MDS entraNET Access Point Serial Remote Ethernet Remote Wireless IP/Ethernet Transceivers Firmware Release 1.x MDS 05-4055A01, Rev. A (PRELIMINARY) April 2003 System Guide Microwave Data Systems Inc.
Contents 1 PRODUCT OVERVIEW AND APPLICATIONS 1.1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION................................................................................................... 3 1.1.1 Model Offerings .......................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 APPLICATIONS .................................................................................................................... 5 1.2.1 Long Range Wireless LAN ...........................
2.5.1 2.5.2 2.5.3 2.5.4 2.5.5 2.5.6 Overview ...................................................................................................................................31 Serial Data Port Configuration Menu ........................................................................................32 IP-to-Serial Application Example ..............................................................................................36 Point-to-Point Serial-to-Serial Application Example ........................
4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.1.6 Interpreting the Front Panel LEDs ............................................................................................87 Troubleshooting Using the Embedded Management System ...................................................88 Using Logged Operation Events ...............................................................................................92 Alarm Conditions ..............................................................................................
Copyright Notice This publication is protected by U.S.A. copyright law. Copyright 2003, Microwave Data Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ISO 9001 Registration Microwave Data Systems adheres to the internationally-accepted ISO 9001 quality system standard. Related Documentation Installer Guide—The associated MDS entraNET 900 Installer Guide, P/N 05-xxxxA01 (pending), is provided with the transceiver and is limited to essential information for installers.
OPERATIONAL & SAFETY NOTICES RF Exposure Professional installation required. The radio equipment described in this guide emits radio frequency energy. Although the power level is low, the concentrated energy from a directional antenna may pose a health hazard. Do not allow people to come closer than 23 cm (9 inches) to the antenna when the transmitter is operating in indoor or outdoor environments. More information on RF exposure is on the Internet at www.fcc.gov/oet/info/documents/bulletins.
vi MDS entraNET 900 System Guide (Preliminary) MDS 05-4055A01, Rev.
1 PRODUCT OVERVIEW AND APPLICATIONS 1 Chapter Counter Reset Paragraph Contents 1.1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION ......................................................... 3 1.1.1 Model Offerings ............................................................................. 4 1.2 APPLICATIONS5 1.2.1 Wireless LAN ................................................................................ 5 1.2.2 Point-to-Point LAN Extension ........................................................ 6 1.2.
2 MDS entraNET 900 System Guide (Preliminary) MDS 05-4055A01, Rev.
1.1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION This manual presents installation and operating instructions for the MDS entraNET 900 system. It is for use by professional installers who are expected to install, operate, and perform basic maintenance on the system. The MDS entraNET 900 system is an easy-to-install wireless solution that supports long range Serial and Ethernet data transmission at speeds up to 115.2 kbps. The system includes an Access Point transceiver (AP) and two types of Remote transceivers—Serial or Ethernet.
Some are inherent in the radio's operation, such as the use of spread-spectrum transmission; other techniques include data encryption, enabling/disabling remote access channels, and password protection. Remember, security is not a one-step process that can be simply turned on and forgotten. It must be practiced and enforced at multiple levels, 24 hours-a-day and 7 days-a-week. Section 1.4 on Page 10 contains additional information about entraNET’s security tools.
1.1.1 Model Offerings The MDS entraNET 900 comes in two primary models—an Access Point and a Remote. In addition, two types of Remotes are available— an Ethernet Remote, and a Serial Remote. Table 1-1 summaries the different interface abilities for each type. An Ethernet remote will serve only one MAC address, even if a bridge or hub is used. Table 1-1.
Invisible place holder iNET 900 Remote LAN iNET 900 Remote iNET 900 Remote LAN LAN iNET 900 Remote iNET 900 Acess Point LAN WAN/LAN Figure 1-2. Typical wireless LAN 1.2.2 Multiple Protocols and/or Services Prior to the introduction of the entraNET 900, two radios were often required to service two different types of devices (typically connected to different SCADA hosts). An entraNET 900 provides this functionality through a single AP radio.
including reduced management requirements via the MDS NETview MS application. Finally, entraNET offers a nearly unlimited potential for future applications that run over IP and Ethernet. 1.2.3 Upgrading Older Wireless Network with Serial Interfaces Millions of wireless data products have been sold in the last two decades for licensed and license-free operation, many of them manufactured by Microwave Data Systems.
1.3 NETWORK DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 1.3.1 Extending Network Coverage with Repeaters What is a Repeater System? A repeater works by re-transmitting data from outlying remote sites to the Access Point and vice-versa. As with any other store-and-forward device, it introduces additional end-to-end transmission delay but provides longer-range connectivity. In some geographical areas obstacles can make communications difficult. These obstacles commonly are large buildings, hills or dense foliage.
In a point-to-multipoint scenario, the Access Point services multiple remotes. A problem in the Access Point will have an effect on all remotes, since none will have access to the network. When operation of the network does not tolerate any down time, it is possible to set up a protected configuration for the Access Point to greatly reduce the possibility of this happening.
Co-Location for Multiple Networks It may be desirable to co-locate Access Points at one location to take advantage of an excellent or premium location that can serve two independent networks. Each network should have unique Network Name and each AP unit’s antenna should be provided as much vertical separation as is practical to minimize RFI. NOTE: All radios are shipped with the Network Name as “Not Programmed.” The Network Name must be programmed in order to pass data and begin normal operations.
Table 1-2. Security Risk Management Security Risk The MDS entraNET 900 Solution Denial of service, where Remote radios could be reconfigured with bad parameters bringing the network down. √ √ √ Airsnort and other war-driving hackers in parking lots, etc. √ √ Remote login Local console login Disabled HTTP & Telnet to allow only local management services 900 MHz FHSS does not talk over the air with standard 802.
Table 1-3. Accessories 12 Accessory Description AC Power Adapter Kit A small power supply module designed for continuous service. UL approved. Input: 120/220; Output: 13.8 Vdc @ 2.5 A 01-3682A02 OmniDirectional Antennas Rugged antennas well suited for use at Access Point installations. Consult with your factory Sales Representative for details Call factory Yagi Antenna (Directional) Rugged antennas well suited for use at Remote installations.
2 EMBEDDED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 2 Chapter Counter Reset Paragraph Contents 2.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 19 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 Menu Structure ...........................................................................19 Differences in the User Interfaces ...............................................20 Accessing the Embedded Management System ........................22 Navigating the Menus ..............................................
2.8.4 Radio Test Menu .........................................................................78 2.8.5 Ping Utility Menu .........................................................................80 14 MDS entraNET 900 System Guide (Preliminary) MDS 05-4055A01, Rev.
2.1 INTRODUCTION The MDS entraNET 900 is equipped with an embedded management system that is accessible through different data interfaces. These include the COM1 (serial) port, the LAN (Ethernet) port and over the wireless network. Essentially the same capabilities are available through either of these paths. You have a choice of using three common communications tools—a computer terminal-emulator through the COM1 port, Telnet, or a Web browser through the LAN (Ethernet) port.
2.1.1 Menu Structure The following two illustrations are flowcharts that display the organization of the entraNET Management System (iNET MS).
Invisible place holder Additional Menus: < Starting Information < Network Configuration <˚Radio Configuration < Serial Configuration MAIN MENU Security Configuration Device Information Performance Information Maintenance Provisioning Model Number RF Output Power Reprogramming Approved Remotes List (on AP) Serial Number Signal to Noise Hardware Version RSSI Filename TFTP Timeout Add Remote Delete Remote Firmware Version Actual Data Rate Add Associated Remotes Uptime RSSI by Zone Delete
2.1.2 Differences in the User Interfaces There are slight differences in navigation, but for the most part, the content is the same. You will find a few differences in capabilities—the communications tool is driven by limitations of the access channel. Below are samples of the Starting Information Screen seen through a terminal and a Web-browser. Invisible place holder Figure 2-3. View of entraNET MS with a text-based program— (Terminal or Telnet) Invisible place holder Figure 2-4.
2.1.3 Accessing the Embedded Management System The menu-based management system provides access to view and configure many unit parameters and provides you with basic diagnostic and maintenance tools. There are several tools that can be used to gain access to the entraNET Management System. • Terminal-Emulator—Use a terminal emulator program on your PC, such as HyperTerminal, connected directly to the MDS entraNET 900 COM1 port via a serial cable.
NOTE: Do not use the default IP address (192.168.1.1) if there are multiple transceivers on the same network set with the default address. c. The transceiver will respond with a login screen. Enter your password and press the ENTER key. (Default = admin) The entraNET responds with the start-up menu screen. (Figure 2-6 on Page 23) Procedure with Web Browser (AP only) a. Connect a personal computer’s Ethernet port to the LAN Port connector on the transceiver using an Ethernet crossover cable.
When you arrive at a screen with user-controllable parameter fields, you select the menu item by keying in an associated letter. If there is a user definable value, the field will clear to the right of the menu item and you will be allowed to type in the value you wish to use. Follow this action by the ENTER key to save the changes. If you make a mistake or change your mind before using the ENTER key, press ESCAPE to restore the previous value.
Invisible place holder Figure 2-5. Sign-in Screen when using a Web Browser The transceiver’s Device Name is used as the “Realm.” (See Device Names Menu on Page 27 to learn how to change this name.) This name will confirm you are connecting to the transceiver you desire. Changing Passwords Via Terminal Emulator or Telnet Once you are logged in, you can go to the Device Information Menu and change the password (case-sensitive).
2.2 BASIC DEVICE INFORMATION 2.2.1 Starting Information Screen Once you have logged into the entraNET Management System, you will be presented with a screen that provides an overview of the transceiver and its current operating condition. It provides an array of vital information on the unit and its operating condition. Invisible place holder Figure 2-6. Starting Menu • Device Mode—Current operating mode of the unit as it relates to the network.
At a Remote: • Scanning—The unit is looking for an Access Point beacon signal. • Exp(ecting) Sync(hronization)—The unit has found a valid beacon signal for its network. • Hop Sync—The unit has changed its frequency hopping pattern to match that of the Access Point. • Associated —This unit has successfully synchronized and associated with an Access Point. • Alarmed—The unit is has detected one or more alarms that have not been cleared.
Invisible place holder • Starting Information Screen—Select this item to return to the start-up screen. (See “Starting Information Screen” on Page 23) • Network Configuration—Tools to configure the data network layer of the transceiver. (See “Network Configuration Menu” on Page 27) • Radio Configuration—Tools to configure the wireless (radio) layer of the transceiver. (See “Radio Configuration Menu” on Page 29) • Serial Gateway Configuration—Tools to configure the COM2 serial port.
Invisible place holder Figure 2-8. Device Information Menu • • • • Model Number (Display only) Serial Number (Display only) Hardware Version (Display only) Firmware Version (Display only)—Current firmware installed and being used by the transceiver. • Uptime (Display only)—Elapsed time since powering up. • User Password—Password for gaining access to the entraNET Management System from remote locations (over-the-air or LAN) and for changing parameters settings. Use this menu item to change the password.
Device Names Menu Screen not found in MDS entraNET Figure 2-9. Device Names Menu • Device Name—Device Name, used by the transceiver as the “Realm” name for network security and menu headings. • Owner—User defined; appears on this screen only. • Contact—User defined; appears on this screen only. • Description—User defined; appears on this screen only. • Location—User defined; appears on this screen only. 2.3 CONFIGURING NETWORK PARAMETERS 2.3.
• • • • • • • • • CAUTION: Changing this value in the transceiver while you are communicating with it over the network, will cause a loss of communication with the transceiver. Communication will need to be re-established using the new IP address. IP Netmask—The IPv4 local subnet mask. This field is unnecessary if DHCP is enabled. [255.255.0.0] IP Gateway—The IPv4 address of the default gateway device, typically a router. This field is unnecessary if DHCP is enabled. [0.0.0.
2.4.1 Radio Configuration Menu Figure 2-11. Radio Configuration Menu From Access Point • RF Output Power (User Review Recommended)—Set RF power output level. Displayed in dBm. Setting should reflect local regulatory limitations and losses in antenna transmission line. (See “How Much Output Power Can be Used?” on Page 110 for information on how to calculate this value.) [20–30; 20] • Data Rate (Remote Only)—Over-the-air data transmission rate for this remote.
(208 ms), and Slow (508 ms). These values provide relatively quick association times where Fast is very fast (≈ 5 sec) and the other end, the largest recommended value, the 508 ms period is slow (≈ 60 sec). [Fast, Normal, Moderate Slow; Normal] TIP: Increasing the Beacon Period will provide a small improvement in network data throughput. Shortening it decreases the time needed for Remotes to associate with the AP. A short period is usually only a benefit when there are mobile Remotes in the network.
• SNR Threshold—Value (dB) below which the wireless network connection is deemed to have degraded and an critical event is generated and logged. [0 to 40; Not Programmed] • Hop Format—Operation compliant to country-specific restrictions into the frequency hopping algorithm. This option must be specified when the order is placed and cannot be modified in the field by the user. Authorizations at time of publication: • Australia: 915–928 MHz band • Brazil: 902-907.5 and 915-928 MHz bands • U.S.A.
2.5 CONFIGURING THE SERIAL INTERFACES 2.5.1 Overview Modes The transceiver includes an embedded terminal server that provides serial-data-encapsulation over IP. In this capacity, the entraNET 900 acts as a gateway between serial and IP remotes devices. Two basic scenarios come to mine, PC applications using IP to talk to remote devices, or serial PC applications talking to remote serial-devices over an IP network. Two types of services are offered by the transceiver—TCP and UDP.
If you are connecting EIA-232 serial devices to the transceiver, review these parameters carefully. Serial Configuration Wizard The Serial Configuration Wizard (FW≥ 3.0) available through the Serial Data Port Configuration Menu is recommended for configuration of serial ports. The wizard uses a step-by-step process, will eliminate possible conflicting settings, and streamline complex configurations. 2.5.
Serial Data Port Configuration Screens Figure 2-14. COM1/2—Serial Gateway Configuration Screen NOTE: Setting this parameter for COM1 port to Enable prevents access of the entraNET Management System (MS) through this port. However, the entraNET MS can still be accessed via Telnet or browser through the LAN port. TIP: If you need to restore the COM1 port to support entraNET Management System services, connect a terminal to the port and enter an escape sequence to reset it the console mode.
signal to the remote end. MODBUS defines a “3.5-character” parameter. [0–1,000; 0] • Buffer Size—Maximum amount of characters, that the Remote end will buffer locally before starting to transmit data through the serial port. [0–100; 4] • IP Protocol—TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) or UDP (User Datagram Protocol). [TCP, UDP; TCP] • • • • This is the type of IP port that will be offered by the transceiver serial device server. UDP requires configuration of Send to Address parameter.
Serial Data Statistics Menu This screen provides a summary of port activity for both serial data ports. These values will be reset to zero after a reboot cycle.
transceiver will offer again the port for connection after this time. In this mode, the entraNET 900 behaves the same, whether it is an Access Point or a Remote. (See Figure 2-16 and Table 2-1) Establishing a Connection From the PC, establish a TCP connection to the IP address of the Remote transceiver and to the IP port as configured above (typically 30011). A Telnet client application can be used to establish this connection. Data can now be sent between the PC and the RTU or other connected device.
Invisible place holder 192.168.0.10 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.2 LA N COM 1 EIA-232 Terminal or Computer COM 2 PW R LIN K EIA-232 iNET 900 Remote iNET 900 Access Point RTU Figure 2-17. Point-to-Point Serial-to-Serial Application Diagram Table 2-2.
2.5.5 Point-to-Multipoint Serial-to-Serial Application Example The operation and data flow for this mode is very similar to Point-to-Point serial-to-serial application, except that it uses multicast addressing. The primary difference is that data presented at the Access Point’s COM port will be packetized and sent via UDP to all of the Remotes. Upon receiving the packet all of the Remotes strip the data out of the UDP packet and send it out their COM port.
Table 2-3. Serial Port Application Configuration MDS entraNET 900 Unit Location Menu Item Setting Send to Port 30011 Receive on Port 30011 Receive on Address 224.254.1.1 — Multicast Address2 1. Either COM port can be used, but they must be the same ones at both ends of the link. Both COM ports can be used simultaneously for two independent data channels. 2. This address is an example only. Any Class D IP address will work. 2.5.
Table 2-4. Serial Port Application Configuration MDS entraNET 900 Unit Location Menu Item Setting Access Point Status Enabled Baud Rate 9,600 Flow Control Disabled IP Protocol UDP Send to Address A multicast IP address such as 224.254.1.1 Send to Port 30011 Receive on Port 30011 Receive on Address 0.0.0.
2.6 SECURITY CONFIGURATION There are many options for assisting you in providing secondary security for your transceivers and the network. These options start with controlling remote access to the network via Telnet, Web Browser, and SNMP. Other areas include multiple levels of encryption and MD5-level security for HTTP connections.
• SNMP Access— Prevents remote access through SNMP commands on Port 161 [Enabled, Disabled; Enabled] • Telnet Access—Prevents remote access through Telnet sessions on Port 23 [Enabled, Disabled; Enabled] • Approved Access Points/Remotes List (Menu)—Go to menu providing the creation and management list of units permitted (provisioned) with which this unit will be permitted to communicate. • Encryption Phrase—Phrase (text & numbers) that will be part of the encryption algorithm.
2.6.1 Approved Remotes/Access Points List Menu This menu is the same for both Access Points and Remotes and the names change to reflect their mode. Replace “Remotes” with Access Points” in the following description.
items to check and on many occasions, ways to correct or improve their performance. 2.7.1 Performance Information Menu This menu/screen is one of two primary sources of information on the radio layer and shows network performance. Library Admin Office Performance Information Menu -==========================================================================RF Output Power 25 dBm Signal to Noise 26 dBm RSSI -80 dBm Actual Data Rate 115.
• Endpoint Listing (AP Display only)—List of units accessible by this AP through associated Remote ports. (See “Endpoint Listing Menu (Access Points Only)” on Page 53) • Remote Performance Listing (AP Display only)— (See “Remote Performance Listing Menu (Access Points Only)” on Page 54) RSSI by Zone Menu (Remotes Only) This screen displays the strength of RF signals received from the currently associated Access Point.
Event Log Menu The transceiver’s microprocessor monitors many operational parameters and logs them. Events are classified into four levels of importance, which are described in Table 2-5. Some of these events will result from a condition that prevents the normal of the unit—these are “critical” events. These will cause the unit to enter an “alarmed” state and the POWER LED to blink until the condition is corrected. All events are stored in the Events Log that can hold up to 8,000 entries. Table 2-5.
• Clear Log—Purges the log of all events TIP: Save your Event Log before choosing to clear it in order to retain potentially valuable troubleshooting information. (See “Upgrading the Firmware” on Page 59 for an overview on how to transfer files from the transceiver to a computer on the network using TFTP.) • Send Log (Telnet/Terminal only)—Initiate TFTP transfer of the unit’s event Event Log in a plain text (ASCII) file to a TFTP server at the remote location.
View Event Log Library Admin Office Event Log -==========================================================================Num Date Time Description -----------------------------------------------------------------------------==START OF OPERATIONS LOG== 1 28 Dec 2001 23:21 Hop Table Write Successful 2 28 Dec 2001 23:21 Scanning Started 3 29 Dec 2001 20:55 Received Beacon OK 4 29 Dec 2001 20:55 Hop Table Write Successful 5 29 Dec 2001 20:55 Expected Sync Established 6 29 Dec 2001 20:55 Hop Sync Established 7 2
Ethernet Packet Statistics • Packets received—Packets received by the transceiver through the Ethernet port. • Packets sent—Packets received by the transceiver through the Ethernet port. • Bytes received—Data bytes received by this Remote. • Bytes sent—Data bytes sent by this Remote. • Packets dropped—Received packets dropped as a result of a lack of buffers. • Receive errors—Packets discarded after exceeding five retries the network.
The Wireless Network Status Screen Library Admin Office Wireless Network Status -==========================================================================Connection Status Associated Current AP 00:06:3d:00:00:f2 Association Date 03 Aug 2002 Association Time 19:38 Select a letter to configure an item, for the prev menu Figure 2-28. Wireless Network Status Screen • Connection Status—Current state of the wireless network communication.
Remote Listing Menu (Access Points Only) Library Admin Office Remote Listing Menu -==========================================================================MAC Address 00:06:3d:00:00:36 IP Address 10.2.208.100 State Assoc'ed AgeTime 4 min SuppRates 115.2kbps Number of remotes: 1 Page 1 of 1 Select a letter to configure an item, for the prev menu Figure 2-29. Remote Listing Menu (List of MDS transceiver units associated with this AP) • • • • MAC Address—Hardware address of Remote.
Endpoint Listing Menu (Access Points Only) This list shows all of the non-entraNET 900 Ethernet devices that are known to the transceiver and is equivalent to the ARP table of IP devices. Library Admin Office Endpoint Listing Menu -==========================================================================MAC Address IP Address AgeTime 00:b0:24:b9:e9:94 10.3.145.49 3 min 00:b0:24:4d:db:15 10.3.128.124 3 min 00:c0:4f:41:e3:8b 10.3.145.84 < 1 min 00:50:08:14:35:ff 4 min 00:b0:24:41:02:b0 10.3.128.
Remote Performance Listing Menu (Access Points Only) Library Admin Office Event Log Menu Remote Performance Listing Menu -==========================================================================MAC Address 00:06:3d:00:00:36 RxRate RxPkts 115.2 kbps 509 TxPkts 7 RxBCMC 502 RxViaEP TxViaEP RetryEr 105027 41 4 Select a letter to configure an item, for the prev menu Figure 2-31.
• The bridge code in the transceiver operates and makes decisions about packet forwarding just like any other bridge. The bridge code builds a list of source MAC addresses that it has seen on each of its ports. There are a few general rules that are followed when a packet is received on any port: • If the destination address is a multicast or broadcast address, forward the packet to all other ports. • If the destination address is not known, forward the packet to all other ports.
• 20 bytes—802.11 RTS. • 14 bytes—802.11 CTS. • 66 bytes—Total Over-the-air bytes for RTS/CTS with PHY headers. If the frame is TCP, then there is a 32-byte TCP header instead of the 8-byte UDP header. • ARP requests, ARP replies and BPDU’s will affect throughput. • ARP requests are 60-byte Ethernet frames. 142 bytes over-the-air. • ARP replies are 60-byte Ethernet frames. 142 bytes over-the-air. • BPDUs are 60-byte Ethernet frames. 142 bytes over-the-air.
2. AP Only: Change the Beacon Period to Normal (508 ms). This will also reduce the overhead of beacons sent out. On the down side, association time may be a little longer. (Main Menu>Radio Configuration>Beacon Period) 3. Change the Fragmentation Threshold to the maximum of 1600. Longer packets will be sent over the air reducing overhead. On the down side, if a packet is corrupted it will take longer to be retransmitted. (Main Menu>Radio Configuration>Fragmentation Threshold) 4.
2.8 MAINTENANCE In the normal course of operating an transceiver network, you will want to take advantage of product improvements, and to read and archive the configuration of your individual transceivers. The Maintenance Menu provides several tools to make this possible. This section provides detail information on how to take advantage of these services. The three maintenance tasks are: • Reprogramming— Managing and selecting the unit’s operating system firmware resources.
release into the inactive position and place it in service whenever you desire. Library Admin Office Reprogramming Menu -==========================================================================A) TFTP Host Address 10.4.2.1 B) Filename entranet-bkrf-3_1_0.ipk C) TFTP Timeout 120 sec D) Retrieve File E) Image Verify F) Image Copy G) Reboot Device Current Firmware Image 1: 1.1.0 Image 2: 1.1.0 (active) Select a letter to configure an item, for the prev menu Figure 2-33.
You must use the embedded entraNET Management System for all firmware activities, including uploading from a TFTP server. The uploads can be initiated through any of the three entraNET Management System gateways: • Terminal-Emulator—Use a terminal emulator program on your PC, such as HyperTerminal, connected directly to the transceiver’s COM1 port via a serial cable. • Telnet—Text-based access to the Management System through a network connection.
Invisible place holder LOCAL WINDOWS PC WITH iNET FILES MDS iNET 900 TP R TFRVE ET E S TELN & CROSS-OV ER CA BLE LA N CO M1 CO M2 PW R LINK LAN PORT IP ADDRESS: 172.0.0.B IP ADDRESS: 172.0.0.A INITIATE UPLOAD FROM HERE Figure 2-34. Upload Configuration—Option 1 (TFTP Server and Firmware File on Same CPU) Invisible place holder REMOTE PC W/FIRMWARE FILES TFTP SERVER ETHERNET PORT HUB/LAN/WAN/MAN TCP/IP MDS iNET 900 IP ADDRESS: 172.0.0.B LAN PORT IP ADDRESS: w.x.y.
1. Launch a TFTP server on a PC connected either directly or via a LAN to the Ethernet port (LAN) of the transceiver. Point the server towards the directory containing the firmware image file. 2. Connect to the entraNET Management System by whichever means is convenient: Browser or Telnet via the LAN, or Terminal emulator via the COM1 port. 3. Go to the entraNET MS Reprogramming Menu. (Main Menu>Maintenance Menu>Reprogramming Menu) 4.
2.8.2 Configuration Scripts Menu Library Admin Office Configuration Scripts Menu -==========================================================================A) TFTP Host Address 127.0.0.0 B) Filename C) TFTP Timeout 20 sec D) Retrieve File E) Send File Select a letter to configure an item, for the prev menu Figure 2-36. Configuration Files Menu • TFTP Host Address—IP address of the computer on which the TFTP server resides.
A Configuration File (data file) will make it easy to apply your unique settings to any transceiver(s) you wish. Configuration files will also provide you with a tool to restore parameters to a “known good” set, in the event that a parameter is improperly set and performance is affected. (See “Using Configuration Scripts” on Page 64 for detailed instructions and a sample configuration file.
NOTE: Changing the IP value via the network will cause a loss of communication with other devices unaware of the new address. IP Netmask: 255.255.255.0 The IPv4 local subnet mask. This field is unnecessary if DHCP is enabled. IP Gateway: 0.0.0.0 The IPv4 address of the network gateway device, typically a router. This field is unnecessary if DHCP is enabled. Ethernet Address: 00:06:3D:00:00:5D The physical Ethernet MAC (Media Access Controller) address of the device.
The maximum number of remotes allowed to connect to this Access Point. Device Mode: Access Point Configures the unit to act as a Remote or an Access Point. The Access Point option is not allowed unless the unit is specifically ordered as such, or an Authorization Key has been purchased to allow it. Dwell Time: 32.8 The amount of time the unit spends at any given frequency in its hopping pattern. This field is only changeable by an Access Point. Remotes read the Masters value upon association.
Tx Coefficient1: 0 31 additional values follow; do not alter Rx Coefficient1: 0 14 additional values follow; do not alter Skipped Hop Zone1: Active Skipped Hop Zone2: Skip Skipped Hop Zone3: Active Skipped Hop Zone4: Active Skipped Hop Zone5: Active Skipped Hop Zone6: Active Skipped Hop Zone7: Active Skipped Hop Zone8: Active Skipped Hop Zone9: Active Skipped Hop Zone10: Active Firmware TFTP Host IP: 63.249.227.
SNMP Trap Manager #1: 0.0.0.0 IP Address of a SNMP manager to which traps will be sent SNMP Trap Manager #2: 0.0.0.0 SNMP Trap Manager #3: 0.0.0.0 SNMP Trap Manager #4: 0.0.0.0 SNMP Trap Manager #5: 0.0.0.0 Auth trap enable: disabled Setting to enable SNMP authentication traps Trap Version: v1 Traps Selects which SNMP trap format Package 1 Version: 1.1.0 Indicates the version of firmware in Image 1 Package 2 Version: 1.1.
SNTP Server IP: 0.0.0.
Setting to enable MD5 Digest Authentication Automatic Key Rotation: disabled Setting to enable Automatic Key Rotation Approved APs List Enable: disabled Setting to enable the Approved Access Points List Watch-Link-Status Flag @ AP: disabled A flag that controls whether the Remotes care about the AP's Ethernet Link Status Network Name Hash Enable: disabled A flag that controls whether MD5 hashing is applied to the network name End of Configuration File Editing Configuration Files Once a Remote unit’s ope
Each resulting file should be saved with a different name. We recommend using directories and file names that reflect the location of the unit to facilitate its identification. Editing Rules • You may include only parameters you want to change. • Change only the parameter values. • Capitalization counts in some field parameters. (Example: System Mode) • Comment Fields a. Edit, or delete anything on each line to the right of the comment delineator, the semicolon (;). b.
performance. (See “Antenna Direction Optimization” on Page 97 for details. Library Admin Office Radio Test Menu -==========================================================================A) Test Mode ON B) Frequency 915.000000 MHz C) TX Output Power 25 dBm D) TxKey disabled RSSI -67 dBm Time Remaining 09:50 Select a letter to configure an item, for the prev menu Figure 2-38. Radio Test Menu Shown with Test Mode Enabled NOTE : Use of the test mode will disrupt traffic through this unit.
2.8.5 Ping Utility Menu Library Admin Office Ping Utility Menu -==========================================================================A) IP Addr 192.168.1.1 B) Count 4 C) Packet Size 32 D) Go Select a letter to configure an item, for the prev menu Figure 2-39. Ping Utility Menu • • • • IP Addr—Address to send a PING. [Any valid IP address] Count—Number of PING packets to be sent. Packet Size—Size of each PING data packet (bytes). Go—Send PING packets to address shown on screen.
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3 TABLETOP EVALUATION AND TEST SETUP 3 Chapter Counter Reset Paragraph Contents 3.1 OVERVIEW................................................................................ 83 3.2 STEP 1—INSTALL THE ANTENNA CABLING.......................... 83 3.3 STEP 2—MEASURE & CONNECT THE PRIMARY POWER ... 84 3.4 STEP 3—CONNECT PC TO THE TRANSCEIVER ................... 84 3.5 STEP 4—REVIEW THE TRANSCEIVER’S CONFIGURATION 85 3.5.1 Getting Started .......................................................................
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3.1 OVERVIEW It is convenient to set up a tabletop network that can be used to verify the basic operation of the transceivers and give you a chance to experiment with network designs, configurations or network equipment in a convenient location. This test can be performed with any number of radios. NOTE: It is important to use a “Network Name” that is different from any currently in use in your area during the testing period.
3.3 STEP 2—MEASURE & CONNECT THE PRIMARY POWER The primary power at the transceiver’s power connector must be within 10.5–30 Vdc and be capable of continuously providing a minimum of 8 Watts. (Typical power consumptions are: 760 mA @ 10.5 Vdc, 580 mA @ 13.8 Vdc, and 267 mA @ 30 Vdc.) A power connector with screw-terminals is provided with each unit. Strip the wire leads to 6 mm (0.25"). Be sure to observe proper polarity as shown in Figure 3-2 with the positive lead (+) on the left.
3.5 STEP 4—REVIEW THE TRANSCEIVER’S CONFIGURATION 3.5.1 Getting Started Start with the Access Point and log-in. It should be the first unit to be set up as the Remotes are dependent on its beacon signal to achieve the “associated” state.
NOTE: Access to the entraNET’s Management System and changes to some parameters, are controlled by password when accessing by means of a Web browser or Telnet. Table 3-1. Basic Configuration Defaults (AP) Item Mgt. System Location Default Values/Range Network Name Main Menu> Network Configuration> Network Name “Not Programmed” • 1–15 alphanumeric characters Main Menu> Network Configuration> IP Address 192.168.1.
Table 3-2. Basic Configuration Defaults (Remote) (Continued) Item Mgt. System Location Default Values/Range RF Output Power Main Menu> Radio Configuration> RF Power Output +30 dBm (1.0 Watt) 20–30 dBm @ 50Ω (0.1–1.0 Watts) Unit Password Main Menu> Device Information> User Password admin (lower case) • 1–8 alphanumeric characters Subnet Mask Net Address • Case-sensitive; can be mixed case 3.
3.7 STEP 6—CHECK FOR NORMAL OPERATION Once the data equipment is connected, you are ready to check the transceiver for normal operation. Observe the transceiver LEDs on the top cover for the proper indications. In a normally operating system, the following LED indications will be seen within 30 seconds of start-up: • PWR—Lit continuously • LINK—on or blinking intermittently • LAN—On or blinks intermittently Table 3-3 provides details on the LED functions. Table 3-3.
Figure 3-4. entraNET Management System Menu Flowchart (Security, Performance & Maintenance Menus are abbreviated. See Figure 2-2 on Page 17 for details for these areas.) MDS 05-4055A01, Rev. A MDS entraNET 900 System Guide (Preliminary) 83 Skip Zone Options RF Hopping Format Serial Data Statistics Status Mode Data Baud Rate Flow Control Send to Address Sent to Port Receive on Port Receive on Address Seamless Mode Delimiter Buffer Size COM1 & COM2 Serial Data Port User Password Serial Config.
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4 TROUBLESHOOTING & RADIO MEASUREMENTS 4 Chapter Counter Reset Paragraph Contents 4.1 TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................................... 93 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.1.6 Interpreting the Front Panel LEDs ...............................................93 Troubleshooting Using the Embedded Management System .....94 Using Logged Operation Events .................................................98 Alarm Conditions ..........................................................
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4.1 TROUBLESHOOTING Successful troubleshooting of a wireless system is not difficult, but requires a logical approach. It is best to begin troubleshooting at the Access Point unit, as the rest of the system depends on the Access Point for synchronization data. If the Access Point has problems, the operation of the entire wireless network will be affected. When communication problems are found, it is good practice to begin by checking the simple things.
resolving common system difficulties using the LEDs, and Table 4-2 other simple techniques. Table 4-1. Troubleshooting Using LEDs—Symptom-Based Symptom Problem/Recommended System Checks PWR LED does not turn on. a. Voltage too low—Check for the proper supply voltage at the power connector. (10.5–30 Vdc) b. Indefinite Problem—Cycle the power and wait (≈ 30 seconds) for the unit to reboot. Then, recheck for normal operation. LINK LED does not turn on. a.
Table 4-2. Basic Troubleshooting with the entraNET MS Symptom Problem/Recommended System Checks Cannot access the entraNET MS through COM1 a. Connect to unit via Telnet or Web browser b. Disable the serial mode for COM1 (Serial Gateway Configuration>Com1 Serial Data Port>Status>Disabled) or, if you know the unit’s data configuration a. Connect to COM 1 via a terminal set to VT100 and the port’s data baud rate. b. Type “+++ [ENTER]” c.
message, such as Scanning, Hop Sync or Alarmed, you will need to determine why it is in this state. The Scanning state indicates a Remote unit is looking for an Access Point beacon signal to lock onto. It should move to the Hop Sync and finally to the Associated state within less than a minute. If this Remote unit is not providing reliable service, look at the Event Logs for signs of lost association with the Access Point or low signal alarms. Table 4-3 provides a description of the Device Status messages.
Ethernet Packet Statistics • Packets received • Packets dropped • Packets sent • Receive errors • Bytes received • Retries • Bytes sent • Retry errors • Lost carrier detected The most significant fields are the Packets Dropped, Retries, Retry Errors, Receive Errors and Lost Carrier Detected.
4.1.3 Using Logged Operation Events (See Event Log Menu on Page 47) The transceiver’s microprocessor monitors many operational parameters and logs them as various classes of “events”. If the event is one that affects performance, it is an “alarmed”. There are also normal or routine events such as those marking the rebooting of the system, implementation of parameter changes and external access to the entraNET Management System.
Table 4-5.
Table 4-6. Correcting Alarm Conditions (Alphabetical Order) (Continued) Event Log Entry Generating Condition Clearing Condition or Action Invalid IP Address The IP address is either 0.0.0.0 or 127.0.0.1 IP address is programmed to something other than 0.0.0.0 or 127.0.0.1 by the user MAC Failure The monitor task reads the LinkStatus from the MAC every second.
trap. The left hand column, “Event Log Entry” is what will be shown in the Event Log. Table 4-7. Non-Critical Events (Alphabetical Order) MDS 05-4055A01, Rev.
Table 4-7.
The reflected power should be less than 10% of the forward power (≈2:1 SWR). Higher readings usually indicate problems with the antenna, feedline or coaxial connectors. If the reflected power is more than 10%, check the feedline, antenna and its connectors for damage. Record the current transmitter power output level, and then set it to 30 dBm for the duration of the test to provide an adequate signal level for the directional wattmeter. Procedure 1.
levels stronger than –77 dBm will provide the basis for reliable communication that includes a 15 dB fade margin. As the distance between the Access Point and Remotes increases, the influence of terrain, foliage and man-made obstructions become more influential and the use of directional antennas at Remote locations becomes necessary. Directional antennas usually require some fine-tuning of their bearing to optimize the received signal strength.
6. View the Wireless Packets Dropped and Received Error rates at the point of maximum RSSI level. They should be the same or lower than the previous reading. (Main Menu>Performance Information>Packet Statistics>Wireless Packet Statistics) If the RSSI peak results in an increase in the Wireless Packets Dropped and Received Error, the antenna may be aimed at an undesired signal source. Try a different antenna orientation. End of procedure MDS 05-4055A01, Rev.
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5 PLANNING AN MDS entraNET 900 RADIO NETWORK 5 Chapter Counter Reset Paragraph Contents 5.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 109 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.5 5.1.6 5.1.7 General Requirements ..............................................................109 Site Selection ............................................................................111 Terrain and Signal Strength .......................................................
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5.1 INSTALLATION This section provides tips for selecting an appropriate site, choosing an antenna system, and reducing the chance of harmful interference. 5.1.1 General Requirements There are three main requirements for installing transceiver—adequate and stable primary power, a good antenna system, and the correct interface between the transceiver and the data device. Figure 5-1 shows a typical Remote Gateway installation.
4.5˝ (11.4 cm) TOP 6.75˝ (17.15 cm) 2.5˝ (6.35 cm) FRONT BOTTOM THREADED HOLES FOR MOUNTING SCREWS (4) 4.85˝ (12/3 cm) SIDE Not to scale 1.25˝ (3.17 cm) 4.25˝ (10.8 cm) 4.75˝ (12 cm) Figure 5-2. Transceiver Dimensions 104 MDS entraNET 900 System Guide (Preliminary) MDS 05-4055A01, Rev.
Invisible place holder 2.75˝ (7 cm) . 7.25˝ (18.4 cm) Figure 5-3. Mounting Brackets Dimensions 5.1.2 Site Selection Suitable sites should provide: • Protection from direct weather exposure • A source of adequate and stable primary power • Suitable entrances for antenna, interface or other required cabling • Antenna location that provides as unobstructed a transmission path as possible in the direction of the associated station(s) These requirements can be quickly determined in most cases.
signal strength that may occur from time-to-time. RSSI can be measured with a terminal connected to the COM1 Port or with a HTTP browser to the LAN (Ethernet) connector. (See “Antenna Direction Optimization” on Page 97 for details.) 5.1.4 Antenna & Feedline Selection Antennas The equipment can be used with a number of antennas. The exact style used depends on the physical size and layout of a system. Contact your MDS representative for specific recommendations on antenna types and hardware sources.
Invisible place holder Figure 5-5. Typical Yagi antenna (mounted to mast) Feedlines The choice of feedline used with the antenna should be carefully considered. Poor-quality coaxial cables should be avoided, as they will degrade system performance for both transmission and reception. The cable should be kept as short as possible to minimize signal loss. For cable runs of less than 20 feet (6 meters), or for short range transmission, an inexpensive type such as Type RG-8A/U may be acceptable.
Table 5-2 outlines the minimum lengths of RG-214 coaxial cable that must be used with common MDS omnidirectional antennas in order to maintain compliance with FCC maximum limit of +36 dBm. Table 5-2. Minimum Feedline Length versus Antenna Gain Antenna Gain (dBd) Antenna Gain (dBi) Minimum Feedline Length (Loss in dB) Power Level @ Minimum Length Unity (0 dB) 2.15 dBi 3 meters (1.0 dB) +31.15 dBi 3 dBd 5.15 dBi 3 meters (1.0 dB) +34.15 dBi 5 dBd 7.15 dBi 3.1 meters (1.2 dB) +35.95 dBi 5.1.
tion, configuration of radio parameters and software/protocol techniques. In general, keep the following points in mind when setting up your communications network. 1. Systems installed in rural areas are least likely to encounter interference; those in suburban and urban environments are more likely to be affected by other devices operating in the license-free frequency band and by adjacent licensed services. 2. Use a directional antenna at remote sites whenever possible.
If you are not familiar with these interference-control techniques, contact your MDS sales or Technical Support Department for more information. 5.1.7 How Much Output Power Can be Used? The transceiver is normally supplied from the factory set for a nominal +30 dBm (1 Watt) RF power output setting; this is the maximum transmitter output power allowed under FCC rules. The power must be decreased from this level if the antenna system gain exceeds 6 dBi.
Table 5-3. Antenna system gain vs. power output setting (USA) Antenna System Gain Maximum Power Setting EIRP (in dBm) (in dBm) 6 (or less) 30 36 8 28 36 10 26 36 12 24 36 14 22 36 16 20 36 (Antenna Gain in dBi* minus Feedline Loss in dB†) * Most antenna manufacturers rate antenna gain in dBd in their literature. To convert to dBi, add 2.15 dB. † Feedline loss varies by cable type and length. To determine the loss for common lengths of feedline, see Table 5-1 on Page 107.
5.2 dBm-WATTS-VOLTS CONVERSION CHART Table 5-4 is provided as a convenience for determining the equivalent voltage or wattage of an RF power expressed in dBm. Table 5-4. dBm-Watts-Volts conversion—for 50 ohm systems 112 dBm V Po dBm V Po dBm mV +53 +50 +49 +48 +47 +46 +45 +44 +43 +42 +41 +40 +39 +38 +37 +36 +35 +34 +33 +32 +31 +30 +29 +28 +27 +26 +25 +24 +23 +22 +21 +20 +19 +18 +17 +16 +15 +14 +13 +12 +11 +10 +9 +8 +7 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 200W 100W 80W 64W 50W 40W 32W 25W 20W 16W 12.5W 10W 8W 6.
6 TECHNICAL REFERENCE 6 Chapter Counter Reset Paragraph Contents 6.1 DATA INTERFACE CONNECTORS......................................... 121 6.1.1 LAN Port ....................................................................................121 6.1.2 COM1 Port ................................................................................122 6.1.3 COM2 Port ................................................................................122 6.2 FUSE REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE .................................
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6.1 REMOTE TRANSCEIVER COMMAND REFERENCE 6.1.1 Command Description The following commands are used to set the configuration and operating parameters for the MDS entraNET radio...They can be issued from a console terminal connected as shown in Section... HELP Lists the commands available through the console interface.
1 ;reprogram tor with image 1 2 ;reprogarm tor with image 2 CMD=<0|1> dump command line format RADIO Syntax: RADIO [optional arguments as follows]... ADDR= Current Radio Network Address MAC= Current Radio MAC Address SYNC= Current state of Radio Sync CMD=<0|1> dump command line format LOGIN Syntax: LOGIN [optional arguments as follows]... Login securely; prompt username + password and echo '*' when inputting password.
ETHERNET_ENABLE ;1:ETHERNETENABLED;0:DISABLED NETWKMGMT_ENABLE ;1: NETWORK MANAGEMENT ENABLED; 0: DISABLED CMD=<0|1> dump command line format BOOT Syntax: BOOT [optional arguments as follows]... RUN= RESET ;goto Reset Vector APP1 ;Application Image 1 APP2 ;Application Image 2 CMD=<0|1> dump command line format DATE Syntax: DATE [optional arguments as follows]... Current real time clock date.
DATA ;Console port in transparent data mode DLINK ;Console port in DLINK remote diagnostic mode. CMD=<0|1> dump command line format CONSOLE Syntax: CONSOLE [optional arguments as follows]...
PAYLOAD (Serial) Syntax: PAYLOAD [optional arguments as follows]...
EVEN ;Even Parity SBITS= 1 ;1 stop bit 2 ;2 stop bit CMD=<0|1> dump command line format COM1 port COM2 port OEM Syntax: OEM [optional arguments as follows]... COMP= Name of company selling the radio. MODEL= Model number given to the radio PROD= Product Name given to the radio SREV= Software ID. CMD=<0|1> dump command line format REG Syntax: REG [optional arguments as follows]...
OFF ;Store and Forward Disabled ON ;Store and Forward Enabled LOWPOWER ;Store and Froward w/ Low Power Enabled SHUTDOWN=<0|1> Agreement with master whether disconnect sent when shutting down - yes/no SLEEP= NONE ;Sleep Disabled on Network XPARENT ;Transparent Sleep Only on Network SIMPLE ;Simple Sleep Supported on Network TIWAKE ;Traffic Indication w/ Wake on Data at Master TINOWAKE ;Traffic Indication w/o Wake on Data at Master SLEEPIND= Master-assigned sleep TIM index aft
PWKTIME= This determines the period of wake-up when power mode control is periodic wake-up. PHGTIME= This determines how long the remotes hang out after awaken before going back to sleep. CMD=<0|1> dump command line format WAKE Syntax: WAKE [optional arguments as follows]... LDATA=<0|1> When in sleep mode this enable whether remote can wake on local data/console or not. MDATA=<0|1> When in sleep mode this enable whether remote can wake on data at master.
KEY1=key 1 KEY2=key 2 KEY3=key 3 IV= current IV CMD=<0|1> dump command line format REPROG Syntax: REPROG [optional arguments as follows]... START= SIZE= Start address of Flash reprogramming process. Number of reprogramming bytes to be downloaded. H2H Syntax: H2H [optional arguments as follows]...
HREV= OIB Board Hardware Revision XHREV= OEM Radio Board Hardware Revision. CMD=<0|1> dump command line format DEVICE Syntax: DEVICE [optional arguments as follows]... UNIT= This is the remote unit ID which is used for Host to Host interface as well as DLINK remote diagnostic messages. SNUM= OIB Board Serial Number. OWNER= string). Owner can program any information (as 1 UPTIME= Current system uptime.
: IMAGE [optional arguments as follows]... APP1 ;Application Image 1 APP2 ;Application Image 2 SREV= ported SWID= XSREV= ported. CMD=<0|1> Software Version number. (xx.yy.zz). Not supSoftware ID text. (06-nnnnAnn). Not supported Display TOR radio software version. Not supdump command line format Application Image 1 Application Image 2 MDS 05-4055A01, Rev.
6.2 DATA INTERFACE CONNECTORS (Pubs Note: There will be separate sections for the AP and Remote in the final book. Presently, only the AP is covered.) Three data interface connectors are provided on the face of the Access Point transceiver. The first, the LAN Port, is an RJ-45 connector. The other two use two DB-9 interface connectors that use the RS-232 (EIA-232) signaling standard. Note that the connector for COM1 Port is DCE (Female DB-9) and the COM2 Port is DTE (male DB-9).
6.2.2 COM1 Port To connect a PC to the transceiver’s COM1 port use a DB-9M to DB-9F cross-over cable. This cable may also be purchased from a computer retail store or mail-order company. For custom interface cables, use the pinout information in Figure 6-2 and Table 6-2. 5 9 1 6 Figure 6-2. COM1 Port (DCE) (Viewed from the outside of the unit.) Table 6-2.
6.3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS GENERAL Temperature Range: –40° C to +70° C (–40° F to 158° F) Humidity: 95% at +40° C (104° F); non-condensing Primary Power: 6–30 Vdc (13.8 Vdc Nominal) Supply Current (typical): (8 Watts Maximum @ 1 Watt RF Output) Transmit: 28 mA @ 13.8 Vdc Receive: 100 mA @ 13.8 Vdc Sleep: <7 mA @ 13.8 Vdc MTBF: 35 Years (Telcordia Method 1, Case 3) Size (Excluding mtg. hardware): 1.5" x 6" x 4" (H x W x D) 3.8 x 15.2 x 10.2 cm Weight: 0.9 kg / 2 lb (AP) 0.
Data Rate: 1200–115,200 bps asynchronous Data Latency: < 10 ms typical PORTS (Remote): Ethernet: Interface Connectors: RJ-45 Standard Data Rate: 10BaseT COM1, COM2: Signaling Standard: EIA-232/V.24 Interface Connectors: DB-9 Interface: COM1: DCE / COM2: DTE Data Rate: 1200–115,200 bps asynchronous Data Latency: < 10 ms typical PROTOCOLS: • CSMA/CA Wireless Protocol with Collision Avoidance (802.11) • IEEE 802.11 CSMA/CD (Wireless) • IEEE 802.
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7 GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 7 Chapter Counter Reset Paragraph If you are new to wireless IP/Ethernet systems, some of the terms used in this guide may be unfamiliar. The following glossary explains many of these terms and will prove helpful in understanding the operation of the transceiver. Access Point (AP)—The transceiver in the network that provides synchronization information to one or more associated Remote units.
Data Communications Equipment—See DCE. Data Terminal Equipment—See DTE. dBi—Decibels referenced to an “ideal” isotropic radiator in free space. Frequently used to express antenna gain. dBm—Decibels referenced to one milliwatt. An absolute unit used to measure signal power, as in transmitter power output, or received signal strength. DCE—Data Circuit-terminating Equipment (or Data Communications Equipment). In data communications terminology, this is the “modem” side of a computer-to-modem connection.
versed process is applied at the other end of the network extracting the data from the IP envelope, resulting in the original packet in the original protocol. Endpoint—IP address of data equipment connected to the ports of the radio. Equalization—The process of reducing the effects of amplitude, frequency or phase distortion with compensating networks. Fade Margin—The greatest tolerable reduction in average received signal strength that will be anticipated under most conditions.
access point, the new access point tells the old access point, using IAPP, that the station has left and is now located on the new access point. ICMP—Internet Control Message Protocol IEEE—Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Image (File)—Data file that contains the operating system and other essential resources for the basic operation of the transceiver’s CPU.
through the access points' territory. In order to do this, the station employs roaming and Mobile IP. Mode—See Device Mode. MTBF—Mean-Time Between Failures Multiple Address System (MAS)—See Point-Multipoint System. Network Name—User-selectable alphanumeric string that is used to identify a group of transceivers that form a communications network. The Access Point and all Remotes within a given system should have the same network address.
nected to an access point can be turned off, moved to another place, turned back on, and when the right information is entered can immediately reconnect to the access point without user intervention. PLC—Programmable Logic Controller. A dedicated microprocessor configured for a specific application with discrete inputs and outputs. It can serve as a host or as an RTU. Remote—A transceiver in a network that communicates with an associated Access Point unit. Remote Terminal Unit—See RTU.
SWR—Standing-Wave Ratio. A parameter related to the ratio between forward transmitter power and the reflected power from the antenna system. As a general guideline, reflected power should not exceed 10% of the forward power (≈ 2:1 SWR). TCP—Transmission Control Protocol TFTP—Trivial File Transfer Protocol UDP—User Datagram Protocol Zone—See Frequency Zone. MDS 05-4055A01, Rev.
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