded here. The levels of alarm are classified into 3 levels: Critical Grade, Major Grade, and Minor Grade. The following states the detail items in every level: Critical Grade:ODU M/C,Cable,Mod,Demod,Link ID,Mux,PLL-Tx,PLL-Rx and SSPA. Major Grade:T# LOS ֗ T# AIS. Minor Grade:DSC,Far end,PA-I,-5V and Tx-POW.