ip.access Ltd Melbourn Science Park Cambridge Road Melbourn Royston Hertfordshire SG8 6EE United Kingdom Product Defining Documentation ip.access Installation and Configuration 110#010 Author(s) Carl Melbourne 29/07/2002 © ip.access Ltd COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL 110#010XA_GDE.
The information contained in this document is commercially confidential and must not be disclosed to third parties without prior consent. © ip.access Ltd COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL 110#010XA_GDE.
REVISION HISTORY Version XA Change Summary First Release Date 29/07/2002 © ip.access Ltd COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Author CM2 110#010XA_GDE.
Table of Contents Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................5 Warnings and Cautions................................................................................................................6 Introduction...................................................................................................................................7 The nanoBTS ...........................................................
Table of Figures Figure 1 System Architecture .........................................................................................................7 Figure 2 nanoBTS...........................................................................................................................8 Figure 3 nanoBTS PSU location...................................................................................................11 Figure 4 PSU location at Switch .......................................................
Warnings and Cautions This system is designed to be operated indoors as a fixed system device and must be located either on or near the ceiling away from the user. It must be mounted in a manner to ensure that all users and bystanders and users are kept a minimum of 60mm away from antennas at all times. Do not touch or move the antenna(s) while the unit is transmitting or receiving.
Introduction The nanoBTS The nanoBTS is a picocellular basestation operating in one of the GSM frequency bands and complies with all the relevant ETSI / FCC specifications. A nanoBTS basestation is mounted on a wall or ceiling, taking its power and traffic from a single 10/100 switched Ethernet connection.
Status Indicator RJ45(48Vdc) Ethernet TIB In (for future Expansion) TIB Out (26MHz) Figure 2 nanoBTS The nanoBTS may be mounted on walls or ceilings, in convenient locations chosen at the system planning stage, to provide adequate coverage in a building. Power to the nanoBTS is via the RJ45 socket enabled for 48Vdc. The nanoBTS has a LED indicator used to convey its status. Note. This indicator can be disabled after commissioning if required using the nanoBTS installer software.
Installing the nanoBTS Pre-Installation Checklist Prior to installation and following a technical site survey, ensure that the following items are available. 1. Details of placement of PSUs (at central site or at nanoBTS). 2. The following system information is required for each nanoBTS: • The ARFCN (Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number) to be allocated to that cell.
• Ruler dimensioned in mm. • T20 Torx screwdriver required if external antenna kit is used Configuration: • Frequency counter with 12-digit display with a reference oscillator stability better -9 than 10 . • If the reference nanoBTS adjustment is to be performed manually, then an isolated 10-way RJ45 to BNC lead is required. • Laptop PC preinstalled with the ip.access “nanoInstaller” and associated configuration files. Walk Test: • A test mobile or other GSM measuring device. . Installation Steps 1.
Provision of Power to the nanoBTS Power for the nanoBTS may be at either the RJ45 outlet or at the output of the last Ethernet switch/hub/router etc. See Figure 3 below nanoBTS nanoBTS ~ RJ45(48v) ~ PSU φ RJ45 PSU θ Ethernet Switch BSC θ PSU located at the switch φ PSU located at nanoBTS Figure 3 nanoBTS PSU location IF THE NETWORK HAS AN EXISTING DHCP SERVER DO NOT CONNECT THE nanoBTS TO THE SWITCH AT THIS TIME. Installing the PSU at the Ethernet switch.
Installing the PSU at the nanoBTS. Ensure that the PSU is placed in a location that is ventilated and that the connection leads provide no safety hazard. 110-230Vac 48Vdc ! Connection to nanoBTS 48Vdc ~ PSU Connection to LAN RJ45 Mounting the nanoBTS. The location of each nanoBTS is shown on the installation floor plan produced at the network planning stage. The network wiring must be complete before the nanoBTS can be tested.
2) Position the bracket on the wall and mark the position of the four screw holes. The top of the bracket MUST be positioned uppermost. Ensure that the bracket is level and sufficient clearance is maintained to allow the unit to be located on the bracket (at least 80mm from the bracket to the top of wall and 120mm from the side of the bracket to a side wall). See the diagram below.
Locking Spring 1 TOP 2 Figure 7 Mounting the nanoBTS b) Fixing to a ceiling or a sloping surface When fixing to a ceiling or a sloping wall the same fixing process and clearances should be observed as for fixing to a wall (at least 80mm from the bracket to the top of wall and 120mm from the side of the bracket to a side wall). On a sloping surface the top of the bracket MUST be uppermost. Once the unit has been attached to the bracket the outer cover MUST be removed to expose the cooling vanes.
Configuring the nanoBTS Step 1. Setting up PC for configuring nanoBTS Three options exist for commissioning the nanoBTS. Option 1: Configuring mostly at the site IP switch room Option 2: Configuring mostly at the BTS. See appendix 3 Option 3: Configuring mostly at the NOC (Network Operations Centre) See appendix 4 This section covers the steps required to configure the nanoBTS using option 1. The other options are covered in the appendixes Check that the following files are loaded onto the laptop PC C:\ipa
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # you can specify any of the following options per MAC address line: ipaddr= subnet= router= lease-time=3600 filename= next-server= omlipaddr = 172.28.0.30 omlipport = 3002 2ndomlipaddr = 172.28.0.30 2ndomlipport = 3006 location = "On my desk" btsid = 42 trxid = 0 NOTE that MAC addresses are case sensitive and should be in lower case. 00:02:95:00:00:0a 00:02:95:00:00:03 00:02:95:00:00:04 00:02:95:00:00:05 ipaddr=172.28.6.10 ipaddr=172.28.6.3 ipaddr=172.28.6.4 ipaddr=172.28.
Figure 9 TFTP server Step 3. Setting IP addresses and downloading software The DHCP server automatically responds to the nanoBTS broadcast with the relevant IP configuration. If a .sdp filename has been specified in the “com.ipaccess.nanoBTS.v1” configuration file, then the software will download from the TFTP server to the nanoBTS. Check against the IP address in the TFTP server window that the .sdp file has been downloaded and that no error / fail message is displayed.
Note: The following steps 4, 5, 6 and 7 should be done on one nanoBTS and then repeated on each remaining nanoBTS in turn. Step 4. Calibration of nanoBTS using frequency synchronisation Note: Prior to calibration, the unit must be powered up for a minimum of 60 minutes, to ensure frequency stability. Start the nanoInstaller and open a session to the nanoBTS by entering the IP address of the nanoBTS for which the calibration is to be performed.
Figure 13 RXLEV Threshold Select the Freq Sync Options tab and apply Frequency Sync Options. Set drop menus to: “Report a single frequency error” and “Adjust the clock to correct the reported errors” Figure 14 Freq Sync Options Click “OK and Start Test” button. Perform Test ACK is reported in the message pane. On completion of the test, the average frequency error following adjustment will be displayed. Step 5.
The RXLEV threshold should not be applied. Click OK and start test or select NWL Start ( ) from the menu bar. Figure 15 NWL Test Results At the end of the test the bar chart shows the received level of signals, as shown in Figure 15. The received levels can also be seen in a list view by clicking on the “List View” Icon ( ). The maximum acceptable level for any interference is -95dBm and any signal above this and on a channel close to that planned for the nanoBTS should be investigated.
Step 6. BCCH Channel Usage Test This test is designed to identify GSM BCCH signals, which can be interrogated later during the BCCH Information Test. Select BCCH Channel Usage icon . ) icon and then select the ARFCN Lists tab and check that Select the Properties ( the Apply a White List and Apply a Black List boxes are unchecked. Click OK and start test or select BCCH Channel Usage Test Start ( menu bar. Wait for the test to complete. Step 7.
Figure 17 BCCH Information Test Results Repeat tests 4, 5, 6 and 7 for each nanoBTS. Step 8. Measuring path loss between nanoBTS This test is designed to measure path loss between pairs of BTS sites so that the TX power can be adjusted to achieve required coverage (typically 95%).
Figure 18 BTS Session Select the window for the nanoBTS to be used as the beacon Select Transmit Beacon but barred). Click NWL Properties ( from the side menu (when set as a beacon the cell is active ) and check the Perform the tests until stopped box Figure 19 Transmit Beacon Properties: NWL options On the Beacon Information tab and enter one ARFCN from the site configuration plan.
Figure 21 NWL Transmit Beacon Select the Channel Usage ( ) icon from the side menu. Click NWL Properties ( ) and select the ARFCN list tab and select the channel being used by the beacon from the white list (only one should be set). Figure 22 NWL Channel Usage Properties Click OK For each nanoBTS, except the one that is determined to be the beacon; © ip.access Ltd COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL 110#010XA_GDE.
Select the Channel Usage ( from the main menu bar. ) icon from the side menu and then Test Start ( ) Figure 23 NWL Channel Usage measurement From the displayed bar chart note the reading. In the example above the value shown is –65dbm Calculate the path loss by subtracting the RX level from the TX level i.e. [=23dBm TX] – [-65dBm RX] = 88dB path loss. Record the path losses in the path loss matrix spreadsheet contained within the installation report.
Step 9. Walk Test This test is performed to fine adjust the nanoBTS(s) as agreed to give a suitable service meeting the coverage levels specified in the site configuration plan. Set each nanoBTS into beacon test mode on its allocated ARFCN and power level as calculated in the previous step. (See Step 8) Using a test mobile or other GSM measuring device, walk through the installation site looking for areas where service is below the threshold specified in the site configuration plan, recording black spots.
Regulatory Compliance The nanoBTS conforms to the following regulatory standards. Type Approvals • FCC Rule 47 Parts 2, 15, 24 Safety Certifications • rd UL 60950 3 Edition NOTE: Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance may void the user's authority to operate this equipment. © ip.access Ltd COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL 110#010XA_GDE.
Appendix 1: Modifying nanoBTS for use with external antenna Remove Plastic cover. Remove the top and bottom plates from both ends of the nanoBTS. Lever gently apart with screwdriver in notch.
Clamp plate Figure 26 Fit clamp plate Repeat the process for the other end of nanoBTS © ip.access Ltd COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL 110#010XA_GDE.
Appendix 2: Alternative method to set frequency of nanoBTS oscillator Note: The nanoBTS should be powered on for at least 60 minutes before performing the frequency calibration procedure, in order to allow the oscillator to reach its normal operating temperature Start the nanoInstaller. Select from menu File, Open BTS Session Figure 27 NanoInstaller Opening Screen Enter the IP address of the nanoBTS that is to be calibrated.
Figure 29 nanoInstaller after connection to the nanoBTS From the menu select Tools/ Get NV attributes and check the Frequency Control box. Figure 30 Get NV Attributes Click the Get NV Attributes button. When View button alongside is enabled, click on it and the value will be displayed. © ip.access Ltd COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL 110#010XA_GDE.
From the menu select Tools/ Set NV attributes and check the Frequency Control box. Connect a frequency counter to the TIB out port on the nanoBTS Figure 31 Set NV Attributes © ip.access Ltd COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL 110#010XA_GDE.
Click the Set NV Attributes button. Click the configure button alongside frequency control and adjust the frequency control value until the measured frequency is 26MHz± 20ppb. Adjustment of the 26MHz is typically in the order of 1.5Hz per 100 DAC steps. Figure 32 Frequency Control © ip.access Ltd COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL 110#010XA_GDE.
Appendix 3: Commissioning at the nanoBTS If commissioning is to be done mostly at the nanoBTS instead of connecting the PC to LAN in switch room (step 2) the laptop PC should be set up at the nanoBTS as shown the diagram below using the power over Ethernet adapter to connect the PC onto the LAN (the adapter applies the 48V DC to the nanoBTS). Connect a crossed RJ45 lead from the adapter to the Ethernet connector on the nanoBTS.
Appendix 4: Commissioning mostly at the NOC Steps 1 to 3 performed at the nanoBTS Step 1. Step 2. Step 3. Page Setting up PC for configuring nanoBTS ..................................................................15 Connecting the nanoBTS........................................................................................16 Setting IP address and downloading operational software .....................................17 Steps 4 to 8 performed at the NOC Step 4. Step 5. Step 6. Step 7. Step 8.
Appendix 5 Troubleshooting Checking that the nanoBTS has successfully downloaded an IP address Start the program 'Bts Finder' select the IP address and MAC address boxes and click the Find BTS button. Figure 34 Bts Finder Opening Screen Check that the IP address and MAC address are as required. Figure 35 Find BTS Results Resetting the nanoBTS to factory default settings. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Remove the connecting cable providing power to the nanoBTS. Insert the dongle into the "TIB IN" port.
Communication Problems No LEDs Does the BTS have Power? Check that the BTS is connected to the Ethernet cable and ensure it is plugged in fully into the Ethernet socket. Check that the Ethernet cable is plugged into a power supply. Check that the Ethernet is plugged into the correct socket on the power supply (BTS). LED’s have been disabled using nanoInstaller Check that the power supply is connected to the mains and powered up.
Clock Adjustment Problems No 26MHz clock during Frequency adjustment Clock adjustment cable not plugged into TIB-OUT socket on BTS. Unsettled 26MHz during frequency adjustment Has the BTS been powered up long enough to warm up? Warm up time is normally less than 60 minutes but can sometimes take over one hour if the unit has been stored in a cold environment before power up.
Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations 10 Base-T 100 Base-T ACH ACK ARFCN BCCH BCH Basic Ethernet at 10 Mbit/sec Ethernet running at 100 Mbit/sec Access Channel Acknowledgement signal Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number Broadcast Control Channel Broadcast Channel. A channel transmitted by one (e.g. BS) and received by many (e.g. MS) BER Bit Error Rate BSC Base Station Controller.
RJ45 RX .sdp SysInfo TCP TCP/IP TFTP TRX TX UL VoIP Minature 8-position keyed data jack, providing electrical network connection for data Receiver Software download packages System Information Transmission Control Protocol. A protocol that provides for reliable delivery of messages over the Internet. See IP TCP used over IP Trivial File Transfer Protocol Transceiver Transmit Uplink. Radio link in the direction ‘up’ to network. Compare with DL Voice over IP © ip.
