Remote Terminal Installation and User Manual 1027144– 0001 Revision D March 1, 2000 11717 Exploration Lane, Germantown, MD 20876 Tel: (301) 428–5500 Fax: (301) 428–1868/2830
For important standards compliance information, see appendix B. Copyright 1999–2000 Hughes Network Systems, a Hughes Electronics Corporation company All rights reserved. This publication and its contents are proprietary to Hughes Network Systems, a Hughes Electronics Corporation company. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the written permission of Hughes Network Systems, 11717 Exploration Lane, Germantown, Maryland 20876.
Contents About this manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Important safety information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix 1 Installation summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–1 1.1 Remote terminal (RT) reference drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Installation summary and checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 Installing ODUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transporting the ODU to the roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preparing to install the antenna mount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installing the antenna mount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A Acronyms and abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A- 1 B Standards compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–1 B.1 Outdoor unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.2 Indoor unit (ac) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–2 B–3 C Terminating the IFL cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C–1 C.1 C.
vi RT installation 1027144–0001 Revision D
About this manual This manual provides instructions for installing and using AIReach Broadband point–to–multipoint remote terminal (RT) equipment. User qualifications This manual is intended for use by qualified equipment installers.
Revision record viii Revision Date of issue Scope A April 21, 1999 Released for UL approval. B June 8, 1999 Added new and updated information. C August 9, 1999 Added troubleshooting and maintenance information. D March 1, 2000 Revised order of Installation steps. Added overall installation checklist. Added information for new antenna mount design, and updated various other information.
Important safety information For your own safety and protection, read this safety section carefully. Keep this safety information where you can refer to it if necessary. Types of warnings used in this manual This section introduces the types of warnings used in this manual to alert you to possible safety hazards that could be encountered while installing AIReach Broadband equipment.
Warnings appearing in this manual This manual includes the following safety warnings: DANGER If you have to walk on a roof or use a ladder to access an installation site or equipment, follow these precautions to prevent personal injury or death: • Do not walk near the edge of the roof. • Watch out for overhead power lines. Stay at least 6 meters (20 feet) from power lines. • Walk only on sound roof structures.
WARNING Potential radio frequency (RF) hazard: • Keep away from the front of the outdoor unit (ODU) antenna while the ODU is operating. Note that you cannot tell from outward appearance whether the ODU is operating or not. • Be careful with respect to the ODU you are installing and ODUs that may already be operating in the installation area. Failure to observe these warnings could result in injury to eyes or other personal injury.
WARNING To avoid the risk of electric shock, remove power from the power circuit before connecting power cables to the IDU power supply. WARNING The IDU chassis must be solidly bonded to a low–impedance ground (earth) source. To avoid the risk of electric shock and/or equipment damage, do not apply power to the IDU chassis without a ground reference. WARNING To avoid the risk of electric shock, make sure the dc power source breaker is off before installing a remote power–off circuit.
Chapter 1 RT INSTALLATION Installation summary This chapter includes: • Remote terminal (RT) reference drawing – page 1–2 • RT installation summary and checklist – page 1–3 The installation summary previews the entire RT installation process and serves as a quick reference. For detailed information, see chapters 2 through 8.
1.1 Remote terminal (RT) reference drawing Figure 1-1 is provided as a reference.
1.
Install the mast mount – page 5–4 Install the antenna mount – page 6–8 Attach the antenna to the mount – page 6–10 Adjust the antenna azimuth – page 6–14 Adjust the antenna elevation – page 6–17 Install the mechanical attenuator (if required) – page 6–19 Attach the transceiver to the antenna – page 6–21 Ground the ODU – page 6–23 Connect the IFL to the ODU – page 6–25 Connect the IFL to the CCM (IDU) – page 7–3 Point the antenna (with voltmeter) – page 7–9 Verify HT acquisition – page 7–13 Enter an attenuat
Chapter 2 RT INSTALLATION Prerequisites This chapter discusses steps that are required prior to installation of AIReach Broadband equipment. It includes: • Reviewing site data and plans – page 2–1 • Planning ahead for building access – page 2–2 • Tools needed for installation – page 2–3 • Prerequisites for commissioning – page 2–7 2.
2.2 Plan ahead for building access Before you go to the installation site, make sure you have all necessary information (such as contact names and phone numbers) for accessing all parts of the building you will need to visit (roof, equipment rooms—which may be in the basement), and other locations. This information should be available in the Site Data Record, which is completed as part of the site survey. Recommendations: • Know who to contact for assistance (name, phone number, working hours).
2.3 Tools needed for installation To install and commission AIReach Broadband remote terminal equipment, you need the tools listed in table 2-1 . You may need general–purpose tools in addition to the specific tools listed here. Table 2-1 Tools required for RT installation (includes tools for IFL installation, antenna pointing, and initial testing) √ Item Purpose (or other comments) Ladder May or may not be required; depends on building Rope To hoist tools and equipment up ladders.
Table 2-1 Tools required for RT installation – Cont’d. (includes tools for IFL installation, antenna pointing, and initial testing) √ Item Purpose (or other comments) Excelta CX–1–78–1 cable stripping tool Manufacturer: Excelta Corp.
Table 2-1 Tools required for RT installation – Cont’d. (includes tools for IFL installation, antenna pointing, and initial testing) √ Item Purpose (or other comments) Detailed local map Used to locate the HT. Must show true north, streets, buildings, and landmarks. Helpful if the map shows magnetic declination (or magnetic north versus true north). A U.S. Geological Survey map is recommended. A travel map will suffice if it shows sufficient detail.
2.4 Specialized materials To install AIReach Broadband RT equipment, you will need the materials listed in table 2-2 . This is a list of key, mostly specialized materials. It is not a comprehensive list. In addition to the listed materials, installers should carry materials that are commonly required to install outdoor telecommunications equipment. Table 2-2 √ Specialized materials required for RT installation Item Purpose (or other comments) IFL cable For specifications, see page 4–3.
2.5 Prerequisites for commissioning You will not be able to commission the RT (as detailed in chapter 7) unless the Element Management System (EMS) is operational. Specific requirements for commissioning are: The EMS hardware and software must be installed and operational. The EMS database must be loaded and operational. The EMS operator has to enter the hub MAC address into the EMS database. The hub and HT are installed and operational. The HT must be properly aligned.
Chapter 3 RT INSTALLATION Installing indoor RT equipment This chapter includes: • Rack grounding • Installing indoor units (IDUs) • Power supplies – page 3–8 • Installing the CCM – page 3–23 • CCM power–on test – page 3–25 • SSIs – page 3–27 • Installing expansion IDUs (EIDUs) – page 3–34 For IDU standards compliance information, see appendix B (page B–3).
3.1 Rack grounding If the RT IDU will be mounted in a rack, the rack must be grounded, as shown in figure 3-1: 1. Run a ground wire from the rack location to the master ground bar in the equipment room. This wire must be No. 2 AWG, green, stranded, and shielded. 2. Ground the rack by connecting a No. 6 AWG wire from the rack to the No. 2 AWG ground wire. Use a 2–hole lug to connect the No. 6 AWG wire to the rack. Remove paint and apply anti–oxidant as shown in the illustration. No.
3.2 Installing IDUs Figures 3-2 and 3-3 show the RT indoor unit (IDU), which houses the channel and control module (CCM) and service–specific interfaces (SSIs). The IDU chassis is shipped with the power supply installed, but the CCM and SSIs are not installed. For IDU standards compliance information, see appendix B (page B–3). IDU components Channel and control module (CCM) Figures 3-2 and 3-3 identify the main IDU components.
Channel and control module (CCM) IFL interface Auxiliary IF port Maintenance port Liquid crystal display (LCD) Control pushbuttons (for LCD) RT CCM TM BROADBAND NEXT PREV ENTER 1 2 SSI slots 3 4 5 T0009048 Thumbscrew Service-specific interface (SSI) Blank panel DC power supply Figure 3-3 RT IDU with dc power supply IDU chassis types Three IDU chassis types are available, each with a different power supply option: Table 3-1 IDU types IDU type HNS part number IDU chassis with ac powe
Mounting options The IDU can be used on a tabletop or installed in a 19–inch (48.3–centimeter) rack. With optional adapter brackets, the IDU can also be installed in a 23–inch (58.4–centimeter) rack. Rack mounting Safety guidelines Observe these guidelines from Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
Rack mounting instructions To mount the IDU chassis in a rack, you need the rack mounting brackets included in HNS kit 1027191–0001. This kit includes two brackets and six Phillips SEMS screws for attaching the bracket to the IDU. To mount the IDU chassis in a rack, follow these steps: 1. Attach the rack mounting brackets as shown in figure 3-4. Be sure to use the correct sets of holes (front or midpoint) for each bracket, as indicated in figure 3-4. Attach bracket here for enclosed rack.
2. Screw the two upper mounting screws into the rack (one on each side), at the desired installation height. Refer to figure 3-5. Do not tighten the screws all the way—this allows you to hang the chassis by the top “teardrop” holes on the brackets (in step 3). (The four mounting screws that screw into the rack should be provided with the rack.) Leave part of the upper mounting screws exposed so you can hang the brackets on them. Front hb033 Rack Figure 3-5 Installing the IDU chassis in a rack 3. 4.
3.3 Power supplies Power supply options The IDU power supply is installed in the chassis at the factory. However, you need to make sure the power supply is grounded and connect power to the power supply. Detailed instructions for these steps follow. The IDU chassis may be equipped with an ac, dc, or dual (ac or dc) power supply, depending on the local power environment. In the following sections, make sure you follow all instructions for the type of power supply your IDU chassis has.
To use the dual power supply with dc power: Make sure the switch is in the DC position; then follow the instructions below for dc power supplies. Labels on dual power supply A label on the dual ac or dc power supply warns: WARNING MULTIPLE POWER CONNECTORS. DISCONNECT BOTH AC & DC POWER BEFORE SERVICING. Servicing personnel must heed this warning. Note that the IDU and power supply should be serviced only by HNS.
Additional instructions If the power supply is a dual ac or dc unit, follow the instructions in the following sections for both ac and dc power supplies. AC power supply IDU chassis with an ac power supply (figure 3-7) or dual ac or dc power supply are equipped with a recessed IEC–320–C13 connector and a 7.5–foot (2.3–meter) power cable (HNS 9003024–0013). The power cable includes a NEMA 5–15–P plug to connect to the power source (receptacle).
Grounding the ac IDU chassis Important: In the United States and some international markets, the required ground bond is provided by the grounding conductor in the cable and ac service conductors. If grounding is provided through the grounding conductor and service conductors, no additional grounding is required. In environments where ac grounding conductors are not available, a separate bonding conductor is required. If a separate bonding conductor is required, ground the ac power supply as follows: 1.
Connecting ac power WARNING The IDU chassis must be solidly bonded to a low–impedance ground (earth) source. To avoid the risk of electric shock and/or equipment damage, do not apply power to the IDU chassis without a ground reference. CAUTION If the ODU and lightning arrestor are not connected to the IFL, do not power on the IDU chassis without first making sure the IFL is not connected to the IDU chassis. Failure to observe this instruction could result in damage to the equipment.
DC power supply Figure 3-9 shows an IDU chassis with a dc power supply. A power cable is not supplied with the dc IDU chassis because cable requirements vary, depending on where the chassis will be used. The power input requirement for the dc power supply (and dc portion of the dual ac or dc power supply) is –42 to –56 Vdc.
Grounding the dc IDU chassis Ground IDU chassis with a dc power supply as follows: 1. Use a 2–hole lug to connect a No. 14 AWG ground wire to the ground terminals on the front of the power supply (figure 3-10). DC power supply T0006049 Ground terminals Figure 3-10 Ground terminals on dc power supply 2. Connect the other end of the ground wire to the rack ground bar. If the IDU chassis is not rack mounted, connect the ground wire to a ground point such as a water pipe or building steel.
CAUTION If the ODU and lightning arrestor are not connected to the IFL, do not power on the IDU chassis without first making sure the IFL is not connected to the IDU chassis. Failure to observe this instruction could result in damage to the equipment. To connect power cables from the dc power source (usually a rectifier) to the dc power supply, follow the steps below. 1. 2. 3. Measure the voltage level of the power source to verify it can accommodate the total IDU and ODU power requirements.
• Follow steps 5 through 14 to insert the power cable wires into the power supply terminal block: Unplug the terminal block from the power supply socket. (-)48VDC (+)RETURN 5. Power supply Plug-in terminal block hb108 6. Strip both wires from the power source to about ¼ inch (6 centimeters) from the end. Note: Wires used with the terminal block must meet these specifications: 7. 8. Composition Solid or stranded Wire cross–sectional area 0.2 to 2.
9. 10. Lay the terminal block on a flat surface, with the wire entry holes facing up. Use a small, flat–blade screwdriver (or similar tool) to press in the tab above the wire entry hole on the terminal block. Hold the tab in. Terminal block with one wire inserted Press and hold tab to insert wire. Wire entry holes hb004 11. While holding the tab in, insert the stripped wire end.
Insert the terminal block through the conduit opening and guide it up to the socket. (-)48VDC (+)RETURN 15. Socket Conduit opening hb051 Terminal block Plug the terminal block into the power supply terminal socket. ( - ) 4 8 V D C (+)RETURN 16.
17. 18. 19. Snap the strain relief bushing into the conduit opening. Tighten the screw on the strain relief bushing just enough to hold the wires in place. Do not overtighten. Replace the protective plate and tighten the screws. • This completes the power connections. Powering off the dc IDU The chassis does not have a power off/on switch. In normal operation, power is always on.
If the rectifier–to–chassis power circuit does not include a suitable circuit breaker, you can satisfy the disconnect requirement by including a remote power–off switch as shown in figures 3-11 and 3-12. If the power circuit already includes a suitable circuit breaker, skip this section. 1 2 3 4 5 Ground IDU chassis DC power cable Conduit Remote power-off circuit Rectifier T0006052 Figure 3-11 The remote power–off circuit (if needed) is installed between the IDU chassis and dc power source.
WARNING To avoid the risk of electric shock, make sure the dc power source breaker is off before installing a remote power–off circuit. Use a continuity tester to verify that power is off. To install a power–off circuit (if needed), follow these steps: 1. Make sure the rectifier breaker switch is off. 2. Install a UL–approved terminal block inside a UL–approved electrical junction box as shown in figure 3-12.
If you are installing a single–pole remote power–off switch, use a single–pole, single–throw switch rated at 60 Vdc, 15 amperes (minimum): Install jumper 1. In place of jumper 2, wire the switch between the (–) terminal from the rectifier and the (–) terminal from the IDU chassis. • If you installed a switch, follow steps 4 through 9 to test the switch: 4. Place the remote power–off switch in the open position. 5. Replace the junction box cover. 6. Turn on the dc breaker. 7.
3.4 Installing the CCM A channel and control module (CCM) must be installed in the top slot (slot 1) of the IDU chassis. For an RT IDU, the CCM must be a CCM RT (HNS 1027181–0002), as shown in figure 3-13.
1. Wrap the ESD strap snugly around your wrist and connect the alligator clip to one of the ground terminals on the IDU chassis power supply. T0006053 2. 3. Remove the CCM from its ESD protective packaging. Retain the packaging in case it is necessary to return the CCM for repair. Slide the module into the guides on each side of the top chassis module slot (slot 1) and push it firmly into place until the CCM front panel is flush with the front of the chassis. CCM slot RT CCM TM BROADBAND rt024 4.
CCM power–on test (SUDS) Test the CCM for proper operation, as follows: 1. 2. Apply power to the IDU chassis. Observe the LEDs on the CCM front panel: (Red) On: Hardware failure STATUS ALARM OK (Green) On: Normal operation or CCM startup T0009052 3. Also observe the CCM startup diagnostics (SUDS) on the CCM’s front panel LCD: SUDS start on powerup. While they run, the CCM front panel shows the following messages, in the sequence shown.
Static dual port RAM test SUDS SDPRAM Test Static dual port RAM is tested. Serial port 1 test SUDS Ser 1 Test Serial port 1 is tested. Serial port 2 test SUDS Ser 2 Test Serial port 2 is tested. Successful test completion This message indicates that startup diagnostics have successfully completed: SUDS Completed Failure indication If a failure occurs during any of the tests listed above, the LCD message sequence stops.
3.5 SSIs Service–specific interface modules (SSIs) provide interfaces to support specific network services. SSI types used depend on the needs of the customer network.
DS3–TDM The DS3–TDM SSI, shown in figure 3-17, provides a structured or transparent D3 service link between the HT and RT. Link status LEDs DS 3 TDM SSI STATUS Tx ALARM ALARM OK OK Rx T0006022 SSI status LEDs BNC Rx connector BNC Tx connector Figure 3-17 DS3–TDM SSI The maximum cable length for a DS3–TDM SSI is 450 feet (137.2 meters). Universal–DS1 The Universal–DS1 SSI, shown in figure 3-18, provides a link to the HT that can carry up to eight T1 or eight E1 lines.
DS3–transparent The DS3–transparent SSI, shown in figure 3-20, supports an unencumbered DS3 point–to–point service. The DS3 framing structure, clocking, and control bits are transported without visibility to the AIReach Broadband system. Link status LEDs DS 3 TRNSP SSI STATUS Tx T0006023 ALARM ALARM OK OK Rx SSI status LEDs BNC Rx connector BNC Tx connector Figure 3-20 DS3–transparent SSI The maximum cable length for a DS3–transparent SSI is 450 feet (137.2 meters).
Module status LEDs Included on: All SSIs and FEMs (Red) On: Hardware failure STATUS Flashing: TDM bus communication failure ALARM OK (Green) On: Normal operation or module startup T0009035 Link status LEDs Included on: DS3–TDM, DS3–ATM, and DS–3 transparent SSIs IDU FEM and EIDU FEM LED indications are the same for SSIs and FEMs. (Red) On: Alarm (Green) On: Normal operation SSI Arrows point to link status LEDs.
Line status LEDs Included on: Quad–DS1 and Universal DS–1 SSIs PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3 PORT 4 T0009037 Both LEDs off: Port in service no alarms present (Red) On: Port in service - red alarm (Loss of signal or loss of frame) 1027144–0001 Revision D PORT 1 RT installation PO (Yellow) On: Port in service - yellow alarm or test condition present Installing indoor RT equipment 3–31
SSI physical configuration Look at the hub network schematic or other configuration document to determine: • How many SSIs to install • What type(s) of SSIs to install • Which SSI to install in each IDU chassis slot Installing SSIs Follow these steps to install SSIs: CAUTION To maintain proper airflow and protect against RF interference, keep any empty chassis slots covered with blank panels. 1.
2. Wrap the ESD strap snugly around your wrist and connect the alligator clip to one of the ground terminals on the front of the IDU chassis power supply. T0006053 3. 4. 5. Remove the SSI from its ESD protective packaging. Retain the packaging in case it is necessary to return the SSI for repair. Slide the SSI into the guides on each side of the chassis SSI slot and push it firmly into place until the front of the SSI is flush with the front of the IDU chassis.
3.6 Installing expansion IDUs (EIDUs) If more than 4 SSIs are required at a single site, or SSIs need to be physically distributed (on different floors, for example), one or more expansion IDUs (EIDUs) may be installed, at remote sites only. A single IDU can accommodate up to 4 EIDUs (16 SSI slots) as shown in figure 3-22. Fiber extender modules (FEMs) and multimode fiber cable are used to link EIDUs to the IDU. The FEM links carry both ATM and TDM traffic.
Power supplies EIDU power supply specifications and requirements are the same as those for the IDU chassis. To connect power to the EIDU chassis, refer to section 3.3. Two type of FEMs The IDU–EIDU subsystem includes two types of fiber extender modules (FEMs), which facilitate the fiber links between the IDU and the EIDU: • IDU FEMs – IDU FEMs provide the interface on the IDU for the link to/from the EIDU (as shown in figure 3-22).
Figure 3-25 shows an IDU FEM and an EIDU FEM, their SC connectors, and other front panel features.
Wrist strap rt063 Connect to IDU or EIDU chassis ground terminal. Figure 3-26 ESD wrist strap 2. 3. 4. Wrap the ESD strap snugly around your wrist and connect the alligator clip to one of the ground terminals on the front of the chassis power supply. Remove the FEM from its ESD protective packaging. Retain the packaging in case it is necessary to return the FEM for repair.
7. 8. If any chassis slots are empty, cover the slot with a blank panel. (If you need additional blank panels, order HNS part 1026730–0001.) Connect each EIDU FEM to an IDU FEM, as illustrated in figure 3-22. If you are installing multiple EIDUs, you can connect any EIDU FEM to any IDU FEM. Use 62.5/125–micrometer multimode optical fiber cable terminated with SC connectors to connect the FEMs. An SC connector is shown below.
Chapter 4 RT INSTALLATION Installing IFL cables This chapter includes: • Handling materials – page 4–2 • IFL cable specifications– page 4–3 • Overview: IFL plan – page 4–4 • Determining the IFL cable route – page 4–5 • Penetrating the roof – page 4–6 • Installing the penetration sleeve – page 4–7 • Installing the IFL cable inside the building – page 4–8 • Installing the RT lightning arrestor – page 4–9 • Installing the IFL cable on the roof – page 4–13 • Testing the IFL cable – page 4–14 Appendix C covers
4.1 Handling materials Depending on the installation location, you may have to hoist the mount kit, ballast (concrete blocks), IFL cable, and tools to the rooftop as shown in figure 4-1. Using two or more people for this task will save considerable time.
4.2 IFL cable specifications The intrafacility (IFL) cable specified for AIReach Broadband installations is a Type 3 VSAT coaxial cable, HNS 1010812–0001 (1,000–foot / 305–meter spool). This cable is non plenum, CMG UL/C (UL) approved. An acceptable alternative is LMR–400 plenum cable (available from Times Microwave Systems, Wallingford, CT). For additional specifications, see the Hub and Remote Terminal Site Preparation Guide.
4.3 Overview: IFL plan Figure 4-2 shows the IFL and lightning arrestor. A lightning arrestor is required on the roof at the IFL building penetration point.
Detailed instructions for installing the IFL and lightning arrestor are included in the following sections. 4.4 Determining the IFL cable route Determine the IFL cable route, from ODU to IDU. Consider the guidelines below. Every building and rooftop is unique; for this reason, some of these guidelines may not apply to your installation: • The most important considerations are the ODU and IDU • • • • • • • • locations and the building entry point.
4.5 Penetrating the roof Follow the steps below to drill a hole for the IFL cable only when there is not an existing entry you can use. 1. Go to the roof. 2. Determine where the IFL cable will penetrate the roof. Refer to the RT rooftop drawings. Before you drill, consider these guidelines: • Important: Do not penetrate any part of the building structure without first making sure you have the explicit permission of the customer and building owner.
4.6 Installing the penetration sleeve The IFL cable must be routed through a penetration sleeve before it is connected to the lightning arrestor. The lightning arrestor is attached to the penetration sleeve after cable installation. 1. Use twelve screws to attach the RT penetration sleeve (sleeve and coupling) to the building surface at the building penetration point. See figure 4-4. The type of screw used depends on the roof thickness and surface composition. The screws must hold the sleeve securely.
4.7 Installing the IFL cable inside the building You install the IFL cable in two segments, as shown in figure 4-2 (page 4–4). To install the first cable segment—from the IDU chassis location to the lightning arrestor—follow the instructions and guidelines below. Because every building has unique features, it is not possible to give exact instructions. 1. 2. Measure the cable run length from the IDU chassis location to the lightning arrestor location (IFL building entry point).
4.8 Installing the RT lightning arrestor All AIReach Broadband IFL cables must connect to a grounded lightning arrestor (provided by HNS) at the building penetration point, as shown in figure 4-2 (page 4–4) and explained in this section. WARNING To help avoid death, injury, or damage from a lightning strike, you must install a lightning arrestor where the IFL enters the building. Figure 4-5 identifies the components of a typical RT lightning arrestor.
Connecting the IFL cable to the RF arrestor Follow these steps to route the IFL cable through the lightning arrestor and then connect the cable to the RF arrestor: 1. Attach an RF arrestor to the arrestor body with a 3/4–inch (19–millimeter) nut. See figure 4-6. The illustrated lightning arrestor design can accommodate one or two RF arrestors, to provide protection for one or two IFL cables. Location of second arrestor, if 2 IFLs are installed.
rt036 Location of second arrestor, if 2 IFLs are installed. Figure 4-8 Connecting the IFL cable to the arrestor 5. 6. Attaching the arrestor to the penetration sleeve Working from inside the arrestor body, use a wrench to tighten the restraining fitting. If you are installing a second IFL cable, repeat steps 1 through 5. Attach the lightning arrestor to the penetration sleeve: 1. 2. Slide the lightning arrestor over the sleeve, as shown in figure 4-9.
Grounding the RT lightning arrestor Follow these steps to ground the lightning arrestor: 1. Ground bar Connect one end of the ground cable (No. 6 AWG or greater, green) to the lightning arrestor ground bar, as shown in figure 4-10. Single-hole compression lug Ground cable No. 6 AWG or greater To ground point rt051 Figure 4-10 RT lightning arrestor grounding connections 2. Route the ground cable to the ground point. When routing the ground cable, you must: • Secure the ground cable at 5–foot (1.
4.9 Installing the IFL cable on the roof Connecting to the lightning arrestor To install the second IFL cable segment—from the lightning arrestor to the ODU—follow the instructions and guidelines below. Because every rooftop has unique features, it is not possible to give exact instructions. Connect the IFL to the lightning arrestor as follows: 1. 2. Measure the cable run length from the lightning arrestor to the ODU.
5. Connect the IFL cable to the RF arrestor, as shown in figure 4-11. You connect the other end of the cable to the ODU later, after you install the ODU. Ground wire To ODU IFL T0009013 N connector N connector RF arrestor Figure 4-11 Connecting the IFL to the RF arrestor Do not apply permanent weatherproofing until the RT has been commissioned and tested. If the weather is wet or windy, a temporary tape seal is recommended. Weatherproofing is covered in section 8.1.
Finishing the cable installation After running the cable, finish the cable installation as follows: 1. Support the cable above the roof surface with a cable trough or wood blocks approximately 4 inches by 4 inches by 4 inches (10 centimeters by 10 centimeters by 10 centimeters): hb010 2. 3. 4. 1027144–0001 Revision D Tie down cable runs on the roof and at the IDU location with tie–wraps. Seal the IFL rooftop entry point with weatherproofing caulk.
Chapter 5 RT INSTALLATION Installing mast mounts This chapter includes: • Overview – page 5–2 • ODU location – page 5–3 • Roof types – page 5–3 • Mast mount types – page 5–3 • Standard nonpenetrating mount – page 5–4 • Existing structures – page 5–11 DANGER Do not work on a ladder or roof without first reading the safety warnings on page x of this manual. Failure to observe these warnings could result in personal injury or death.
5.1 Overview Typically, the installers assemble a nonpenetrating roof mount for each ODU to be installed. In some cases, a different type of mast mount may be used, or an existing structure may be used. The mount supports the mast in a vertical or horizontal position, and the ODU is mounted on the mast, as shown in figure 5-1.
5.2 ODU location Site preparation personnel specify the ODU location as part of preparing the RT rooftop drawing. 1. Use the RT rooftop drawing to determine where to install the mount (at the ODU location) and locate the IFL entry point. Make sure the roof penetration or entry point for the IFL is suitable. 2. Important: The location(s) used for ODU installation must meet the requirements listed in the Hub and Remote Terminal Site Preparation Guide.
5.5 Standard nonpenetrating mount The standard nonpenetrating roof mount, HNS 9200375–0001, is a flat, metal–frame mount assembled from a kit. It requires a 6.5–by–6.5–foot space (1.98 by 1.98 meters) and includes a 7–foot (2.1–meter) mast. You install the mount on a rubber pad; concrete blocks are added for ballast. The standard mount can be used on a variety of flat roof types, as detailed below. Instructions are given below for various types of roofs.
Figure 5-3 identifies the main mount components. Mast Mast brace angle Outer base angle Inner brace angle Rubber pad Diagonal base angle rt015 Figure 5-3 Mount components • Follow steps 3 through 10 to assemble the mount. 3. Place the mount’s four outer base angles on the rubber pad. 4. Place the mount’s diagonal base angles on the rubber pad and connect them to the outer base angles at the locations circled in figure 5-4.
5. Place the mast between the diagonal base angles. Secure the diagonal base angles to the mast as shown in figure 5-5. 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 rt014 Bolt Flat washer Lock washer Hex nut Figure 5-5 Attaching the diagonal base angles to the mast Diagonal base angles opposite each other are secured to the mast with one set of hardware as shown below.
6. Attach the mast brace angles to the mast. See figure 5-6. 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 rt041 Carriage bolt Flat washer Lock washer Hex nut Figure 5-6 Attaching the mast brace angles to the mast Mast brace angles opposite each other are secured to the mast with one set of hardware as shown below.
7. Place the inner brace angles on the rubber pad and connect them to the diagonal base angles and mast brace angles as shown in figure 5-7. 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 rt016 Carriage bolt Flat washer Lock washer Hex nut Figure 5-7 Attaching inner brace angles to diagonal base angles and mast brace angles 8. 5–8 Installing mast mounts Refer to the Site Data Record (from the site survey) to determine how many concrete blocks are required to anchor the mount.
9. Place the concrete blocks on the mount so they are evenly spaced, with the ends of each block anchoring both the inner and outer base angles, as shown in figure 5-8. T0009060 Figure 5-8 Proper placement of concrete blocks on the mount 10. Corrugated metal When the mount installation is complete, if the roof is covered with gravel, replace gravel up to the outside edges of the mount. See figure 5-8. Do not replace gravel in the area inside the mount base. Leave the rubber pad exposed.
5. Lay out the 4 x 4s, as shown in figure 5-9, so that each piece is: - In the recessed portion of the roof - Parallel to the raised seams - Equally spaced to support the mast, mount braces and sides, and concrete blocks, as shown in figure 5-9. Lay the lumber with the pad side down, so that the pad is between the roof and the lumber.
5.6 Using existing structures as ODU mounts In some cases, you may be able to mount an ODU to an existing structure, such as a tower built to support communications antennas. The key factors for determining if an existing structure can be used as mast are that the structure must: • Be securely attached to the building (and capable of sustaining specified wind loadings). • Have an outside diameter of 2.0 to 4.5 inches. • Meet line of sight (LOS) requirements.
Chapter 6 RT INSTALLATION Installing ODUs This chapter explains how to install RT ODUs.
6.1 Introduction For conceptual reference, figure 6-1 illustrates how hub terminal (HT) ODUs communicate with remote terminal (RT) ODUs. The remote terminal (RT) outdoor unit (ODU) and integrated antenna attach to a mount installed on a vertical or horizontal mast, as shown in figure 6-2.
Antenna ODU transceiver Mast T0009055 Figure 6-2 ODU (installed) Safety warnings When installing ODUs, observe the following safety warnings: DANGER Do not work on a ladder or roof without first reading the safety warnings on page x of this manual. Failure to observe these warnings could result in personal injury or death. WARNING Potential radio frequency (RF) hazard: • Keep away from the front of the outdoor unit (ODU) antenna while the ODU is operating.
Prerequisites Before you can install and commission the outdoor RT equipment: • The hub must be installed and operational. • The RT ESN (electronic serial number) must be entered in the EMS database. • The mast must be installed. The mast must have an outside diameter of 2.0 to 4.5 inches (5.5 to 11.4 centimeters) and must be securely mounted in a vertical or horizontal position. If the mast is not installed, you will need to install it before you proceed.
6.3 Preparing to install the antenna mount The antenna mount (HNS 1029056–0005) is shipped fully assembled. Figure 6-3 shows an exploded view to show all the parts. However, you do not need to take the mount apart to install it, unless you need to reverse the mast clamp. (The mast clamp is reversible, as explained later.
Important: To correctly install the antenna mount, read and carefully follow all instructions in this section (6.3) through section 6.7. Prepare the mount for installation: 1. Turn the fine azimuth adjuster as necessary to position the clevis (barrel) approximately in the middle of the threaded part of the adjuster. See figure 6-4. This step ensures that you will be able to adjust the adjuster as necessary in either direction. Do not turn the nut behind the block that holds the fine azimuth adjuster.
ODU height Determine (approximately) how high on the mast to install the mount: 1. Determine the approximate desired antenna installation height: The ODU/antenna must be installed in line of sight with the hub terminal (HT), with no obstructions. As a general rule, install the RT ODU as high as possible on the mast to avoid obstructions, unless the work order or RF survey specifies the ODU height. 2. Refer to figure 6-5 for the mount position relative to the position of the (not yet installed) antenna.
6.4 Installing the antenna mount Follow the steps below to install the antenna mount. 1. Determine which side of the mast clamp to use: Use this side against the mast if the mast outside diameter is less than 3.5 inches (8.9 centimeters). Mast clamp T0009024 Use this side against the mast if the mast outside diameter is 3.5 inches (8.9 centimeters) or larger. 2. One side of the mast clamp has two open–end bolt holes that allow the long bolts that are attached to the mast interface to swing in or out.
3. 4. Place the mount on the mast, as shown in figure 6-7. The fine azimuth adjuster must be on the side of the mount opposite the HT direction, as illustrated in figure 6-7. This allows you to make azimuth and elevation adjustments from behind the antenna, so you can stay out of the beam area. To get the azimuth adjuster on the side opposite the HT direction, you may have to turn the entire mount 180°, depending on whether the ODU will be mounted to the left or right of the mast.
6.5 Attaching the antenna to the mount Checking the radome drain position Follow the instructions in this section to attach the antenna to the mount. Before mounting the antenna, check to make sure the radome drain groove and clamp are at the bottom of the antenna, with respect to the position the antenna will be in when it is mounted. See figures 6-8 and 6-9. Drain groove T0009026 Clamp: 20 inch-pounds (2.
Note: The RT antenna can be rotated 180°, as shown below, to attach to a mount to the right or left. If you rotate the antenna this way, make sure the radome drain will be at the bottom of the antenna, when mounted. T0009004 Figure 6-9 The RT antenna can be rotated to attach to the right or left If the radome drain groove is at the bottom of the antenna, proceed to section 6.6. Changing the drain position If the drain groove is not at the bottom of the antenna, rotate the radome panel as follows: 1. 2.
Attaching the antenna Attach the antenna to the mount as follows: 1. 2. With the radome facing the HT direction, position the round, flat surface of the antenna bracket approximately 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) from the mast interface. Rotate the antenna approximately 45° away from the HT until the antenna bracket reliefs (curved indentations) are aligned with the four nuts on the mast interface, as shown in figure 6-10.
4. Rotate the antenna approximately 45° toward the HT, to the upright (or nearly upright) position, as shown in figure 6-11—then finger tighten the antenna bracket locking nuts. The antenna is now “captured” by the antenna mount. However, because the antenna bracket nuts are not fully tightened, you can rotate the antenna to adjust its elevation.
6.6 Initial (coarse) antenna azimuth adjustment To adjust the antenna azimuth (horizontal pointing direction), you move the antenna and mount to the left or right, as illustrated in figure 6-12. You adjust the azimuth until the antenna is pointed at the HT. Mast Top view Left Antenna azimuth can be Pointing direction adjusted + 10°. by _ HT T0009029 Right RT antenna Figure 6-12 Antenna azimuth adjustment (to right or left) You adjust the antenna azimuth in two stages: 1. 2.
Coarse azimuth adjustment Obtain a coarse azimuth adjustment as follows: 1. Stand behind the antenna so you can see through the antenna boresight (shown in figure 6-13). Boresight Antenna bracket rt026 Figure 6-13 Boresight location 2.
3. When the azimuth is properly adjusted, use a torque wrench with a deep socket to tighten the four mast clamp nuts to 16 foot–pounds torque (21.7 Newton– meters). See figure 6-15. Tighten each bolt a little at a time, moving from bolt to bolt in an X pattern. CAUTION Correct torque is essential for successful installation and adjustment. Tighten nuts to the exact torque stated. Incorrect torque may result in damage to equipment. Mast clamp nuts (Only 2 of the 4 nuts are visible in this illustration.
6.7 Initial (coarse) antenna elevation adjustment To adjust the antenna elevation (upward or downward pointing direction), you rotate the antenna upward or downward, as illustrated in figure 6-16, until the elevation is set as desired. Side view Upward elevation 0° elevation Antenna (front) Downward elevation T0009030 Figure 6-16 Antenna elevation adjustment (upward or downward adjustment) You adjust the antenna elevation in two stages: 1. 2.
Coarse elevation adjustment Obtain a coarse elevation adjustment as follows: 1. Using the boresight for reference, rotate the antenna (by hand) as shown in figure 6-16 until you can see the HT in the vertical center of the boresight, with no shadow inside the top or bottom of the boresight. See figure 6-14. If the antenna does not rotate freely, loosen each of the antenna bracket nuts slightly. (You should not need to use the fine elevation adjuster until you point the antenna with the voltmeter.
6.8 Installing a mechanical attenuator You must use a mechanical attenuator (figure 6-19) if: • The RT is within 328 feet to 1,312 feet (100 to 400 meters) of the HT. • The RT pointing voltage, obtained from a voltmeter, exceeds 4.1 volts. • The installation work order instructs you to use it. If none of these applies, go on to section 6.9.
Inserting the attenuator Follow these steps to install the mechanical attenuator: 1. 2. Locate the circular waveguide on the rear of the antenna. See figure 6-20. Insert the mechanical attenuator in the circular waveguide, as shown in figure 6-20. Important: Do not fully insert the mechanical attenuator. Ensure that part of the attenuator is exposed so it can be removed if necessary. Insert attenuator here.
6.9 Attaching the transceiver to the antenna Follow these steps to attach the transceiver to the antenna: 1. Remove the plastic plug from the antenna waveguide and the plastic cap from the transceiver coupling. CAUTION Always keep the waveguide and coupling plugs in place when the transceiver is detached from the antenna, to prevent contamination. 2. Position the transceiver so its four mounting bolts are aligned with the four grooves on the antenna flange, as shown in figure 6-21.
3. Rotate the transceiver, making sure the transceiver’s mounting bolts slide into the grooves in the antenna flange. (The direction of rotation depends on the orientation of the antenna bracket—to the right or left.) If the mounting bolts will not slide into the grooves, loosen the bolts. See figure 6-22. Rotate transceiver to slide bolts into grooves. (Rotation direction depends on orientation of antenna bracket to right or left.) Mounting bolts must be fully inserted in flange grooves.
6.10 Grounding the ODU Grounding the ODU requires several connections, as shown in figure 6-23. In making the ground connections, follow these practices: • For all ODU ground connections, use compression connectors (such as compression lugs or compression clamps). • For all threaded ground connections, use a flat washer and lock washer (with the lock washer next to the nut). Ground the ODU as follows: 1. Connect one end of the ground cable (No.
1. ODU ground connector View from rear Transceiver Single-hole compression lug Ground cable No. 6 AWG or greater Apply anti-oxidant and heat shrink to all ground lugs. Transceiver 3. Antenna 2. Bolted joint on mast mount Ground point on roof (Shown: Bond to structural steel) ODU side view End view Ground cable Clamp-type ground connector. Strip cable at clamp.
Lightning protection Lightning protection is provided by grounding the ODU as stated above and installing a lightning arrestor where the IFL cable enters the roof (as explained in section 4.8). The ODU ground and IFL lightning arrestor must both be bonded to the same ground (reference) point. 6.11 Connecting the IFL to the ODU Connect the IFL to the ODU as shown in figure 6-24.
Chapter 7 RT INSTALLATION Commissioning the RT This chapter includes: • Prerequisites for commissioning – page 7–2 • Connecting the IFL to the CCM – page 7–3 • Front panel LCD operation – page 7–4 • Pointing the antenna – page 7–8 • Verifying HT acquisition – page 7–13 • • • • Entering an attenuator value – page 7–13 Checking the CCM, SSI, and ODU status – page 7–14 Verifying the RT’s operational state – page 7–17 RT to HT connection tests – page 7–18 Commissioning refers to final installation, adjustme
7.1 Prerequisites for commissioning To ensure successful commissioning, you must verify that the prerequisites listed below have been accomplished. These tasks must all be completed prior to commissioning. If any of them has not been done, make sure they are completed before you proceed with commissioning. The RT ODU, IFL, and IDU must be installed and connected.
7.2 Connecting the IFL to the CCM (IDU) Connect the IFL cable to the CCM (IDU): 1. 2. Go to the IDU location. Make sure power to the IDU is off (or disconnected). A label on the CCM front panel advises: CAUTION: POWER DOWN ODU BEFORE CONNECTING OR DISCONNECTING IF Removing power from the IDU powers down the ODU. Make sure the IDU is powered off before you connect or disconnect the IFL cable. 3. Using a 90° adapter, connect the IFL (N connector) to the CCM IFL interface, as shown in figure 7-1.
7.3 Front panel LCD operation This section describes how to use the LCD and buttons on the CCM front panel (figure 7-2). You need to use the LCD to commission the RT.
Accessing the LCD Main Menu When the CCM/ IDU is powered up or reset: • SUDS run automatically. • When SUDS are completed, the CCM LCD displays a SUDS Completed message. • The LCD then displays: Initializing Press Enter for Menu To access the CCM LCD Main Menu, press the ENTER button on the CCM front panel while the Initializing screen is displayed. This puts the IDU into diagnostic mode.
LCD menu map The menu map (figure 7-3) shows the available menu options for RTs. Note: Menu options are not the same for RTs and HTs.
CCM button functions The CCM button functions are explained in figure 7-4: TM BROADBAND Main Menu Status T0009050 NEXT Scroll to next menu option PREV ENTER Scroll to previous menu option Select (Selects currently displayed option or menu) Figure 7-4 CCM front panel button functions Exit options If you select Exit from the Main Menu . . . . . . while the system is operating, it remains in operational mode. . . . when the system is not in operational mode, the CCM reboots.
7.4 Pointing the antenna Following the RT antenna installation instructions in chapter 6, you pointed the antenna approximately toward the HT, using the boresight. This section explains how to fine tune the pointing adjustments, using a digital voltmeter. To point the antenna, follow steps 1 through 12 below. Selecting the ODU frequency Before you can point the antenna using the voltmeter, you must first put the IDU into Install mode and select the (RT) ODU frequency, as follows: 1.
frequency as one of the available choices. You will not be able to proceed until the correct ODU is installed. 6. Press ENTER when the LCD shows the correct frequency, for example: Freq Set 8B4 Go to the roof and proceed with steps 7 through 12. While you are pointing the antenna, the LCD shows Freq Acq in Prog (frequency acquisition in progress). When the RT acquiress the HT frequency, the LCD shows Acq Ack: HT 2 (acquisition acknowledged—in this example, frequency acquired from HT 2).
9. Connect a digital voltmeter to the F connector on the ODU, as shown in figure 7-6, and select the 0 to 10 volt or 0 to 5 volt range. Use F connector to connect cable to (center) pointing port.
10. 11. Observe the reading on the voltmeter as you fine adjust the azimuth and elevation (steps 11 and 12): Fine adjust the azimuth: a. Using a wrench, slowly rotate the fine azimuth adjuster (shown in figure 7-7). b. Adjust until you see the highest obtainable voltage reading on the voltmeter. Fine elevation adjuster T0009034 Fine azimuth adjuster Figure 7-7 Fine azimuth adjuster and fine elevation adjuster 12. Fine adjust the elevation: a.
Table 7-1 Voltage indications for RT antenna pointing Peak voltmeter reading Indication Corrective action Current voltage level with oscillation up to 4.1 V. (The reading intermittently peaks at the current voltage level for 2 seconds and then rises to 4.1 V for 1 second.) HT not acquired HT acquisition has not occurred. Continue pointing the antenna. 0.2 V to 3.9 V with no oscillation Correct HT acquired (Corrective action is not required.) Continue with the installation. 3.9 V to 4.
7.5 Verifying HT acquisition Return to the IDU location to verify that the RT has acquired the HT: 1. Observe the CCM LCD to verify that the RT has successfully acquired the HT frequency. The following display indicates that the RT has successfully acquired the HT. Install Acq Ack: HT nnn nnn = HT ID Note: The LCD will display Acq Deny (acquisition denied) if: • The RT’s ESN has not been entered in the EMS database, or • The RT is pointed toward the wrong HT. 7.
7.7 Checking component status Use the LCD Status option to check the status of the CCM, SSIs, and ODU, as explained in the following sections. Note: You can only perform the CCM, SSI, and ODU status checks after the HT has been acquired. Check CCM status Check the CCM status as follows: 1. Press ENTER on the CCM front panel. The LCD shows: Main Menu Install 2. Use the NEXT button to scroll to: Main Menu Status 3. Press ENTER, to go to (select) the Status menu: Status CCM 4.
Check SSI status Check the status of the installed SSIs as follows: (Note that SSIs are not required for commissioning. They can be installed after RT commissioning.) 1. From the Status / CCM display, shown below, Status CCM press the NEXT button to scroll to the SSI status menu: Status SSI 1 2.
Check ODU status Check the status of the ODU as follows: 1. From the Status / SSI 1 display, shown below, Status SSI 1 press NEXT to scroll to the ODU status menu: Status ODU 2. Press ENTER to show the ODU status: ODU OK The possible status conditions for the ODU are: OK Degraded Failed Unknown (as explained on page 7–14) Note: You will not see ODU status information if the ODU is not connected (via the IFL) to the IDU. The status will be Unknown.
7.8 Verifying the RT’s operational state After acquiring the HT, the CCM automatically loads its software and configuration data and becomes operational. This is indicated by RT Enabled on the LCD. Before performing the RT to HT connection tests described in section 7.9, make sure the LCD shows: RT Freq 8B4 Enabled (Frequency is specific to RT) The RT Enabled message indicates that the equipment is operational.
7.9 RT to HT connection tests Perform the applicable tests described below if the newly installed RT meets the listed requirements. If the RT/network does not yet meet these requirements, perform the tests at a later time. DS1 test This test verifies the DS1 connection from the RT to the HT.
RT to HT DS1 test results RT location: ____________________________________________ Test successful? ___ Yes ___ No RSSI __________ If not successful, complete: Bit error rate _______________ Frame slips _______________ Frame errors _______________ Clock slips ________________ Trouble report generated? ___ Yes ___ No If yes, report number: ____________________ If applicable: Faulty module part number ______________________ Serial number _____________________ If applicable: Replacement board part nu
DS3 test This test verifies the DS3 connection from the RT to the HT. Requirements The DS3 test described below requires the following: • The RT must be fully installed, commissioned (except for • • • • tests), and in contact with the EMS through the hub. The HT must be operational and in contact with the EMS. DS3 services must be configured and provisioned. There must be no alarms present at the RT location.
RT to HT DS3 test results RT location: ____________________________________________ Number of configured DS0: ________________________________ Test successful? ___ Yes ___ No RSSI __________ If not successful, complete: Bit error rate _______________ Frame slips _______________ Frame errors _______________ Clock slips ________________ Trouble report generated? ___ Yes ___ No If yes, report number: ____________________ If applicable: Faulty module part number ______________________ Serial number ___
Fractional DS3 test This test verifies the fractional DS3 connection from the HT to the RT. Requirements The fractional DS3 test described below requires the following: • The RT must be fully installed, commissioned (except for • • • • tests), and in contact with the EMS through the hub. The HT must be operational and in contact with the EMS. Fractional DS3/DS1 services must be configured and provisioned. There must be no alarms present at the RT location.
RT to HT fractional DS3 test results RT location: ____________________________________________ Number of DS1s tested ______ Test successful? ___ Yes ___ No RSSI __________ If not successful, complete: Bit error rate _______________ Frame slips _______________ Frame errors _______________ Clock slips ________________ Trouble report generated? ___ Yes ___ No If yes, report number: ____________________ If applicable: Faulty module part number ______________________ Serial number _____________________
Chapter 8 RT INSTALLATION Final steps This chapter describes the final steps to take before you leave the customer site after completing the installation: • Weatherproofing – page 8–2 • Inspection, cleanup, and customer sign–off – page 8–3 • Connecting customer equipment – page 8–3 Safety warnings Observe these safety warnings while performing final inspections and related tasks: DANGER Do not work on a ladder or roof without first reading the safety warnings on page x of this manual.
8.1 Weatherproofing After the RT has been successfully commissioned, go to the ODU and seal all outdoor IFL connections (including connections to the lightning arrestor assembly). Use weatherproofing compound and waterproof tape to protect against moisture penetration: See figure 8-1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Starting at the connector end, wrap waterproof electrical tape around the connector and part of the cable.
8.2 Inspection, cleanup, and sign–off Inspection After all equipment is installed and commissioned, visit each installation area to inspect the equipment and make sure the area is left clean and orderly. Inspect all equipment to make sure: • All cables are dressed (as necessary) and not bent • • • • • Cleanup excessively. All connections are secure. IFL connections are properly waterproofed. IDUs, racks, and ODUs are properly grounded. Antenna mount bolts are tightened.
RT INSTALLATION Chapter 9 Troubleshooting This chapter includes: • Troubleshooting flow charts – page 9–1 • Service information – page 9–6 9.1 Troubleshooting flow charts The troubleshooting flow charts in this chapter will help isolate most problems you might encounter during installation and operation of the AIReach Broadband system. Each flow chart begins with a specific problem, then leads you to specific corrective actions you should take.
Troubleshooting the CCM Problem: CCM will not power up. Is the correct voltage present at the IDU chassis input? No Check power source. No Replace IDU chassis. Yes Does chassis cooling fan operate when power is applied? Yes Replace CCM.
Troubleshooting the CCM - Continued Problem: CCM failed startup diagnostics (SUDS). Replace CCM. Problem: During CCM bootup / hardware initialization, LCD displays any of the following messages, indicating a device failure: Host Cfg Failed PLX Failed PLX IO Failed LAN Failed RCC FPGA Failed BSB FPGA Failed QPIG FPGA Failed Tim syn Failed Replace CCM.
Troubleshooting: RT antenna pointing Problem: Cannot find the HT. Can you detect voltage at the ODU pointing connector? No 1. Select Install from the LCD Main Menu. 2. Point the RT antenna in the direction of the HT. 3. Enter the RT serial number in the EMS database. 4. Make sure the RT ODU frequency is selected via the LCD Freq function. Yes 5. Check IFL cable for continuity, and check IFL connectors. 6. Replace CCM. 7. Replace ODU. 1. Read voltage on voltmeter; refer to table 7-1 . 2.
Troubleshooting: CCM won't download Problem: CCM will not download its software over the air (No "Loading Software" message on LCD.) 1. Replace ODU. 2. Replace CCM.
Troubleshooting: "RT Disabled" Problem: After CCM has downloaded its software, CCM LCD shows "RT Disabled" message. Are SSIs installed and configured? No "RT Disabled" message is normal if SSIs have not been installed and configured. Yes Check CCM, SSIs, and ODU via CCM LCD Status menu. If Status screen shows "CCM Failed" or "SSI(number) Failed" . . . If Status screen shows "ODU Failed" . . . Replace the CCM or indicated SSI. 1. Check IFL cable for continuity. 2. Check IFL cable connectors. 3.
Chapter 10 RT INSTALLATION Maintenance The AIReach Broadband physical system requires no routine maintenance. However, to facilitate expansion, reconfiguration, or repairs, you may need to add, move, or replace components.
10.1 Adding or moving SSIs Notify the EMS operator before you add or move SSIs. Make sure the EMS operator has performed any prerequisite steps that may be necessary before you add or move an SSI. For instructions on replacing SSIs, see section 10.6. CAUTION Always wear a new or recently tested electrostatic discharge (ESD) wrist strap (figure 3-14) when handling circuit modules. Failure to use a wrist strap may result in damage to components.
10.2 Replacing components The following RT components can be replaced at the installation site if a problem is attributed to the component: • • • • • ODU IDU chassis CCM SSIs IFL Specific instructions for replacing each component follow, in sections 10.3 through 10.7. 10.3 Replacing the ODU If the ODU is faulty, you normally replace the transceiver only (which contains the ODU electronics).
Replacing the transceiver To replace the transceiver, follow these steps: Removing the existing transceiver 1. 2. 3. Make sure the EMS operator has taken the RT out of service. At the IDU location: Remove power from the IDU chassis power supply. On the roof: Disconnect the ground cable and IFL from the ODU transceiver, as shown in figure 10-1.
4. Loosen the four transceiver mounting bolts (shown in figure 10-2). Rotate transceiver to slide bolts out of grooves. (Rotation direction depends on orientation of antenna bracket to right or left.) Antenna Transceiver Antenna flange Flange groove T0009018 Mounting bolt (Attached to transceiver) Waveguide Figure 10-2 Removing the transceiver 5. Rotate the transceiver until the bolts slide out of the four grooves in the antenna bracket.
Installing the replacement transceiver 7. To install the replacement transceiver, follow the steps in section 6.9 (page 6–21). Important: If a mechanical attenuator was previously installed in the antenna waveguide, make sure it is still in place in the waveguide before you attach the transceiver to the antenna. 8. Connect the IFL cable to the IFL connector on the transceiver. 9. Ground the ODU, as explained in section 6.10 (page 6–23). 10.
Replacing the antenna If you need to replace the antenna, follow these steps: Removing the existing antenna 1. Remove the transceiver (steps 1 through 6 above, beginning on page 10–4). Be sure to remove power from the IDU chassis power supply. Important: A mechanical attenuator may be installed (previously) in the antenna waveguide. If an attenuator is installed, make sure it does not get lost or misplaced. Leave the attenuator in the waveguide.
3. Rotate the antenna (clockwise or counterclockwise) until the antenna bracket reliefs (curved indentations) are aligned with the four nuts on the mast interface, as shown in figure 10-4. Antenna mount Nut Relief Antenna bracket Close-up view Rotate antenna and antenna bracket until reliefs are aligned with the 4 antenna bracket locking nuts. T0009044 Figure 10-4 Removing the antenna 4. 5. 10–8 Maintenance Move the antenna away from the mast interface.
Installing the replacement antenna 6. Attach the replacement antenna to the mount, as explained in section 6.5 (page 6–10). 7. Point the replacement antenna by adjusting the azimuth and elevation as detailed in chapter 6. 8. Attach the transceiver to the antenna, as explained in section 6.9 (page 6–21). Important: If a mechanical attenuator was previously installed in the antenna waveguide, make sure it is still in place in the waveguide before you attach the transceiver to the antenna. 9.
10.4 Replacing the IDU chassis Do not attempt to service or replace the IDU chassis power supply. If there is a problem with the power supply, replace the entire IDU chassis. To replace the IDU chassis, follow these steps: If you need additional details concerning the instructions below, see chapter 3. Removing the existing IDU chassis 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Make sure the EMS operator has taken the RT out of service. Remove power from the IDU chassis power supply.
6. Place the CCM in its ESD protective packaging. 7. Remove all SSIs: a. Using a piece of tape on the SSI front panel, mark the slot number where each SSI was installed. b. Loosen the thumbscrews at each end. c. Using an ESD wrist strap connected to a chassis ground terminal, slide the SSI out of its slot. 8. Place each SSI in ESD protective packaging. 9. If the IDU chassis is rack mounted, remove the four mounting screws and remove the chassis from the rack. 10.
10.5 Replacing the CCM If you need to replace the CCM, follow these steps: If you need additional details concerning the instructions below, see section 3.4 (page 3–23). Removing the existing CCM 1. 2. 3. 4. Make sure the EMS operator has taken the RT out of service. Remove power from the IDU chassis power supply. Loosen the thumbscrews at each end of the (existing) CCM. Using an ESD wrist strap connected to a chassis ground terminal, slide the CCM out of its slot, as shown in figure 10-6.
10.6 Replacing SSIs To replace an SSI, follow the steps below. SSIs are hot swappable, so you do not need to power off the IDU to replace an SSI. If you need additional details concerning the instructions below, see section 3.5 (page 3–27). Removing the SSI 1. 2. 3. Note which slot the SSI to be replaced is in. Loosen the thumbscrews at each end of the SSI. Using an ESD wrist strap connected to a chassis ground terminal, slide the SSI out of its slot.
10.7 Replacing the IFL If you suspect problems with the IFL, check all IFL connections and then test the IFL. Replace the IFL only if there is a known problem that cannot be corrected any other way. DANGER Do not work on a ladder or roof without first reading the safety warnings on page x of this manual. Failure to observe these warnings could result in personal injury or death.
Environments where IFL cables are installed vary widely. Therefore, use the general instructions below as guidelines. If you need to replace the IFL: 1. 2. 3. Make sure the EMS operator has taken the RT out of service. Remove power from the IDU chassis power supply.
10.8 Dismantling an RT If you need to dismantle an entire RT, follow the steps below. DANGER Do not work on a ladder or roof without first reading the safety warnings on page x of this manual. Failure to observe these warnings could result in personal injury or death. WARNING Potential radio frequency (RF) hazard: • Keep away from the front of the outdoor unit (ODU) antenna while the ODU is operating. Note that you cannot tell from outward appearance whether the ODU is operating or not.
Appendix A Acronyms and abbreviations ac – alternating current ATM – asynchronous transfer mode AWG – American wire gauge BER – bit error rate BSP – baseband signal processor C – Celsius CCM – channel and control module cm – centimeter CMR – communication riser CPU – central processing unit dB – decibel dc – direct current DRAM – dynamic RAM EIDU – expansion indoor unit EMS – Element Management System ESD – electrostatic discharge ESN – electronic serial number F – Fahrenheit FCC – Federal Communications C
Appendix B Standards compliance This appendix includes standards compliance information for the AIReach Broadband outdoor unit (ODU) and ac power indoor unit (IDU). Information is included for: • Interference standards compliance • Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
B.1 Outdoor unit This section provides information on the AIReach Broadband outdoor unit (ODU). FCC compliance This equipment complies with Part 15 of United States Federal Communication Commission (FCC) Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
B.2 Indoor unit (ac) FCC compliance This section provides information on the AIReach Broadband ac power indoor unit (IDU). This equipment complies with Part 15 of United States Federal Communication Commission (FCC) Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Appendix C Terminating the IFL cable This appendix explains in detail how to terminate the IFL cable ends by attaching an N–type connector.
C.1 Cable parts and terminology Figure C-1 shows the main cable components. IFL cable, terminated - shown without heat-shrink tubing N connector N connector Outer jacket Braid Center conductor (solid or stranded copper) Dielectric (foam or flexible plastic) hb013 7/32 inch (6 millimeters) Figure C-1 IFL cable components HNS kit 9006284–0002 contains two N connectors.
C.2 Preparing the cable end Prepare the cable end as follows: 1. 2. 3. Inspect the cable end for damage from handling and trim off any damaged portions. Cut the cable as cleanly and squarely as possible. Slip the crimp ring and a piece of heat–shrink tubing (HNS9007488–0005) onto the cable, as shown in figure C-2. Heat-shrink tubing Crimp ring Butt-cut cable end hb014 Figure C-2 Slipping the crimp ring and heat–shrink tubing onto the cable 4.
Gold-colored cable stop Stripper jaws Butt-cut cable end Barrel 1. Insert cable into barrel. 2. Squeeze and rotate tool to strip cable. 3. Remove jacket and dielectric to expose center conductor.
5. 6. Using a razor knife, carefully slit the outer jacket as shown in figure C-4. Cut around the cable; then cut from the cable end to the first cut. Cut completely through the jacket, but do not cut into the braid. Using the razor knife or a pair of diagonal cutters, lift the jacket and peel it away as shown in figure C-4. Remove jacket. 1 2 hb016 5/8 inch (16 millimeters) Figure C-4 Cutting and removing the jacket 7.
8. Flare the braid slightly and trim to 7/16 inch (11 millimeters), as shown in figure C-5. 7/16 inch (11 millimeters) Jacket hb093 Braid Figure C-5 Braid, flared and trimmed 9. Cut approximately 1/4 inch (6 millimeters) of the excess braid so that all braids will be under the crimp ring when the connector is completed. C.3 Attaching the connector The following steps explain how to attach the IFL (N) connector. The same type of connector is used at both ends.
To install the cable connector, follow these steps. 1. 2. Place the insulating washer against the dielectric. Push the center pin (with guide pin attached) over the cable center conductor, as shown in figure C-7. Crimp area Center pin Guide pin T0006021 Insulating washer Crimp flush with washer. Figure C-7 Installing the insulator and center pin 3. Use the HCT–231 crimp tool (figure C-8) to crimp the center pin flush with the washer, as shown in figure C-7.
4. Follow the instructions in figure C-9 to install the connector body and crimp ring, and remove the guide pin. Guide pin and center pin 1. Insert guide pin through back of connector body until the cable stops. Crimp ring Connector body Center pin Guide pin Ground socket Center pin inside connector body Recess hb022 2. Slide crimp ring over braid and into recess. 3. Remove and discard guide pin. Figure C-9 Installing the connector body and crimp ring 5.
6. Comb the braid only if the crimp ring will not fit over the shoulder and braid. If the crimp ring fits over the shoulder and braid, skip to step 7). a. Insert a pick or scribe into the braid and carefully comb the strands as shown in figure C-10. Start combing at the cut end. Comb the strands around the entire perimeter. Work backward, from the cut end toward the jacket—but always combing away from the jacket, as shown in figure C-10.
7. While holding the connector assembly together snugly, position the HCT–231 crimping tool, at setting 0.475, onto the area shown in figure C-11 and securely crimp the crimp ring into place. CAUTION To avoid damaging the connector body, make sure the crimping tool does not touch the connector jam nut. Crimp Maximum gap (exposed braid): 0.03 inch (0.8 millimeter) Best if no gap. hb024 Figure C-11 Crimp location Note: If the crimp ring slips and results in a gap greater than 0.03 inch (0.
C.4 Applying heat–shrink tubing Apply the heat–shrink tubing as follows: 1. Position the heat–shrink tubing near (but not touching) the jam nut, so it covers the crimp ring and a portion of the connector collar, as shown in figure C-12. Heat-shrink tubing Crimp ring Collar Jam nut hb026 Figure C-12 Heat–shrink tubing, properly placed for shrinking 2. Using a heat gun, heat-shrink the tubing until it snugly fits around the cable, crimp ring, and part of the connector collar.
Index A B Abbreviations (identified), A- 1 Ballast. See Concrete blocks Access, buildings and equipment locations, 2–2 Bend radius (IFL cable), 4–8, 4–13 Acronyms (identified), A- 1 Blocks.
Commissioning defined, 7–1 pointing the antenna, 7–8 prerequisites, 2–7, 7–2 procedures, 7–1 RT ESN, 7–2 EIDU FEM, 3–35 Electronic serial number. See ESN Element Management System.
G Grounding lightning arrestor, 4–12 ODU, 6–23 power supply ac, 3–11 dc, 3–13, 3–14 dual ac or dc, 3–9 H Handling materials, 4–2 Heat–shrink tubing (for IFL cable) , C–3, C–11 Horizontal mast, 6–2 HT acquisition, 7–13 ID, 7–13 Hub installation, vii I IDU, 3–3 See also IDU chassis components, 3–3 illustrated, 3–3 standards compliance, B–3 IDU chassis See also IDU connecting the IFL, 7–3 dc circuit breaker, 3–19 disconnect device, 3–19 power–off circuit, 3–19 power–on test, 3–22 powering off, 3–19 Install m
LEDs CCM, 3–25 FEMs, 3–29 SSIs, 3–29, 3–33 Lightning arrestor (for IFL), 4–4, 4–9 grounding, 4–12 Lightning protection, 6–25 Liquid crystal display.
Power input requirement ac power supply, 3–10 dc power supply, 3–13 Power supply (IDU), 3–4, 3–8 ac, 3–10 connecting power, 3–12 grounding, 3–11 power input requirement, 3–10 dc, 3–13 connecting power, 3–15 grounding, 3–13, 3–14 power input requirement, 3–13 powering off, 3–19 dual ac or dc, 3–8 See also Power supply (IDU), dc grounding, 3–9 SSIs, 10–13 transceiver, 10–4 Repointing the antenna, 7–12 RF arrestor, 4–10, 4–14 Roof types, 5–3 corrugated metal, 5–9 RT defined, 1–2 dismantling, 10–16 RT Enabled
SUDS, 3–25, 7–4 failure indication, 3–26 test and display sequence, 3–25, 7–4 CCM, 9–2 CCM won’t download, 9–5 RT Disabled message, 9–6 Summary of installation, 1–3 T U Underwriters Laboratories (UL), B–2, B–3 Task checklist, 1–3 Temperature, IDU chassis, 3–5 Universal–DS1 SSI, 3–28 Terminating the IFL cable, 4–8, C–1 Test set, 2–4 Testing DS1 test, 7–18 DS3 test, 7–20 fractional DS3 test, 7–22 IFL cable and connectors, 4–14 RT to HT connections, 7–18 V Voltage indications for antenna pointing, 7–11
