Hardware Integrator's Guide CreataLink™ 2 XT ReFLEX 25 and 50 Technologies
91B CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide 1Foreword Foreword 1Foreword Foreword Foreword Customer Information The information in this manual has been reviewed for accuracy. However, no responsibility is assumed for inaccuracies. SmartSynch, Inc., reserves the right to make changes to any products discussed herein. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. SmartSynch, Inc.
Foreword CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Important Safety Information Important Safety Information The installation, maintenance, and/or operation of this equipment could present potentially unsafe conditions, including, but not limited to, electrical shock, improper voltage to components. Improper operation could cause personal injury, death or damage to property. Read Instructions Read all safety instructions before you operate the Data Transceiver or maintenance equipment.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Foreword Important Safety Information Damage Requiring Service Do not attempt to perform service functions that are not described in the operating instructions. Refer all such servicing to qualified service personnel. Motorola, Inc. is not responsible for static damage to equipment not sold under the Motorola logo. FCC Compliance Statement This product generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency (RF).
Foreword CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Important Safety Information 1-4 July 23, 2002
GENERAL
1B CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide 2General General Contents Contents About this Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Contents 2-ii June 18, 2002
2General CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide General About this Document About this Document This document summarizes the product features and describes how to install and integrate the CreataLink2 XT data transceiver into an off-board application. If you are developing an on-board/embedded application, use the Software Integrator’s Guide listed in the Related Publications Section in conjunction with this manual.
General CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Related Publications Related Publications The following documents provide additional information to integrators and application developers: • Communication Linking Protocol Reference Manual, publication 6881033B20 • CreataLink2® XT R50 Programming Software Guide - Integrators, publication 6881033B45 • CreataLink2® XT R25 Programming Software Guide, publication 6881036B30 • Software Integrator’s Guide, publication 6881033B65 2-2 July 23, 2002
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide General Product Description Product Description The CreataLink2 XT device is a two-way data transceiver that supports the ReFLEX protocol. The CreataLink2 XT device can initiate transmissions into a ReFLEX Narrow Band Personal Communications System (NBPCS) network, receive and decode data, and store it.
General CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Product Description Architecture The data transceiver’s software architecture is based upon the FLEX Kernel realtime operating system. With the addition of ReFLEX stack software, a message manager, and the CLP default application, it provides a third-party embedded messaging Application Programmer Interface (API).
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide General Features Features The CreataLink2 XT device incorporates the following features. • Compact package with four mounting holes • External SMA female coaxial connector • Configurable battery-save mode for reduced average power consumption • Selectable transmit power at antenna connector • • • • • NUF3902: 0.5W, 0.75W, 1.0W, 1.5W and 2.0W NUF8006: 0.25W, 0.5W, 1.0W, 1.5W, and 2.
General CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Specifications Specifications Table 2-1. General Specifications Item Specification Specification Board Kit Number NUF3902 NUF8006 Coding format ReFLEX 50 ReFLEX 25 Serial Protocol CLP or third-party application CLP or third-party application Operating temperature -40oC to +85oC -40oC to +85oC Interface 22-pin vertical shrouded header for combined power supply, serial, and parallel I/O interface.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide General Specifications Table 2-1. General Specifications (Continued) Item Specification Specification Receive data bit rate 6400 bps 1600 and 3200 bps using 2-level FSK 3200 and 6400 bps using 4-level FSK Modulation 4-level FSK 2-level and 4-level FSK Channel Spacing 50 kHz 25 kHz HVIO-0 – HVIO-5 (configured as outputs) 12 Vdc maximum pullup voltage. 25 mA maximum sink current (@12 Vdc pullup) 16 Vdc maximum pullup voltage.
General CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Specifications Power Requirements To conserve power, the FLEX protocol for two-way paging provides low power modes of operation. In receive mode, all logic and receive circuits are powered while waiting to receive a message. In standby mode, all circuits are in a low power state for power economy. In transmit mode, all logic circuits and the power amplifier are active and consume large amounts of current for short durations. Table 2-3.
General CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Specifications 6 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 5 4 3 2 1 0 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 000159 Figure 2-3. NUF8006: Average Sleep Current versus Supply Voltage 80 70 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 000121 Figure 2-4.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide General Specifications 1.2 SUPPLY CURRENT (A) 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 000122 Figure 2-5.
General CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Specifications Connectors Description The CreataLink2 XT device features the following connectors: External Antenna Connector The external antenna connector is a succoplate, tin-dipped, SMA female connector. It provides a 50-ohm connection to the CreataLink2 XT board. Power/Serial/Parallel I/O The 22-pin connector provides electrical power, serial, and parallel I/O capability for the CreataLink2 XT device. Connectors are rated at 2A per contact.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide General Specifications Table 2-4.
General CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Specifications JTAG Communication Port Table 2-5 shows the 8-pin vertical header connector signals. Table 2-5.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide General Specifications External Antenna Kit The external antenna kit includes a low profile antenna and coaxial cable with connector (see Table 2-6). See Section 6, "Parts Information" and the inside of the back cover for part numbers and ordering information. Table 2-6. External Antenna Specifications Property Description Type Low profile with radome Transmit frequency 896-902 MHz Receive frequency 929-941 MHz Impedance 50 ohms nominal VSWR 1.
General CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Specifications Software Development Configuration The CreataLink2 XT data transceiver is connected to an interface board, which can be connected to a PC, another device or an embedded ICE or JEENI box (see Figure 2-6, bottom). Main supply power, alternate power for transmitter/backup battery supply, I/O, A/D, and serial interface connection to CreataLink2 XT.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide General Air Interface Air Interface Data transport between the host application and the network requires data exchange protocols. In the radio portion of the network, between the data transceiver and the base station, specialized RF protocols carry the data. These radio protocols are typically transparent in wireless applications. The FLEXsuite of application protocols must be used to transport data between applications on either side of network.
General CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Air Interface ReFLEX Network Operation All two-way messaging networks that support two-way data communications with CreataLink2 XT device use the ReFLEX protocol. The network can be viewed as two separate one-way networks. For messages directed to the data transceiver, the network controller routes the messages to one of many high power transmitter sites.
General CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Product Functionality Product Functionality The data transceiver relies on system software for basic operational instructions, and on configuration parameter values to meet data transceiver and network interface requirements. Operating System The data transceiver operating system is based on the FLEX Kernel operating system. It can be reloaded or upgraded by the service center.
General CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Product Functionality searching for a valid ReFLEX frame and low current mode until it detects a valid ReFLEX frame. If the data transceiver detects a valid ReFLEX frame and has become synchronized, but does not detect its address, the unit stays on the channel. It continuously decodes frame data and waits for its address(es).
General CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Product Functionality Message Storage and Lengths Messages are stored in approximately 32 kbytes of RAM. Message downlink length is a maximum of 1 kbyte, and uplink length is a maximum of to 2 kbytes. Consult your carrier to determine message lengths supported on the network (see "Handling Large Messages", in Section 2 - Getting Started, in the Software Integrator’s Guide).
General CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Product Functionality Acknowledgment of Received Messages System Acknowledge The data transceiver transmits an Acknowledge Transmission signal (ACK) to acknowledge automatically the receipt of a message. The data transceiver also transmits a Negative Acknowledge Transmission signal (NAK) when messages are not received correctly. If the data transceiver transmits a NAK, the system resends the message.
General CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Product Functionality ➧ For user-configured items, see Programming Software Guide-Integrators, listed in "Related Publications." End-User Application Software To develop your own embedded application refer to the Software Integrator’s Guide listed in "Related Publications." Serial Interface External host devices communicate with the data transceiver across the serial interface via the asynchronous Communication Linking Protocol (CLPTM) commands.
INTEGRATION OVERVIEW
91B CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Integration Overview 3Integration Overview Contents Contents Integration Goal and Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 Usage Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 Message Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Integration Overview CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Contents 3-ii June 18, 2002
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Integration Overview 3Integration Overview Integration Goal and Objectives Integration Goal and Objectives SmartSynch, Inc. recommends that you consider the impact of each task on the development plan and allow sufficient time for required activities. Try to identify critical path activities early in product development. The following list summarizes the development tasks. These tasks are discussed in detail in the following chapters. • Define a usage model.
Integration Overview CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Integration Goal and Objectives Service Strategy The objective of the service strategy is to define processes by which to identify the cause of a user’s problem and keep the customer operational during repair. Diagnostics It is best to test the data transceiver while it is integrated with the host at the user’s site. To provide this function, the product must include a pass-through mode of communications for the data transceiver.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Integration Overview Integration Goal and Objectives Antenna Configuration The data transceiver is available with an optional antenna from SmartSynch, Inc. See Section 4, "Hardware Integration" for other antenna suppliers. Use the following guidelines when you mount the data transceiver: • Mount the device away from any metallic or conductive enclosures. • Mount the device away from items that produce RF noise, such as a poorlyshielded PC.
Integration Overview CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Integration Goal and Objectives Installation and Field Test A product shipped to a site might be mounted in a location that restricts RF communications. To verify that the data transceiver is located in an area of good coverage, and that an end-to-end loopback message is possible, the product needs a software application to perform the test or a pass-through mode that enables a message to be sent and received.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Integration Overview Customer Problem Isolation Customer Problem Isolation When a customer reports a problem from the field, you must isolate the source. To isolate the problem, determine if it is the network, the wireless data transceiver, or the host product that is causing the problem. Often, the customer misunderstands the use of the product.
Integration Overview CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Wireline and Wireless Communications Wireline and Wireless Communications Consider the similarities and differences between wireline and wireless communications: Wireline data communications involve two data transceivers that use a dial-up telephone link to send and receive data. This type of communication is known as "full duplex, circuit-switched communications." Full duplex indicates both sides can send and receive simultaneously.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Integration Overview Wireline and Wireless Communications Throughput The network throughput of the device depends on several factors: • Raw throughput of the radio channel • Overhead involved in forward error correction • Support for packet headers • Number of active users on a shared RF channel • Network configuration July 10, 2002 3-7
Integration Overview CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Design Tips for Serviceability Design Tips for Serviceability Consider the concept of serviceability early in the design. Create a functional service strategy that includes procedures for performing unit-level screening. The test must determine whether a fault lies with the data transceiver or with the product into which the data transceiver is integrated. The test must also screen for network problems and human error.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Integration Overview Environmental Issues Environmental Issues The CreataLink2 XT device is designed as an OEM module. Any data transceiver applications are housed in a host product. The data transceiver has been tested to environmental specifications that meet the applications of most integrators. As an integrator, you must meet the following guidelines: 1.
Integration Overview CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Environmental Issues or provide another means of insulating the data transceiver sufficiently to achieve a temperature gradient at the board level not exceeding 1°C/minute. General Precautions G Failure to provide adequate protection will void the device warranty. Take the following general precautions to prevent damage to the data transceiver: • Handle the data transceiver as little as possible.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Integration Overview Environmental Issues ESD Precautions This data transceiver contains components that are sensitive to ESD. People typically experience up to 35 kV ESD while walking on a carpet in low humidity environments. Many electronic components can be damaged by fewer than 1000V of ESD. Observe handling precautions when you service this equipment: • Eliminate static generators (plastics, styrofoam, etc.) in the work area.
Integration Overview CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Regulatory Requirements Regulatory Requirements This chapter provides guidance on how to obtain regulatory approval of products that integrate the CreataLink2 XT data transceiver. Overview Worldwide, government regulatory agencies for communications have established standards and requirements for products that incorporate fixed, mobile, and portable radio transmitters. To this end, SmartSynch, Inc.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Integration Overview Regulatory Requirements • Test 2 (CFR 47, Part 24 and 90) proves that the data transceiver remains in its allocated channel spacing when it transmits, and does not produce spikes or splatter in other frequencies. SmartSynch, Inc. undergoes FCC testing with the data transceiver integrated into a dummy OEM host to ensure conformance with these requirements. According to the equipment authorization rules (CFR 47, Part 2), SmartSynch, Inc.
Integration Overview CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Regulatory Requirements 3-14 July 10, 2002
HARDWARE INTEGRATION
91B CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Hardware Integration 4Hardware Integration Contents Contents Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 Line-Powered Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 Battery-Powered Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hardware Integration CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Contents 4-ii June 18, 2002
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Hardware Integration 4Hardware Integration Power Supply Power Supply SmartSynch, Inc. recommends a 2A power supply in the lab. This ensures sufficient power to transmit.
Hardware Integration CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Power Supply • • • • • • Minimum operating voltage levels Shutdown procedures Device internal ambient temperature Antenna gain and proximity to user Repair and reprogramming facilities (pass-through mode of operation) Power outage and recovery issues, including the use of a backup battery Battery-Powered Implementation The CreataLink2 XT device can use battery power in three distinct ways.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Hardware Integration Host Interface Host Interface The CreataLink2 XT device has two connectors that interface with the host: • Power/Serial/Parallel I/O • I/O Pin Interface Power/Serial/Parallel I/O The 22-pin connector provides electrical power, serial communications, and I/O capability to the data transceiver. 8- and 22-pin part numbers are listed in "Parts Information". 22-pin vertical head connector pin signals are shown in Table 4-1. Table 4-1.
Hardware Integration CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Host Interface Table 4-1.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Hardware Integration Host Interface High Voltage Input Circuit There are no requirements for external components, unless the input voltage is to be higher than 12V for NUF3902 and 16V for NUF8006. If this is the case, perform external signal conditioning that will limit the voltage to a maximum of 12V for NUF3902 and 16V for NUF8006. Logic ones on the input pin are read as logic ones by the host processor, i.e. normal logic convention.
Hardware Integration CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Host Interface Effect of Load Size on Pull-up Resistor Figures 4-3 through 4-5 are plots that show the effect of pull-up and load resistances on the output high voltage. The output low voltage is guaranteed to be less than 0.5V as long as no more than 25 mA is being sunk. If a varying load is expected, select pull-up resistors to compensate for the range of this variance.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Hardware Integration Host Interface Output High Voltage Output High Voltage with Pull-Up = 10k Load Resistance (kohms) 990122 Figure 4-4. NUF3902: Output High Voltage versus Load Resistance Output High Voltage with Pull=Up 1k Load Resistance (kohms) 990123 Figure 4-5.
Hardware Integration CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Host Interface Output High Voltage with Load=1k 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 Pull-Up Resistance (kohms) 000166 Figure 4-6. NUF8006: Output High Voltage versus Pull-up Resistance Output High Voltage with Pull-Up = 10k 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Hardware Integration Host Interface Output High Voltage with Pull-Up = 1k 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 Load Resistance (kohms) 000168 Figure 4-8. NUF8006: Output High Voltage versus Load Resistance Resistor Sizing Example In order to size the pull-up resistor properly, you must know the above parameters.
Hardware Integration CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Host Interface This is well above the absolute minimum of 480 ohms determined above, thus you will not encounter current sink problems. If better VOhmin performance is desired, this value can be lowered, with a lower bound given by the equation above. This value for RPU can be cross checked to see if the system specifications can be met.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Hardware Integration Host Interface Effect of I/O on Operating Current The specification for the CreataLink2 XT device transmit current is 1400 mA. However, if an application is to use the parallel I/O capabilities, this number could nearly double. As a result, you should take into account the I/O when you design the system power supply. Open Collector I/O As noted earlier, the open collector lines are capable of sinking 25 mA each.
Hardware Integration CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Host Interface There are two scenarios resulting from the use of the battery save cycle. See Figure 4-10 illustrating the state of the RX_Active signal and receiver powerup state. Scenario 1: The data transceiver powers up its receiver and there is no message being delivered. In this case, the receiver will only be powered up for a small part of the entire frame.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Hardware Integration Host Interface Since the data transceiver must power up the receiver to synchronize before a transmission, in all cases where a message is either received (and must be acknowledged) or transmitted (and an acknowledgement will be received), there will be a pairing of RX_Active and TX_Active signal activations. The amount of time that the signals are active is dependent upon the amount of data transmitted.
Hardware Integration CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Host Interface Some possible combination RX_Active/TX_Active scenarios are shown in Figure 4-11. RX_Active TX_Active Scenario 1. Receiver wakes up and synchronizes to forward channel, and then transmits in a frame where the receiver normally powers up RX_Active TX_Active Scenario 2. Receiver wakes up and synchronizes to forward channel, and then transmits in a frame where the receiver is normally powered down.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Hardware Integration Host Interface JTAG Communication Port Table 4-2 shows a cross-reference between the signal names and the corresponding pin numbers on the data transceiver’s 8-pin JTAG connector. Table 4-2.
Hardware Integration CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Host Interface Power Connection The host must provide power to the data transceiver as follows. NUF3902: 5 Vdc to 12 Vdc NUF8006: 5 Vdc to 16 Vdc. For NUF8006 current usage, see Table 2-3 and Figures 2-3 through 2-5. ➧ All values in Tables 4-3 and 4-4 are approximate. Table 4-3. NUF3902 Current Usagea Current Transmit Receive Sleep Typical 1150 mA 65 mA 3-4 mA Maximum 1400 mA 90 mA 5 mA a.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Hardware Integration Power Management Power Management Make power and ground electrical connections via the 22-pin connector. Minimize cable length to limit the voltage drop across the cable during RF transmissions. The host must provide continuous dc power to the data transceiver. It resets if the power source is interrupted.
Hardware Integration CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Power Management save cycle parameter. Consult your network provider to determine current network parameters. During frames when the CreataLink2 XT device is in receive mode, the receiver only stays powered through part of the frame, unless the frame contains a message for the CreataLink2 XT device.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Hardware Integration Power Management Power Supply Circuit Details You are responsible for supplying power to the data transceiver. Certain specifications must be met to ensure proper operation.
Hardware Integration CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Antenna Systems Resetting the Data Transceiver There are three ways to reset the data transceiver: • Remove and reapply power • Issue the Set Power CLP command to the ON state. This results in a softwaregenerated reset (see Communication Linking Protocol Reference Manual) or use the equivalent API call for on-board/embedded applications.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Hardware Integration Antenna Systems Antenna Mounting 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. It is not recommended to connect the antenna directly to the CreataLink2 XT. Connect the antenna to the CreataLink2 XT using RG58/U coax cable (or equivalent) of at least 3 feet in length. Do not mount the antenna in close proximity to other antennas. Try to stay as far away as practically possible. Separation of antennas must be at least three feet.
Hardware Integration CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Antenna Systems 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -4 -3 -1 805SRH-24 -2 0 805SRH-34 Figure 4-12.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Hardware Integration Hardware Recommendations Hardware Recommendations An optional external antenna is available from SmartSynch, Inc. (see Table 6-1), or the customer can supply the external antenna. The specifications for this SmartSynch external antenna are listed in Table 4-6. Table 4-6.
Hardware Integration CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Hardware Recommendations Antenna Dealers Recommended antenna dealers are listed in Table 4-7. Table 4-7. Antenna Dealers 4-24 Dealer Phone Number Micro Pulse, Inc (805) 389-3446 Northpoint Communication Products, Inc. (919) 403-8598 Larsen Electronics, Inc. (800) 426-1656 Centurion International, Inc.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Hardware Integration Battery Selection Criteria Battery Selection Criteria This chapter provides an overview of the current state of available battery technologies, and some considerations for applying battery technology to a packet data product. Use batteries only if line power is unavailable.
Hardware Integration CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Battery Selection Criteria • Exhibits the memory effect in a manner similar to NiCd technology, but at a less pronounced level • Internal impedance of 35–49 mΩ for each 1.2V cell • Typical cell voltages are 1.2V, with multiple cells used to obtain higher operating voltages. • Earlier NiMH battery chemistry was damaged by high current discharge pulses. This problem has been eliminated in recent battery chemistry.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Hardware Integration Battery Selection Criteria Applying Battery Technologies Review the following characteristics of packet data products when you consider different battery technologies: Inconsistent Current Drain When battery manufacturers specify the battery discharge profiles, they assume a constant current drain model. In a packet data system, the constant current drain model no longer applies.
Hardware Integration CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Battery Selection Criteria 4-28 July 23, 2002
TESTING
91B CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide 5Testing Testing Contents Contents Hardware Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-1 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-1 Enabler Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Testing CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Contents 5-ii June 18, 2002
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide 5Testing Testing Hardware Integration Hardware Integration Follow relevant engineering standards, requirements, and specifications to ensure a proper integration effort. Functional tests performed during development validate that the integrated product performs as designed. Equipment Table 5-1 shows the equipment needed to test the data transceiver. Table 5-1.
Testing CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Hardware Integration • Antenna performance—Ensure the integrated antenna system meets the required ERP specifications, VSWR specifications, and antenna propagation patterns. • ESD requirements—Ensure the host design protects the data transceiver from electrostatic discharge. • RF Re-radiation—Ensure the host does not allow spurious emissions in excess of 60 dBc, caused by carrier re-radiation.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Testing Application Software Application Software The data transceiver resides between the application and the network. Tests need to verify the communications links between an external host and the data transceiver and between the data transceiver and the network. Software Driver Configuration This test verifies that the driver software and configuration are such that the external host and data transceiver serial port can communicate with each other.
Testing CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Final Assembly Final Assembly Before any product is shipped, a final assembly test should be performed to ensure that all components are working properly and have been checked for loose connections and proper software load. In this test, the data transceiver sends and receives messages to itself or another data transceiver or two-way pager of the size used in the application.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Testing Installation Installation This chapter describes how to install the CreataLink2 XT device. Procedures are for basic external antenna installation. Installation Overview The data transceiver is a small, easy-to-operate product that requires comparatively little space. Installation requires common tools and equipment (see Table 5-2). A dimensional drawing is provided (see Figure 5-1). G Follow the installation procedure and guidelines as specified.
Testing CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Installation Installation Procedures Ensure that there is no door opening and closing interference before you mount the CreataLink2 XT device, if applicable. Mounting Mount the data transceiver to a rigid, flat surface using 4 standoffs or customerdeveloped enclosure appropriate for environment (i.e. maintaining temperature around the board assembly to -40 deg. C to +85 deg.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Testing Installation 1.748 1.457 0.724 0.128 0.145 0.302 0.066 0.023 0.049 1.277 Pin 2 3.464 3.740 Pin 1 0.382 0.138 0.386 0.252 Figure 5-1. Dimensional Drawing G 000162-O Seat the SMA mating connector properly. Overtightening the connector could cause permanent damage to the data transceiver. 4. Connect the coaxial antenna cable to the data transceiver SMA connector. Tighten the cable connector at 4-8 in-lbs. of torque (i.e.
Testing CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Installation ➧ Use a common ground between the CreataLink2 XT data transceiver power ground and the host machine. Verifying the Installation To verify that the data transceiver can receive and initiate messages, use the host system built-in test mode if available. If a built-in test mode is not available, use a palmtop or laptop computer with a test application to prompt the data transceiver to initiate and read messages.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Testing Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Before you perform detailed troubleshooting, check for faults in the external power source, including fuses, circuit breakers, and interlocking safety switches (see Table 5-3). Table 5-3. Troubleshooting Problem Fault Isolation 1. Check all interface cables for secure connections. Repair or replace as required. 2. Check 22-pin connector pin 1 for Supply voltage (NUF3902: 5-12 Vdc and NUF8006: 5-16 Vdc). 1.
Testing CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide End User Problem Resolution End User Problem Resolution It is time-consuming and expensive to have a unit returned to the service depot when a temporary network or host outage may have caused the problem. Is the problem caused by the host application, data transceiver, network, configuration, or user error? Design the application to identify the source of end-user problems. This function can be designed with the guidance of SmartSynch, Inc.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Testing Service Depot Repair Service Depot Repair This chapter describes tests that you can perform on a unit that is sent to you for service. These tests were designed to help you determine the specific problem and decide whether to send them to SmartSynch, Inc. for repair. An end-to-end or loopback test involves all elements of the network and the data transceiver.
Testing CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Service Depot Repair • • • 5-12 If the message was successfully sent, the data transceiver should receive the message. Bytes 13 and 14 of the status information returned by the data transceiver is the number of non-downloaded messages. This number increments as messages are received by the unit. Repeat this test several times to ensure messages are being sent and received correctly.
PARTS INFORMATION
91B CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Parts Information 6Parts Information Contents Contents Accessories and Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parts Information CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Contents 6-ii June 18, 2002
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Parts Information 6Parts Information Accessories and Options Accessories and Options Refer to the description and option number to obtain accessories information (see Table 6-1). To order, please visit our website at www.smartsynch.com. Table 6-1. Accessories and Options Description Accessory Kit Number External antenna PTAF1001A Interface Board Assembly Kit MKLN4400A The CreataLink2 XT model numbers and configuration are shown in Table 6-2. Table 6-2.
Parts Information CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Accessories and Options Connectors Part numbers and specifications for mating connectors are listed in Table 6-3 and Table 6-4. Table 6-3. 8 and 22-Pin Part Numbers and Specifications Part Number Electrical Specifications Molex P/N 87332-0806 Max rated @ 2A per contact Molex P/N 87332-6022 Max rated @ 2A per contact Table 6-4.
APPENDIX A Abbreviations and Acronyms
91B AAppendix CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s GuideA Appendix A Abbreviations and Acronyms Abbreviations and Acronyms A ac ACK ANSI API ARM BMO BMT bps C CLP CMOS CPU dB dBc dBd dBi dBm dc DCE Desense DTE DVM EEPROM EIRP EMI ERP ESD ESN FCC FSK FWA GHz GND GPS Host HP Hz JTAG IC ID I/O ICN kbyte kHz kV LAN LCD Li-ion LQ mA MHz Ampere(s) Alternating Current Acknowledgment American National Standards Institute Application Programmer Interface Advanced RISC Machine Basic Message Output Basic Message Tr
Appendix A CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Abbreviations and Acronyms NAK NBPCS NiCad / NiCd NiMH NRZ OEM PCB PIN PPS PC RAM RF RFI RGxxx RS-232 Rx SMA TTL Tx UAR UART Vdc VSWR WAN A-2 Negative Acknowledgment Narrow Band Personal Communications System Nickel-Cadmium (battery technology) Nickel-Metal-Hydride (battery technology) Non-Return-to-Zero Original Equipment Manufacturer Printed Circuit Board Personal Identification Number Pager Programming Software Personal Computer Random Access Mem
DEN APPENDIX B Desense Overview
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide BAppendix B Appendix B Desense Overview Desense Overview The CreataLink2 XT device is a board-level product. This discussion of desense is included to ensure that integrators are aware of its effects.
Appendix B CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Desense Overview Amplitude Wanted Signal Level Unwanted Signal Level Frequency Fc = Radio Receiver Channel Frequency Fc 990005 Figure B-1. Wanted and Unwanted Signal Levels The radio cannot differentiate between wanted and unwanted signals. In frequencymodulated systems, the radio captures the strongest signal that the receiver detects.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Appendix B Desense Overview Noise Sources CPU clocks, address and data buses, user displays, switching power supplies, and peripheral drivers are sources of EMI. The frequency of these emissions is unstable because high stability clock sources are not required in host computer designs. The frequency of sources drifts as a function of temperature, time, and aging.
Appendix B CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Desense Measurement Techniques Desense Measurement Techniques To measure desense indirectly, record the emission level from the host and then calculate the effect on the data transceiver. To measure desense directly, use packet error rate testing off the air. The direct method is similar to a system test. The test should be non-intrusive, with no peripheral test cables connected to the unit under test.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Appendix B Desense Measurement Techniques Even if a narrowband noise source is separated in frequency from a receive channel, it might move around due to temperature, load conditions, power supply variations, and other factors. The indirect method is not an effective way to determine desensitization at IF frequencies or from mixed product sources. The measurement equipment should measure signals as low as –120 dBm.
Appendix B CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Preparing the Device Under Test Preparing the Device Under Test If the host device contains multiple sections that power up and down independently, make provisions to control the power to different sections during testing. This serves to isolate each section and enables you to locate the source of any emissions. The host device must remain powered during the entire test cycle.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Appendix B Performance Goals Performance Goals Network coverage is the goal of emissions control. Allowable emissions levels are a function of radio sensitivity and the required network coverage. Radio Performance Capabilities Every radio technology demands certain sensitivity requirements. Wide area networks (WANs) require the subscriber device to be very sensitive, whereas local area networks (LANs) operate with higher receiver signal levels.
Appendix B CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Performance Goals Prediction of Sources Typically, there are two sources of noise in a circuit, narrowband and wideband. Narrowband interference is usually caused by a mixing product among several sources. If the system runs a 16.8 MHz-clock, and a 1.23 MHz-clock and a strong narrowband emission is found at 865.2000 MHz, the emission comes from the 16.8 MHz-clock as a product of: 865.2/16.8 = 51.5, the 51st harmonic plus a subharmonic of 8.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Appendix B Methods of Controlling Emissions Methods of Controlling Emissions The preferred means of control is to contain emissions to a level 40 dB less than the FCC Part 15 requirements. For WAN products, shielding achieves this control. Standard techniques to achieve FCC certification are insufficient for wireless communications. Decoupling, partial shielding, and PCB layout methods produce only incremental improvements.
Appendix B CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Antenna Antenna The CreataLink2 XT transceiver is configured for use with an external antenna kit. You can purchase the antenna from SmartSynch, Inc., or it can be supplied by the customer. Field Strengths from the Antenna Field strengths from the wireless data transceiver transmitter can reach as high as 100 V/m 2 in. away. Field strength levels vary as a function of 1/R2; doubling the distance, R, decreases the strength level by a factor of 4.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Appendix B Summary Summary Consider these two basic interactions when you use a wireless device and computer as a system: • The impact of the computer EMI on the system performance • The impact the of the RF fields from the wireless device transmitter on the operation of the computer The impact the RF fields from the wireless device transmitter is not a significant problem. It can be corrected with minimal effort and cost.
Appendix B CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Summary B-12 July 23, 2002
APPENDIX C FLEX Application Protocol Licensing
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Appendix C CAppendix C FLEX Application Protocol Licensing FLEX Application Protocol Licensing This chapter presents an overview of the FLEXsuite Protocols, associated licensing guidelines, and a licensee form. Actual terms and conditions of licensing agreements may vary.
Appendix C CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Licensing Licensing Motorola, Inc. intends to license the FLEXsuite™ of Enabling Protocols (hereinafter FLEXsuite technology) to entities that wish to use the protocols in their product(s). These licensed entities generally include, but are not limited to, information service data center providers, infrastructure manufacturers, and subscriber unit manufacturers, just to mention a few.
CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Appendix C Licensing FLEXsuite™ Protocols Licensee Form Company Name: Address: FAX: ( ) Phone: ( ) Your company has executed the following FLEXsuite licenses with Motorola, Inc. (please circle all that apply): FLEX™ ReFLEX InFLEXion N/A Type of business (please circle all that apply): Manufacturer Design House Carrier Other (please explain) Please describe your company’s intended application that will implement the FLEXsuite protocols.
Appendix C CreataLink2 XT Hardware Integrator’s Guide Licensing The applicant agrees and understands that Motorola, Inc. may rely on the information contained above in processing the application and that any approval of the application and/or the effectiveness of any subsequent agreement between Motorola, Inc., and the applicant is expressly conditioned upon the completeness and truthfulness of the application and its contents.
SMARTSYNCH INTEGRATOR’S KIT SOFTWARE MATERIALS LICENSE IMPORTANT – READ CAREFULLY READ CAREFULLY THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT BEFORE USING THE INTEGRATOR’S KIT. INSTALLATION OF INTEGRATOR’S KIT SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION INDICATES YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT, PROMPTLY RETURN THE INTEGRATOR’S KIT UNUSED TO THE PROVIDER. THIS IS A LEGAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN YOU (“LICENSEE”) and SMARTSYNCH, INC.
