33116.mx-16 HoTT.1.
Contents General Information Safety Notes .................................................................. 3 Safety notes and handling instructions relating to Nickel-Metal-Hydride rechargeable batteries ............ 8 Foreword...................................................................... 10 Description of radio control set .................................... 11 Recommended battery chargers ................................. 13 Transmitter power supply .............................................
Safety Notes Please read carefully! We all want you to have many hours of pleasure in our mutual hobby of modelling, and safety is an important aspect of this. It is absolutely essential that you read right through these instructions and take careful note of all our safety recommendations. We also strongly recommend that you register without delay at http:// www.graupner.
Safety Notes any other installed equipment in the model, but in an easily accessible position. Under no circumstances allow servo leads to run close to the aerial, far less coiled round it! Ensure that cables are fastened securely, so that they cannot move close to the receiver aerial when the model is flying. Deploying the receiver aerial(s) The receiver and its aerials should be installed as far away as possible from all kinds of power system.
Checking the transmitter and receiver batteries It is essential to stop using the radio control system and recharge the batteries well before they are completely discharged. In the case of the transmitter this means – at the very latest – when the message “battery needs charging” appears on the screen, and you hear an audible warning signal. It is vital to check the state of the batteries at regular intervals – especially the receiver pack.
Safety Notes • • • • applicable to mobile transmitting apparatus, the equipment’s aerial must be at least 20 cm from any person when the system is in use. We therefore do not recommend using the equipment at a closer range than 20 cm. Ensure that no other transmitter is closer than 20 cm from your equipment, in order to avoid adverse effects on the system’s electrical characteristics and radiation pattern.
For your notes 7
Safety notes and handling instructions relating to Nickel-Metal-Hydride rechargeable batteries As with all sophisticated technical products, it is vitally important that you observe the following safety notes and handling instructions if you wish the equipment to operate safely and reliably for an extended period. Safety notes • Individual cells and rechargeable batteries are not playthings, and must be kept well away from children. Store rechargeable cells and batteries out of the reach of children.
Charging Ni-MH batteries should only be charged using the specified currents, charge times and temperature range, and should be supervised constantly when on charge. If you do not have access to a suitable fast charger, i. e. one which allows you to set the charge current accurately, then the battery should always be recharged using the “normal” charge rate of 1/10C; see the example stated above.
mx-16 the latest generation of radio control technology HoTT (Hopping Telemetry Transmission) is the synthesis of expertise, engineering and world-wide testing by professional pilots. The equipment operates on the 2.4 GHz band, and offers bi-directional communication between transmitter and receiver via a down-link channel integrated into the receiver. The mx-16 HoTT RC system is based on the Graupner/JR mc-24 computer radio control system which was introduced back in 1997.
mx-16 Computer System Eight-channel radio control set with Graupner HoTT 2.4 GHz technology (Hopping Telemetry Transmission) Graupner HoTT technology offers extreme reliability in use, with bi-directional communication between transmitter and receiver, integrated telemetry, speech output via earphone socket and ultra-fast response times. Simplified programming technology with capacitive programming touch-buttons.
mx-16 Computer System Eight-channel radio control set with Graupner HoTT 2.
Set contents Specification, mx-16 HoTT transmitter Specification, GR-16 HoTT receiver Order No. 33116: mx-16 HoTT micro-computer transmitter with integral 4NH-2000 RX RTU flat-pack Ni-MH transmitter battery (specification reserved), Graupner GR-16 HoTT bi-directional receiver, switch harness and plug-type battery charger Frequency band 2,4 … 2,4835 GHz Operating voltage 3,6 … 8,4 V Modulation FHSS Current drain ca.
Operating Notes Transmitter power supply The mx-16 HoTT transmitter is fitted as standard with a high-capacity rechargeable 4NH-2000 RX RTU Ni-MH battery (Order No. 2498.4FBEC) (specification reserved). When delivered, the standard rechargeable battery is not charged. When you are using the transmitter you can monitor the battery voltage on the LCD screen. If the voltage of the transmitter battery falls below a certain point, you will hear an audible warning signal.
Battery timer, bottom left corner of the screen This timer displays the cumulative operating time of the transmitter since the last time the transmitter battery was charged. This timer is automatically reset to “0:00” when the transmitter detects that the voltage of the transmitter battery is significantly higher than the last time it was switched on, e. g. as a result of a charge process. #01 6.1V 99% 0:00h stop flt 0:00 0:00 Mx HoTT 0.
Operating Notes Receiver power supply A wide range of rechargeable four-cell and five-cell NiMH batteries varying in capacity is available for use as the receiver power supply. If you are using digital servos we recommend that you use a five-cell (6 V) pack of generous capacity. If your model is fitted with a mixture of digital and analogue servos, it is important to check the maximum permissible operating voltage of all the types. The PRX unit, Order No.
Adjusting stick length Both sticks are infinitely variable in length over a broad range, enabling you to set them to suit your personal preference. Hold the bottom half of the knurled grip firmly, and unscrew the top section: Now screw the stick top in or out (shorter or longer) to the length you prefer before tightening the top and bottom sections against each other to fix the stick top. Opening the transmitter case Please read the following notes carefully before you open the transmitter.
Operating Notes Converting the dual-axis stick units Self-centring action Either or both sticks can be converted from self-neutralising to non self-neutralising action: start by opening the transmitter as described on the previous page. If you wish to change the standard stick unit arrangement, start by locating the screw on the left-hand stick unit shown circled in white in the photo below.
Brake spring and ratchet You can alter the braking force of the stick by adjusting the outer of the two screws circled in white in the next picture; adjusting the inner screw alters the strength of the ratchet: Stick centring force The centring force of the sticks is also variable to suit your preference. The adjustment system is located adjacent to the centring springs; see the white circles in the following photo.
Description of transmitter Transmitter controls Attaching the transmitter neckstrap You will find a strap lug mounted in the centre of the front face of the mx-16 HoTT transmitter, as shown in the drawing on the right. This lug is positioned in such a way that the transmitter is perfectly balanced even when suspended from a neckstrap. Order No. 1121 Neckstrap, 20 mm wide Order No.
Case screw Case screw Earphone / headphone socket Data socket for connecting Smart-Box, Order No. 33700 DSC socket for connecting flight simulators and for Teacher mode Five-pin mini-USB socket for connecting transmitter to a PC Case screw Case screw mini-USB socket This socket can be used to connect the transmitter to a PC running Windows XP, Vista or 7. The software required at the PC, including a suitable USB driver, can be found in the Download section for that product at www.graupner.de.
DSC Data storage Direct Servo Control Card slot The original function of this socket was for “Direct Servo Control”, and that’s why the abbreviation is still in use. However, for technical reasons “direct servo control” is no longer possible with the HoTT system using a diagnosis lead. The mx-16 HoTT transmitter’s standard two-pole DSC socket is now used as a Trainer (buddy box) socket (Teacher or Pupil), and as an interface for flight simulators.
#01 5.2V 50% 3:33h stop flt 0:00 0:00 M HoTT 5.5V Data recording / storage The process of saving data on the SD card is coupled to the flight timer: if the timer is started, then data saving commences - provided that a suitable memory card is in the card slot - and ceases again when the flight timer is stopped. The flight timer is started and stopped as described in the “Timers” section on page 59 for fixed-wing models, and pages 67 and 68 for model helicopters.
Screen and keypad Visual display of the trim lever positions; alternatively - if rotary controls CTRL 7 … 9 are operated - display of the current settings of these two controls Model name Model type display (fixed-wing / helicopter) See page 28 for possible warnings Stopwatch in min:sec (count-up / count-down) Model memory 1 … 20 Left-hand touch-key ef cd leaf through ef pressed briefly together: switches to Servo display menu Right-hand touch-key ef cd leaf through / alter values SET Select / Confirm
Operating the “Data Terminal” Input buttons ESC, SET, CLEAR, symbols On-screen telemetry symbols The active model memory is not yet “bound” Not flashing: RF switched off at transmitter Flashing aerial symbol: The last receiver bound to the active model is inactive, or out of range >M x No telemetry signal detected Signal strength display >M Display of Pupil signal strength on the Teacher >P transmitter’s screen.
HIDDEN MODE Language selection and screen contrast The “HIDDEN MODE” (VERSTECKTER MODUS) menu of the mx-16 HoTT transmitter can be accessed from virtually any menu position by holding the arrow buttons cd of the left-hand touch-key and the SET button of the right-hand touch-key pressed in; after about three seconds this display appears: ¿VERSTECKTER MODUS¿ 0 KONTRAST DEUTSCH SPRACHE ANSAGEN DEUTSCH CONTRAST In the “CONTRAST” (KONTRAST) line you can adjust the screen contrast to suit your preference by brie
Changing the language Use the arrow buttons of the left or right-hand touch-key to move to the “VOICE” line: ¿ HIDDEN MODE ¿ 0 CONTRAST ENGLISH LANGUAGE VOICE ENGLISH ¿ HIDDEN MODE ¿ 0 CONTRAST ENGLISH LANGUAGE VOICE DEUTSCH 22/100% I The loading process is finished when the progress bar at the bottom edge of the screen disappears: Activate voice output by pressing the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key: ¿ HIDDEN MODE ¿ 0 CONTRAST ENGLISH LANGUAGE VOICE ENGLISH ¿ HIDDEN MODE ¿ 0 CONTRAST E
Warnings On-screen function fields Warnings SEL, STO, SYM, ASY, , The bottom line of the screen displays function fields which vary according to the menu selected. BIND N/A OK RF ON/OFF? ON OFF batter y needs charging fail safe setup t.b.d MISSING IMPORT DATA OK 28 “Binding not present” No receiver is bound to the currently active model memory. A brief touch of the SET button takes you directly to the corresponding option. CAN‘T RECEIVE DATA OK no student signal No bound receiver in range.
Position display Input lock Rotary proportional controls CTRL 7 and 8 As soon as you operate one of the two rotary controls CTRL 7 + 8 on the centre console, a small symbol appears to the right of the two vertical position indicators: At the same time the position display of the two central vertical bars switches for the duration of the actuation from the display of the current trim position to the current position of the rotary controls CTRL 7 + 8.
Using the transmitter for the first time Preliminary notes regarding the mx-16 HoTT transmitter For more information please visit our Internet site at www.graupner.de Preliminary notes Within this period you can switch off the RF signal if required by moving the black field to the right using the In theory the Graupner HoTT system permits the simulc or f arrows of the right-hand touch-key; when you taneous operation of more than 200 models.
Important notes: • The transmitter included in the set is prepared at the factory with the correct settings for most European countries (except France). If you wish to operate the RC system in France, you MUST first set the Country setting on the transmitter to “FRANCE” mode; see page 115.
Using the receiver for the first time Preliminary notes regarding the GR-16 receiver For more information please visit the Internet at www.graupner.de. Receiving system about one second. The mx-16 HoTT radio control set includes a GR-16 Firmware update 2.4 GHz bi-directional receiver which is suitable for conFirmware updates for the receiver are carried out using nection to a maximum of eight servos.
connect its power supply; release the button again. If the reset is carried out with the transmitter switched off, or if the receiver is not already bound, the receiver LED flashes red slowly after about two or three seconds; at this stage it is immediately possible to initiate a binding process at the transmitter.
Installation Notes Installing the receiver Regardless of which Graupner receiving system you are using, the procedure is always the same: Please note that the receiver aerials must be arranged at least 5 cm away from all large metal parts and leads which are not attached or connected directly to the receiver. This includes steel and carbon fibre components, servos, fuel pumps, cables of all sorts, etc.
Receiving system power supply A reliable power supply is one of the basic essentials for reliable model control. Free-moving pushrods, a fullycharged battery, battery connecting leads of adequate cross-section, minimal transfer resistance at the connectors etc.
are more susceptible to mechanical stress and damage due to their lack of a metal case. Moreover LiPo batteries only have a limited ability to be fast-charged, and generally do not survive such a high number of charge / discharge cycles as is claimed for other batteries, such as Nanophosphate® types. The comparatively high nominal voltage of 7.4 Volt of a two-cell LiPo pack presents no problems to Graupner HoTT receivers, nor to those servos, speed controllers, gyros, etc.
For your notes 37
Definition of terms Control functions, transmitter controls, function inputs, control channels, mixers, switches, control switches To make it easier for you to understand the mx-16 HoTT manual, the following section contains definitions of many terms which crop up again and again in the remainder of the text.
Assigning switches and control switches The basic procedure At many points in the program there is the option of using a switch (SW 1 … 9) or a control switch (G1 … 3; see below) to operate a function, or to switch between settings, such as the DUAL RATE / EXPO function, flight phase programming, mixers and more. The mx-16 HoTT allows you to assign several functions to a single switch.
Digital trims Description of function, and Ch 1 cut-off trim 40 Digital trims 1. Fixed-wing models The Ch 1 trim features a special cut-off trim which is designed for glowplug motors: you initially use the trim lever in the usual way to select a reliable idle setting for the motor. If you now move the Ch 1 trim lever to its end-point in the direction of “motor cut-off”, pushing the lever in a single movement, a marker appears on the screen in the last position.
For your notes 41
Fixed-wing model aircraft This program provides convenient support for normal model aircraft with up to two aileron servos and two flap servos, V-tail models, flying wings and deltas with two elevon (aileron / elevator) servos and two flap servos. The majority of power models and gliders belong to the “normal” tail type with one servo each for elevator, rudder, ailerons and throttle or electronic speed controller (airbrakes on a glider).
Receiver socket assignment for models with up to two ailerons and two flaps, plus “normal” tail type, V-tail, and two elevator servos (3 + 8) 8 = 2nd elevator / aux. function 7 = Right flap / reserve 6 = Flap / left flap / reserve 5 = Right aileron / reserve Receiver battery Switch harness Installation notes The servos MUST be connected to the receiver outputs in the following order: Outputs not required are simply left vacant.
Receiver socket assignment for models of the “Delta / Flying wing” type, with up to two flaps 8 = Auxiliary function As there are several possible combinations of servo orientation and control surface linkage, you may find that the direction of rotation of one or more servos is incorrect. Use the following table to solve the problem. Model type 7 = Right flap / reserve V-tail 6 = Flap / left flap / reserve 5 = Reserve function Receiver battery Switch harness 4 = Rudder Y-lead, Order No. 3936.
For your notes 45
Model helicopters The continued development of model helicopters and helicopter components, such as gyros, speed governors, rotor blades etc., has led to the current position where helicopters are capable of sophisticated 3-D aerobatics. In contrast, if you are a beginner to helicopter flying, you need a simple set-up so that you can quickly get started on the initial stages of hovering practice, and then gradually learn to exploit all the options provided by the mx-16 HoTT.
Note for modellers upgrading from earlier Graupner systems: Compared with the previous receiver channel sequence, servo socket 1 (collective pitch servo) and servo socket 6 (throttle servo) have been interchanged. The servos must be connected to the receiver output sockets in the order shown at bottom right. Outputs not required are simply left vacant. For more information on the different types of swashplate, please refer to the “Basic settings” menu described on page 64 / 65.
Detailed description of programming Reserving a new memory If you have already read through the manual to this point, you will undoubtedly have made your first attempt at programming the system already. Even so, it is important to describe each menu here in detail, to ensure that you have comprehensive instructions for each application you are likely to encounter. In this section we start with setting up a “free” model memory prior to “programming” a new model: #01 6.
responding symbol, then again press the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key briefly in confirmation. This initialises the selected model type for the model memory you have just selected, and you can now start programming your model in this memory. It is now only possible to change this memory to a different model type if you first erase the model memory (“Model memory” menu, page 52).
max. 8 remain steadfastly at their centre position. If you set up a new model helicopter, servo 6 may also respond to some extent to the controls - depending on the position of the throttle limiter CTRL 6. For both model types this situation only changes once you have carried out the appropriate assignments in the “Transmitter control settings” menu.
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Model memories Calling up a model, erasing a model, copying model ¼ model The section on pages 24 and 25 explains the basic method of using the buttons, while the previous two double-pages explains how to move to the Multi-function list and reserve a new model memory. At this point we wish to start with the “normal” description of the individual menu points in the sequence in which they occur on the transmitter itself.
Caution: The erasure process is irrevocable. All data in the selected model memory is reset to the factory default settings. Note: If you wish to erase the currently active model memory in the basic display, you will be required to define the model type “Helicopter” or “Fixed-wing” immediately. However, if you erase a non-active model memory, then the message “ÄÄfreeÄÄ” appears in the Model select menu.
copied to the SD card. Notes: • If the warning … SD-CARD INSERT OK • • • • … appears instead of a model selection, there is no SD card in the card slot; see page 22. When you copy a model memory, the binding data is copied along with the model data, so that the receiving system associated with the original model memory can also be operated using the SAME transmitter and the copied memory without repeating the binding procedure. An exported fixed-wing model is stored on the memory card under \\Models\mx
For your notes 55
Base settings Basic model-specific settings for fixed-wing model aircraft Before you start programming specific parameters, some basic settings must be entered which apply only to the currently active model memory. Select the “Basic settings” (basic model settings) menu using the arrow buttons of the left or right-hand touch-key, then touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key: base sett. contr set.
“idle re.”: “no”: „no/inv“ The throttle warning message “Throttle too high”, see page 28, and the option “cut off” are activated. In the “Wing mixer” menu the “Brake ¼ NN *” mixers and the option “CH8 delay” are disabled. The idle position of the throttle / airbrake stick (C1) is back, i. e. towards the pilot. The throttle warning message “Throttle too high”, see page 28, and the – following – option “cut off” are activated.
ble range of the throttle stick using the switch which has yet to be assigned in the right-hand column. However, if you want to set an individual threshold after which it is possible to switch to the motor OFF position, then move the throttle / collective pitch stick to your preferred position, and briefly press the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key: GRAUBELE mod name stick mode 1 idle re.
here. The software provides a maximum of twelve ready-made mixers for up to two aileron servos and two camber-changing flap servos. Note: If your model is equipped with only one flap servo, you should still select “2ail2fl”, but leave the “AIL ¼ FL” mixer in the “Wing mixer” menu, which is described on page 91, at 0%. In contrast, all the other wing mixers can be used in the usual way.
timer does not stop, but continues to run so that you can read off the time elapsed after reaching zero. To make this clear, the over-run time is shown highlighted (black background). Sequence of sounds 30 sec. before zero: triple beep single beep every two seconds 20 sec. before zero: double beep single beep every two seconds 10 sec. before zero: single beep single beep every second 5 sec.
that the display in “Servo display” - which you can access from virtually any menu position by simultaneously touching the e and f buttons of the left-hand touchkey - refers exclusively to the “control channels”, i. e. the outputs are NOT swapped over. S S S S S 1 2 3 4 5 output output output output output 1 2 3 4 5 Use the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand touch-key to select the servo / output combination you wish to change, then touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key.
displays the code number for the receiver now “bound” to this model memory. For example: phase 2 phase 3 phase 4 receiv out rx bind takeoff speed landing 7 ––– 6 R08 If, in contrast, the red LED on the receiver flashes for longer than about ten seconds, then the binding process has failed. In parallel with this the screen will display three “---” once more. If this should occur, alter the relative position of the aerials, and repeat the whole procedure.
phase 4 landing 6 receiv out rx bind R08 range test 99sec RF transmit OFF Now you can use the right-hand arrow buttons to switch between OFF and ON. Touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key again to conclude the input.
Base settings Basic model-specific settings for model helicopters Before you start programming specific parameters, some basic settings must be entered which apply only to the currently active model memory. Select the “Basic settings” (Basic model settings) menu using the arrow buttons of the left or right-hand touch-key, and press the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key: mod.mem. ser vo set. D/R expo free mixer ser vo disp fail-safe base sett. contr set. heli mixer swashp.
buttons of the right-hand touch-key: The swashplate is tilted by one roll servo “1 servo”: and one pitch-axis servo. Collective pitch is controlled by one separate servo. The “Swashplate mixer” menu point is suppressed in the multi-function menu if you select “1 servo” as the swashplate type. This is because model helicopters with only one collective pitch servo are controlled WITHOUT transmitter mixers for the swashplate functions collective pitch, pitch-axis and roll.
default settings are -100% for the “Motor OFF” position of the throttle servo and +150% for the throttle curve: STARLET mod name stick mode 1 3sv(2rol) swashplate cut off –100% +150% ––– right rotor direct STO If you wish to change the default value of the throttle servo’s “Motor OFF” position, briefly press the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key: the current setting is highlighted.
Collective pitch min. “rear”: stick mode 1 3sv(2rol) swashplate cut off –125% +100% 1 right rotor direct pitch min rear In the “Collective pitch min.” line you can set up the direction of operation of the throttle / collective pitch stick to suit your preference. This setting is crucial to the correct operation of all the other options in the helicopter program which affect the throttle and collective pitch functions, i. e. the throttle curve, idle trim, tail rotor mixer etc.
3sv(2rol) swashplate cut off –125% +100% 1 right rotor direct pitch min rear timer 10:01 G3 Procedure 1. Select the desired input field using the arrow buttons ef of the left or right-hand touch-key. 2. Touch SET in the centre of the right-hand touch-key. 3. Select the required time in the highlighted minutes and seconds fields using the arrow buttons of the right-hand touch-key. 4. Touch the central SET button to conclude the input process. 5.
“Name” field for that flight phase is already framed. If the default name does not seem appropriate, touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key, and the current setting is shown highlighted. Now use the arrow buttons of the right-hand touch-key to select an appropriate name from those available. Touch the SET button to conclude the input process.
rx bind (Bound receiver) Graupner HoTT receivers have to be “instructed” to communicate exclusively with a particular model (i. e. model memory) of a Graupner HoTT transmitter. This process is known as “binding”, and is only necessary once for each new combination of receiver and model. Important note: When carrying out the binding procedure, please ensure that the transmitter aerial is always an adequate distance from the receiver aerials: keeping the aerials about 1 m apart is safe in this respect.
4. Hold the transmitter at hip-height, and away from your body. Do not point the aerial straight at the model; instead rotate and / or angle the aerial tip so that it is vertical while you carry out the check. 5. If you have not already done so, use the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand touch-key to move to the “Test range” line, and initiate range-check mode by briefly pressing the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key: phase 3 autorotat.
Servo settings Servo direction, centre, travel S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 rev 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% cent 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% trav + In this menu you can adjust parameters which only affect the servo connected to a particular receiver output, namely the direction of servo rotation, neutral point and servo travel. Always start with the servo setting in the left-hand column.v Basic procedure: 1. Use the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand touch-key to select the relevant servo (1 to 8). 2.
Column 4 “- Servo travel +” In this column you can adjust servo travel symmetrically or asymmetrically (different each side of neutral). The adjustment range is 0 … 150% of normal servo travel. The reference point for the set values is the setting in the “Centre” column. To set symmetrical travel, i. e.
Transmitter control settings Basic procedures for assigning transmitter controls and switches I5 I6 I7 I8 free free free free +100% +100% +100% +100% +100% +100% +100% +100% tr v + In addition to the two dual-axis stick units for the control functions 1 to 4, the mx-16 HoTT is fitted as standard with a range of supplementary controls: • Two three-position switches: SW 4/5 or CTRL 9 and SW 6/7 or CTRL 10. These are assigned in this menu as “CTRL 9” and “CTR 10” respectively.
will find in the “Transmitter control settings” menu as “Control 9” and “Control 10”, provide a centre position in addition to the two end-points. Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) with the switch assignment activated - see illustration above - resets the input to “free”.
Transmitter control settings Basic procedures for assigning transmitter controls and switches I5 thr gyr I8 lim free free free free ctrl 6 +100% +100% +100% +100% +100% +100% +100% +100% +100% +100% tr v + In addition to the two dual-axis stick units for the control functions 1 to 4, the mx-16 HoTT is fitted as standard with a range of supplementary controls: • Two three-position switches: SW 4/5 or CTRL 9 and SW 6/7 or CTRL 10. These are assigned in this menu as “CTRL 9” and “CTR 10” respectively.
or 9). Note that the rotary proportional controls are not detected until they have moved a few “ratchet clicks”, i. e. they need to be operated for slightly longer. If the travel is not sufficient for the transmitter to detect it, move the control in the opposite direction. If you assign one of the two-position switches, then this control channel works like an On / Off switch. It is then possible to switch to and fro between two end-point values using this simple switch, e. g. motor ON / OFF.
Important: In contrast to servo travel adjustments, changing the transmitter travel setting affects all mixer and coupling inputs derived from it, i. e. in the final analysis all the servos which can be operated using the associated transmitter control.
Throttle limit function “Lim” input By default the “lim” input is assigned to the rotary proportional control CTRL 6, which is located at top left on the transmitter: I5 thr gyr I8 lim 3 +100% +100% free +100% +100% ctrl 7 +100% +100% free +100% +100% ctrl 6 +100% +100% tr v + This pre-defined assignment eliminates the need to program two flight phases - “with idle-up” and “without idle-up” - as are often used by other radio control systems for this purpose, since the method of raising the system rotation
ch1 input output point 3 thr 0% 0% 0% To complete this basic set-up you still have to adjust the idle trim range to coincide with point “1” of the throttle curve. This is accomplished by setting point “1” of the “Ch 1 ¼ throttle” mixer in the “Heli mixer” menu to a value of about -65 to -70%: ch1 Note: Since the throttle trim lever has no effect when the throttle limiter is open, its position is not relevant at this point.
For your notes 81
D/R Expo Switchable control characteristics for aileron, elevator and rudder Use the arrow buttons of the left or right-hand touchkey to leaf through to the “D/R Expo” menu point of the multi-function menu: mod. mem. ser vo set. D/R expo wing mixer ser vo disp fail-safe base sett. contr set.
Caution: For safety reasons the Dual Rate value should always be at least 20% of total control travel. Examples of different Dual Rate values: normal DUAL EXPO 2 2 ––– Simultaneously touching the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) resets an altered value in the highlighted input field to 0%.
D/R Expo Switchable control characteristics for roll, pitch-axis and tail rotor roll nick tail 100% 100% 100% 0% 0% 0% DUAL EXPO ––– ––– ––– The Dual Rate / Expo function provides a means of switching to reduced control travels, and influencing the travel characteristics, for the roll, pitch-axis and tail rotor servos (control functions 2 … 4).
Examples of different Dual Rate values: Servo travel Servo travel Servo travel Dual Rate = 20% Dual Rate = 50% Dual Rate = 100% +11% +22% 0% normal DUAL EXPO 2 2 ––– Stick deflection Examples of different Expo values: Stick deflection 88% 77% 100% 0% 0% 0% normal DUAL EXPO 2 2 ––– and after moving switch “2” to the “forward” position: Stick deflection Servo travel Exponential function If you wish to switch between two settings, use the f button of the left or right-hand touch-key to mov
Phase trim Flight phase-specific trims for flaps, ailerons and elevator If you have not assigned a switch to phases 2, 3 and 4 in the “Basic settings” menu, i. e. you have not assigned switches to these alternative phases, you automatically remain in flight phase 1 - “normal”. The number and name (“normal”) of this flight phase are permanently assigned, and cannot be altered. For this reason the “normal” phase is not stated as Phase 1 “normal” in the “Basic settings” menu; it is simply concealed.
P H A S E T R I M ¿normal 0% 0% 0% takeoff 0% 0% 0% speed 0% 0% 0% thermal 0% 0% 0% FLA AIL ELE Note: In this menu you will have at least one control function (ELE), and a maximum of three functions (ELE, AIL and FLA), available for phase-specific trim settings, depending on the settings you have entered in the “Aileron / flap” line of the “Basic settings” menu (see page 58).
What is a mixer? Fixed-wing mixers The basic function In many models it is often desirable to use a mixer to couple various control systems, e. g. to link the ailerons and rudder, or to inter-connect a pair of servos where two control surfaces are actuated by separate servos.
Notes: • There are various alternative methods of positioning the camber-changing flaps; these include: a) settling on just one position per flight phase, simply by setting appropriate trim values in the “Phase trim” menu, as described on the preceding double-page; b) controlling the flaps manually using any transmitter control assigned to “Input 6” (in the “Transmitter control settings” menu - see page 74), after setting the basic flap positions in the “Phase trim” menu, as described earlier.
have to be “designed in” when the model is built, and the degree of differential cannot be altered subsequently. In any case significant mechanical differential tends to cause additional slop in the control system. Electronic differential offers several important advantages: 0% (normal) 50% (differential) 100% (split) It is easily possible to vary the degree of differential without affecting the travel of the up-going aileron.
ail ¼ flaps (Aileron ¼ flap) brak ¼ elev (Airbrake ¼ elevator) brak ¼ flap (Airbrake ¼ flap) or This mixer feeds a variable amount of the aileron signal into the flap channel. When an aileron command is given, the flaps “follow” the ailerons, although usually through a smaller angle, i. e. the mixer ratio is generally less than 100%. The adjustment range of -150% to +150% allows the user to set up the flap direction to match that of the ailerons.
servos move together for the landing approach; the mixer ratio can be set to any value in the range -150% to +150%. Simultaneously pressing the cd or ef buttons of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) resets an altered value to 0%. Note: It can also be useful to deflect both ailerons up slightly when the airbrakes are extended; in most cases this significantly reduces the risk of a tip-stall.
When the camber-changing flaps are lowered, either using “Phase trim” or by means of a transmitter control assigned to input “6”, a pitch trim change (up or down) may occur. Alternatively it may be desirable for slight down-elevator to be applied automatically when the flaps are raised by a small amount, in order to increase the model’s basic airspeed. This mixer can be used to achieve both purposes.
Helicopter mixers Flight phase-specific mixers for collective pitch, throttle and tail rotor In the “Basic settings” menu a method of switching flight phases can be activated by assigning the appropriate switches to “Phase 2”, “Phase 3” and “Auto-rotation”. You can then switch between the phases “normal” and a second and third phase - to which you can assign more appropriate names yourself, if necessary - using one of the non-centring switches SW 2 … 8; a further switch then selects “Auto-rotation”.
the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR) resets an altered value to the default value. 5. Touch the central SET button of the right-hand touchkey to conclude the input process.
ch1 ¼ thro Points “1” and “5”, however, CANNOT be disabled. Note: The following illustration, and all the other pictures on this page, show a control curve which we prepared for illustration purposes only.
Typical throttle curves for different flight phases: +100% Output Output +100% Output +100% 100% 100% 100% 1 2 3 4 Control travel Hover 5 1 2 3 4 Control travel Aerobatics 5 1 2 3 4 5 Control travel 3D Notes on using the “Throttle limit” function: • We strongly recommend that you make use of the throttle limit function (“Transmitter control settings” menu, page 79).
Ch1 ¼ tail rotor Ch1 input output point 3 normal (static torque compensation) tail input output point 3 normal 0% 0% 0% The default setting is a torque compensation curve with a uniform linear mixer input of 0%, as is required for a gyro sensor operating in “heading lock mode”; see illustration above.
Adjusting the gyro sensor If you wish to set up a gyro to achieve maximum possible stabilisation of the helicopter around the vertical axis, please note the following points: • The mechanical control system should be as freemoving and accurate (slop-free) as possible. • There should be no “spring” or “give” in the tail rotor linkage. • You must use a powerful and - above all - fast servo for the tail rotor.
Adjusting the throttle and collective pitch curves A practical procedure Note: The hover point should always be set to the centre position of the throttle / collective pitch stick. Idle setting and throttle curve Note: Since electric power systems by their nature require no idle setting, it is not necessary to adjust the idle value. However, the matching of the throttle and collective pitch curve(s) must still be carried out as described here, in a similar way to a glow-powered helicopter.
3 4 OUTPUT OUTPUT +100% Hover point 100% 2 3 4 5 Control travel 2. The model lifts off below the centre point. +100% OUTPUT a) Rotational speed too high Remedy: on the “Ch 1 ¼ throttle” graphic page, reduce the throttle opening by reducing the value at Point 3.
This diagram only shows the change in the hover point, i. e. collective pitch minimum and maximum have been left at -100% and +100% respectively. OUTPUT +100% 100% 1 2 3 4 5 Control travel Continue adjusting these settings until you really do achieve constant main rotor speed over the full control range between hover and climb.
For your notes 103
Helicopter mixers Auto-rotation settings Auto-rotation allows full-size and model helicopters to land safely in a crisis, i. e. if the power plant should fail. It can also be used if the tail rotor should fail, in which case cutting the motor and carrying out an auto-rotation landing is the only possible way of avoiding a highspeed uncontrollable rotation around the vertical axis, invariably terminating in a catastrophic crash. And that is the reason why switching INTO auto-rotation occurs with zero delay.
For practice, then, you should set the value in this line so that the motor runs at a reliable idle during autorotation, but without the clutch engaging, so that you can open the throttle immediately to recover from an emergency; for an electric helicopter the motor should be reliably “off”. Tail rotor (static torque compensation) For normal flying the tail rotor is set up in such a way that it compensates for motor torque when the helicopter is hovering.
General notes regarding freely programmable mixers The two menus “Fixed-wing mixers” and “Helicopter mixers”, as described on the preceding pages, contain a wide range of ready-programmed coupling functions. The basic meaning of mixers has already been explained on page 88, together with the principle on which they work.
Free mixers Linear mixers Regardless of the selected model type, three linear mixers are available for each of the twenty model memories, with the additional possibility of setting up non-linear characteristic curves. In this first section we will concentrate on the programming procedure for the first screen page. We will then move on to the method of programming mixer ratios, as found on the second screen page of this menu. The basic programming procedure 1.
Erasing mixers If you need to erase a mixer that you have already defined, use the arrow buttons cd of the left or righthand touch-key to select its line, then use the arrow buttons ef to move to the “from” column before touching the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key. The field in the “from” column of the mixer to be erased is now highlighted: simultaneously touch the two arrow buttons cd or ef of the right-hand touch-key (CLEAR).
Mixer ratios and mixer neutral point Now that we have explained the wide-ranging nature of the mixer functions, we can move on to the method of programming linear and non-linear mixer curves. For each of the three available mixers the mixer curves are programmed on a second page of the screen display.
MIX1 tr v offs 6 el 0% 0% 0% STO SEL The dotted vertical line indicates the position of the mixer neutral point (“offset”), i. e. that point along the control travel at which the mixer has NO influence on the channel connected to its output. By default this point is set to the centre position. However, in our example the neutral (retracted) position of the flaps is located at the left-hand end-stop of the rotary proportional control, and in this position the elevator must not be affected.
MIX1 6 el tr v +20% +20% offs 0% STO SEL Asymmetrical mixer ratios For many applications it is necessary to set up different mixer values on either side of the mixer neutral point. Start by resetting the offset of the mixer used in our example (“6 ¼ el”) to 0%, as shown in the picture above. Now use the arrow button f of the left or righthand touch-key to select the ASY field, and then touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key.
Swashplate mixers Collective pitch, roll and pitch-axis mixers on all the collective pitch servos you are using, without affecting the throttle servo. MIX1 8 SP – MIXER ptch roll nick 1 +61% +61% +61% tr v +25% +25% offs 0% SYM ASY In the “Swashplate” line of the “Basic settings” menu you have already defined the number of servos which are installed in your helicopter to provide collective pitch control; see page 67.
Servo display Use the arrow buttons of the left or right-hand touch-key to leaf through to the “Servo display” menu point of the multi-function menu: mod.mem. ser vo set. D/R expo wing mixer ser vo disp fail-safe base sett. contr set. phase trim free mixer basic sett telemetr y Open the menu point by touching the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key.
Basic settings Use the arrow buttons of the left or right-hand touch-key to leaf through to the “basic settings” menu point of the multi-function menu: mod. mem. ser vo set. D/R expo wing mixer ser vo disp fail-safe base sett. contr set. phase trim free mixer basic sett telemetr y Touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key to open the menu point: Batt type Batt warning Touch Sense Contrast Display light RF Countr y Voice volume Beep volume Ni-MH 4.
#01 stop flt 0:00 0:00 M HoTT 5.5V 5.2V 50% 3:33h This is accomplished by selecting the “Contrast” line using the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand touch-key: Batt type Batt war ning Touch Sense Contrast Display light Ni-MH 4.
Fail-Safe FAIL SAFE Pos hold 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Delay 0.25s STO The inherently higher operational security of the HoTT system compared with classic PPM technology is due to the ability of the HoTT receiver’s integral micro-processor to process the signals from “its” transmitter exclusively, and also to process any “dirty” control signals which it picks up.
Telemetry The “Telemetry” menu is used to call up and program transmitter and receiver data, and data generated by optional telemetry sensors (see Appendix), in real time. Note: If you register your product under http://www.graupner. de/en/service/product_registration you will automatically be informed about new updates by e-mail. • Receiver data are transmitted to the transmitter via the HoTT receiver’s integral downlink channel.
SETTING & DATA VIEW Telemetry The menus grouped together under the overall heading “Telemetry” are called up from the basic display of the mx-16 HoTT transmitter by holding the central ESC button of the left-hand touch-key pressed in for about three seconds. An alternative method of calling up this menu, which also applies to the transmitter’s other menus, is to briefly press the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key in the multi-function list: mod. mem. ser vo set.
L.R-VOLT Lowest receiver operating voltage since the last power-on, in Volt SENSOR1 Shows the values of the optional telemetry sensor 1 in Volt and °C SENSOR2 Shows the values of the optional telemetry sensor 2 in Volt and °C Signal quality (S-QUA) The signal quality (S-QUA) is sent “live” to the transmitter via the receiver’s downlink channel, and shows the signal strength in %. Receive performance (S-dBm) The receive performance (S-dBm) is displayed as a negative value, i. e.
RX SERVO RX SERVO OUTPUT CH: REVERSE : CENTER : TRIM : TRAVEL– : TRAVEL+ : PERIOD : channel (e. g. 01). The following parameters always refer to the channel which you set at this point: 01 OFF 1500μsec –000μsec 150% 150% 20msec Before you carry out any programming at this screen display be sure to read the information on page 117.
where or other without causing major damage. However, if the interference strikes in the wrong place and at the wrong time, then a power model could become uncontrollable and tear wildly across the flying field, endangering pilots and spectators. For this reason you really must consider whether you should at least program the throttle to “motor stopped”, to avoid the worst of these risks.
lay time” set in the “DELAY” line. • HOLD If interference occurs, a servo set to “HOLD” maintains the position last assessed as correct for the duration of the interference. • OFF If set to “OFF” when interference occurs, the receiver continues to send the last correct control signals (which it has stored) to the corresponding servo output for the duration of the interference. This can be imagined as the receiver switching the signal wire “off”.
RX FAIL SAFE OUTPUT CH: 06 INPUT CH: 04 MODE : OFF F.S.Pos. : 1670μsec DELAY : 0.75sec FAIL SAFE ALL: NO POSITION : 1670μsec RX FAIL SAFE OUTPUT CH: 04 INPUT CH: 01 MODE : FAI-SAFE F.S.Pos. : 1500μsec DELAY : 0.75sec FAIL SAFE ALL: NO POSITION : 1500μsec RX FAIL SAFE OUTPUT CH: 07 INPUT CH: 04 MODE : OFF F.S.Pos. : 1230μsec DELAY : 0.75sec FAIL SAFE ALL: NO POSITION : 1670μsec In this case servo socket 04 would respond in accordance with the Fail-Safe settings for CH 01.
RX CURVE (EXPO) RX CURVE CURVE1 CH TYPE CURVE2 CH TYPE CURVE3 CH TYPE : : : : : : 02 B 03 B 04 B Value Explanation CURVE1, 2 or 3 CH Channel assign1 … according to ment of the selec- receiver ted curve setting TYPE Curve type TYPE A Expo = –100% DR = 125% Possible settings A, B, C see illustration TYPE C Expo = +100% DR = 70% Servo travel +100% 0 Servo travel +100% 0 –100% –100% TYPE B linear Servo travel +100% 0 TAIL TYPE The following model types are also available in the “Tail” line of t
The servo follows the stick movement with a linear response. C: EXPO = +100% and DUAL RATE = 70% The servo responds slowly to stick movements around the neutral position, but the curve becomes steeper with increasing control travel. Note: The control characteristics programmed at this point also affect mapped receiver outputs. RX SERVO TEST RX SERVO TEST ALL–MAX : 2000μsec ALL–MIN : 1000μsec TEST : STOP ALARM VOLT : 3.
ALARM VOLT (low receiver voltage warning) ALARM VOLT monitors the receiver voltage. The threshold can be set to any value within the range 3.0 to 6.0 Volt. If the voltage falls below the set alarm limit, an audible signal (interval beeping, long / short) is triggered, and “VOLT.E” flashes at top right in all “RX …” screen displays: RX SERVO OUTPUT CH: REVERSE : CENTER : TRIM : TRAVEL– : TRAVEL+ : PERIOD : VOLT.
SIMPLE DATA VIEW problems might be expected. For this reason it is essential to connect the most important control functions to the primary receiver (the one programmed as SUMI), so that interference to the satellite receiver (SUMO) does not cause the model to go out of control. Telemetry data, such as the voltage of the airborne power supply, are only sent to the transmitter by the satellite receiver (configured as SUMO), i. e. all telemetry sensors must be connected to the satellite receiver (SUMO).
RX + GENERAL MODUL BAT1 E FUEL F 0.0V T1 +20°C BAT2 0.0V T2 +20°C The meanings are as follows: CELL V 1:0.00 2:0.00 3:0.00 4:0.00 5:0.00 6:0.00 0 ALT +500m 0m1 BAT1 E FUEL F 0m3 0.0V CURRE. T1 +20°C 0.0A POWER BAT2 0.0V 0.0V T2 +20°C If a General Engine module, Order No. 33610, or a General Air module, Order No. 33611, is connected to the receiver, then this screen provides a graphic display of the data supplied by it.
RF STATUS VIEW RX + VARIO RX + GPS m/1s 0 H ALT +500 m/3s 0 m/10s 0 RXSQ 0 L MAX +500m W MIN +500m If a Vario module, Order No. 33601, is connected to the receiver, then this screen provides a graphic display of the data supplied by it. For more information on this module please see the Appendix or refer to the product on the Internet at www.graupner.de.
VOICE TRIGGER Value Explanation S Signal quality in % for the signal arriving at the receiver TD Reception performance in dBm E Number of lost receiver data packets RD Reception performance in dBm of the signal picked up by the receiver VC Actual receiver operating voltage in Volt VM Lowest receiver operating voltage in Volt since the last time it was switched on VOICE TRIGGER First select the desired menu line using the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand touch-key … TELEMETRY SETTING
hand touch-key to open the selected sub-menu: VOLT: MODELTIME: BATTERYTIME: STOPWATCH: RUNTIME: TIME: In this menu you can select and de-select the chosen speech output after using the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand touch-key to select the desired line, followed by a brief press of the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key: VOLT: MODELTIME: BATTERYTIME: STOPWATCH: RUNTIME: TIME: RECEIVER Select the desired menu line with the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand touch-key … VOICE
Trainer Mode Connecting two transmitters for trainer mode operations using a Trainer lead Use the arrow buttons of the left or right-hand touch-key to leaf through to the “Trainer” menu point of the multifunction menu: ser vo set. D/R expo wing mixer ser vo disp fail-safe teach/pupi ser vo set. D/R expo free mixer ser vo disp fail-safe teach/pupi contr set. phase trim free mixer basic sett telemetr y info disp contr set. heli mixer swashp.
neglect this, the RF module will not be activated. The mx-16 HoTT Teacher transmitter can be linked to any suitable Pupil transmitter - even those operating on the “classic” 35 / 40 MHz band. For example, an mx16 HoTT Teacher transmitter can certainly be used in conjunction with an mx-16(s) Pupil transmitter.
Important note regarding three-pole barrel connectors: If you are using a Trainer lead with three-pole barrel connectors, on no account connect one of the ends marked “S” or “M” to a DSC system socket, as it is not suitable for this purpose. The DSC socket is only suitable for leads fitted with two-pole barrel connectors. Checking the system Operate the assigned Trainer transfer switch: • If the screen display changes from „¾T“ to „¾P“, the Trainer system is working properly.
Trainer mode operations with the mx-16 HoTT transmitter Due to the constant expansion of our range of products please visit the Internet at www.graupner.de for the latest information. mx-16 HoTT Teacher transmitter ter mx-16 HoTT Pupil transmitter mitter Trainer lead, Order No. 4179.1 Trainer lead, Order No. 3290.8 Trainer lead, Order No. 3290.7 Trainer lead, Order No. 4179.1 M Teacher transmitter with DSC socket Teacher transmitter with Teacher module Order No. 3290.2, 3290.19, 3290.
Wireless HoTT system Two HoTT transmitters can also be combined by wireless means to form a Trainer system as an alternative to the “classic” system using a Trainer lead, as described on the preceding pages. Preparations The trainer model must be programmed completely, i. e. with all its functions including trims and any mixer functions, both in a model memory of the mx-16 HoTT Pupil transmitter and also in the mx-16 HoTT Teacher transmitter.
2FL” setting in the “Basic settings” menu), or two elevator servos connected to 3 and 8 (“2Sv EL” setting in the “Basic settings” menu). You still have to assign a Trainer transfer switch on the right of the screen so that you can actually transfer control to the Pupil. This is accomplished by using the arrow buttons of the left or right-hand touch-key to place the marker next to “SW” at bottom right, and assign a switch as described on page 39.
Trainer mode operations … it is no problem for the Teacher and Pupil to stand a little way apart. However, you should never exceed a distance of 50 m (this is known as the call range), and no other persons should stand between the Teacher and Pupil, as this could reduce the effective range. Please note also that the wireless Trainer function exploits the downlink connection, and for this reason no telemetry data are transmitted from the model in this mode.
For your notes 139
Info Display Date, time, transmitter ID and memory card Use the arrow buttons of the left or right-hand touch-key to leaf through to the “Info” menu point of the multifunction menu: ser vo set. D/R expo wing mixer ser vo disp fail-safe teach/pupi contr set. phase trim free mixer basic sett telemetr y info disp ser vo set. D/R expo free mixer ser vo disp fail-safe teach/pupi contr set. heli mixer swashp.
Time SD card ABCDEF12 RFID 1.11 firmware ver. 2011/03/11 (FRI) date 11:22:33s time 0KB SD-CARD If necessary, you can select this line, and the minutes field, using the arrow buttons of the left or right-hand touch-key. A brief press on the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key activates the corresponding value field, and you can then adjust the hours or minutes using the arrow buttons of the right-hand touch-key.
mx-16 HoTT programming techniques Preparation, using a fixed-wing model aircraft as an example Programming model data into an mx-16 HoTT … … is easier than it might appear at first sight. There is one basic rule which applies equally to all programmable radio control transmitters, and not just to the mx-16 HoTT: if the programming is to go “smoothly” and the systems work as expected, the receiving system components must first be installed correctly in the model, i. e.
er of the model’s settings. As your piloting skills improve and you gain experience, it is very likely that you will feel the need to try out refinements such as expanded control systems, and to cater for these requirements you may find that the text deviates from the obvious order of options, or that one or other of the options is mentioned more than once.
First steps in programming a new model Example: non-powered fixed-wing model aircraft When programming a new model you should start by activating the … “select model” sub-menu (page 52) … in the “Model memory” menu. Use the arrow buttons cd of the left or right-hand touch-key to select a free model memory … 01 02 03 04 05 06 R08 ¿¿free¿¿ ¿¿free¿¿ ¿¿free¿¿ ¿¿free¿¿ ¿¿free¿¿ … then touch the central SET button of the right-hand touch-key.
your choice: stick mode motor on C1 CH8 delay tail type aile/flap tail type: aile/flap: 1 no yes normal 2aile “normal”, “V-tail”, “delt/FlW” or “2elev sv” 1 or 2 aileron servos and 0 or 2 flap servos Note: If your model is fitted with only one camber-changing flap servo, you should still select “… 2FL”. Later, in the “Fixed-wing mixers” menu (see page 88), you should select the “AIL ¼ FL” mixer and set it to 0%. You can still exploit all the other mixers available at that point in the usual way.
“Ail/Flap” line, and “none (/inv) in the “Motor at Ch 1” line. Of particular interest at the moment are “AIL-Diff.” (aileron differential) and the “AIL ¼ RUD” (aileron ¼ rudder) mixer, sometimes known as a combi-switch, and perhaps the mixers “Brake ¼ AIL” and “Brake ¼ FLAP”. As already described in detail on pages 89 and 90, the purpose of “AIL-Diff.” (aileron differential) is to eliminate adverse yaw.
The remaining options in the “Fixed-wing mixers” menu are designed to provide further fine-tuning of multi-flap wing systems, and are largely self-explanatory. When you have completed the model-specific settings up to this point, you are probably ready to consider the model’s first flight. At this juncture you should certainly take the time to carry out a series of “dry runs”, i. e. check all the settings thoroughly while the model is still on the ground.
Including an electric power system when programming a model your speed controller to receiver output 8, moving to the … “Basic settings” menu, (pages 56 … 62) … and setting the “Ch8 delayed” option to “no”: An electric power system can be controlled in various ways: The simplest method of including such a power plant in a model program is to use the throttle / brake stick (Ch 1).
Example 2 Using a two-position switch, SW 2, 3 or 8 This variant implements a pure ON / OFF function, and results in the motor starting “abruptly” … unless the speed controller you are using features what is known as a “soft start” function. At the receiving end you need either a simple electronic switch or - if you want a smoother motor start - a suitable speed controller.
Controlling the electric motor and butterfly (crow) system using the Ch 1 stick “Servo settings” menu S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 rev 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% cent (page 72).
“Servo settings” menu S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 rev 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% cent (page 72) 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% trav + … and reverse the direction of servo 1. For safety’s sake you should check this setting now, before you continue with the programming procedure. Take the transmitter and model to a location where it is safe to run the motor. Switch the transmitter on, and move the Ch 1 stick to the motor “OFF” position, i. e. either fully forward or back.
1 –100 % 2 0% 3 0% 4 0% 5 0% 6 0% 7 0% 8 0% Note: If you carry out this test with the receiving system and power system switched on, please take great care that you operate the change-over switch only in the “motor OFF” position! If you ignore this, there is a danger that the power system will be severely overloaded by being switched on abruptly, and it could even suffer damage.
Operating the timers using the Ch 1 stick or a switch SW 1 … 9 If, following on from the model programming described on the preceding pages, you have decided on Example 4 from the previous page, or you are using the Ch 1 stick (throttle / brake stick) to control motor power - independently of this programming example - then you can use the associated control switch to turn the stopwatch on and off automatically.
Using flight phases Within any of the twenty model memories you can program up to four different flight phases (states of flight), each incorporating settings which can be entirely different from the others. Each flight phase can be called up by means of a switch. Flight phases represent the simplest and most convenient method of switching between different model settings in flight, and are programmed for different stages of a typical flight, such as “normal”, “thermal”, “speed”, “distance” etc.
Programming example: servos running in parallel In some cases a second servo is required to run in parallel with an existing servo; for example, if a second elevator or rudder is to be actuated by a separate servo, or where a second servo is needed to cope with very high control forces, or where two servos are required for a large control surface due to the high forces involved. This task could be solved simply by connecting both servos together in the model using a conventional Y-lead.
Programming example: Delta / flying wing On page 142, where the section on fixed-wing model programming starts, you will find general notes regarding the installation and set-up of the RC system in a model, and - of course - this applies equally to deltas and flying wings. The information on test-flying and refining the settings is also relevant, including the section on programming flight phases.
Expo” menu (see page 82). If you select “Delta / flying wing”, all settings of the “NN * ¼ elev” wing mixers in the … “Fixed-wing mixers” menu diff aile. ail rudd brak elev diff–red (pages 88 … 93) 0% ––– 0% ––– 0% ––– 0% … affect the elevator (up / down) function of the two elevon (combined aileron / elevator) servos, as well as the flap / elevator servos.
“Free mixers” menu M1 M2 M3 (pages 107 … 111) tr tr el el ?? 5 6 ?? typ fro to … and setting up one linear mixer “Tr elev ¼ 5”, and - if necessary - “Tr elev ¼ 6”. Move to the graphic page of this menu to set the required mixer ratios. Check the settings, and above all the direction of effect, in the “Servo display”, or on the model itself, and change the prefixes if necessary.
For your notes 159
Programming example: F3A model aircraft F3A models belong to the category of powered fixedwing model aircraft designed for competition flying. They may be powered by an internal combustion engine or an electric motor. Electric-powered models are eligible and totally competitive in the international F3A “pattern” class, and also in the F5A electric aerobatic class. fixed-wing models we have already described. The auxiliary function “Retracts” is usually assigned to one of the auxiliary channels 6 to 8.
stick mode 1 motor on C1 idle re. cut off –100% +150% 9 tail type normal aile/flap 2aile The remaining settings should be adjusted as required to suit your personal preferences. You may find it necessary to assign transmitter controls to particular inputs to operate the retractable undercarriage and carburettor mixture adjustment. This is carried out in the … “Transmitter control settings” menu (page 74).
Example of MIX 1: MIX1 c1 5 tr v –66% 0% offs 0% SYM ASY This completes the basic set-up for a typical F3A model. Correcting model-specific errors It is an unfortunate fact of life that even very carefully built models exhibit minute faults and inaccuracies which produce unwanted deviations when the model is flying; the mixers of a computer radio control system are then needed to compensate for these deficiencies.
“FAIL-SAFE settings” We strongly recommend that you make use of the safety potential of this option by at least setting the throttle position (glow-powered models) to idle, or the electric motor to stop, if a fail-safe event should be triggered. This simple precaution ensures that the model is much less likely to create havoc and cause property damage or personal injury.
Programming example: model helicopter In this programming example we assume that you have already read and understood the descriptions of the individual menus, and are by now familiar with the general handling of the transmitter. We also assume that you have assembled and adjusted the helicopter exactly according to the kit instructions. The electronic facilities provided by the transmitter should never be used to compensate for major mechanical inaccuracies.
“Basic settings” menu (pages 64 … 71) mod name stick mode 1 1 ser vo swashplate cut off –100% +150% ––– right rotor direct … using the characters which are available in the “Model name” line of the second menu page: 0123456789 : ; ? ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO PQRSTUVWXYZ model name STAR Once you have entered the “Model name” you should check that the “Stick mode” is correct: STARLET mod name stick mode 1 1 ser vo swashplate cut off –100% +150% ––– right rotor direct In the next four lines we come to the first sett
tion of rotation of any servo; do check carefully that the direction you set really is correct. The tail rotor servo, in particular, must operate in such a way that the nose (!) of the helicopter moves in the direction which corresponds to the movement of the tail rotor stick. A glance at the … “Transmitter control settings” menu E5 Gas Gyr E8 Lim free free free free ctrl6 (page 76) +100% +100% +100% +100% +100% +100% +100% +100% +100% +100% tr v + … will show you that transmitter control “6”, i. e.
and assign a flight phase switch for flight phase 2, which is already assigned the name “Hover”, but this simple programming example deliberately excludes such refinements. You have now completed the basic settings at the transmitter, i. e. the procedure which you will need to use time and again when setting up a new model. The actual helicopter-specific set-up is carried out primarily in the … “Heli mixers” menu ptch ch1 thro tail ch1 gyro inp8 normal (pages 94 … 105).
auto-rotation flight phase, you will see - instead of the usual display - the following: c1 thro off Autorot This means that the throttle servo has switched to a fixed value, which can be adjusted as follows: Press ESC to return to the menu list. Assuming that you are still in the auto-rotation phase, this will now include new sub-menus. The important line is “Throttle”, where you should set a value of around +125% or -125%, depending on the direction of servo rotation.
I5 thr gyr I8 lim free free ctrl 7 free ctrl 6 +100% +100% +100% +100% +50% +50% +100% +100% +100% +100% tr v + This represents a safe fixed value which is maintained as long as the rotary control is at its right-hand end-stop. You will probably need to adjust the value in the course of flight-testing. Additional notes on setting up gyros can be found on pages 98 / 99.
Appendix PRX (Power for Receiver) Order No. 4136 Graupner HoTT GPS / Vario module Order No. 33600 Graupner HoTT Vario module Order No. 33601 A highly developed stabilised receiver power supply with intelligent power management. The unit constitutes a stabilised user-selectable power supply for the receiver, and provides a further enhancement in the reliability of the airborne power supply.
Graupner HoTT General Engine Module Order No. 33610 Graupner HoTT General Air Module Order No. 33611 Graupner HoTT Electric Air-Module Order No. 33620 General sensor for Graupner HoTT receivers and models with internalcombustion or electric power system: • 2 x temperature and voltage measurements with warning thresholds for min. and max. voltage and min. and max. temperature • Individual cell measurement with min.
Graupner HoTT RPM magnet sensor Order No. 33616 Graupner HoTT RPM optical sensor Order No. 33615 172 Appendix Graupner HoTT Smart-Box Order No. 33700 A vast range of different functions combined in a single device: that’s what destines the SMART-BOX to be your intelligent companion in future. Whether you want to display telemetry data in real time, or enter changes to your HoTT system, the large-area screen with 8 x 21 characters makes the task simple.
For your notes 173
Guarantee certificate Servicestellen / Service / Service après-vente Graupner-Zentralservice Graupner GmbH & Co. KG Henriettenstrasse 94 - 96 D-73230 Kirchheim Servicehotline (+49) 0 18 05 47 28 76* Montag - Freitag 9:30-11:30 + 13:00-15:00 Uhr Belgie/Belgique/Nederland Jan van Mouwerik Slot de Houvelaan 30 NL 3155 Maasland VT (+31) 10 59 13 59 4 Luxembourg Kit Flammang 129, route d’Arlon L 8009 Strassen (+35) 23 12 23 2 Ceská Republika Slovenská Republika RC Service Z.
FCC Information Graupner mx-16 HoTT Graupner mx-12 HoTT #33112 FCC ID: ZGZ-mx-12 ZKZ-MX-16-20 FCC Label Compliance Statement This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1. This device may not cause harmful interference. 2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. • Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
H O P P I N G . T E L E M E T R Y . T R A N S M I S S I O N GRAUPNER GMBH & CO. KG POSTFACH 1242 D-73220 KIRCHHEIM/TECK GERMANY Modifications and availability reserved. Graupner products are only available through model shops. We will gladly inform you of your nearest stockist. We accept no liability for printing errors. http://www.graupner.de Printed in Germany PN.
