Apollo 360 GPS Receiver User’s Guide II Morrow Inc. 2345 Turner Road S.E.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the express written consent of II Morrow Inc. II Morrow is a trademark of II Morrow Inc. Apollo is a registered trademarkof II Morrow Inc. © 1997 by II Morrow Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. II Morrow Inc. Consumer Products Division 2345 Turner Road S.E. Salem, OR 97302 U.S.A.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver History of Revisions October 1994 Original Release October 1996 Revision 01 A February 1997 Revision 01 B Notice regarding 8-channel receiver added to page 3-6 Ordering Information To receive additional copies of this publication, order part #560-0123, Apollo 360 GPS User’s Guide.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver About This Manual About This Manual This manual is divided into seven sections, each contains information of a specific type. This information is presented in a logical order such that the best understanding of unit operation can be had by reading this manual in its entirety from front to back. The five appendices at the back of this manual contain information helpful, but not critical to operation of the Apollo 360.
About This Manual Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Section 5 An explanation of each main menu option Section 6 A description of the waypoint database and information it contains Appendix A A glossary of navigation and GPS terms Appendix B A listing of map datums included with the Apollo 360 Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E ii A tutorial containing instructions on how to “fly” the Apollo 360 GPS receiver using the built-in simulator A troubleshooting guide explaining what to do if the receiver fails to
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver About This Manual Welcome... Welcome to the ever-growing family of II Morrow customers using Apollo products around the world to navigate with a high degree of accuracy. We at II Morrow are proud of our reputation as a leading manufacturer of navigation equipment. Your Apollo model 360 GPS receiver is an advanced navigation device built with quality and pride. We are certain you will find it to be a versatile and valuable navigation instrument.
About This Manual Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Caution The Apollo 360 is a powerful navigation tool, but you should never rely solely on any one piece of navigation equipment. It is important to maintain a constant awareness of the navigation picture by using all appropriate resources. This device should be installed only by an FAA certified facility. Certified avionics technicians will properly install and checkout your Apollo 360, ensuring trouble free operation when you fly with the unit.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Table of Contents Table of Contents Section 1 Subject Page Introduction to GPS Navigation Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 GPS System Accuracy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 2 Introduction to the Apollo GPS Receiver The Operating Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 Function Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Entering a Destination Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 Section 4 Subject Page Navigating a Trip About the Navigation Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 About Navigation Function Screens . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 GPS Signal Strength Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 Current Messages Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 Present Position Screen . . . . . . . .
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Section 5 Table of Contents Subject Page Menu Function Options The Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 Changing Menu Option Settings . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 Return to Nav . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 Operation Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 Time and Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 Screen Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 Map Setups . . . .
Table of Contents Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Appendices A Glossary of Navigation Terms B Map Datums C Tutorial D Troubleshooting Contacting the Factory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Introduction to GPS Navigation Section 1 Introduction to GPS Navigation GPS The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a constellation of Overview 24 satellites in six orbit lanes 10,898 nautical miles above the earth at an inclination angle of about 55 degrees from the equator. Each satellite orbits the earth twice in 24 hours. The GPS was developed and the satellites launched by the U.S.
Introduction to GPS Navigation Apollo 360 GPS Receiver receiver chooses satellites to calculate a position fix. Using information transmitted from three or more satellites, the unit can calculate latitude and longitude (usually abbreviated lat/lon); with four or more satellites, GPS altitude can also be calculated. GPS The GPS allows a high degree of position fix accuracy. The System system can produce a position fix accurate to within less Accuracy than one meter.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Introduction to the Apollo 360 Section 2 Introduction to the Apollo 360 This section introduces you to the Apollo 360 and explains how to use and switch between the unit’s operating functions. A description of information that shows on the display when you use each function is included at the back of this section. Section 3 builds on the introductory information presented here as you switch on and begin using the Apollo 360.
Introduction to the Apollo 360 Function Keys Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Each of the operating functions is easily accessible from the front panel by using the function keys. Remember, the navigation function is always active -pressing a key is not necessary to enable it. Navigation This function starts automatically when the unit is Function switched on and stays active. You will use this function most often while flying.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Introduction to the Apollo 360 Use this function to access a menu of options that modify the way navigation information shows on the display. In this way, you may customize the Apollo 360 to best suit your navigation requirements. The menu function also controls many other important ways the unit operates. Goto and The goto and nearest functions operate together. Press this Nearest key once for the goto function or twice for the nearest Functions function.
Introduction to the Apollo 360 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver The Display The display shows information for each operating function. This information typically includes navigation progress, waypoint information, satellite tracking status, and menu options and selections. Display contrast and the display backlight are adjustable to best suit viewing conditions in the cockpit. See “Screen Controls” in Section 5 for details on adjusting the screen.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Introduction to the Apollo 360 LCD This key controls the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Backlight backlight, enabling you to easily view the display in a wide variety of cockpit ambient light conditions. Five backlight intensity levels are available from no intensity (off) to high intensity. Helpful Instructions on the Display While you use most functions, the Apollo 360 shows you what to do. Helpful instructions typically appear on the top and bottom lines of the display.
Introduction to the Apollo 360 The Power Knob Apollo 360 GPS Receiver This knob switches the receiver on and off. Each time you switch the unit on, it performs internal diagnostics, begins tracking available GPS satellites, and activates the navigation function. This process takes only a few seconds, providing that a seed position and current time have been entered. Note You must enter a seed position and the current time before you navigate with the Apollo 360.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver The Display Screens Introduction to the Apollo 360 Information you view on the display while using the Apollo 360 shows one page or “screen” at a time. Many of the operating functions can show more than one screen of information. When more than one screen of information is available, either the vertical arrow symbol or an instruction line shows on the display to inform you that more information awaits your view.
Introduction to the Apollo 360 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigation The Apollo 360 shows one of eight screens while you use Function the navigation function. Each screen contains useful Screens information. After the startup screen appears on the display, the unit shows the GPS signal screen, allowing you to verify good signal reception from available satellites. You can “scroll” or page through the other available screens by turning the LARGE knob.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Screen Introduction to the Apollo 360 The menu function contains options that control many ways the Apollo 360 operates and lets you customize the navigation function to suit your preference. The menu function screen is a main menu with options selected by turning the LARGE knob to move the arrow cursor up or down the list.
Introduction to the Apollo 360 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Track Point History Controls navigation “track point” storage in memory and whether points show on moving map navigation screens (navigation function) Arrival Alerts Controls alert message at waypoint arrival Airspace Alerts Controls alert message at airspace entry CDI Scale Contains control settings for course deviation indication and alert message Magnetic Var Contains control settings for magnetic variation in course headings Countdown Time Control
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Goto and Nearest Function Screens Introduction to the Apollo 360 The paired goto and nearest functions work together, allowing you to quickly and easily assign a destination waypoint (goto) or to assign a waypoint near your present position as a destination (nrst). The goto function starts when you press the GOTO/NRST key once. Assign a destination waypoint from the goto function screen using the LARGE and SMALL knobs.
Introduction to the Apollo 360 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Section 3 contains more information about assigning a destination waypoint. Navigation to an assigned waypoint is not interrupted while using either of these functions unless you assign a new destination waypoint. New Waypoint Function Screen 2-12 This screen shows information about waypoints you create using the new waypoint function.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Waypoint Information Function Screen Introduction to the Apollo 360 The waypoint information function can be used anytime to get information about a waypoint without interrupting navigation. The waypoint information function screen shows the waypoint identifier, and distance and bearing from your present position.
Introduction to the Apollo 360 MENU GOTO Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu function - calls up the main menu of options to control ways the Apollo 360 operates. This function also controls the way navigation information shows on the display. Goto and Nearest functions - Goto assigns a destination waypoint from the Apollo 360’s built-in database. Nearest calls up a list of up to 30 waypoints nearest to your present position, any of which may be assigned as a new destination.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Getting Started Section 3 Getting Started This section explains how to get started using the Apollo 360. Information in this section explains how to startup the unit, check signals from the GPS satellites, enter a seed position, and assign a destination waypoint. This section shows you how to quickly start the Apollo 360 and check for proper operation. It is necessary to enter a seed position and the current time the first time you switch the unit on.
Getting Started Entering a Seed Position Apollo 360 GPS Receiver The first time the Apollo 360 is switched on, it must locate satellites in the sky to acquire signals before determining a position fix. This is a complex process involving lengthy mathematical operations and, without a seed position and the current time and date, can take 30 minutes or more to complete. Enter this information to allow the receiver to quickly locate and track available satellites.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Getting Started Use the SMALL knob to change values. The LARGE knob moves the highlight on the screen to select the next value to change. 5. Set the current date. Use the LARGE and SMALL knobs as you did to set the lat/long coordinates in step 4. 6. Set local time. (Or enter UTC time and skip step 7 below.) Use the LARGE and SMALL knobs to select and set local time (LOC). You may also enter current UTC time and skip entry of UTC differential in step 7.
Getting Started Apollo 360 GPS Receiver 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 + Subtract Hours Add Hours Subract 1 hour during summer for Daylight Savings Time (where DST applies) As an example, the UTC DIFF value in Seattle, Washington would be +08:00 (or +07:00 during daylight savings time). 8. Press the ENT key. The values you set are entered and the main menu returns to the display. “Return To Nav” is selected. 9. Press the ENT key once again.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Getting Started Checking After startup, the unit shows the GPS signal strength screen GPS on the display, indicating that the navigation function is Signal active. Strength Note While the Apollo 360 acquires signal information from satellites, the bars representing signal strength show grey in color. This process takes place quickly. When the unit has acquired the signals and begins tracking the satellites, the bars change to black.
Getting Started Checking Each Satellite Apollo 360 GPS Receiver T urn the S MALL knob to view information about each of the visible s at el li te s. T h i s ex a mple shows information about satellite 25. Important! The GPS antenna must be able to “see” each satellite it is tracking. If a satellite is “shaded” by the wing or fuselage during a turn, it may temporarily loose track of that satellite.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Getting Started Entering With a seed position and the current time and date set, the a Apollo 360 is ready to begin navigating a trip. Prepare for Destination trip navigation by entering a destination waypoint. Waypoint How to Do This 1. Press the GOTO/NRST key. The goto function screen shows on the display with the distance and bearing from your present position to the indicated waypoint. 2. Select a destination waypoint.
Getting Started Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Hints For airport waypoints, turn the LARGE knob to move the highlight on the screen down to the second line containing the city name. You can select characters in this line, too. The SMALL knob scrolls through waypoint names that most closely match the characters you select. You can also scroll through each waypoint in the database.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Getting Started 4. Press the ENT key. The selected waypoint is set as the destination. The display shows the navigation screen in use before the Goto function was started in step 1. Summary With the seed position and current time entered, and the destination waypoint showing on the display, the Apollo 360 is ready to use to help you navigate.
Getting Started Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Notes: 3-10 P/N 560-0123-01 B
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip Section 4 Navigating a Trip This section explores the navigation function and describes the powerful features it contains. You will use this function most frequently while you fly, so it is important to have a good understanding of this operating function. Follow the instructions provided in Section 2 before you read this section.
Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver The LARGE knob “scrolls” or pages forward or backward through the screens in the order shown in Section 2. After you become more familiar with each screen, you may develop a preference for some. This section describes each screen. GPS Signal Strength Screen This screen, the first to appear after the unit starts up, contains information about signals received from visible satellites in the sky.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip The number of satellites visible in the sky from your position The Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) value for the position fix provided by the satellite constellation - a high value (6 or greater) indicates poor position reliability, while a value of 3 or less indicates good position reliability In addition, individual satellite information is available by rotating the SMALL knob, as follows: The strength of the received signal from each satellite The satelli
Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Excessive course deviation* Loss of position fix Low memory back-up battery Expiration of countdown time Manual magnetic variation alert Magnetic variation compensation limitation Simulated flight warning 4-4 P/N 560-0123-01
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip When you see one of these alerts on the display, follow the instruction shown to clear it. Clearing the alert removes it from the display. The screen shown before the alert appeared returns to the display. The current messages screen serves as a review of any alerts presented this way during the trip. Alert messages that show on the screen must be valid at the time you check them or they will not show as a current message.
Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver The bearing (BRG), estimated time of arrival (ETA), and desired track (DTK) to the destination The current time The current track Bearing/ Range/ Ground Speed Screen Similar to the bearing/ETA/track screen, this one substitutes range for ETA, estimated time enroute (ETE) for current time, and ground speed (GS) for desired track.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip Using the moving map screen, you can easily track your navigation progress as the aircraft travels over or near waypoints beneath you.
Navigating a Trip Moving Map Screen Apollo 360 GPS Receiver This moving map screen is similar to the one just described, but it fills the entire display. The following information shows in highlighted boxes at each corner of the display: The destination waypoint Bearing to the destination waypoint Map scale Range to the destination waypoint The moving map screens represent graphic views of your navigation progress in a format easy to interpret while flying.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Auto Zoom Navigating a Trip The auto zoom feature changes the moving map scale automatically, adjusting the map scale to zoom in closer and closer as you near the destination waypoint. Similarly, this feature adjusts the map scale to zoom out as your distance from a waypoint of origin increases. Enable auto zoom by turning the SMALL knob until “AUTO” shows as the map scale. Using auto zoom frees you from manually adjusting the map scale as you view the moving map screens.
Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver The route screen shows the status (on or off) and either the next two or the next four waypoints of each route, as well as the desired track and distance between the displayed waypoints. No more than one route may be active, or ON at any time while you navigate. When the route screen is displayed, review each route by pressing the ENT key when NXT RTE is highlighted. The procedure to set up routes is explained later in this section.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip The nearest function screen shows up to 30 nearest waypoints in order of distance from your present position. The waypoint type, bearing to the waypoint, and range to the waypoint also shows. Turn the LARGE knob clockwise to move the arrow cursor down the list to select a destination. Press the ENT key to assign your chosen waypoint as a destination. The display returns to the navigation function automatically.
Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Use the new waypoint function to create waypoints. Press the WPT key. The new waypoint function screen allows you to enter a waypoint name of your choice, or you can use the default waypoint name that the unit assigns as a number. Turn the LARGE knob to move the highlight to the desired character in the waypoint name to change it.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip Destination Press the INFO key to activate the waypoint information Waypoint function. Information The waypoint information screen introduced in Section 2 shows on the display with information about the current destination waypoint. Turn the LARGE knob to scroll through additional screens of information about the waypoint. Press the INFO key again to return to the navigation function.
Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Press the GOTO/NRST key twice to search for nearest waypoints. When the list of these waypoints shows on the display, use the LARGE knob to move the arrow cursor to the desired waypoint. Press the INFO key to get information about the waypoint. To return to the navigation function, press the MENU key, then press the ENT key. Scanning You can “scan” waypoints on the moving map screens to Waypoints get information quickly.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip Navigating The ability of the Apollo 360 to store multiple leg flight Multiple plans is very useful. Once you set up a route, you can Leg Trips navigate the plan in forward or reverse. You can also edit a route you have created, or select any waypoint from a route and navigate directly to it, skipping other waypoints and legs of the trip.
Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver When you scroll up to show two waypoints, the route screen shows the bearing and distance between them. When you finish inserting waypoints into the route, select “DONE” and press the ENT key to complete route editing. Remember, you can always change, add, or delete route waypoints later. When you finish with the first route, you can immediately create another. The screen shows route 02, empty and ready for insertion of waypoints.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip Changing a Route You can change any waypoint along a route. Select the Waypoint route to change from the route screen. If you have several routes created, press the ENT key while “NXT RTE” is highlighted to page through the routes. When the correct route shows on the display, select “EDIT” as if creating a route. Turn the LARGE knob to select a waypoint to change. When the cursor arrow points to the desired waypoint, select “CHG” to change it.
Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Adding a You can add waypoints to any route. Add waypoints to a Route route by inserting them into the route at the proper location. Waypoint Select the route from the route screen that you want to insert waypoints. Then, select “EDIT” as if creating a route. Turn the LARGE knob to move the cursor arrow to the waypoint where you wish to insert the new waypoint. Select “INS” to insert the waypoint into the route.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip Deleting To delete waypoints from a route, scroll through the route Route screen pages to select the route that you wish to delete Waypoints waypoints. Then, select “EDIT” as if creating a route. Use the LARGE knob to move the marker arrow to the waypoint you wish to delete. Select “DEL” to delete the waypoint from the route and press the ENT key. Note The screen below shows deletion of a waypoint with the 3-leg route screen selected.
Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Starting a When you are ready to navigate a route, it must be started. Route Only one route can be started, or active at any time. Select the route you wish to start from the route menu. Select “START” to start the route. Only one route can be “started” or active at any time. You can navigate the route in either direction, depending on your present position.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Stopping or Holding a Route Navigating a Trip While flying a route, you may wish to deviate temporarily from your intended flight plan. You may then want to resume travel on this route. You can “hold” the route to do this. A route on “hold” can be resumed later from the current leg. “Holding” a route leaves the route active, but stops leg sequencing while you deviate from the planned course of travel.
Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Resuming Select “RESUME” to resume a route on hold. a Route Route “Direct To” While navigating a route, you may wish to bypass one or more waypoints and proceed directly to a destination waypoint. The route “Direct To” feature allows you to do this. Select the active route from the route menu. Then, select “EDIT” as if creating or modifying a route. Turn the LARGE knob to move the marker arrow to the waypoint to which you wish to navigate.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options Section 5 Menu Function Options This section details options available when you use the menu function. Use this function to access a menu of options that modify the way navigation information is displayed. The menu options allow you to customize the Apollo 360 to best suit your navigation requirements. The menu function also controls many other important ways the unit operates.
Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Declutter Maps Limits items shown on the moving map screens and in the nearest waypoints list Track Point History Controls navigation “track point” storage in memory and whether points show on moving map screens (navigation function) Arrival Alerts Controls alert message at waypoint arrival Airspace Alerts Controls airspace penetration alert message CDI Scale Contains control settings for course deviation indication and alert message Magnetic Var Contains cont
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options Take a moment to become familiar with each menu option. Use the information in this section to explore each option and understand how it affects the operation of the Apollo 360. This section can also serve as a reference for later use to refresh your memory about options you may use infrequently. The Main Menu The main menu contains all menu function options. You can call up the main menu anytime to use the options. Press the MENU key.
Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver pressing the MENU key to again call the main menu. With “RETURN TO NAV” selected, press the ENT key to leave the menu function, or turn the LARGE knob to select a different option. Operation This option sets the Apollo 360 operation mode and selects Mode the map datum the unit uses while you navigate. Select either the “aviation” or “simulator” operation mode.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options Using the simulator mode, you can select the ground speed you “fly” the Apollo 360. Ground speed units of measure are changeable using the “Display Units” option discussed later in this section. All operating functions are available while you use the simulator. After simulator use, the unit returns automatically to the “aviation” operation mode the next time you switch on the power.
Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Turn the LARGE knob to select “CONTRAST.” Adjust display contrast by turning the SMALL knob. Adjust the contrast to suit your preference and viewing angle. As you make adjustments, the horizontal bar at the bottom of the display shows the current contrast level. “-” indicates lower contrast, while “+” indicates higher contrast. A contrast setting near the middle of the bar is satisfactory in most cases.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options When airspaces are “ON,” airspace boundaries show on the moving map screens. “ORIENT UP” allows you to select orientation of the moving maps, with the top of the screen representing current track, desired track, or true north. Declutter This option controls the waypoints that show on the Maps moving map screens and are used for nearest waypoint search.
Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver The “IDENTS ON MAPS” feature controls whether or not waypoint identifiers show on the moving map screens. With “NO” selected, small symbols represent locations of waypoints. Only the current To waypoint, and possibly route waypoints (see Map Setups) show on the moving map screens. Note The destination waypoint identifier always shows on the moving map screens, regardless of this setting.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options You can also control the storage interval for track points. Saving points by “DISTANCE” allows you to select a distance interval to determine when each track point is stored. Similarly, saving points by “TIME” allows you to select the minutes and seconds interval for each track point. “USED” shows you the percentage of memory space used for track point storage. If you wish to empty the memory of track points, select “CLEAR?” and choose “YES.
Menu Function Options Airspace Alerts Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Use this option to control whether or not and when the unit should alert you when approaching Class B, C, or special use airspaces. If you choose “YES” for the alert message, the airspace alert will show on the display advising you of approaching airspace penetration within the distance or time you select. The distance buffer is the distance from the airspace border where you will be alerted.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options If you choose “YES” for the alert message, the course deviation alert will show on the display advising you when course deviation exceeds CDI scale maximum value left or right. You can also select the CDI scale maximum course deviation left or right. This distance can be shown in the unit of measure you choose using the “DISPLAY UNITS” setting described late in this section.
Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Note The Apollo 360 automatically sets magnetic variation to 0 degrees when you fly above 70 degrees north or south latitude. It is not necessary to disable automatic magnetic variation as you travel north or south to high latitude regions. Countdown Time The Apollo 360 includes a countdown timer. Use this option to count elapsed time from as long as 60 minutes. Enter a “TOTAL TIME” of up to 60 minutes (60:00).
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options Note The countdown timer can run “in the background” while you navigate and will not interfere with unit operation. An alert message shows on the display when the countdown time has expired. Display Units This option controls the way navigation units of measure show on the display. The units of measure you select show consistently throughout all screens in all operating functions.
Menu Function Options Serial Outputs Apollo 360 GPS Receiver The Apollo 360 is equipped with 2 serial data ports for communication with external serial devices. This option controls the function of each port.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options User This option allows you to manage waypoints you have Waypoint created (user waypoints). You can edit or delete waypoints Manage- as your area of travel or other requirements change. ment You can edit created waypoints to change the waypoint name or lat/lon coordinates. To edit a waypoint, turn the LARGE knob to move the arrow cursor to the desired waypoint. Turn the SMALL knob to select “EDIT.
Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver You can also delete waypoints you no longer need. With the arrow cursor at the waypoint you wish to delete, move the highlight at the bottom of the screen to “DEL” and press the ENT key. The waypoint is removed from memory. Important Waypoints deleted from memory cannot be recovered. When you are finished, press the MENU key to return to the main menu. System Info 1 This option shows your Apollo 360 serial number and hardware and software version information.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Default Settings Menu Function Options The Apollo 360 is shipped from the factory with menu options set as shown here. Note that where a range exits for a setting, the upper and lower boundaries are shown with the default setting shown as bold. These menu option settings are stored in memory and remain in effect until you change them.
Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Option Description Default Alert YES Arrival Alerts Alert Message: YES Distance: .1 - 1 - 9.9 nm YES Airspace Alert Message: YES Alerts Dist. Buffer: 0 - 2 - 100 nm Time Buffer: 0 - 10 - 20 min CDI Scale Alert Message: NO NO CDI Scale: .1 - 1 - 9.9 nm Magnetic Option: AUTOMATIC N/A Variation Setting: (Computed) Countdown Total Time: (User When Time programmable time 1 sec. to 60 min.) expires Display Units Distance: NM/KTS N/A Altitude: FEET Lat/Lon: D-M.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver The Waypoint Database Section 6 The Waypoint Database Database The Apollo 360 provides an extensive built-in database of Structure waypoint information to aid the navigator. Waypoints in the database are divided into 5 categories by type. This category structure allows you to more easily select a waypoint as a destination, search for waypoint information, search for nearest waypoints, or display waypoints on moving map screens.
The Waypoint Database Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Runway length(s) and surface type Radio communication frequencies (an asterisk at the frequency indicates part-time availability; “PCL” at the frequency indicates pilot controlled lighting.) Lat/lon coordinates Navigation beacon light IFR capability (an “R” at the frequency indicates that Radar service is available on this frequency.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver The Waypoint Database NDB Waypoint Information Bearing and distance from present position Operating frequency Lat/lon coordinates DME available Class (high/low/terminal) INT Waypoint Information Country Bearing and distance from present position Bearing from present position Lat/lon coordinates P/N 560-0123-01 6-3
The Waypoint Database Apollo 360 GPS Receiver USER Waypoint Information Bearing and distance from present position Distance from present position Lat/lon coordinates 6-4 P/N 560-0123-01
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Glossary of Navigation Terms Appendix A Glossary of Navigation Terms A Altitude (GPS ALT): Altitude, as calculated by the Apollo 360, based upon a mathematical model of the earth’s surface curvature. A substantial difference between this altitude value and altitude referenced to sea level may exist. Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS): Recorded information about weather and other conditions at an airport, periodically updated when conditions change.
Glossary of Navigation Terms D Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Database: A collection of data structured in such a way as to allow quick and convenient access to any particular record or records. The Apollo 360 contains a built-in database of waypoints and waypoint information. Users may add waypoints to this database. Degree: 1/360th of a circle. Desired Track (DTK): The desired course of navigation between a point of origin and a destination waypoint. Distance: A measure of interval in space.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver I Glossary of Navigation Terms Icon: A symbol shown on the display depicting present position. The icon is shown as a symbol of an airplane on the Apollo 360’s moving map screens. Identifier: A name, typically abbreviated, assigned to a waypoint. The identifier may consist of numbers and alpha characters, up to six in length. For example, the airport identifier for Los Angeles International Airport is LAX.
Glossary of Navigation Terms Apollo 360 GPS Receiver magnetic variation to 0 degrees at positions above 70 degrees north or south latitude. Map Datum: A mathematical model of the earth used for the purpose of creating navigation charts and maps. The Apollo 360 contains the set of datums listed in Appendix B. Meter (m): A metric distance measurement equal to 39.37 inches. Minute: 1/60th of a degree. N Nautical Mile (nm): A distance measurement equal to 6,076 feet, or 1.15 statute mile.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Glossary of Navigation Terms Selective Availability (SA): The degradation of accuracy of GPS position fix data by the United States Department of Defense for civilian use. Statute Mile: A distance measurement equal to 5,280 feet or 0.87 of a nautical mile. T Three-dimensional (3D) Position Fix: A position fix defined by latitude, longitude, and altitude. Track (TRK): The imaginary line that the flight path of an airplane makes over the earth.
Glossary of Navigation Terms Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Notes A-6 P/N 560-0123-01
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Map Datums Appendix B Map Datums This appendix shows a list of the GPS map datums used with the Apollo 360. Each map datum represents a mathematical model of the earth used for the purpose of establishing precision in charting various areas of the earth. Since each datum relies on a different mathematical model, inconsistencies exist in defining the location of charted points between datums.
Map Datums Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Datum Name European 1950 Sicily European 1979 Gandajika Base Geodetic Datum 1949 Hjorsey 1955 Indian (Thailand/Vietnam) Indian (Bangladesh/India/Nepal) Ireland 1965 Kertau 1948 Liberia 1964 Luzon Massawa Merchich Minna Nahrwan North American 1927 Conus North American 1927 Alaska North American 1927 Canada North American 1927 Cntrl. Amer.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Datum Name Zanderij WGS-1972 WGS-1984 P/N 560-0123-01 Map Datums Ellipsoid (Model) International WGS-72 WGS-84 B-3
Map Datums B-4 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver P/N 560-0123-01
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver P/N 560-0123-01 Map Datums B-5
Map Datums B-6 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver P/N 560-0123-01
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Map Datums Notes P/N 560-0123-01 B-7
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Tutorial Appendix C Tutorial This appendix presents a tutorial on using the built-in simulator to practice “flying” the Apollo 360. Use this tutorial at your own pace to become familiar with using the unit. During the tutorial, you will use many of the Apollo 360’s features as you would during an actual trip. All operating functions are available while you use the simulator. Each will work the same way when you actually navigate later.
Tutorial Starting the Simulator Apollo 360 GPS Receiver How to Do This 1. Turn the power knob to switch on the Apollo 360. 2. Press the MENU key to call the main menu. 3. Turn the LARGE knob clockwise one detent to select the “O p e ration Mod e” option. 4. Press the ENT key to select the option. 5. Turn the SMALL knob clockwise one detent to select Simulator mode. 6. Set your Ground Speed. 7. A message warns you against navigating while using the Flight Simulator. Press ENT to continue.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Tutorial Preparing Before you navigate a trip, determine whether you will fly for the direct to a waypoint, or navigate a route of several Trip waypoints. This tutorial presents instructions to set up either kind of trip. It may be helpful to first navigate direct to a destination before setting up a route to travel.
Tutorial Apollo 360 GPS Receiver 3. Turn the LARGE knob to move the highlight to the next character of your destination waypoint name. 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 t o s e l e c t t h e la s t character of the destination waypoint name. 5. Press the ENT key to assign the waypoint as the destination.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Tutorial Navigating Turn the LARGE knob to scroll through the navigation the Trip screens. Notice the GPS signal screen. No received signals are shown while you use the simulator. Notice the present position screen. Your track shows directly on course with no deviation from the bearing to the destination. The lat/lon coordinates change to reflect your present position to the nearest hundredth of a minute. Note GPS altitude is invalid while you use the simulator.
Tutorial Apollo 360 GPS Receiver The bearing/range/ground speed screen shows your selected ground speed and estimated time enroute on the trip. Check the moving map screens to view your navigation progress. Looking Around Turn the SMALL knob to zoom in and out and see waypoints around you. The map scale shows in the lower left corner of the display and indicates the represented distance between the airplane symbol and the top of the display.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Tutorial Hint If the screen seems cluttered with waypoint names as you use the larger map scales or auto zoom, use the Declutter Maps menu option to “declutter” the map and remove unnecessary names. Set “IDENTS ON MAPS?” to “NO.” Notice that the small symbols representing waypoint locations are not removed from the screen.
Tutorial Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Getting While you are enroute, you may want to get information Waypoint about your destination waypoint. You can check for fuel Information availability, runway lengths and surface, communication frequencies, and more. With the moving map screen displayed, press the INFO key to get information about the destination waypoint. Turn the LARGE knob to view additional pages of information. Press the INFO key again to return to the moving map screen.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Tutorial Information about the highlighted waypoint is available when you press the INFO key. Hint You can get information about any waypoint in the Apollo 360’s built-in database. Follow steps 1 through 4 in “Assigning a Waypoint” earlier. With the desired waypoint name showing on the display, press the INFO key. Waypoint information shows on the screen, without the waypoint being assigned as a destination.
Tutorial Apollo 360 GPS Receiver The airspace shows because the Map Setup menu option has the “AIRSPACES” item set to “ON.” You can also select an alert message to show on the display when you approach the airspace. For the purpose of this tutorial, check to make sure the alert message will show. Select the Airspace Alerts option on the main menu. The “ALERT MESSAGE” item should be set to “YES.” Set the distance buffer to the desired distance from the airspace where you wish to be alerted.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Tutorial The Apollo 360 can also alert you with a message on the display as you approach your destination. This feature should also be enabled for the purpose of this tutorial. Select the Arrival Alerts option from the main menu. Verify that the “ALERT MESSAGE” item is set to “YES.” Set the distance from the destination where you wish to be alerted.
Tutorial Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Scroll through the navigation screens to check your progress and decreasing range to the destination. When you are within several miles of the destination, adjust your ground speed to slow your rate of travel to approximately 30 knots. See “Setting the Ground Speed” earlier in this tutorial. Use the moving map screen to view your arrival at the destination. Set the map scale to auto zoom. At this slower rate of travel, you can clearly see the approaching destination.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Setting Up a Route Tutorial The Apollo 360 can store up to 20 routes or multiple leg trips of up to 30 waypoints each. After you create a route, you can edit it to add or change waypoints anytime. You can also delete waypoints from existing routes. You can navigate any route you choose, but only one route can be active at any time. How to Do This 1. Select the route screen from the navigation screens by turning the LARGE knob.
Tutorial Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Hint With the highlight on the first character of the waypoint name, turn the LARGE knob one detent to the left to search the database of waypoints one by one if necessary to find the waypoint you desire. You will need to do this if more than one waypoint share a common name. The vertical arrow symbol appears to the left of the waypoint name. Turn the SMALL knob to search waypoints one by one. 6. Press the ENT key to insert the waypoint in the route.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Tutorial 8. When you finish inserting waypoints in the route, select “DONE” and press the ENT key. The route is ready to navigate once it is started. You can also create more routes using these steps.
Tutorial Starting a Route Apollo 360 GPS Receiver With the route you just created showing on the screen, select “START” and press the ENT key. The arrow marker points to line 2, indicating the “To” waypoint. Waypoint 7S9 on line 1 is the point of origin. You can navigate any route you choose, but only one route can be “started” or active at any time. You can navigate the route in either direction, depending on your present position.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Tutorial Navigating With the route started, set the ground speed to a realistic a Route rate of travel. Use the instructions presented earlier in this tutorial. Route navigation is underway. During route navigation, the arrow marker on the route screen always points to the current “To” waypoint. Scroll through the navigation screens to check your progress on the route.
Tutorial Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigation continues to the “Direct To” waypoint as described in “Navigating the Trip” earlier in this tutorial. Holding or Stopping a Route While navigating a route, you may want to deviate from the route with the intention of later resuming the route. You can place a route on “hold” and it will not sequence to the next leg until you resume it, regardless of where you fly. How to Do This 1. With the route active o r “ O N , ” s e l e ct “STOP” and press the ENT key. 2.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Tutorial You can fly to other waypoints on the same route and later resume the route continuing from the waypoint you left earlier. You may wish to abandon the route entirely and fly to a waypoint not on the route list. You can do this quickly as described in “Assigning a Destination Waypoint” earlier. When you assign a new destination waypoint not on the current route, the route is automatically stopped, or switched “OFF.
Tutorial Inserting a Waypoint Apollo 360 GPS Receiver How to Do This 1. Choose the route you want to insert waypoints. You can choose any route, including an active route. 2. Select “EDIT” and press the ENT key. 3. Use the LARGE knob to move the arrow cursor to the waypoint before which the new waypoint is to be inserted. 4 . Select “INS” a nd press ENT to insert a waypoint. 5. Use the LARGE and SMALL knobs to select the waypoint name to insert.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Tutorial Changing To change a waypoint in a route, begin by editing the route a as you did to insert a waypoint. Waypoint How to Do This 1 Choose the route to change. You can choose any route and change any or all waypoints in the route. 2. Select “EDIT” and press the ENT key. 3. Use the LARGE knob to move the arrow cursor to the waypoint to change. 4. Select “CHG” and press ENT to change the waypoint. 5. Use the LARGE and SMALL knobs to select the new waypoint name.
Tutorial Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Deleting a Waypoint How to Do This 1. Choose the route from which you want to delete a waypoint. You can delete any or all waypoints in the route. 2. Select “EDIT” and press the ENT key. 3. Use the LARGE knob to move the arrow cursor to the waypoint to delete. 4. Select “DEL” to delete the wa ypoint and press the ENT key. 5. Select “DONE” and press the ENT key.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Track Point History Tutorial The Apollo 360 can store a record of your trip navigation progress in memory. The record consists of a series of track points, each containing your position at the time the point was stored. You can store up to 2,000 track points. Track point storage can be activated or deactivated any time you navigate. How to Do This 1. Select the Track Point History option from the main menu. The track point history screen shows on the display. 2.
Tutorial Apollo 360 GPS Receiver 4 . S e l e c t a st o r a g e method. Choose either “DISTANCE” or “TIME.” The “DISTANCE” setting records points at the distance interval you select. Similarly, the “TIME” setting records points at the interval of time you select. 5 . S e l e c t a st o r a g e interval for the method you selected. Note After you begin recording track points and go about navigating, you can always refer to the Track Point History screen to check how much memory space has been used.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Tutorial 6. With the track point history screen items properly set, press the ENT key to begin recording. Hint Select the “DISTANCE” storage method if you prefer to leave track point recording “ON” most of the time. Using this storage method, the unit will not record track points unless your position changes by the distance you specify. The “TIME” storage method records track points at the selected time interval, regardless of your present position.
Tutorial Navigating to a Nearest Waypoint Apollo 360 GPS Receiver The Apollo 360 can help you select and navigate to waypoints near your present position. This feature could be valuable if you had to land the aircraft quickly. For the purpose of this tutorial, imagine that the weather conditions were becoming worse and you wish to land immediately. How to Do This 1. P r e ss the GOTO/NRST key twice to display up to 30 closest waypoints around you. 2.
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Tutorial Conclusion This tutorial has explored many of the Apollo 360’s features. If you feel comfortable using the unit, switch it off and then back on to cancel the simulator. The unit is ready for actual navigation. If you need more time to become comfortable operating the Apollo 360, repeat this tutorial. Navigate to different destinations, add new routes, and take your time exploring the way the unit works.
Tutorial Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Notes: C-28 P/N 560-0123-01
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver P/N 560-0123-01 Tutorial C-29
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Troubleshooting Appendix D Troubleshooting This appendix contains information to troubleshoot the Apollo 360 when improper operation is observed. The table below lists possible problems you could encounter while operating the unit. Examine the possible causes of the problem and take the action listed to correct the trouble. If you cannot correct the problem, contact your dealer.
Troubleshooting Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Problem Possible Cause(s) Display too Change in dark or too viewing angle or light ambient light characters conditions in hard to see cockpit Search for nearest waypoints reveals too few or wrong types of waypoints Wrong types of waypoints show on moving map screens Incorrect selection of waypoint types to show after search Action Adjust display backlight (use backlight key) or adjust display contrast as Section 5 describes in “Screen Controls” option Check “Decl
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Problem Airspace boundaries missing from moving map screens Line representing route path on moving map screens is missing Waypoint identifiers missing on moving map screens Troubleshooting Possible Cause(s) Airspace display on moving map screens set to “Off” Action Check “Map Setup” option as Section 5 describes and verify that “Airspaces” item is set to “Yes” Route path display on moving map screens set to “Off” Check “Map Setup” option as Section 5 describes and verify that “
Troubleshooting Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Notes D-4 P/N 560-0123-01
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Features Appendix E Features The Apollo 360 is a powerful and versatile navigation instrument designed with the latest technology to offer you unprecedented ease in navigating your aircraft.
Features Apollo 360 GPS Receiver A built-in low battery alert to advise you when memory backup battery requires replacement (not user replaceable) Personal computer interface capability (using optional kit) to help you manage the internal waypoint database E-2 P/N 560-0123-01
Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Limited Warranty 1. Scope of Limited Warranty II Morrow warrants to the original consumer purchaser only that II Morrow products will be free of defects in materials and workmanship, under normal use, for the periods described below. The warranty begins on the original retail delivery date, or on the date of first use, whichever occurs earlier. Avionics equipment is covered for 26 months (12 months reconditioned) after delivery or first use, whichever is earlier.
